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Single-cell transcriptomics of immune cells in lymph nodes reveals their composition and alterations in functional dynamics during the early stages of bubonic plague. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:110-126. [PMID: 35943690 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis is highly infectious and often fatal. Characterization of the host immune response and its subsequent suppression by Y. pestis is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of Y. pestis. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to systematically profile the transcriptomes of immune cells in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) during the early stage of Y. pestis infection. Dendritic cells responded to Y. pestis within 2 h post-infection (hpi), followed by the activation of macrophages/monocytes (Mφs/Mons) and recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to dLNs at 24 hpi. Analysis of cell-to-cell communication suggests that PMNs may be recruited to lymph nodes following the secretion of CCL9 by Mφs/Mons stimulated through CCR1-CCL9 interaction. Significant functional suppression of all the three innate immune cell types occurred during the early stage of infection. In summary, we present a dynamic immune landscape, at single-cell resolution, of murine dLNs involved in the response to Y. pestis infection, which may facilitate the understanding of the plague pathogenesis of during the early stage of infection.
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Kolodziejek AM, Hovde CJ, Minnich SA. Contributions of Yersinia pestis outer membrane protein Ail to plague pathogenesis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2022; 35:188-195. [PMID: 35665712 PMCID: PMC9186061 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pathogenic Yersinia have been a productive model system for studying bacterial pathogenesis. Hallmark contributions of Yersinia research to medical microbiology are legion and include: (i) the first identification of the role of plasmids in virulence, (ii) the important mechanism of iron acquisition from the host, (iii) the first identification of bacterial surface proteins required for host cell invasion, (iv) the archetypical type III secretion system, and (v) elucidation of the role of genomic reduction in the evolutionary trajectory from a fairly innocuous pathogen to a highly virulent species. RECENT FINDINGS The outer membrane (OM) protein Ail (attachment invasion locus) was identified over 30 years ago as an invasin-like protein. Recent work on Ail continues to provide insights into Gram-negative pathogenesis. This review is a synopsis of the role of Ail in invasion, serum resistance, OM stability, thermosensing, and vaccine development. SUMMARY Ail is shown to be an essential virulence factor with multiple roles in pathogenesis. The recent adaptation of Yersinia pestis to high virulence, which included genomic reduction to eliminate redundant protein functions, is a model to understand the emergence of new bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Kolodziejek
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Carolyn J. Hovde
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Scott A. Minnich
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
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Banerjee SK, Crane SD, Pechous RD. A Dual Role for the Plasminogen Activator Protease During the Preinflammatory Phase of Primary Pneumonic Plague. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:407-416. [PMID: 32128567 PMCID: PMC7336565 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early after inhalation, Yersinia pestis replicates to high numbers in the airways in the absence of disease symptoms or notable inflammatory responses to cause primary pneumonic plague. The plasminogen activator protease (Pla) is a critical Y. pestis virulence factor that is important for early bacterial growth in the lung via an unknown mechanism. In this article, we define a dual role for Pla in the initial stages of pulmonary infection. We show that Pla functions as an adhesin independent of its proteolytic function to suppress early neutrophil influx into the lungs, and that Pla enzymatic activity contributes to bacterial resistance to neutrophil-mediated bacterial killing. Our results suggest that the fate of Y. pestis infection of the lung is decided extremely early during infection and that Pla plays a dual role to tilt the balance in favor of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijon K Banerjee
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Samantha D Crane
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Roger D Pechous
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA,Correspondence: Roger D. Pechous, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 4301 W. Markham St., Slot 511, Little Rock, AR 72205 ()
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4
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Krukonis ES, Thomson JJ. Complement evasion mechanisms of the systemic pathogens Yersiniae and Salmonellae. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2598-2620. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Krukonis
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry Detroit MI USA
| | - Joshua J. Thomson
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry Detroit MI USA
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Redundant and Cooperative Roles for Yersinia pestis Yop Effectors in the Inhibition of Human Neutrophil Exocytic Responses Revealed by Gain-of-Function Approach. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00909-19. [PMID: 31871100 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00909-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis causes a rapid, lethal disease referred to as plague. Y. pestis actively inhibits the innate immune system to generate a noninflammatory environment during early stages of infection to promote colonization. The ability of Y. pestis to create this early noninflammatory environment is in part due to the action of seven Yop effector proteins that are directly injected into host cells via a type 3 secretion system (T3SS). While each Yop effector interacts with specific host proteins to inhibit their function, several Yop effectors either target the same host protein or inhibit converging signaling pathways, leading to functional redundancy. Previous work established that Y. pestis uses the T3SS to inhibit neutrophil respiratory burst, phagocytosis, and release of inflammatory cytokines. Here, we show that Y. pestis also inhibits release of granules in a T3SS-dependent manner. Moreover, using a gain-of-function approach, we discovered previously hidden contributions of YpkA and YopJ to inhibition and that cooperative actions by multiple Yop effectors are required to effectively inhibit degranulation. Independent from degranulation, we also show that multiple Yop effectors can inhibit synthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a potent lipid mediator released by neutrophils early during infection to promote inflammation. Together, inhibition of these two arms of the neutrophil response likely contributes to the noninflammatory environment needed for Y. pestis colonization and proliferation.
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6
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Abstract
The human and animal pathogens Yersinia pestis, which causes bubonic and pneumonic plague, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica, which cause gastroenteritis, share a type 3 secretion system which injects effector proteins, Yops, into host cells. This system is critical for virulence of all three pathogens in tissue infection. Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to infected sites and all three pathogens frequently interact with and inject Yops into these cells during tissue infection. Host receptors, serum factors, and bacterial adhesins appear to collaborate to promote neutrophil- Yersinia interactions in tissues. The ability of neutrophils to control infection is mixed depending on the stage of infection and points to the efficiency of Yops and other bacterial factors to mitigate bactericidal effects of neutrophils. Yersinia in close proximity to neutrophils has higher levels of expression from yop promoters, and neutrophils in close proximity to Yersinia express higher levels of pro-survival genes than migrating neutrophils. In infected tissues, YopM increases neutrophil survival and YopH targets a SKAP2/SLP-76 signal transduction pathway. Yet the full impact of these and other Yops and other Yersinia factors on neutrophils in infected tissues has yet to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Mecsas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 136 Harrison Ave, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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7
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Bohn E, Sonnabend M, Klein K, Autenrieth IB. Bacterial adhesion and host cell factors leading to effector protein injection by type III secretion system. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:344-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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8
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Demeure C, Dussurget O, Fiol GM, Le Guern AS, Savin C, Pizarro-Cerdá J. Yersinia pestis and plague: an updated view on evolution, virulence determinants, immune subversion, vaccination and diagnostics. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:202-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Demeure CE, Dussurget O, Mas Fiol G, Le Guern AS, Savin C, Pizarro-Cerdá J. Yersinia pestis and plague: an updated view on evolution, virulence determinants, immune subversion, vaccination, and diagnostics. Genes Immun 2019; 20:357-370. [PMID: 30940874 PMCID: PMC6760536 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plague is a vector-borne disease caused by Yersinia pestis. Transmitted by fleas from rodent reservoirs, Y. pestis emerged <6000 years ago from an enteric bacterial ancestor through events of gene gain and genome reduction. It is a highly remarkable model for the understanding of pathogenic bacteria evolution, and a major concern for public health as highlighted by recent human outbreaks. A complex set of virulence determinants, including the Yersinia outer-membrane proteins (Yops), the broad-range protease Pla, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and iron capture systems play critical roles in the molecular strategies that Y. pestis employs to subvert the human immune system, allowing unrestricted bacterial replication in lymph nodes (bubonic plague) and in lungs (pneumonic plague). Some of these immunogenic proteins as well as the capsular antigen F1 are exploited for diagnostic purposes, which are critical in the context of the rapid onset of death in the absence of antibiotic treatment (less than a week for bubonic plague and <48 h for pneumonic plague). Here, we review recent research advances on Y. pestis evolution, virulence factor function, bacterial strategies to subvert mammalian innate immune responses, vaccination, and problems associated with pneumonic plague diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, F-75724, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Guillem Mas Fiol
- Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, F-75724, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Le Guern
- Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, F-75724, Paris, France
- National Reference Laboratory 'Plague & Other Yersiniosis', Institut Pasteur, F-75724, Paris, France
- World Health Organization Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, F-75724, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Savin
- Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, F-75724, Paris, France
- National Reference Laboratory 'Plague & Other Yersiniosis', Institut Pasteur, F-75724, Paris, France
- World Health Organization Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, F-75724, Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, F-75724, Paris, France.
- National Reference Laboratory 'Plague & Other Yersiniosis', Institut Pasteur, F-75724, Paris, France.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, F-75724, Paris, France.
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Thomson JJ, Plecha SC, Krukonis ES. Ail provides multiple mechanisms of serum resistance to Yersinia pestis. Mol Microbiol 2018; 111:82-95. [PMID: 30260060 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ail, a multifunctional outer membrane protein of Yersinia pestis, confers cell binding, Yop delivery and serum resistance activities. Resistance to complement proteins in serum is critical for the survival of Y. pestis during the septicemic stage of plague infections. Bacteria employ a variety of tactics to evade the complement system, including recruitment of complement regulatory factors, such as factor H, C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and vitronectin (Vn). Y. pestis Ail interacts with the regulatory factors Vn and C4BP, and Ail homologs from Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis recruit factor H. Using co-sedimentation assays, we demonstrate that two surface-exposed amino acids, F80 and F130, are required for the interaction of Y. pestis Ail with Vn, factor H and C4BP. However, although Ail-F80A/F130A fails to interact with these complement regulatory proteins, it still confers 10,000-fold more serum resistance than a Δail strain and prevents C9 polymerization, potentially by directly interfering with MAC assembly. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we further defined this additional mechanism of complement evasion conferred by Ail. Finally, we find that at Y. pestis concentrations reflective of early-stage septicemic plague, Ail weakly recruits Vn and fails to recruit factor H, suggesting that this alternative mechanism of serum resistance may be essential during plague infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Thomson
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sarah C Plecha
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eric S Krukonis
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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11
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Abstract
As a pathogen of plague, Yersinia pestis caused three massive pandemics in history that killed hundreds of millions of people. Yersinia pestis is highly invasive, causing severe septicemia which, if untreated, is usually fatal to its host. To survive in the host and maintain a persistent infection, Yersinia pestis uses several stratagems to evade the innate and the adaptive immune responses. For example, infections with this organism are biphasic, involving an initial "noninflammatory" phase where bacterial replication occurs initially with little inflammation and following by extensive phagocyte influx, inflammatory cytokine production, and considerable tissue destruction, which is called "proinflammatory" phase. In contrast, the host also utilizes its immune system to eliminate the invading bacteria. Neutrophil and macrophage are the first defense against Yersinia pestis invading through phagocytosis and killing. Other innate immune cells also play different roles, such as dendritic cells which help to generate more T helper cells. After several days post infection, the adaptive immune response begins to provide organism-specific protection and has a long-lasting immunological memory. Thus, with the cooperation and collaboration of innate and acquired immunity, the bacterium may be eliminated from the host. The research of Yersinia pestis and host immune systems provides an important topic to understand pathogen-host interaction and consequently develop effective countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Bi
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. Dongdajie, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, China.
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12
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Dudte SC, Hinnebusch BJ, Shannon JG. Characterization of Yersinia pestis Interactions with Human Neutrophils In vitro. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:358. [PMID: 28848716 PMCID: PMC5552669 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative, zoonotic, bacterial pathogen, and the causative agent of plague. The bubonic form of plague occurs subsequent to deposition of bacteria in the skin by the bite of an infected flea. Neutrophils are recruited to the site of infection within the first few hours and interactions between neutrophils and Y. pestis have been demonstrated in vivo. In contrast to macrophages, neutrophils have been considered non-permissive to Y. pestis intracellular survival. Several studies have shown killing of the vast majority of Y. pestis ingested by human neutrophils. However, survival of 10–15% of Y. pestis after phagocytosis by neutrophils is consistently observed. Furthermore, these surviving bacteria eventually replicate within and escape from the neutrophils. We set out to further characterize the interactions between Y. pestis and human neutrophils by (1) determining the effects of known Y. pestis virulence factors on bacterial survival after uptake by neutrophils, (2) examining the mechanisms employed by the neutrophil to kill the majority of intracellular Y. pestis, (3) determining the activation phenotype of Y. pestis-infected neutrophils, and (4) characterizing the Y. pestis-containing phagosome in neutrophils. We infected human neutrophils in vitro with Y. pestis and assayed bacterial survival and uptake. Deletion of the caf1 gene responsible for F1 capsule production resulted in significantly increased uptake of Y. pestis. Surprisingly, while the two-component regulator PhoPQ system is important for survival of Y. pestis within neutrophils, pre-induction of this system prior to infection did not increase bacterial survival. We used an IPTG-inducible mCherry construct to distinguish viable from non-viable intracellular bacteria and determined the association of the Y. pestis-containing phagosome with neutrophil NADPH-oxidase and markers of primary, secondary and tertiary granules. Additionally, we show that inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or Src family kinases increased survival of intracellular bacteria indicating that both ROS and granule-phagosome fusion contribute to neutrophil killing of Y. pestis. The data presented here further our understanding of the Y. pestis neutrophil interactions and suggest the existence of still unknown virulence factors involved in Y. pestis survival within neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Dudte
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthHamilton, MT, United States
| | - B Joseph Hinnebusch
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthHamilton, MT, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Shannon
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthHamilton, MT, United States
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Defining the Ail Ligand-Binding Surface: Hydrophobic Residues in Two Extracellular Loops Mediate Cell and Extracellular Matrix Binding To Facilitate Yop Delivery. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.01047-15. [PMID: 28167671 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01047-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, binds host cells to deliver cytotoxic Yop proteins into the cytoplasm that prevent phagocytosis and generation of proinflammatory cytokines. Ail is an eight-stranded β-barrel outer membrane protein with four extracellular loops that mediates cell binding and resistance to human serum. Following the deletion of each of the four extracellular loops that potentially interact with host cells, the Ail-Δloop 2 and Ail-Δloop 3 mutant proteins had no cell-binding activity while Ail-Δloop 4 maintained cell binding (the Ail-Δloop 1 protein was unstable). Using the codon mutagenesis scheme SWIM (selection without isolation of mutants), we identified individual residues in loops 1, 2, and 3 that contribute to host cell binding. While several residues contributed to the binding of host cells and purified fibronectin and laminin, as well as Yop delivery, three mutations, F80A (loop 2), S128A (loop 3), and F130A (loop 3), produced particularly severe defects in cell binding. Combining these mutations led to an even greater reduction in cell binding and severely impaired Yop delivery with only a slight defect in serum resistance. These findings demonstrate that Y. pestis Ail uses multiple extracellular loops to interact with substrates important for adhesion via polyvalent hydrophobic interactions.
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Role of β1 integrins and bacterial adhesins for Yop injection into leukocytes in Yersinia enterocolitica systemic mouse infection. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 306:77-88. [PMID: 26718660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Injection of Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) into host cells by a type III secretion system is an important immune evasion mechanism of Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye). In this process Ye invasin (Inv) binds directly while Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) binds indirectly via extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to β1 integrins on host cells. Although leukocytes turned out to be an important target of Yop injection by Ye, it was unclear which Ye adhesins and which leukocyte receptors are required for Yop injection. To explain this, we investigated the role of YadA, Inv and β1 integrins for Yop injection into leukocytes and their impact on the course of systemic Ye infection in mice. Ex vivo infection experiments revealed that adhesion of Ye via Inv or YadA is sufficient to promote Yop injection into leukocytes as revealed by a β-lactamase reporter assay. Serum factors inhibit YadA- but not Inv-mediated Yop injection into B and T cells, shifting YadA-mediated Yop injection in the direction of neutrophils and other myeloid cells. Systemic Ye mouse infection experiments demonstrated that YadA is essential for Ye virulence and Yop injection into leukocytes, while Inv is dispensable for virulence and plays only a transient and minor role for Yop injection in the early phase of infection. Ye infection of mice with β1 integrin-depleted leukocytes demonstrated that β1 integrins are dispensable for YadA-mediated Yop injection into leukocytes, but contribute to Inv-mediated Yop injection. Despite reduced Yop injection into leukocytes, β1 integrin-deficient mice exhibited an increased susceptibility for Ye infection, suggesting an important role of β1 integrins in immune defense against Ye. This study demonstrates that Yop injection into leukocytes by Ye is largely mediated by YadA exploiting, as yet unknown, leukocyte receptors.
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Chung LK, Bliska JB. Yersinia versus host immunity: how a pathogen evades or triggers a protective response. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 29:56-62. [PMID: 26638030 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The human pathogenic Yersinia species cause diseases that represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Despite this, specific mechanisms underlying Yersinia pathogenesis and protective host responses remain poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that Yersinia disrupt cell death pathways, perturb inflammatory processes and exploit immune cells to promote disease. The ensuing host responses following Yersinia infection include coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses in an attempt to control bacterial replication. Here, we highlight current advances in our understanding of the interactions between the pathogenic yersiniae and host cells, as well as the protective host responses mobilized to counteract these pathogens. Together, these studies enhance our understanding of Yersinia pathogenesis and highlight the ongoing battle between host and microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawton K Chung
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5120, United States
| | - James B Bliska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5120, United States.
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16
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Keller B, Mühlenkamp M, Deuschle E, Siegfried A, Mössner S, Schade J, Griesinger T, Katava N, Braunsdorf C, Fehrenbacher B, Jiménez‐Soto LF, Schaller M, Haas R, Genth H, Retta SF, Meyer H, Böttcher RT, Zent R, Schütz M, Autenrieth IB, Bohn E. Yersinia enterocolitica
exploits different pathways to accomplish adhesion and toxin injection into host cells. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1179-204. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Keller
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| | - Melanie Mühlenkamp
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| | - Eva Deuschle
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| | - Alexandra Siegfried
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| | - Sara Mössner
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| | - Jessica Schade
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| | - Tanja Griesinger
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| | - Nenad Katava
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| | | | | | | | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Max von Pettenkofer‐Institut Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich Germany
| | - Harald Genth
- Institute of Toxicology Medical School Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Saverio F. Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of Torino Orbassano Italy
| | - Hannelore Meyer
- Max Planck Institut für Biochemie Martinsried Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene Technische Universität München Germany
| | | | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine (Division of Nephrology) Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Monika Schütz
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
- Department of Medicine (Division of Nephrology) Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Ingo B. Autenrieth
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
- German Centre of Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Tübingen Germany
| | - Erwin Bohn
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
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