1
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Salvadori A, Bonanno C, Serpelloni M, McMeeking RM. On the generation of force required for actin-based motility. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18384. [PMID: 39117762 PMCID: PMC11310465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The fundamental question of how forces are generated in a motile cell, a lamellipodium, and a comet tail is the subject of this note. It is now well established that cellular motility results from the polymerization of actin, the most abundant protein in eukaryotic cells, into an interconnected set of filaments. We portray this process in a continuum mechanics framework, claiming that polymerization promotes a mechanical swelling in a narrow zone around the nucleation loci, which ultimately results in cellular or bacterial motility. To this aim, a new paradigm in continuum multi-physics has been designed, departing from the well-known theory of Larché-Cahn chemo-transport-mechanics. In this note, we set up the theory of network growth and compare the outcomes of numerical simulations with experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Salvadori
- The Mechanobiology Research Center, UNIBS, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Bonanno
- The Mechanobiology Research Center, UNIBS, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Serpelloni
- The Mechanobiology Research Center, UNIBS, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert M McMeeking
- The Mechanobiology Research Center, UNIBS, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Materials and Mechanical Engineering Departments, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarbruecken, Germany
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2
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Stuckey PV, Santiago-Tirado FH. Fungal mechanisms of intracellular survival: what can we learn from bacterial pathogens? Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0043422. [PMID: 37506189 PMCID: PMC10501222 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00434-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a major, albeit neglected, public health threat with serious medical and economic burdens globally. With unacceptably high mortality rates, invasive fungal pathogens are responsible for millions of deaths each year, with a steadily increasing incidence primarily in immunocompromised individuals. The poor therapeutic options and rise of antifungal drug resistance pose further challenges in controlling these infections. These fungal pathogens have adapted to survive within mammalian hosts and can establish intracellular niches to promote survival within host immune cells. To do that, they have developed diverse methods to circumvent the innate immune system attack. This includes strategies such as altering their morphology, counteracting macrophage antimicrobial action, and metabolic adaptation. This is reminiscent of how bacterial pathogens have adapted to survive within host cells and cause disease. However, relative to the great deal of information available concerning intracellular bacterial pathogenesis, less is known about the mechanisms fungal pathogens employ. Therefore, here we review our current knowledge and recent advances in our understanding of how fungi can evade and persist within host immune cells. This review will focus on the major fungal pathogens, including Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, among others. As we discover and understand the strategies used by these fungi, similarities with their bacterial counterparts are becoming apparent, hence we can use the abundant information from bacteria to guide our studies in fungi. By understanding these strategies, new lines of research will open that can improve the treatments of these devastating fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V. Stuckey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Felipe H. Santiago-Tirado
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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3
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Radousky YA, Hague MTJ, Fowler S, Paneru E, Codina A, Rugamas C, Hartzog G, Cooper BS, Sullivan W. Distinct Wolbachia localization patterns in oocytes of diverse host species reveal multiple strategies of maternal transmission. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad038. [PMID: 36911919 PMCID: PMC10474932 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A broad array of endosymbionts radiate through host populations via vertical transmission, yet much remains unknown concerning the cellular basis, diversity, and routes underlying this transmission strategy. Here, we address these issues, by examining the cellular distributions of Wolbachia strains that diverged up to 50 million years ago in the oocytes of 18 divergent Drosophila species. This analysis revealed 3 Wolbachia distribution patterns: (1) a tight clustering at the posterior pole plasm (the site of germline formation); (2) a concentration at the posterior pole plasm, but with a significant bacteria population distributed throughout the oocyte; and (3) a distribution throughout the oocyte, with none or very few located at the posterior pole plasm. Examination of this latter class indicates Wolbachia accesses the posterior pole plasm during the interval between late oogenesis and the blastoderm formation. We also find that 1 Wolbachia strain in this class concentrates in the posterior somatic follicle cells that encompass the pole plasm of the developing oocyte. In contrast, strains in which Wolbachia concentrate at the posterior pole plasm generally exhibit no or few Wolbachia in the follicle cells associated with the pole plasm. Taken together, these studies suggest that for some Drosophila species, Wolbachia invade the germline from neighboring somatic follicle cells. Phylogenomic analysis indicates that closely related Wolbachia strains tend to exhibit similar patterns of posterior localization, suggesting that specific localization strategies are a function of Wolbachia-associated factors. Previous studies revealed that endosymbionts rely on 1 of 2 distinct routes of vertical transmission: continuous maintenance in the germline (germline-to-germline) or a more circuitous route via the soma (germline-to-soma-to-germline). Here, we provide compelling evidence that Wolbachia strains infecting Drosophila species maintain the diverse arrays of cellular mechanisms necessary for both of these distinct transmission routes. This characteristic may account for its ability to infect and spread globally through a vast range of host insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonah A Radousky
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Michael T J Hague
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Sommer Fowler
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Eliza Paneru
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Adan Codina
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Cecilia Rugamas
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Grant Hartzog
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Brandon S Cooper
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - William Sullivan
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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4
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Alqassim SS. Functional Mimicry of Eukaryotic Actin Assembly by Pathogen Effector Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911606. [PMID: 36232907 PMCID: PMC9569871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton lies at the heart of many essential cellular processes. There are hundreds of proteins that cells use to control the size and shape of actin cytoskeletal networks. As such, various pathogens utilize different strategies to hijack the infected eukaryotic host actin dynamics for their benefit. These include the control of upstream signaling pathways that lead to actin assembly, control of eukaryotic actin assembly factors, encoding toxins that distort regular actin dynamics, or by encoding effectors that directly interact with and assemble actin filaments. The latter class of effectors is unique in that, quite often, they assemble actin in a straightforward manner using novel sequences, folds, and molecular mechanisms. The study of these mechanisms promises to provide major insights into the fundamental determinants of actin assembly, as well as a deeper understanding of host-pathogen interactions in general, and contribute to therapeutic development efforts targeting their respective pathogens. This review discusses mechanisms and highlights shared and unique features of actin assembly by pathogen effectors that directly bind and assemble actin, focusing on eukaryotic actin nucleator functional mimics Rickettsia Sca2 (formin mimic), Burkholderia BimA (Ena/VASP mimic), and Vibrio VopL (tandem WH2-motif mimic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif S Alqassim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building 14, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Sibanda T, Buys EM. Listeria monocytogenes Pathogenesis: The Role of Stress Adaptation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081522. [PMID: 36013940 PMCID: PMC9416357 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive stress tolerance responses are the driving force behind the survival ability of Listeria monocytogenes in different environmental niches, within foods, and ultimately, the ability to cause human infections. Although the bacterial stress adaptive responses are primarily a necessity for survival in foods and the environment, some aspects of the stress responses are linked to bacterial pathogenesis. Food stress-induced adaptive tolerance responses to acid and osmotic stresses can protect the pathogen against similar stresses in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and, thus, directly aid its virulence potential. Moreover, once in the GIT, the reprogramming of gene expression from the stress survival-related genes to virulence-related genes allows L. monocytogenes to switch from an avirulent to a virulent state. This transition is controlled by two overlapping and interlinked transcriptional networks for general stress response (regulated by Sigma factor B, (SigB)) and virulence (regulated by the positive regulatory factor A (PrfA)). This review explores the current knowledge on the molecular basis of the connection between stress tolerance responses and the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes. The review gives a detailed background on the currently known mechanisms of pathogenesis and stress adaptation. Furthermore, the paper looks at the current literature and theories on the overlaps and connections between the regulatory networks for SigB and PrfA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulani Sibanda
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo P.O. Box AC939, Zimbabwe
| | - Elna M. Buys
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Hill NS, Welch MD. A glycine-rich PE_PGRS protein governs mycobacterial actin-based motility. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3608. [PMID: 35750685 PMCID: PMC9232537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many key insights into actin regulation have been derived through examining how microbial pathogens intercept the actin cytoskeleton during infection. Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, polymerizes host actin at the bacterial surface to drive intracellular movement and cell-to-cell spread during infection. However, the mycobacterial factor that commandeers actin polymerization has remained elusive. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the M. marinum actin-based motility factor designated mycobacterial intracellular rockets A (MirA), which is a member of the glycine-rich PE_PGRS protein family. MirA contains an amphipathic helix to anchor into the mycobacterial outer membrane and, surprisingly, also the surface of host lipid droplet organelles. MirA directly binds to and activates the host protein N-WASP to stimulate actin polymerization through the Arp2/3 complex, directing both bacterial and lipid droplet actin-based motility. MirA is dissimilar to known N-WASP activating ligands and may represent a new class of microbial and host actin regulator. Additionally, the MirA-N-WASP interaction represents a model to understand how the enigmatic PE_PGRS proteins contribute to mycobacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert S Hill
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Matthew D Welch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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7
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aVASP boosts protrusive activity of macroendocytic cups and drives phagosome rocketing after internalization. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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8
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Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, Dessaux C, García-del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG, Ortega AD. Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence 2021; 12:2509-2545. [PMID: 34612177 PMCID: PMC8496543 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1975526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, L. monocytogenes constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, Listeria colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven L. monocytogenes to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted Listeria life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic Listeria species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host's gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host-pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Quereda
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Morón-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Charlotte Dessaux
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’. Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro D. Ortega
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Kühn S, Bergqvist J, Gil M, Valenzuela C, Barrio L, Lebreton S, Zurzolo C, Enninga J. Actin Assembly around the Shigella-Containing Vacuole Promotes Successful Infection. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107638. [PMID: 32402280 PMCID: PMC7225751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteroinvasive bacterium Shigella flexneri forces its uptake into non-phagocytic host cells through the translocation of T3SS effectors that subvert the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we report de novo actin polymerization after cellular entry around the bacterium-containing vacuole (BCV) leading to the formation of a dynamic actin cocoon. This cocoon is thicker than any described cellular actin structure and functions as a gatekeeper for the cytosolic access of the pathogen. Host CDC42, TOCA-1, N-WASP, WIP, the Arp2/3 complex, cortactin, coronin, and cofilin are recruited to the actin cocoon. They are subverted by T3SS effectors, such as IpgD, IpgB1, and IcsB. IcsB immobilizes components of the actin polymerization machinery at the BCV dependent on its fatty acyltransferase activity. This represents a unique microbial subversion strategy through localized entrapment of host actin regulators causing massive actin assembly. We propose that the cocoon promotes subsequent invasion steps for successful Shigella infection. A thick actin cocoon forms de novo around the Shigella-containing vacuole upon entry The effector IcsB entraps host actin regulators at the vacuole by lipidation Cdc42, N-WASP, and the Arp2/3 complex are major actin cocoon regulators Cocoon formation promotes subsequent Shigella niche formation and dissemination
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kühn
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS UMR3691, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - John Bergqvist
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS UMR3691, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Magdalena Gil
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS UMR3691, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Camila Valenzuela
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS UMR3691, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laura Barrio
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS UMR3691, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Lebreton
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Membrane Trafficking and Pathogenesis Unit, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Membrane Trafficking and Pathogenesis Unit, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jost Enninga
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS UMR3691, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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10
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Lopes-Luz L, Mendonça M, Bernardes Fogaça M, Kipnis A, Bhunia AK, Bührer-Sékula S. Listeria monocytogenes: review of pathogenesis and virulence determinants-targeted immunological assays. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:647-666. [PMID: 33896354 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1911930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most invasive foodborne pathogens and is responsible for numerous outbreaks worldwide. Most of the methods to detect this bacterium in food require selective enrichment using traditional bacterial culture techniques that can be time-consuming and labour-intensive. Moreover, molecular methods are expensive and need specific technical knowledge. In contrast, immunological approaches are faster, simpler, and user-friendly alternatives and have been developed for the detection of L. monocytogenes in food, environmental, and clinical samples. These techniques are dependent on the constitutive expression of L. monocytogenes antigens and the specificity of the antibodies used. Here, updated knowledge on pathogenesis and the key immunogenic virulence determinants of L. monocytogenes that are used for the generation of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the serological assay development are summarised. In addition, immunological approaches based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, lateral flow immunochromatographic assays, and immunosensors with relevant improvements are highlighted. Though the sensitivity and specificity of the assays were improved significantly, methods still face many challenges that require further validation before use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lopes-Luz
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Mendonça
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brasil
| | | | - André Kipnis
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Samira Bührer-Sékula
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
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11
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Rojas Márquez JD, Li T, McCluggage ARR, Tan JMJ, Muise A, Higgins DE, Brumell JH. Cutting Edge: NOX2 NADPH Oxidase Controls Infection by an Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen through Limiting the Type 1 IFN Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:323-328. [PMID: 33288542 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The NOX2 NADPH oxidase (NOX2) produces reactive oxygen species to kill phagosome-confined bacteria. However, we previously showed that Listeria monocytogenes is able to avoid the NOX2 activity in phagosomes and escape to the cytosol. Thus, despite the established role of NOX2 limiting L. monocytogenes infection in mice, the underlying mechanisms of this antibacterial activity remain unclear. In this article, we report that NOX2 controls systemic L. monocytogenes spread through modulation of the type I IFN response, which is known to be exploited by L. monocytogenes during infection. NOX2 deficiency results in increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes in response to type I IFN and leads to 1) promotion of cell-to-cell spread by L. monocytogenes, 2) defective leukocyte recruitment to infection foci, and 3) production of anti-inflammatory effectors IL-10 and thioredoxin 1. Our findings report a novel antimicrobial role for NOX2 through modulation of type I IFN responses to control bacterial dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taoyingnan Li
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Adam R R McCluggage
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Joel M J Tan
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Aleixo Muise
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; and
| | - Darren E Higgins
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - John H Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.,SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; and
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12
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Kannan S, Balakrishnan J, Govindasamy A. Listeria monocytogens - Amended understanding of its pathogenesis with a complete picture of its membrane vesicles, quorum sensing, biofilm and invasion. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104575. [PMID: 33091581 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous, intracellular foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in animals and humans. Pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes easily adapted to the conditions of human gastrointestinal tract and tolerate the counter changes such as acidity, bile, osmolarity, and antimicrobial peptides. They secrete specialized biologically active extra organ called membrane vesicles which comprises proteins, lipids, and lipopolysaccharides. Listerial vesicles possess functional versatility and play a significant role in pathogenesis by cell-free intercellular communication and toxin packaging. L. monocytogenes can attach promptly and decisively to inert substratum including intestinal mucosa, and forms biofilms and causes detrimental effects. Further, they invade the host cells through quorum sensing (QS) controlled virulence determinants and biofilms. The precise degree to which the bacterium retains the intracellular ambiance of host cells remains unknown. The machinery associated with intracellular survival, and the role of membrane vesicles, quorum sensing, and the Agr system in Listeria monocytogenes largely remains unclear. The current review focused to understand the role of membrane vesicles mediated pathogenesis biofilms, and delivers auxiliary impetus to understanding the potentials of virulence mediated invasion in Listeria monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Kannan
- Central Research Laboratory, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, India.
| | - Jeyakumar Balakrishnan
- Central Research Laboratory, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, India
| | - Ambujam Govindasamy
- Department of General Surgery, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, India
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