1
|
Stephens GS, Park J, Eagle A, You J, Silva-Pérez M, Fu CH, Choi S, Romain CPS, Sugimoto C, Buffington SA, Zheng Y, Costa-Mattioli M, Liu Y, Robison AJ, Chin J. Persistent ∆FosB expression limits recurrent seizure activity and provides neuroprotection in the dentate gyrus of APP mice. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 237:102612. [PMID: 38642602 PMCID: PMC11406539 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent seizures lead to accumulation of the activity-dependent transcription factor ∆FosB in hippocampal dentate granule cells in both mouse models of epilepsy and mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is also associated with increased incidence of seizures. In patients with AD and related mouse models, the degree of ∆FosB accumulation corresponds with increasing severity of cognitive deficits. We previously found that ∆FosB impairs spatial memory in mice by epigenetically regulating expression of target genes such as calbindin that are involved in synaptic plasticity. However, the suppression of calbindin in conditions of neuronal hyperexcitability has been demonstrated to provide neuroprotection to dentate granule cells, indicating that ∆FosB may act over long timescales to coordinate neuroprotective pathways. To test this hypothesis, we used viral-mediated expression of ∆JunD to interfere with ∆FosB signaling over the course of several months in transgenic mice expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP), which exhibit spontaneous seizures and develop AD-related neuropathology and cognitive deficits. Our results demonstrate that persistent ∆FosB activity acts through discrete modes of hippocampal target gene regulation to modulate neuronal excitability, limit recurrent seizure activity, and provide neuroprotection to hippocampal dentate granule cells in APP mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Andrew Eagle
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Jason You
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Chia-Hsuan Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Sumin Choi
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Chiho Sugimoto
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Shelly A Buffington
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Yin Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, USA
| | - A J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Jeannie Chin
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Besin V, Humardani FM, Yulianti T, Justyn M. Genomic profile of Parkinson's disease in Asians. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117682. [PMID: 38016627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) has witnessed an alarming rise in prevalence, highlighting the suboptimal nature of early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. To address this issue, genetic testing has emerged as a potential avenue. In this comprehensive review, we have meticulously summarized the variants associated with PD in Asian populations. Our review reveals that these variants exert their influence on diverse biological pathways, encompassing the autophagy-lysosome pathway, cholesterol metabolism, circadian rhythm regulation, immune system response, and synaptic function. Conventionally, PD has been linked to other diseases; however, our findings shed light on a shared genetic susceptibility among these conditions, implying an underlying pathophysiological mechanism that unifies them. Moreover, it is noteworthy that these PD-associated variants can significantly impact drug responses during therapeutic interventions. This review not only provides a consolidated overview of the genetic variants associated with PD in Asian populations but also contributes novel insights into the intricate relationships between PD and other diseases by elucidating shared genetic components. These findings underscore the importance of personalized approaches in diagnosing and treating PD based on individual genetic profiles to optimize patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentinus Besin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia
| | - Farizky Martriano Humardani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia; Magister in Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65112, Indonesia.
| | - Trilis Yulianti
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Matthew Justyn
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjajaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calabrò M, Rinaldi C, Santoro G, Crisafulli C. The biological pathways of Alzheimer disease: a review. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 8:86-132. [PMID: 33490374 PMCID: PMC7815481 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mainly affecting older people, which severely impairs patients' quality of life. In the recent years, the number of affected individuals has seen a rapid increase. It is estimated that up to 107 million subjects will be affected by 2050 worldwide. Research in this area has revealed a lot about the biological and environmental underpinnings of Alzheimer, especially its correlation with β-Amyloid and Tau related mechanics; however, the precise molecular events and biological pathways behind the disease are yet to be discovered. In this review, we focus our attention on the biological mechanics that may lie behind Alzheimer development. In particular, we briefly describe the genetic elements and discuss about specific biological processes potentially associated with the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pleiotropic effects for Parkin and LRRK2 in leprosy type-1 reactions and Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15616-15624. [PMID: 31308240 PMCID: PMC6681704 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901805116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-1 reactions (T1R) are pathological immune responses in leprosy and a frequent cause of peripheral nerve damage. Employing a candidate gene approach combined with deep resequencing, we identified amino acid mutations in the E3 ligase Parkin and the polyfunctional kinase LRRK2 that were associated with T1R. This finding directly linked both proteins with the extent of the immune response in an infectious disease. Moreover, amino acids associated with T1R mutations were significantly enriched for mutations found in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD). These findings confirm Parkin and LRRK2 as 2 key inflammatory regulators and suggest that T1R and PD share overlapping pathways of pathogenesis. Type-1 reactions (T1R) are pathological inflammatory episodes and main contributors to nerve damage in leprosy. Here, we evaluate the genewise enrichment of rare protein-altering variants in 7 genes where common variants were previously associated with T1R. We selected 474 Vietnamese leprosy patients of which 237 were T1R-affected and 237 were T1R-free matched controls. Genewise enrichment of nonsynonymous variants was tested with both kernel-based (sequence kernel association test [SKAT]) and burden methods. Of the 7 genes tested 2 showed statistical evidence of association with T1R. For the LRRK2 gene an enrichment of nonsynonymous variants was observed in T1R-free controls (PSKAT-O = 1.6 × 10−4). This genewise association was driven almost entirely by the gain-of-function variant R1628P (P = 0.004; odds ratio = 0.29). The second genewise association was found for the Parkin coding gene PRKN (formerly PARK2) where 7 rare variants were enriched in T1R-affected cases (PSKAT-O = 7.4 × 10−5). Mutations in both PRKN and LRRK2 are known causes of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Hence, we evaluated to what extent such rare amino acid changes observed in T1R are shared with PD. We observed that amino acids in Parkin targeted by nonsynonymous T1R-risk mutations were also enriched for mutations implicated in PD (P = 1.5 × 10−4). Hence, neuroinflammation in PD and peripheral nerve damage due to inflammation in T1R share overlapping genetic control of pathogenicity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the last decade over 40 loci have been associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, most studies have either focused on identifying risk loci or performing unbiased screens without a focus on protective variation in AD. Here, we provide a review of known protective variants in AD and their putative mechanisms of action. Additionally, we recommend strategies for finding new protective variants. RECENT FINDINGS Recent Genome-Wide Association Studies have identified both common and rare protective variants associated with AD. These include variants in or near APP, APOE, PLCG2, MS4A, MAPT-KANSL1, RAB10, ABCA1, CCL11, SORL1, NOCT, SCL24A4-RIN3, CASS4, EPHA1, SPPL2A, and NFIC. SUMMARY There are very few protective variants with functional evidence and a derived allele with a frequency below 20%. Additional fine mapping and multi-omic studies are needed to further validate and characterize known variants as well as specialized genome-wide scans to identify novel variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shea J Andrews
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Equal first author
| | - Brian Fulton-Howard
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Equal first author
| | - Alison Goate
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gross JA, Bureau A, Croteau J, Galfalvy H, Oquendo MA, Haghighi F, Mérette C, Giegling I, Hodgkinson C, Goldman D, Rujescu D, Mann JJ, Turecki G. A genome-wide copy number variant study of suicidal behavior. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128369. [PMID: 26010658 PMCID: PMC4444178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide and suicide attempts are complex behaviors that result from the interaction of different factors, including genetic variants that increase the predisposition to suicidal behaviors. Copy number variations (CNVs) are deletions or duplications of a segment of DNA usually larger than one kilobase. These structural genetic changes, although quite rare, have been associated with genetic liability to mental disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. No genome-wide level studies have been published investigating the potential role of CNVs in suicidal behaviors. Based on single-nucleotide polymorphism array data, we followed the Penn-CNV standards to detect CNVs in 1,608 subjects, comprising 475 suicide and suicide attempt cases and 1,133 controls. Although the initial algorithms determined the presence of CNVs on chromosomes 6 and 12 in seven and eight cases, respectively, compared with none of the controls, visual inspection of the raw data did not support this finding. Furthermore we were unable to validate these findings by CNV-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, rare CNV burden analysis did not find an association between the frequency or length of rare CNVs and suicidal behavior in our sample population. Although our findings suggest CNVs do not play an important role in the etiology of suicidal behaviors, they are not inconsistent with the strong evidence from the literature suggesting that other genetic variants account for a portion of the total phenotypic variability in suicidal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Gross
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Bureau
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jordie Croteau
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fatemeh Haghighi
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chantal Mérette
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ina Giegling
- Psychiatric Clinic, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Colin Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Psychiatric Clinic, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - J. John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
An association analysis of the R1628P and G2385R polymorphisms of the LRRK2 gene in multiple system atrophy in a Chinese population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 21:147-9. [PMID: 25511328 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been reported to be responsible for autosomal dominant late-onset sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). The R1628P and G2385R polymorphisms of the LRRK2 gene have been identified as exclusively associated with PD in Asian populations, particularly in Han Chinese population. Considering that there is overlap of the clinical manifestations and pathological characteristics between PD and MSA, we studied the possible associations between R1628P and G2385R polymorphisms of the LRRK2 and MSA in a population of Han Chinese patients. METHODS AND PATIENTS A total of 318 MSA patients and 350 unrelated age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. All subjects were genotyped for R1628P and G2385R using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and direct sequencing. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the genotype distribution and minor allele frequency (MAF) of R1628P between MSA patients and HCs (P = 0.418 and P = 0.424), between MSA-C and HCs (P = 0.347 and P = 0.353), between MSA-P and HCs (P = 0.787 and P = 0.790), and between MSA-C and MSA-P (P = 0.606 and P = 0.610). In addition, no significant differences were also observed in the genotype distribution and MAF of G2385R between MSA patients and HCs (P = 0.141 and P = 0.051), between MSA-C and HCs (P = 0.061 and P = 0.065), between MSA-P and HCs (P = 0.184 and P = 0.158), and between MSA-C and MSA-P (P = 0.354 and P = 0.853). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that R1628P and G2385R polymorphisms of the LRRK2 are not risk factors for MSA in the Han Chinese population.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is assumed that epigenetic modifications are reversible and could potentially be targeted by pharmacological and dietary interventions. Epigenetic drugs are gaining particular interest as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AREAS COVERED This article covers relevant information from over 50 different epigenetic drugs including: DNA methyltransferase inhibitors; histone deacetylase inhibitors; histone acetyltransferase modulators; histone methyltransferase inhibitors; histone demethylase inhibitors; non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) and dietary regimes. The authors also review the pharmacoepigenomics and the pharmacogenomics of epigenetic drugs. The readers will gain insight into i) the classification of epigenetic drugs; ii) the mechanisms by which these drugs might be useful in AD; iii) the pharmacological properties of selected epigenetic drugs; iv) pharmacoepigenomics and the influence of epigenetic drugs on genes encoding CYP enzymes, transporters and nuclear receptors; and v) the genes associated with the pharmacogenomics of anti-dementia drugs. EXPERT OPINION Epigenetic drugs reverse epigenetic changes in gene expression and might open future avenues in AD therapeutics. Unfortunately, clinical trials with this category of drugs are lacking in AD. The authors highlight the need for pharmacogenetic and pharmacoepigenetic studies to properly evaluate any efficacy and safety issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Professor,Camilo José Cela University, Chair of Genomic Medicine , Madrid , Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pchelina SN, Emelyanov AK, Usenko TS. Molecular basis of Parkinsons’s disease linked to LRRK2 mutations. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
10
|
Cacabelos R, Cacabelos P, Torrellas C, Tellado I, Carril JC. Pharmacogenomics of Alzheimer's disease: novel therapeutic strategies for drug development. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:323-556. [PMID: 25150875 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major problem of health and disability, with a relevant economic impact on our society. Despite important advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, its primary causes still remain elusive, accurate biomarkers are not well characterized, and the available pharmacological treatments are not cost-effective. As a complex disorder, AD is a polygenic and multifactorial clinical entity in which hundreds of defective genes distributed across the human genome may contribute to its pathogenesis. Diverse environmental factors, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and epigenetic phenomena, together with structural and functional genomic dysfunctions, lead to amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and premature neuronal death, the major neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Future perspectives for the global management of AD predict that genomics and proteomics may help in the search for reliable biomarkers. In practical terms, the therapeutic response to conventional drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors, multifactorial strategies) is genotype-specific. Genomic factors potentially involved in AD pharmacogenomics include at least five categories of gene clusters: (1) genes associated with disease pathogenesis; (2) genes associated with the mechanism of action of drugs; (3) genes associated with drug metabolism (phase I and II reactions); (4) genes associated with drug transporters; and (5) pleiotropic genes involved in multifaceted cascades and metabolic reactions. The implementation of pharmacogenomic strategies will contribute to optimize drug development and therapeutics in AD and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|