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Xin GD, Liu XY, Fan XD, Zhao GJ. Exosomes repairment for sciatic nerve injury: a cell-free therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:214. [PMID: 39020385 PMCID: PMC11256477 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sciatic nerve injury (SNI) is a common type of peripheral nerve injury typically resulting from trauma, such as contusion, sharp force injuries, drug injections, pelvic fractures, or hip dislocations. It leads to both sensory and motor dysfunctions, characterized by pain, numbness, loss of sensation, muscle atrophy, reduced muscle tone, and limb paralysis. These symptoms can significantly diminish a patient's quality of life. Following SNI, Wallerian degeneration occurs, which activates various signaling pathways, inflammatory factors, and epigenetic regulators. Despite the availability of several surgical and nonsurgical treatments, their effectiveness remains suboptimal. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, originating from the endoplasmic reticulum. They play a crucial role in facilitating intercellular communication and have emerged as highly promising vehicles for drug delivery. Increasing evidence supports the significant potential of exosomes in repairing SNI. This review delves into the pathological progression of SNI, techniques for generating exosomes, the molecular mechanisms behind SNI recovery with exosomes, the effectiveness of combining exosomes with other approaches for SNI repair, and the changes and future outlook for utilizing exosomes in SNI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Da Xin
- Nephrology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- Cardiology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin Universit, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Xiao-Di Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Guan-Jie Zhao
- Nephrology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China.
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Liu X, Hu Z, Huang Y, Hu L, Lu J, Chen M, Xue H, Ma S, Wan J, Hu J. Advances in novel biomaterials combined with traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation technology in treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1421772. [PMID: 38938781 PMCID: PMC11208681 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1421772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) represent one of the primary neuropathies leading to lifelong disability. Nerve regeneration and targeted muscle atrophy stand as the two most crucial factors influencing functional rehabilitation post peripheral nerve injury. Over time, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) rehabilitation approaches such as acupuncture, Tuina, and microneedles serve as pivot means to activate the regeneration of injured nerve Schwann cells. By promoting axon regeneration, these approaches can accomplish nerve repair, reconstruction, and functional rehabilitation. Although TCM rehabilitation approaches have clinically demonstrated effectiveness in promoting the repair and regeneration of PNI, the related molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This significantly hampers the application and promotion of TCM rehabilitation in PNI recovery. Therefore, deeply delving into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of TCM rehabilitation technologies to foster nerve regeneration stands as the most pressing issue. On the other hand, in recent years, novel biomaterials represented by hydrogels, microfluidic platforms, and new chitosan scaffolds have showed their unique roles in treating various degrees of nerve injury. These methods exhibit immense potential in conducting high-throughput cell and organoid culture in vitro and synthesizing diverse tissue engineering scaffolds and drug carriers. We believe that the combination of TCM rehabilitation technology and novel biomaterials can more effectively address precise treatment issues such as identification of treatment target and dosage control. Therefore, this paper not only summarizes the molecular mechanisms of TCM rehabilitation technology and novel biomaterials in treating peripheral nerve injury individually, but also explores the research direction of precise treatment by integrating the two at both macro and micro levels. Such integration may facilitate the exploration of cellular and molecular mechanisms related to neurodegeneration and regeneration, providing a scientific and theoretical foundation for the precise functional rehabilitation of PNI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Liu
- The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zekai Hu
- The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Huang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lelun Hu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinnuo Lu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengning Chen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Xue
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujie Ma
- The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wan
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Acupuncture, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Hu
- The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Zhu Y, Yi D, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li M, Ma J, Ji Y, Peng J, Wang Y, Luo Y. Harnessing three-dimensional porous chitosan microsphere embedded with adipose-derived stem cells to promote nerve regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:158. [PMID: 38824568 PMCID: PMC11144330 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve guide conduits are a promising strategy for reconstructing peripheral nerve defects. Improving the survival rate of seed cells in nerve conduits is still a challenge and microcarriers are an excellent three-dimensional (3D) culture scaffold. Here, we investigate the effect of the 3D culture of microcarriers on the biological characteristics of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan nerve conduits filled with microcarriers loaded with ADSCs in repairing nerve defects. METHODS In vitro, we prepared porous chitosan microspheres by a modified emulsion cross-linking method for loading ADSCs and evaluated the growth status and function of ADSCs. In vivo, ADSCs-loaded microcarriers were injected into chitosan nerve conduits to repair a 12 mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. RESULTS Compared to the conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture, the prepared microcarriers were more conducive to the proliferation, migration, and secretion of trophic factors of ADSCs. In addition, gait analysis, neuro-electrophysiology, and histological evaluation of nerves and muscles showed that the ADSC microcarrier-loaded nerve conduits were more effective in improving nerve regeneration. CONCLUSIONS The ADSCs-loaded chitosan porous microcarrier prepared in this study has a high cell engraftment rate and good potential for peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yongyi Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- No.962 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Harbin, China
| | - Molin Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yongjiao Ji
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuexiang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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4
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Zhang F, Wu X, Li Q, Ma B, Zhang M, Zhang W, Kou Y. Dual growth factor methacrylic alginate microgels combined with chitosan-based conduits facilitate peripheral nerve repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131594. [PMID: 38621568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Treating severe peripheral nerve injuries is difficult. Nerve repair with conduit small gap tubulization is a treatment option but still needs to be improved. This study aimed to assess the use of microgels containing growth factors, along with chitosan-based conduits, for repairing nerves. Using the water-oil emulsion technique, microgels of methacrylic alginate (AlgMA) that contained vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were prepared. The effects on rat Schwann cells (RSC96) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated. Chitosan-based conduits were fabricated and used in conjunction with microgels containing two growth factors to treat complete neurotmesis in rats. The results showed that the utilization of dual growth factor microgels improved the migration and decreased the apoptosis of RSC96 cells while promoting the growth and formation of tubes in HUVECs. The utilization of dual growth factor microgels and chitosan-based conduits resulted in notable advancements in the regeneration and myelination of nerve fibers, recovery of neurons, alleviation of muscle atrophy and recovery of neuromotor function and nerve conduction. In conclusion, the use of dual growth factor AlgMA microgels in combination with chitosan-based conduits has the potential to significantly improve the effectiveness of nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qicheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of teaching and research, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuhui Kou
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Laboratory of Trauma and Nerve Regeneration, Beijing 100044, China.
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5
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Zhang F, Ma B, Li Q, Zhang M, Kou Y. Chitin Conduits with Different Inner Diameters at Both Ends Combined with Dual Growth Factor Hydrogels Promote Nerve Transposition Repair in Rats. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:442. [PMID: 37754856 PMCID: PMC10532167 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe peripheral nerve injuries, such as deficits over long distances or proximal nerve trunk injuries, pose complex reconstruction challenges that often result in unfavorable outcomes. Innovative techniques, such as nerve transposition repair with conduit suturing, can be employed to successfully treat severe peripheral nerve damage. However, cylindrical nerve guides are typically unsuitable for nerve transposition repair. Furthermore, angiogenic and neurotrophic factors are necessary to stimulate the emergence of axonal lateral sprouts, proximal growth, and the rehabilitation of neuron structures and functions. In the current study, we used chitosan to make chitin conduits with different inner diameters at both ends, combined with gelatin methacrylate hydrogels that can continuously release dual growth factors, namely, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the nerve growth factor (NGF), and evaluated its impact on nerve transposition repair in rats. At 16 weeks after the operation, our findings showed that the conduit combined with the dual growth factor hydrogel significantly improved the restoration of both motor and conduction functions of the nerve. In addition, histological analysis showed significant recovery of nerve fibers, target muscles, and neurons. In conclusion, the combination of chitin conduits with different inner diameters and dual growth factor hydrogels can significantly improve the effect of nerve transposition repair, which has important potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (F.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (F.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qicheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (F.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (F.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yuhui Kou
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (F.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
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6
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Jiang Y, Tang X, Li T, Ling J, Yang Y. The success of biomaterial-based tissue engineering strategies for peripheral nerve regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1039777. [PMID: 36329703 PMCID: PMC9622790 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1039777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a clinically common injury that causes sensory dysfunction and locomotor system degeneration, which seriously affects the quality of the patients’ daily life. Long gapped defects in large nerve are difficult to repair via surgery and limited donor source of autologous nerve greatly challenges the successful nerve repair by transplantation. Significantly, remarkable progress has been made in repairing the peripheral nerve injury using artificial nerve grafts and a variety of products for peripheral nerve repair have emerged been approved globally in recent years. The raw materials of these commercial products includes natural/synthetic polymers, extracellular matrix. Despite a lot of effort, the desirable functional recovery still remains great challenges in long gapped nerve defects. Thus this review discusses the recent development of tissue engineering products for peripheral nerve repair and the design of bionic grafts improving the local microenvironment for accelerating nerve regeneration against locomotor disorder, which may provide potential strategies for the repair of long gaps or thick nerve defects by multifunctional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Jiang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Jue Ling, ; Yumin Yang,
| | - Yumin Yang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Jue Ling, ; Yumin Yang,
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7
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Li C, Liu SY, Zhang M, Pi W, Wang B, Li QC, Lu CF, Zhang PX. Sustained release of exosomes loaded into polydopamine-modified chitin conduits promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2050-2057. [PMID: 35142696 PMCID: PMC8848592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are of therapeutic interest because of their important role in intracellular communication and biological regulation. On the basis of previously studied nerve conduits, we designed a polydopamine-modified chitin conduit loaded with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes that release the exosomes in a sustained and stable manner. In vitro experiments revealed that rat mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes enhanced Schwann cell proliferation and secretion of neurotrophic and growth factors, increased the expression of Jun and Sox2 genes, decreased the expression of Mbp and Krox20 genes in Schwann cells, and reprogrammed Schwann cells to a repair phenotype. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promoted neurite growth of dorsal root ganglia. The polydopamine-modified chitin conduits loaded with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were used to bridge 2 mm rat sciatic nerve defects. Sustained release of exosomes greatly accelerated nerve healing and improved nerve function. These findings confirm that sustained release of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded into polydopamine-modified chitin conduits promotes the functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Pi
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Feng Lu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
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8
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Li X, Guan Y, Li C, Zhang T, Meng F, Zhang J, Li J, Chen S, Wang Q, Wang Y, Peng J, Tang J. Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells in peripheral nerve injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:18. [PMID: 35033187 PMCID: PMC8760713 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various immune cells and cytokines are present in the aftermath of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI), and coordination of the local inflammatory response is of great significance for the recovery of PNI. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory abilities which can accelerate tissue regeneration and attenuate inflammation, but the role of MSCs in the regulation of the local inflammatory microenvironment after PNI has not been widely studied. Here, we summarize the known interactions between MSCs, immune cells, and inflammatory cytokines following PNI with a focus on the immunosuppressive role of MSCs. We also discuss the immunomodulatory potential of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles as a new cell-free treatment for PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Li
- The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,The School of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121099, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Guan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochao Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieyuan Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyang Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,The School of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121099, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinshu Tang
- The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Liu YJ, Chen XF, Zhou LP, Rao F, Zhang DY, Wang YH. A nerve conduit filled with Wnt5a-loaded fibrin hydrogels promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:145-157. [PMID: 34729936 PMCID: PMC8673702 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Peripheral nerve injury is a significant clinical problem with a substantial impact on quality of life, for which no optimal treatment has been found. This study aimed to analyze the effect and mechanism of Wnt5a‐loaded fibrin hydrogel on a 10‐mm rat sciatic nerve defect. Methods The Wnt5a‐loaded fibrin hydrogel was synthesized by mixing a Wnt5a solution with thrombin and fibrinogen solutions. The loading capacity and release profile of Wnt5a‐loaded fibrin hydrogel and the effect of Wnt5a on Schwann cells were evaluated in vitro. We also assessed the in vivo repair status via histological analysis of the regenerative nerve and gastrocnemius muscle, electrophysiological examination, gait analysis, and muscle wet weight. Results We developed a nerve conduit filled with Wnt5a‐loaded fibrin hydrogel (Fn) as a sustained‐release system to repair a 10‐mm rat sciatic nerve defect. In vitro, Wnt5a could promote SC proliferation and the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and cholinergic neurotrophic factor (CNTF), as well as the protein secretion of VEGF and NGF. In vivo, the Wnt5a/Fn group was superior to the hollow, fibrin hydrogel, and Wnt5a groups in terms of axonal growth, myelination, electrophysiological recovery, target organ innervation, and motor function recovery 12 weeks after the operation. Conclusion The Wnt5a/Fn nerve conduit can promote peripheral nerve defect regeneration, with potential clinical applications. The mechanism for this may be the facilitation of multiple neurotrophin secretion, combining vascularization and neurotrophic growth cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Ministry of Education/ Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Rao
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Ministry of Education/ Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Ministry of Education/ Peking University), Beijing, China
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