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Ye S, Cheng Z, Zhuo D, Liu S. Different Types of Cell Death in Diabetic Neuropathy: A Focus on Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8126. [PMID: 39125694 PMCID: PMC11311470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes, affecting over 50% of patients, leading to significant pain and a burden. Currently, there are no effective treatments available. Cell death is considered a key factor in promoting the progression of DN. This article reviews how cell death is initiated in DN, emphasizing the critical roles of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. Additionally, we thoroughly summarize the mechanisms of cell death that may be involved in the pathogenesis of DN, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, among others, as well as potential therapeutic targets offered by these death mechanisms. This provides potential pathways for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Ye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.Y.); (Z.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zilin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.Y.); (Z.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dongye Zhuo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.Y.); (Z.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Arden C, Park SH, Yasasilka XR, Lee EY, Lee MS. Autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction in diabetes and its complications. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00170-X. [PMID: 39054224 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is critical for energy homeostasis and the function of organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Dysregulated autophagy due to aging, environmental factors, or genetic predisposition can be an underlying cause of not only diabetes through β-cell dysfunction and metabolic inflammation, but also diabetic complications such as diabetic kidney diseases (DKDs). Dysfunction of lysosomes, effector organelles of autophagic degradation, due to metabolic stress or nutrients/metabolites accumulating in metabolic diseases is also emerging as a cause or aggravating element in diabetes and its complications. Here, we discuss the etiological role of dysregulated autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction in diabetes and a potential role of autophagy or lysosomal modulation as a new avenue for treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Arden
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Seo H Park
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Xaviera Riani Yasasilka
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Y Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Hou L, Ma J, Feng X, Chen J, Dong BH, Xiao L, Zhang X, Guo B. Caffeic acid and diabetic neuropathy: Investigating protective effects and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-related antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32623. [PMID: 38975173 PMCID: PMC11225750 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) represents a common and debilitating complication of diabetes, affecting a significant proportion of patients. Despite available treatments focusing on symptom management, there remains an unmet need for therapies that address the underlying pathophysiology. In pursuit of novel interventions, this study evaluated the therapeutic effects of caffeic acid-a natural phenolic compound prevalent in various foods-on diabetic neuropathy using a mouse model, particularly examining its interaction with the Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. Caffeic acid was administered orally at two dosages (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg), and a comprehensive set of outcomes including fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, sensory behavior, spinal cord oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and components of the IGF-1 signaling cascade were assessed. Additionally, to determine the specific contribution of IGF-1 signaling to the observed benefits, IGF1R inhibitor Picropodophyllin (PPP) was co-administered with caffeic acid. Our results demonstrated that caffeic acid, at both dosages, effectively reduced hyperglycemia and alleviated sensory behavioral deficits in diabetic mice. This was accompanied by a marked decrease in oxidative stress markers and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities within the spinal cord. Significantly lowered microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression highlighted the potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of caffeic acid. Moreover, increases in both serum and spinal levels of IGF-1, along with elevated phosphorylated IGF1R, implicated the IGF-1 signaling pathway as a mediator of caffeic acid's neuroprotective actions. The partial reversal of caffeic acid's benefits by PPP substantiated the pivotal engagement of IGF-1 signaling in mediating its effects. Our findings delineate the capability of caffeic acid to mitigate DN symptoms, particularly through reducing spinal oxidative stress and inflammation, and pinpoint the integral role of IGF-1 signaling in these protective mechanisms. The insights gleaned from this study not only position caffeic acid as a promising dietary adjunct for managing diabetic neuropathy but also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting spinal IGF-1 signaling as part of a strategic treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leina Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- Department of Radiology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xugang Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bu-huai Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Li Z, Cao L, Han K, Fan L, Zhao C, Yin S, Hu H. Non-cytotoxic nanomolar concentration of arctigenin protects neuronal cells from chemotherapy-induced ferroptosis by regulating SLC7A11-cystine-cysteine axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 710:149895. [PMID: 38593620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity is a common side effect of certain types of therapeutic drugs, posing a major hurdle for their clinical application. Accumulating evidence suggests that ferroptosis is involved in the neurotoxicity induced by these drugs. Therefore, targeting ferroptosis is considered to be a reasonable approach to prevent such side effect. Arctigenin (ATG) is a major bioactive ingredient of Arctium lappa L., a popular medicinal plant in Asia, and has been reported to have multiple bioactivities including neuroprotection. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection of ATG has not been well elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the neuroprotection of ATG was associated with its ability to protect neuronal cells from ferroptosis. Using neuronal cell ferroptosis model induced by either classic ferroptosis induces or therapeutic drugs, we demonstrated for the first time that ATG in the nanomolar concentration range effectively prevented neuronal cell ferroptosis induced by classic ferroptosis inducer sulfasalazine (SAS) and erastin (Era), or therapeutic drug oxaliplatin (OXA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Mechanistically, we uncovered that the anti-ferroptotic effect of ATG was attributed to its ability to activate SLC7A11-cystine-cysteine axis. The findings of the present study implicate that ATG holds great potential to be developed as a novel agent for preventing SLC7A11 inhibition-mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lixing Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kai Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Chong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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Ni B, Xiao Y, Wei R, Liu W, Zhu L, Liu Y, Ruan Z, Li J, Wang S, Zhao J, Huang W. Qufeng tongluo decoction decreased proteinuria in diabetic mice by protecting podocytes via promoting autophagy. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:312-320. [PMID: 38707926 PMCID: PMC11068988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of diabetic complications, which has become the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. In addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker(ACEI/ARB) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an effective alternative treatment for DKD. In this study, the effect of Qufeng Tongluo (QFTL) decoction in decreasing proteinuria has been observed and its mechanism has been explored based on autophagy regulation in podocyte. Methods In vivo study, db/db mice were used as diabetes model and db/m mice as blank control. Db/db mice were treated with QFTL decoction, rapamycin, QFTL + 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), trehalose, chloroquine (CQ) and QFTL + CQ. Mice urinary albumin/creatinine (UACR), nephrin and autophagy related proteins (LC3 and p62) in kidney tissue were detected after intervention of 9 weeks. Transcriptomics was operated with the kidney tissue from model group and QFTL group. In vitro study, mouse podocyte clone-5 (MPC-5) cells were stimulated with hyperglycemic media (30 mmol/L glucose) or cultured with normal media. High-glucose-stimulated MPC-5 cells were treated with QFTL freeze-drying powder, rapamycin, CQ, trehalose, QFTL+3-MA and QFTL + CQ. Cytoskeletal actin, nephrin, ATG-5, ATG-7, Beclin-1, cathepsin L and cathepsin B were assessed. mRFP-GFP-LC3 was established by stubRFP-sensGFP-LC3 lentivirus transfection. Results QFTL decoction decreased the UACR and increased the nephrin level in kidney tissue and high-glucose-stimulated podocytes. Autophagy inhibitors, including 3-MA and chloroquine blocked the effects of QFTL decoction. Further study showed that QFTL decoction increased the LC3 expression and relieved p62 accumulation in podocytes of db/db mice. In high-glucose-stimulated MPC-5 cells, QFTL decoction rescued the inhibited LC3 and promoted the expression of ATG-5, ATG-7, and Beclin-1, while had no effect on the activity of cathepsin L and cathepsin B. Results of transcriptomics also showed that 51 autophagy related genes were regulated by QFTL decoction, including the genes of ATG10, SCOC, ATG4C, AMPK catalytic subunit, PI3K catalytic subunit, ATG3 and DRAM2. Conclusion QFTL decoction decreased proteinuria and protected podocytes in db/db mice by regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Ni
- Section II of Endocrinology & Nephropathy Department, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’ Anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Nephropathy Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruojun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Section II of Endocrinology & Nephropathy Department, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Section II of Endocrinology & Nephropathy Department, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Ruan
- Section II of Endocrinology & Nephropathy Department, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamu Li
- Section II of Endocrinology & Nephropathy Department, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shidong Wang
- Section II of Endocrinology & Nephropathy Department, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Zhao
- Section II of Endocrinology & Nephropathy Department, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Liu F, Zhao L, Wu T, Yu W, Li J, Wang W, Huang C, Diao Z, Xu Y. Targeting autophagy with natural products as a potential therapeutic approach for diabetic microangiopathy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364616. [PMID: 38659578 PMCID: PMC11039818 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As the quality of life improves, the incidence of diabetes mellitus and its microvascular complications (DMC) continues to increase, posing a threat to people's health and wellbeing. Given the limitations of existing treatment, there is an urgent need for novel approaches to prevent and treat DMC. Autophagy, a pivotal mechanism governing metabolic regulation in organisms, facilitates the removal of dysfunctional proteins and organelles, thereby sustaining cellular homeostasis and energy generation. Anomalous states in pancreatic β-cells, podocytes, Müller cells, cardiomyocytes, and Schwann cells in DMC are closely linked to autophagic dysregulation. Natural products have the property of being multi-targeted and can affect autophagy and hence DMC progression in terms of nutrient perception, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This review consolidates recent advancements in understanding DMC pathogenesis via autophagy and proposes novel perspectives on treating DMC by either stimulating or inhibiting autophagy using natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhao Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jixin Li
- Xi yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenru Wang
- Xi yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihao Diao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Liu S, He Y, Feng M, Huang Y, Wu W, Wang J. Targeted Delivery of Arctigenin Using Sialic Acid Conjugate-Modified Liposomes for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:278. [PMID: 38202860 PMCID: PMC10781120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Arctigenin (ATG) is a broad-spectrum antitumor drug with an excellent inhibitory effect on malignant tumors such as breast cancer, glioblastoma, liver cancer, and colon cancer. However, the clinical application of ATG is limited by its poor water solubility and quick hydrolysis in the liver, intestine, and plasma, which might hinder its application. Sialic acid (SA) recognizes selectin receptors overexpressed on the surface of tumor-associated macrophages. In this study, SA was conjugated with octadecylamine (ODA) to prepare SA-ODA, which was employed to prepare SA functionalized nanoliposomes (SA-Lip) to achieve breast cancer targeting. The formulations were finely optimized using the Box-Behnken design to achieve higher ATG loading. The size, ζ potential, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and release behavior of ATG@SA-Lip were fully investigated in comparison with conventional ATG@Lip. The ATG@SA-Lip displayed more potent cytotoxicity and higher cellular internalization compared to ATG@Sol and ATG@Lip in both MCF7 and 4T1 cells. Notably, ATG@SA-Lip showed the lowest impact on the immune system. Our study demonstrates that SA-Lip has strong potential as a delivery system for the targeted delivery of ATG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Center for New Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.F.); (Y.H.)
- Guangdong High Education Institutes Engineering Research Center of Modified-Released Pharmaceutical Products, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaozhen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Center for New Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.F.); (Y.H.)
- Guangdong High Education Institutes Engineering Research Center of Modified-Released Pharmaceutical Products, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minding Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Center for New Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.F.); (Y.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongtong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Center for New Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.F.); (Y.H.)
- Guangdong High Education Institutes Engineering Research Center of Modified-Released Pharmaceutical Products, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Center for New Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.F.); (Y.H.)
- Guangdong High Education Institutes Engineering Research Center of Modified-Released Pharmaceutical Products, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Center for New Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.F.); (Y.H.)
- Guangdong High Education Institutes Engineering Research Center of Modified-Released Pharmaceutical Products, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Luo N, Wang Y, Ma Y, Liu Y, Liu Z. Melatonin alleviates renal injury in diabetic rats by regulating autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:214. [PMID: 37772370 PMCID: PMC10552076 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a biologically active indoleamine involved in regulating various biological rhythms, which is deficient in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. The present study examined the effects of MLT on diabetic neuropathy (DN). Diabetic rats received MLT treatment for 12 weeks, after which changes in kidney histology, oxidative damage, mitochondrial morphology and autophagy were measured. The glucose tolerance‑ and isoflurane tolerance‑area under the curve (AUC) values and the relative renal weight index (RI) in the diabetes mellitus (DM) group of rats were significantly higher compared with those in the control group. A significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and decreases in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px) and GSH were demonstrated in the kidneys of DM rats compared with those in the control rats. Histological staining of DM rat kidney tissue with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichome and Periodic acid‑Schiff demonstrated glomerular and tubule lesions, and an increase in collagen compared with control rats. Protein expression levels of LC3II, P62, collagen IV (COL‑IV) and α‑SMA were increased in DM rats and HG‑induced NRK‑52E cells compared with those in the control groups. Phosphorylation of AMPK was reduced, whereas phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR were increased in vivo and in vitro. Notably, MLT treatment significantly reduced glucose tolerance‑AUC and RI, decreased MDA content, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH‑Px and GSH activity. Glomerular and tubule lesions improved, collagen was decreased and mitochondrial damage was alleviated by MLT treatment. MLT treatment also decreased the protein expression levels of LC3II, P62 and COL‑IV, whereas the phosphorylation of AMPK was significantly increased, which inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in vivo and in vitro. These results demonstrated that MLT protects against DN and NRK‑52E cell injury through inhibiting oxidative damage and regulating autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
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