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Spatz DR, Young LC, Holmes ND, Jones HP, VanderWerf EA, Lyons DE, Kress S, Miskelly CM, Taylor GA. Tracking the global application of conservation translocation and social attraction to reverse seabird declines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214574120. [PMID: 37036988 PMCID: PMC10120044 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214574120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The global loss of biodiversity has inspired actions to restore nature across the planet. Translocation and social attraction actions deliberately move or lure a target species to a restoration site to reintroduce or augment populations and enhance biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. Given limited conservation funding and rapidly accelerating extinction trajectories, tracking progress of these interventions can inform best practices and advance management outcomes. Seabirds are globally threatened and commonly targeted for translocation and social attraction ("active seabird restoration"), yet no framework exists for tracking these efforts nor informing best practices. This study addresses this gap for conservation decision makers responsible for seabirds and coastal management. We systematically reviewed active seabird restoration projects worldwide and collated results into a publicly accessible Seabird Restoration Database. We describe global restoration trends, apply a systematic process to measure success rates and response times since implementation, and examine global factors influencing outcomes. The database contains 851 active restoration events in 551 locations targeting 138 seabird species; 16% of events targeted globally threatened taxa. Visitation occurred in 80% of events and breeding occurred in 76%, on average 2 y after implementation began (SD = 3.2 y). Outcomes varied by taxonomy, with the highest and quickest breeding response rates for Charadriiformes (terns, gulls, and auks), primarily with social attraction. Given delayed and variable response times to active restoration, 5 y is appropriate before evaluating outcomes. The database and results serve as a model for tracking and evaluating restoration outcomes, and is applicable to measuring conservation interventions for additional threatened taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Holly P. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL60115
- Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL60115
| | | | - Donald E. Lyons
- National Audubon Society, Seabird Institute, Bremen, ME04551
| | - Stephen Kress
- National Audubon Society, Seabird Institute, Bremen, ME04551
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY14850
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2
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Rodríguez B, Suárez‐Pérez A, Méndez C, Acosta Y, Rodríguez A. Numbers of seabirds attracted to artificial lights should not be the only indicator of population trends. Anim Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Rodríguez
- Canary Islands' Ornithology and Natural History Group (GOHNIC) Buenavista del Norte Canary Islands Spain
| | - A. Suárez‐Pérez
- La Tahonilla Wildlife Rehabilitation Center Cabildo de Tenerife La Laguna Canary Islands Spain
| | - C. Méndez
- La Tahonilla Wildlife Rehabilitation Center Cabildo de Tenerife La Laguna Canary Islands Spain
| | - Y. Acosta
- Delegación Territorial de Canarias Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife) La Laguna Canary Islands Spain
| | - A. Rodríguez
- Canary Islands' Ornithology and Natural History Group (GOHNIC) Buenavista del Norte Canary Islands Spain
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG‐UAM), Department of Ecology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
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3
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Kawakami K, Horikoshi K. Recovery or change? Differences between in seabird fauna in island ecosystems before alien mammal disturbance and after alien mammal eradication. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Kawakami
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8687 Japan
| | - Kazuo Horikoshi
- Institute of Boninology Nishimachi, Chichijima, Ogasawara Tokyo 100‐2101 Japan
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4
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Introduced predators and nest competitors shape distribution and breeding performance of seabirds: feral pigeons as a new threat. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPetrels are particularly sensitive to predation by introduced species. Many populations have reduced their breeding ranges, currently mainly occupying predator-free sites. Breeding range reduction leads to interspecific competition for nesting sites, which can be detrimental to petrels. Here, we evaluate how the presence of introduced mammals (cats Felis catus and rats Rattus spp.) and potential competitors for nest sites (Cory’s shearwaters Calonectris borealis and feral rock pigeons Columba livia) shape the distribution, breeding density, and breeding performance of Bulwer’s petrel Bulweria bulwerii on Tenerife, the largest and most densely human populated of the Canary Islands. We estimated nest density, assessed the role of nest location and physical characteristics of nests on breeding success, and determined causes of breeding failure by introduced predators and competitors. Nest density was higher in predator-free colonies on marine rocks. Cat presence was the best predictor of nest density, but it was not correlated with either presence or abundance of competitors. Breeding success varied between years and colonies but was not related to nest characteristics. Pigeon competition for nests was the most frequent cause of breeding failure (7.3%), followed by rat predation (6.3%). We also compared petrel and pigeon nest cavities and found considerable overlap in the physical size of nest sites. Our study provides insights into an overlooked impact of the invasive rock pigeon: nest competition with small seabirds. We encourage more research on the effects of pigeons on nest density, as well as disease and pathogen transmission, and vegetation changes within seabird colonies.
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Ulises B, Marcela L, Lida P, Ignacio FN, Silvia CB, Francisco Z, Ignacio D, Soraya A, Rodrigo I, Joaquín C, Andrea RR. Status of breeding birds at Observatorio and Goffré Islands, Argentina. Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Hart LA, Olivier I, Gane J, Downs CT, Brown M. Time heals: Boosted breeding seabird populations on restored Cousine Island, Seychelles. Afr J Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorinda A. Hart
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg South Africa
- Department of Environmental Science University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia
| | - Iain Olivier
- Cousine Island Conservation Management Seychelles
| | - Julie Gane
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg South Africa
- Cousine Island Conservation Management Seychelles
| | - Colleen T. Downs
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg South Africa
| | - Mark Brown
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg South Africa
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Lévêque L, Buettel JC, Carver S, Brook BW. Characterizing the spatio-temporal threats, conservation hotspots and conservation gaps for the most extinction-prone bird family (Aves: Rallidae). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210262. [PMID: 34527269 PMCID: PMC8424349 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With thousands of vertebrate species now threatened with extinction, there is an urgent need to understand and mitigate the causes of wildlife collapse. Rails (Aves: Rallidae), being the most extinction-prone bird family globally, and with one-third of extant rail species now threatened or near threatened, are an emphatic case in point. Here, we undertook a global synthesis of the temporal and spatial threat patterns for Rallidae and determined conservation priorities and gaps. We found two key pathways in the threat pattern for rails. One follows the same trajectory as extinct rails, where island endemic and flightless rails are most threatened, mainly due to invasive predators. The second, created by the diversification of anthropogenic activities, involves continental rails, threatened mainly by agriculture, natural system modifications, and residential and commercial development. Indonesia, the USA, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Cuba were the priority countries identified by our framework incorporating species' uniqueness and the level of endangerment, but also among the countries that lack conservation actions the most. Future efforts should predominantly target improvements in ecosystem protection and management, as well as ongoing research and monitoring. Forecasting the impacts of climate change on island endemic rails will be particularly valuable to protect rails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Lévêque
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Jessie C Buettel
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), Australia
| | - Scott Carver
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Barry W Brook
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), Australia
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8
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Carle RD, Fleishman AB, Varela T, Manríquez Angulo P, De Rodt G, Hodum P, Colodro V, López V, Gutiérrez-Guzmán H. Introduced and native vertebrates in pink-footed shearwater (Ardenna creatopus) breeding colonies in Chile. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254416. [PMID: 34324511 PMCID: PMC8321096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation planning requires accurate, current information about species status and threats. Although introduced mammals are the greatest threat to seabirds globally, data on introduced species is lacking for many seabird breeding islands. To inform conservation planning, we used trail cameras to document the presence, relative abundance, and seasonal and diel attendance of introduced and native vertebrates within pink-footed shearwater (Ardenna creatopus) breeding colonies on Isla Mocha (five colonies, 2015-2020) and Isla Robinson Crusoe (Juan Fernández Archipelago), Chile (one colony, 2019-2020). The most commonly detected species were pink-footed shearwaters and introduced rats (Rattus spp.) on Isla Mocha, and European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and pink-footed shearwaters on Isla Robinson Crusoe. Introduced mammals observed, in order of greatest catch-per-unit-effort, were rats, cats (Felis catus), dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and European hares (Lepus europaeus) on Isla Mocha and European rabbits, cats, cattle (Bos taurus), rats, dogs, mice (Mus musculus), and southern coati (Nasua nasua) on Isla Robinson Crusoe. Especially noteworthy results for pink-footed shearwater conservation were the presence of cats during all monitoring months in shearwater colonies on both islands, that catch-per-unit-effort of rabbits was greater than shearwaters on Isla Robinson Crusoe, and that rats were the most observed vertebrates after shearwaters on Isla Mocha. Pink-footed shearwaters were regularly present on the islands from October through May. Presence and relative catch-per-unit-effort of pink-footed shearwaters qualitatively matched the species' known breeding phenology. The regular presence and temporal overlap with shearwaters of cats, rats, rabbits, and cattle within shearwater colonies, coupled with the irregular presence of dogs, coati, hares, and mice, indicated a serious conservation threat for pink-footed shearwaters and other native insular fauna and flora. Finally, our study provides a widely applicable model for analysis of multi-year trail camera data collected with unstandardized settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan David Carle
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, San Juan Bautista, Robinson Crusoe Island, Valparaíso Region, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Abram B. Fleishman
- Conservation Metrics, Inc., Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Tiare Varela
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, San Juan Bautista, Robinson Crusoe Island, Valparaíso Region, Chile
| | - Pablo Manríquez Angulo
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, San Juan Bautista, Robinson Crusoe Island, Valparaíso Region, Chile
| | - Guillermo De Rodt
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, San Juan Bautista, Robinson Crusoe Island, Valparaíso Region, Chile
| | - Peter Hodum
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, San Juan Bautista, Robinson Crusoe Island, Valparaíso Region, Chile
- University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Valentina Colodro
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, San Juan Bautista, Robinson Crusoe Island, Valparaíso Region, Chile
| | - Verónica López
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, San Juan Bautista, Robinson Crusoe Island, Valparaíso Region, Chile
| | - Héctor Gutiérrez-Guzmán
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, San Juan Bautista, Robinson Crusoe Island, Valparaíso Region, Chile
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9
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Dueñas MA, Hemming DJ, Roberts A, Diaz-Soltero H. The threat of invasive species to IUCN-listed critically endangered species: A systematic review. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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10
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Braun de Torrez EC, Frock CF, Boone WW, Sovie AR, McCleery RA. Seasick: Why Value Ecosystems Severely Threatened by Sea-Level Rise? ESTUARIES AND COASTS : JOURNAL OF THE ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION 2020; 44:899-910. [PMID: 33100935 PMCID: PMC7568938 DOI: 10.1007/s12237-020-00850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will alter natural areas on a global scale within the next century. In areas vulnerable to climate change, scientists are regularly challenged to justify the resources needed for research and conservation. We face what may seem like a losing battle, especially in low-lying coastal areas where sea-level rise is predicted to severely degrade or destroy many ecosystems. Using sea-level rise in the low-elevation state of Florida, USA, as a case study, we argue that it is critical to remain engaged in the research, restoration, and conservation of natural areas threatened by climate change for as long as possible. These areas will continue to provide invaluable ecological and societal benefits. Additionally, uncertainty surrounding climate change forecasts and their ecological impact leaves room for optimism, research, and actions that are necessary for developing adaptation plans and mitigating further sea-level rise and other consequences of climate change. We urge scientists and particularly students beginning their careers not to forego research and conservation efforts of these imperiled lands but to face this unprecedented challenge with determination, creativity, and solution-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Braun de Torrez
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430 USA
| | - Catherine F. Frock
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430 USA
| | - Wesley W. Boone
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430 USA
| | - Adia R. Sovie
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430 USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture Food and the Environment, Thomas Poe Cooper Building, 730 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40546 USA
| | - Robert A. McCleery
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430 USA
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11
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Ingraham LR, Oswald SA, Son E, Arnold JM. Opportunistic predation of birds by breeding Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239180. [PMID: 33057336 PMCID: PMC7561145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary specialization, exploiting a small fraction of available food resources, is commonly reported for gulls and skuas. Predation of birds by these species is usually considered a specialist strategy employed by the minority of the population but non-specialists also predate birds and may actually have a greater impact on the prey species. To date, most studies have focused on predatory bird-specialists, down-playing the possible importance of opportunistic predation by non-specialists. We addressed this by studying diet (regurgitated pellets and prey remains) and behavior of breeding Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) over three summers at Gull Island, a mixed-species breeding colony in Lake Ontario. One-third of all pellets analyzed contained bird remains, primarily the most numerous breeding bird: Ring-billed Gull (L. delawarensis) chicks (51%) and adults (36%). Although all but one pair of Herring Gulls ate birds, all pairs maintained broad and mostly similar diets, with birds accounting for at most one-third of prey. Behavior also indicated that Herring Gulls at Gull Island were not predatory bird-specialists because predation was too infrequent to meet energetic requirements, was largely unsuccessful and was only ever observed when Ring-billed Gulls strayed into Herring Gull breeding territories. Instead, bird predation appeared mainly opportunistic, increasing with seasonal availability, access to shoreline, proximity to nesting Ring-billed Gulls and breeding territory size. Compared with predatory specialist Herring Gulls in the same region, individuals that predated birds at Gull Island did not display specialist behaviors and killed six times fewer birds (0.1–0.4 per day, on average) but were over 20 times more numerous (98% of the population versus 4%). Thus, our results indicate that opportunistic predation by non-specialists may have important consequences for prey species. Since opportunistic predation cannot be effectively managed using techniques widely advocated for specialist predators, it is essential to investigate cause of predation by large gulls prior to lethal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Ingraham
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Reading, PA, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Oswald
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Reading, PA, United States of America
| | - Eunice Son
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Reading, PA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Arnold
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Reading, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Antaky CC, Conklin EE, Toonen RJ, Knapp IS, Price MR. Unexpectedly high genetic diversity in a rare and endangered seabird in the Hawaiian Archipelago. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8463. [PMID: 32071808 PMCID: PMC7007978 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seabirds in the order of Procellariiformes have one of the highest proportions of threatened species of any avian order. Species undergoing recovery may be predicted to have a genetic signature of a bottleneck, low genetic diversity, or higher rates of inbreeding. The Hawaiian Band-rumped Storm Petrel ('Akē'akē; Hydrobates castro), a long-lived philopatric seabird, suffered massive population declines resulting in its listing under the Endangered Species Act in 2016 as federally Endangered. We used high-throughput sequencing to assess patterns of genetic diversity and potential for inbreeding in remaining populations in the Hawaiian Islands. We compared a total of 24 individuals, including both historical and modern samples, collected from breeding colonies or downed individuals found on the islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawai'i. Genetic analyses revealed little differentiation between breeding colonies on Kaua'i and the Big Island colonies. Although small sample sizes limit inferences regarding other island colonies, downed individuals from O'ahu and Maui did not assign to known breeding colonies, suggesting the existence of an additional distinct breeding population. The maintenance of genetic diversity in future generations is an important consideration for conservation management. This study provides a baseline of population structure for the remaining nesting colonies that could inform potential translocations of the Endangered H. castro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C. Antaky
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Emily E. Conklin
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Kāne‘ohe, HI, USA
| | - Robert J. Toonen
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Kāne‘ohe, HI, USA
| | - Ingrid S.S. Knapp
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Kāne‘ohe, HI, USA
| | - Melissa R. Price
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Orben RA, Fleishman AB, Borker AL, Bridgeland W, Gladics AJ, Porquez J, Sanzenbacher P, Stephensen SW, Swift R, McKown MW, Suryan RM. Comparing imaging, acoustics, and radar to monitor Leach's storm-petrel colonies. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6721. [PMID: 31106046 PMCID: PMC6499055 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seabirds are integral components of marine ecosystems and, with many populations globally threatened, there is a critical need for effective and scalable seabird monitoring strategies. Many seabird species nest in burrows, which can make traditional monitoring methods costly, infeasible, or damaging to nesting habitats. Traditional burrow occupancy surveys, where possible, can occur infrequently and therefore lead to an incomplete understanding of population trends. For example, in Oregon, during the last three decades there have been large changes in the abundance of Leach’s storm-petrels (Hydrobates leucorhoa), which included drastic declines at some colonies. Unfortunately, traditional monitoring failed to capture the timing and magnitude of change, limiting managers’ ability to determine causes of the decline and curtailing management options. New, easily repeatable methods of quantifying relative abundance are needed. For this study, we tested three methods of remote monitoring: passive acoustic monitoring, time-lapse cameras, and radar. Abundance indices derived from acoustics and imagery: call rates, acoustic energy, and counts were significantly related to traditional estimates of burrow occupancy of Leach’s storm-petrels. Due to sampling limitations, we were unable to compare radar to burrow occupancy. Image counts were significantly correlated with all other indices, including radar, while indices derived from acoustics and radar were not correlated. Acoustic data likely reflect different aspects of the population and hold the potential for the further development of indices to disentangle phenology, attendance of breeding birds, and reproductive success. We found that image counts are comparable with standard methods (e.g., radar) in producing annual abundance indices. We recommend that managers consider a sampling scheme that incorporates both acoustics and imaging, but for sites inaccessible to humans, radar remains the sole option. Implementation of acoustic and camera based monitoring programs will provide much needed information for a vulnerable group of seabirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Orben
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Abram B Fleishman
- Conservation Metrics, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Abraham L Borker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - William Bridgeland
- Oregon Coast National Wildlife Refuge Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Amanda J Gladics
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America.,Oregon Sea Grant, Oregon State University-Extension Service, Astoria, OR, United States of America
| | - Jessica Porquez
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Peter Sanzenbacher
- ABR, Inc.-Environmental Research & Services, Fairbanks, AK, United States of America.,Region 8-U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Palm Springs, CA, United States of America
| | - Shawn W Stephensen
- Oregon Coast National Wildlife Refuge Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Roberta Swift
- Region 1-Migratory Birds and Habitat Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Matthew W McKown
- Conservation Metrics, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert M Suryan
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America.,Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auk Bay Laboratories, Ted Steven's Marine Research Institute, National Oceanographic Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Juneau, AK, United States of America
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14
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Savage C. Seabird nutrients are assimilated by corals and enhance coral growth rates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4284. [PMID: 30862902 PMCID: PMC6414626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient subsidies across ecotone boundaries can enhance productivity in the recipient ecosystem, especially if the nutrients are transferred from a nutrient rich to an oligotrophic ecosystem. This study demonstrates that seabird nutrients from islands are assimilated by endosymbionts in corals on fringing reefs and enhance growth of a dominant reef-building species, Acropora formosa. Nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15N) of zooxanthellae were enriched in corals near seabird colonies and decreased linearly with distance from land, suggesting that ornithogenic nutrients were assimilated in corals. In a one-year reciprocal transplant experiment, A. formosa fragments grew up to four times faster near the seabird site than conspecifics grown without the influence of seabird nutrients. The corals influenced by elevated ornithogenic nutrients were located within a marine protected area with abundant herbivorous fish populations, which kept nuisance macroalgae to negligible levels despite high nutrient concentrations. In this pristine setting, seabird nutrients provide a beneficial nutrient subsidy that increases growth of the ecologically important branching corals. The findings highlight the importance of catchment–to–reef management, not only for ameliorating negative impacts from land but also to maintain beneficial nutrient subsidies, in this case seabird guano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Savage
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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15
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Bellard C, Rysman JF, Leroy B, Claud C, Mace GM. A global picture of biological invasion threat on islands. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1862-1869. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Spatz DR, Zilliacus KM, Holmes ND, Butchart SHM, Genovesi P, Ceballos G, Tershy BR, Croll DA. Globally threatened vertebrates on islands with invasive species. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1603080. [PMID: 29075662 PMCID: PMC5656423 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Global biodiversity loss is disproportionately rapid on islands, where invasive species are a major driver of extinctions. To inform conservation planning aimed at preventing extinctions, we identify the distribution and biogeographic patterns of highly threatened terrestrial vertebrates (classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature) and invasive vertebrates on ~465,000 islands worldwide by conducting a comprehensive literature review and interviews with more than 500 experts. We found that 1189 highly threatened vertebrate species (319 amphibians, 282 reptiles, 296 birds, and 292 mammals) breed on 1288 islands. These taxa represent only 5% of Earth's terrestrial vertebrates and 41% of all highly threatened terrestrial vertebrates, which occur in <1% of islands worldwide. Information about invasive vertebrates was available for 1030 islands (80% of islands with highly threatened vertebrates). Invasive vertebrates were absent from 24% of these islands, where biosecurity to prevent invasions is a critical management tool. On the 76% of islands where invasive vertebrates were present, management could benefit 39% of Earth's highly threatened vertebrates. Invasive mammals occurred in 97% of these islands, with Rattus sp. as the most common invasive vertebrate (78%; 609 islands). Our results provide an important baseline for identifying islands for invasive species eradication and other island conservation actions that reduce biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena R. Spatz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Island Conservation, 2100 Delaware Avenue, Suite A, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kelly M. Zilliacus
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Nick D. Holmes
- Island Conservation, 2100 Delaware Avenue, Suite A, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Stuart H. M. Butchart
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB23QZ, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23EJ, UK
| | - Piero Genovesi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, and Chair of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission Invasive Species Specialist Group, Via V. Brancati 48, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Gerardo Ceballos
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Bernie R. Tershy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Conservation Metrics, UCSC Coastal Science Campus, 145 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Donald A. Croll
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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Spatz DR, Holmes ND, Reguero BG, Butchart SHM, Tershy BR, Croll DA. Managing Invasive Mammals to Conserve Globally Threatened Seabirds in a Changing Climate. Conserv Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dena R. Spatz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Long Marine Laboratory; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
- Island Conservation; 2100 Delaware Ave Suite 1 Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Nick D. Holmes
- Island Conservation; 2100 Delaware Ave Suite 1 Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Borja G. Reguero
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Long Marine Laboratory; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Stuart H. M. Butchart
- BirdLife International; David Attenborough Building; Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
- Department of Zoology; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Bernie R. Tershy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Long Marine Laboratory; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Donald A. Croll
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Long Marine Laboratory; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
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Montesdeoca N, Calabuig P, Corbera JA, Orós J. A long-term retrospective study on rehabilitation of seabirds in Gran Canaria Island, Spain (2003-2013). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177366. [PMID: 28475653 PMCID: PMC5419649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to analyze the causes of morbidity and mortality in a large population of seabirds admitted to the Tafira Wildlife Rehabilitation Center (TWRC) in Gran Canaria Island, Spain, from 2003 to 2013, and to analyze the outcomes of the rehabilitation process. METHODS We included 1,956 seabirds (133 dead on admission and 1,823 admitted alive) in this study. Causes of morbidity were classified into nine categories: light pollution (fallout), fishing gear interaction, crude oil, poisoning/intoxication, other traumas, metabolic/nutritional disorder, orphaned young birds, other causes, and unknown/undetermined. The crude and stratified (by causes of admission) rates of the three final disposition categories (euthanasia Er, unassisted mortality Mr, and release Rr), the time until death, and the length of stay were also studied for the seabirds admitted alive. RESULTS Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis) was the species most frequently admitted (46.52%), followed by Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea borealis) (20.09%). The most frequent causes of morbidity were light pollution (fallout) (25.81%), poisoning/intoxication (24.69%), and other traumas (18.14%). The final disposition rates were: Er = 15.35%, Mr = 16.29%, and Rr = 68.34%. The highest Er was observed in the 'other traumas' category (58.08%). Seabirds admitted due to metabolic/nutritional disorder had the highest Mr (50%). The highest Rr was observed in the light pollution (fallout) category (99.20%). CONCLUSIONS This survey provides useful information for the conservation of several seabird species. We suggest that at least the stratified analysis by causes of admission of the three final disposition rates, and the parameters time until death and length of stay at the center should be included in the outcome research of the rehabilitation of seabirds. The high release rate for seabirds (68.34%) achieved at the TWRC emphasizes the importance of wildlife rehabilitation centers for the conservation of seabirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Montesdeoca
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Pascual Calabuig
- Tafira Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Tafira Baja, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan A. Corbera
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jorge Orós
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Influences on recovery of seabirds on islands where invasive predators have been eradicated, with a focus on Procellariiformes. ORYX 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605316000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractProtecting seabirds is a global conservation priority given that 29% of seabird species are threatened with extinction. One of the most acute threats to seabirds is the presence of introduced predators, which depredate seabirds at all life stages, from eggs to adults. Consequently, eradication of invasive predators has been identified as an effective and commonly used approach to seabird conservation. Seabird recovery following the eradication of predators is influenced by complex and interacting environmental and demographic factors, and there are gaps in our understanding of species-specific responses. We reflect on the recovery of seabirds on islands cleared of predators, drawing on the equilibrium theory of island biogeography, and synthesize key influences on recovery reported in the literature. We present a regionally specific case study on the recovery of seabird colonies (n = 98) in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, which is a hotspot of seabird diversity (27 species), with a long history of eradications of invasive predators. We found that on islands cleared of predators seabirds recover over time, and such islands have more diverse seabird assemblages than islands that never had predators. Recovery appears to be influenced by a suite of site- and species-specific factors. Managers may assume that given enough time following eradication of predators, seabirds will recolonize an island. Although time is a factor, proximity to source populations and human activities has a significant effect on recolonization by seabirds, as do demographic traits, colonizing ability and habitat suitability. Therefore, integrating expected site and species-specific recovery responses in the planning of eradications should help guide post-eradication management actions.
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20
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Holmes IA, Mautz WJ, Davis Rabosky AR. Historical Environment Is Reflected in Modern Population Genetics and Biogeography of an Island Endemic Lizard (Xantusia riversiana reticulata). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163738. [PMID: 27828958 PMCID: PMC5102444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The restricted distribution and isolation of island endemics often produces unique genetic and phenotypic diversity of conservation interest to management agencies. However, these isolated species, especially those with sensitive life history traits, are at high risk for the adverse effects of genetic drift and habitat degradation by non-native wildlife. Here, we study the population genetic diversity, structure, and stability of a classic “island giant” (Xantusia riversiana, the Island Night Lizard) on San Clemente Island, California following the removal of feral goats. Using DNA microsatellites, we found that this population is reasonably genetically robust despite historical grazing, with similar effective population sizes and genetic diversity metrics across all sampling locations irrespective of habitat type and degree of degradation. However, we also found strong site-specific patterns of genetic variation and low genetic diversity compared to mainland congeners, warranting continued special management as an island endemic. We identify both high and low elevation areas that remain valuable repositories of genetic diversity and provide a case study for other low-dispersal coastal organisms in the face of future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris A. Holmes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, United States of America
| | - William J. Mautz
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, United States of America
| | - Alison R. Davis Rabosky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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McCreless EE, Huff DD, Croll DA, Tershy BR, Spatz DR, Holmes ND, Butchart SHM, Wilcox C. Past and estimated future impact of invasive alien mammals on insular threatened vertebrate populations. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12488. [PMID: 27535095 PMCID: PMC4992154 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive mammals on islands pose severe, ongoing threats to global biodiversity. However, the severity of threats from different mammals, and the role of interacting biotic and abiotic factors in driving extinctions, remain poorly understood at a global scale. Here we model global extirpation patterns for island populations of threatened and extinct vertebrates. Extirpations are driven by interacting factors including invasive rats, cats, pigs, mustelids and mongooses, native species taxonomic class and volancy, island size, precipitation and human presence. We show that controlling or eradicating the relevant invasive mammals could prevent 41–75% of predicted future extirpations. The magnitude of benefits varies across species and environments; for example, managing invasive mammals on small, dry islands could halve the extirpation risk for highly threatened birds and mammals, while doing so on large, wet islands may have little benefit. Our results provide quantitative estimates of conservation benefits and, when combined with costs in a return-on-investment framework, can guide efficient conservation strategies. Invasive vertebrates can decimate native species living on islands. Using a model of global extirpation patterns, McCreless et al. identify the types of invasive species most harmful to natives and predict when controlling or eradicating the invasive species is likely to succeed as a conservation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E McCreless
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - David D Huff
- Point Adams Research Station, Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, PO Box 155, Hammond, Oregon 97121, USA
| | - Donald A Croll
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - Bernie R Tershy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - Dena R Spatz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA.,Island Conservation, 2161 Delaware Avenue, Suite A, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - Nick D Holmes
- Island Conservation, 2161 Delaware Avenue, Suite A, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - Stuart H M Butchart
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB23QZ, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23EJ, UK
| | - Chris Wilcox
- Marine and Atmospheric Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
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Invasive mammal eradication on islands results in substantial conservation gains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4033-8. [PMID: 27001852 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521179113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than US$21 billion is spent annually on biodiversity conservation. Despite their importance for preventing or slowing extinctions and preserving biodiversity, conservation interventions are rarely assessed systematically for their global impact. Islands house a disproportionately higher amount of biodiversity compared with mainlands, much of which is highly threatened with extinction. Indeed, island species make up nearly two-thirds of recent extinctions. Islands therefore are critical targets of conservation. We used an extensive literature and database review paired with expert interviews to estimate the global benefits of an increasingly used conservation action to stem biodiversity loss: eradication of invasive mammals on islands. We found 236 native terrestrial insular faunal species (596 populations) that benefitted through positive demographic and/or distributional responses from 251 eradications of invasive mammals on 181 islands. Seven native species (eight populations) were negatively impacted by invasive mammal eradication. Four threatened species had their International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List extinction-risk categories reduced as a direct result of invasive mammal eradication, and no species moved to a higher extinction-risk category. We predict that 107 highly threatened birds, mammals, and reptiles on the IUCN Red List-6% of all these highly threatened species-likely have benefitted from invasive mammal eradications on islands. Because monitoring of eradication outcomes is sporadic and limited, the impacts of global eradications are likely greater than we report here. Our results highlight the importance of invasive mammal eradication on islands for protecting the world's most imperiled fauna.
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Helmstedt KJ, Shaw JD, Bode M, Terauds A, Springer K, Robinson SA, Possingham HP. Prioritizing eradication actions on islands: it's not all or nothing. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate J. Helmstedt
- School of Mathematics and Physics; University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Justine D. Shaw
- Antarctic Conservation and Management; Department of the Environment; Australian Antarctic Division; Kingston Tas. 7050 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Michael Bode
- School of Botany; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4812 Australia
| | - Aleks Terauds
- Antarctic Conservation and Management; Department of the Environment; Australian Antarctic Division; Kingston Tas. 7050 Australia
| | - Keith Springer
- Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service; PO Box 126 Moonah Tas. 7009 Australia
| | - Susan A. Robinson
- Invasive Species Branch; Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment; Biosecurity Tasmania; Newtown Tas. 7008 Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
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Borrelle SB, Buxton RT, Jones HP, Towns DR. A GIS-based decision-making approach for prioritizing seabird management following predator eradication. Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B. Borrelle
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Applied Sciences; Auckland University of Technology; Private Bag 92006 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Rachel T. Buxton
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- Centre for Sustainability: Agriculture, Food, Energy, and Environment; University of Otago; P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Holly P. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy; Northern Illinois University; 155 Castle Drive DeKalb IL 60115 U.S.A
| | - David R. Towns
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Applied Sciences; Auckland University of Technology; Private Bag 92006 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Department of Conservation; Private Bag 68908 Newton Auckland 1145 New Zealand
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Gérard A, Jourdan H, Millon A, Vidal E. Anti-predator behaviour in a procellariid seabird: Wedge-tailed shearwaters do not respond to the odour of introduced ship rats. AUSTRAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gérard
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE); Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS - IRD - UAPV, Centre IRD de Nouméa; BP A5, 98848 Nouméa Cedex Nouvelle-Calédonie France
| | - H. Jourdan
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE); Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS - IRD - UAPV, Centre IRD de Nouméa; BP A5, 98848 Nouméa Cedex Nouvelle-Calédonie France
| | - A. Millon
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE); Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS - IRD - UAPV, Europôle de l'Arbois; Aix-en-Provence France
| | - E. Vidal
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE); Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS - IRD - UAPV, Centre IRD de Nouméa; BP A5, 98848 Nouméa Cedex Nouvelle-Calédonie France
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Tershy BR, Shen KW, Newton KM, Holmes ND, Croll DA. The Importance of Islands for the Protection of Biological and Linguistic Diversity. Bioscience 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Webb T, Mindel B. Global Patterns of Extinction Risk in Marine and Non-marine Systems. Curr Biol 2015; 25:506-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Conservation of low-islands: high priority despite sea-level rise. A comment on Courchamp et al. Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 30:1-2. [PMID: 25454210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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