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Goutam RS, Kumar V, Lee U, Kim J. Exploring the Structural and Functional Diversity among FGF Signals: A Comparative Study of Human, Mouse, and Xenopus FGF Ligands in Embryonic Development and Cancer Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087556. [PMID: 37108717 PMCID: PMC10146080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) encode a large family of growth factor proteins that activate several intracellular signaling pathways to control diverse physiological functions. The human genome encodes 22 FGFs that share a high sequence and structural homology with those of other vertebrates. FGFs orchestrate diverse biological functions by regulating cellular differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Dysregulated FGF signaling may contribute to several pathological conditions, including cancer. Notably, FGFs exhibit wide functional diversity among different vertebrates spatiotemporally. A comparative study of FGF receptor ligands and their diverse roles in vertebrates ranging from embryonic development to pathological conditions may expand our understanding of FGF. Moreover, targeting diverse FGF signals requires knowledge regarding their structural and functional heterogeneity among vertebrates. This study summarizes the current understanding of human FGF signals and correlates them with those in mouse and Xenopus models, thereby facilitating the identification of therapeutic targets for various human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar Goutam
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- iPS Bio, Inc., 3F, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13522, Republic of Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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2
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Deuper L, Meuser M, Thiesler H, Jany UWH, Rudat C, Hildebrandt H, Trowe MO, Kispert A. Mesenchymal FGFR1 and FGFR2 control patterning of the ureteric mesenchyme by balancing SHH and BMP4 signaling. Development 2022; 149:276592. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The coordinated development of the mesenchymal and epithelial progenitors of the murine ureter depends on a complex interplay of diverse signaling activities. We have recently shown that epithelial FGFR2 signaling regulates stratification and differentiation of the epithelial compartment by enhancing epithelial Shh expression, and mesenchymal SHH and BMP4 activity. Here, we show that FGFR1 and FGFR2 expression in the mesenchymal primordium impinges on the SHH/BMP4 signaling axis to regulate mesenchymal patterning and differentiation. Mouse embryos with conditional loss of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in the ureteric mesenchyme exhibited reduced mesenchymal proliferation and prematurely activated lamina propria formation at the expense of the smooth muscle cell program. They also manifested hydroureter at birth. Molecular profiling detected increased SHH, WNT and retinoic acid signaling, whereas BMP4 signaling in the mesenchyme was reduced. Pharmacological activation of SHH signaling in combination with inhibition of BMP4 signaling recapitulated the cellular changes in explant cultures of wild-type ureters. Additional experiments suggest that mesenchymal FGFR1 and FGFR2 act as a sink for FGF ligands to dampen activation of Shh and BMP receptor gene expression by epithelial FGFR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Deuper
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover 1 , 30625 Hannover , Germany
| | - Max Meuser
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover 1 , 30625 Hannover , Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover 2 , 30625 Hannover , Germany
| | - Ulrich W. H. Jany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover 1 , 30625 Hannover , Germany
| | - Carsten Rudat
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover 1 , 30625 Hannover , Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover 2 , 30625 Hannover , Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Trowe
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover 1 , 30625 Hannover , Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover 1 , 30625 Hannover , Germany
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3
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The canonical FGF-FGFR signaling system at the molecular level. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular signaling molecules, among them the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), enable cells to communicate with neighboring cells. Such signaling molecules that receive and transmit a signal require specific tyrosine kinase receptors located at the cell surface (fibroblast growth factor receptors, FGFRs). The binding of a signaling molecule to its specific receptor results in receptor dimerization and conformational changes in the cytoplasmic part of the receptor. The conformational changes lead to trans-autophosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase domains of the receptors and subsequently to induction of several downstream signaling pathways and expression of appropriate genes. The signaling pathways activated by FGFs control and coordinate cell behaviors such as cell division, migration, differentiation, and cell death. FGFs and their transmembrane receptors are widely distributed in different tissues and participate in fundamental processes during embryonic, fetal, and adult human life. The human FGF/FGFR family comprises 22 ligands and 4 high affinity receptors. In addition, FGFs bind to low affinity receptors, heparan sulfate proteoglycans at the cell surface. The availability of appropriate ligand/receptor pair, combined with the co-receptor, initiates signaling. Inappropriate FGF/FGFR signaling can cause skeletal disorders, primarily dwarfism, craniofacial malformation syndromes, mood disorders, metabolic disorders, and Kallman syndrome. In addition, aberrations in FGF/FGFR signaling have already been reported in several types of malignant diseases. Knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of FGF/FGFR activation and signaling is necessary to understand the basis of these diseases.
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Chang MC, Chen CY, Chang YC, Zhong BH, Wang YL, Yeung SY, Chang HH, Jeng JH. Effect of bFGF on the growth and matrix turnover of stem cells from human apical papilla: Role of MEK/ERK signaling. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1666-1672. [PMID: 31932202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) exhibits multiple biological functions in various tissues. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) can be isolated from human apical papilla tissues in developmental teeth of children. The purposes of this study were to investigate the expression of FGF receptors (FGFRs) and the effects of bFGF on SCAP and related MEK/ERK signaling. METHODS SCAP cells were treated under different concentrations of bFGF with or without U0126 (an inhibitor of MEK/ERK). Expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 in SCAP was analyzed by RT-PCR. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The expressions of type I collagen, cdc 2, cyclin B1, TIMP-1 and p-ERK proteins were examined by Western blot. RESULTS SCAP cells expressed FGFR1 and FGFR2. Exposure of SCAP to bFGF enhanced cell proliferation, and the expression cyclinB1, cdc 2, and TIMP-1, but not type I collagen. U0126 pretreatment and co-incubation attenuated the bFGF-induced proliferation, cdc2, cyclin B1 and TIMP-1 proteins' expression, but not type I collagen in SCAP. CONCLUSION SCAP cells express FGFRs. bFGF may stimulate proliferation and affect the matrix turnover of SCAP cells, possibly via stimulation of FGFRs and MEK/ERK signaling pathway. These results are useful for clinical therapies for apexogenesis and regeneration of pulpo-dentin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Chang
- Department of Dentistry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hao Zhong
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Lin Wang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yuet Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Chang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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A fully automated bioreactor system for precise control of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hao Y, Tang S, Yuan Y, Liu R, Chen Q. Roles of FGF8 subfamily in embryogenesis and oral‑maxillofacial diseases (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 54:797-806. [PMID: 30628659 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are diffusible polypeptides released by a variety of cell types. FGF8 subfamily members regulate embryonic development processes through controlling progenitor cell growth and differentiation, and are also functional in adults in tissue repair to maintain tissue homeostasis. FGF8 family members exhibit unique binding affinities with FGF receptors and tissue distribution patterns. Increasing evidence suggests that, by regulating multiple cellular signaling pathways, alterations in the FGF8 subfamily are involved in craniofacial development, odontogenesis, tongue development and salivary gland branching morphogenesis. Aberrant FGF signaling transduction, caused by mutations as well as abnormal expression or isoform splicing, plays an important role in the development of oral diseases. Targeting FGF8 subfamily members provides a new promising strategy for the treatment of oral diseases. The aim of this review was to summarize the aberrant regulations of FGF8 subfamily members and their potential implications in oral‑maxillofacial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuya Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the variability of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) antibody titers in a small series of patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients with neuropathy and positive FGFR3 antibodies. RESULTS We report 7 patients (3 women) with an age range 44-81 years. Symptoms were acute onset in 3 and subacute onset in 4 patients. Five had neuropathic pain. Examination revealed normal large fiber function to mild/moderate predominantly sensory neuropathy and ataxia in one patient. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed normal large fiber function (3), demyelinating neuropathy (1), and mild/moderate axonal neuropathy (3). Four patients had high and 3 patients had low FGFR3 titers. Repeat testing revealed absence of antibodies in 2 patients and a significant reduction in one patient without any intervening immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our case series highlights the variability and inconsistency in FGFR3 antibody titers through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing. These antibody titers should always be interpreted with caution in clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Samara
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA
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Xie Z, Cheng D, Luo L, Shen G, Pan S, Pan Y, Chen B, Wang X, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Ye F. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-bromo-N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzamide derivatives as novel FGFR1 inhibitors for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:905-919. [PMID: 29734851 PMCID: PMC6009922 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1460824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-bromo-N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzamide derivatives were designed and synthesised as novel fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) inhibitors. We found that one of the most promising compounds, C9, inhibited five non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with FGFR1 amplification, including NCI-H520, NCI-H1581, NCI-H226, NCI-H460 and NCI-H1703. Moreover, the IC50 values for the compound C9 were 1.36 ± 0.27 µM, 1.25 ± 0. 23 µM, 2.31 ± 0.41 µM, 2.14 ± 0.36 µM and 1.85 ± 0.32 µM, respectively. The compound C9 arrested the cell cycle at the G2 phase in NSCLC cell lines. The compound C9 also induced cellular apoptosis and inhibited the phosphorylation of FGFR1, PLCγ1 and ERK in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, molecular docking experiments showed that compound C9 binds to FGFR1 to form six hydrogen bonds. Taken together, our data suggested that the compound C9 represented a promising lead compound-targeting FGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Xie
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Donghua Cheng
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Lu Luo
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Guoliang Shen
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Suwei Pan
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yaqian Pan
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Bo Chen
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xuebao Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Faqing Ye
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
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9
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel 2-benzamide-4-(6-oxy-N-methyl-1-naphthamide)-pyridine derivatives as potent fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:9-28. [PMID: 29775937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the phase II clinical FGFR inhibitor lucitanib (2), we conducted a medicinal chemistry approach by opening the central quinoline skeleton coupled with a scaffold hopping process thus leading to a series of novel 2-benzamide-4-(6-oxy-N-methyl-1-naphthamide)-pyridine derivatives. Compound 25a was identified to show selective and equally high potency against FGFR1/2 and VEGFR2 with IC50 values less than 5.0 nM. Significant antiproliferative effects on both FGFR1/2 and VEGFR2 aberrant cancer cells were observed. In the SNU-16 xenograft model, compound 25a showed tumor growth inhibition rates of 25.0% and 81.0% at doses of 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively, with 5% and 10%body weight loss. In view of the synergistic potential of FGFs and VEGFs in tumor angiogenesis observed in preclinical studies, the FGFR/VEGFR2 dual inhibitor 25a may achieve better clinical benefits.
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10
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Mace ML, Gravesen E, Nordholm A, Olgaard K, Lewin E. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 23 Regulates the Plasma Levels of Parathyroid Hormone In Vivo Through the FGF Receptor in Normocalcemia, But Not in Hypocalcemia. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:85-92. [PMID: 29063159 PMCID: PMC5760590 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The calcium and phosphate homeostasis is regulated by a complex interplay between parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and calcitriol. Experimental studies have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of FG23 on PTH production and secretion; the physiological role of this regulation is however not well understood. Surprisingly, in uremia, concomitantly elevated FGF23 and PTH levels are observed. The parathyroid gland rapidly loses its responsiveness to extracellular calcium in vitro and a functional parathyroid cell line has currently not been established. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to study the impact of FGF23 on the Ca2+/PTH relationship in vivo under conditions of normocalcemia and hypocalcemia. Wistar rats were allocated to treatment with intravenous recombinant FGF23 and inhibition of the FGF receptor in the setting of normocalcemia and acute hypocalcemia. We demonstrated that FGF23 rapidly inhibited PTH secretion and that this effect was completely blocked by inhibition of the FGF receptor. Furthermore, inhibition of the FGF receptor by itself significantly increased PTH levels, indicating that FGF23 has a suppressive tonus on the parathyroid gland's PTH secretion. In acute hypocalcemia, there was no effect of either recombinant FGF23 or FGF receptor inhibition on the physiological response to the low ionized calcium levels. In conclusion, FGF23 has an inhibitory tonus on PTH secretion in normocalcemia and signals through the FGF receptor. In acute hypocalcemia, when increased PTH secretion is needed to restore the calcium homeostasis, this inhibitory effect of FGF23 is abolished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Mace
- Department of Nephrology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Gravesen
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Nordholm
- Department of Nephrology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Olgaard
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Lewin
- Department of Nephrology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Choi M, Park HH, Choi D, Han U, Park TH, Lee H, Park J, Hong J. Multilayer Nanofilms via Inkjet Printing for Stabilizing Growth Factor and Designing Desired Cell Developments. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28436215 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biologically versatile basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), well known for roles of signaling molecules between cells and regulating various cellular processes, has been proven to utilize specific functionalities. However, the remarkable functions are inclinable to dwindle with decrease of bFGFs' activity. In nanoscale, developing thin films with intrinsic characteristics of building molecules can facilitate handling various materials for desired purposes. Fabricating nanofilm and handling sensitive materials without detriment to activity via highly productive manufacturing are significant for practical uses in the field of biomedical applications. Herein, a multilayered nanofilm fabricating system is developed by inkjet printing to incorporate bFGF successfully. It is demonstrated that water mixed with glycerol as biological ink maintains stability of bFGFs through simulation and experimental study. With highly stable bFGFs, the proliferation of human dermal fibroblast is enhanced and the undifferentiated state of induced pluripotent stem cell is maintained by the controlled release of bFGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonhyun Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Chung-Ang University; 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Daheui Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Chung-Ang University; 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Uiyoung Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Chung-Ang University; 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Hwankyu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Dankook University; Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 448-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon 200-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Chung-Ang University; 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
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Totty ML, Morrell BC, Spicer LJ. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase-4 in ovarian granulosa and theca cells of cattle. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:25-33. [PMID: 27816766 PMCID: PMC5173412 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To determine the mechanism by which fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) alters granulosa (GC) and theca (TC) cell proliferation, cell cycle proteins that regulate progression through G1 phase of the cell cycle, cyclin D1 (CCND1) and cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK4; CCND1's catalytic partner), were evaluated. Ovaries were obtained from a local abattoir, GC were harvested from small (1-5 mm) and large (8-22 mm) follicles, and TC were harvested from large follicles. GC and TC were plated in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum followed by various treatments in serum-free medium. Treatment with 30 ng/mL of either FGF9 or IGF1 significantly increased GC numbers and when combined, synergized to further increase GC numbers by threefold. Abundance of CCND1 and CDK4 mRNA in TC and GC were quantified via real-time PCR. Alone and in combination with IGF1, FGF9 significantly increased CCND1 mRNA expression in both GC and TC. Western blotting revealed that CCND1 protein levels were increased by FGF9 in TC after 6 h and 12 h of treatment, but CDK4 protein was not affected. A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway inhibitor, U0126, significantly reduced FGF9-induced CCND1 mRNA expression to basal levels. For the first time we show that CCND1 mRNA expression is increased by FGF9 in bovine TC and GC, and that FGF9 likely uses the MAPK pathway to induce CCND1 mRNA production in bovine TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Totty
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - B C Morrell
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - L J Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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13
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Zhao Y, Singh A, Xu Y, Zong C, Zhang F, Boons GJ, Liu J, Linhardt RJ, Woods RJ, Amster IJ. Gas-Phase Analysis of the Complex of Fibroblast GrowthFactor 1 with Heparan Sulfate: A Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Spectrometry (TWIMS) and Molecular Modeling Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:96-109. [PMID: 27663556 PMCID: PMC5177502 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) regulate several cellular developmental processes by interacting with cell surface heparan proteoglycans and transmembrane cell surface receptors (FGFR). The interaction of FGF with heparan sulfate (HS) is known to induce protein oligomerization, increase the affinity of FGF towards its receptor FGFR, promoting the formation of the HS-FGF-FGFR signaling complex. Although the role of HS in the signaling pathways is well recognized, the details of FGF oligomerization and formation of the ternary signaling complex are still not clear, with several conflicting models proposed in literature. Here, we examine the effect of size and sulfation pattern of HS upon FGF1 oligomerization, binding stoichiometry and conformational stability, through a combination of ion mobility (IM) and theoretical modeling approaches. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IMMS) of FGF1 in the presence of several HS fragments ranging from tetrasaccharide (dp4) to dodecasaccharide (dp12) in length was performed. A comparison of the binding stoichiometry of variably sulfated dp4 HS to FGF1 confirmed the significance of the previously known high-affinity binding motif in FGF1 dimerization, and demonstrated that certain tetrasaccharide-length fragments are also capable of inducing dimerization of FGF1. The degree of oligomerization was found to increase in the presence of dp12 HS, and a general lack of specificity for longer HS was observed. Additionally, collision cross-sections (CCSs) of several FGF1-HS complexes were calculated, and were found to be in close agreement with experimental results. Based on the (CCSs) a number of plausible binding modes of 2:1 and 3:1 FGF1-HS are proposed. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejie Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Arunima Singh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chengli Zong
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6-(2,6-Dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-substituted-1H-indazoles as Potent Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101407. [PMID: 27782099 PMCID: PMC6273472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), which is aberrant in various cancer types, is a promising target for cancer therapy. Here we reported the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new series of 6-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-substituted-1H-indazole derivatives as potent FGFR inhibitors. The compound 6-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide (10a) was identified as a potent FGFR1 inhibitor, with good enzymatic inhibition. Further structure-based optimization revealed that 6-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide (13a) is the most potent FGFR1 inhibitor in this series, with an enzyme inhibitory activity IC50 value of about 30.2 nM.
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15
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Su N, Li X, Tang Y, Yang J, Wen X, Guo J, Tang J, Du X, Chen L. Deletion of FGFR3 in Osteoclast Lineage Cells Results in Increased Bone Mass in Mice by Inhibiting Osteoclastic Bone Resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1676-87. [PMID: 26990430 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) participates in bone remodeling. Both Fgfr3 global knockout and activated mice showed decreased bone mass with increased osteoclast formation or bone resorption activity. To clarify the direct effect of FGFR3 on osteoclasts, we specifically deleted Fgfr3 in osteoclast lineage cells. Adult mice with Fgfr3 deficiency in osteoclast lineage cells (mutant [MUT]) showed increased bone mass. In a drilled-hole defect model, the bone remodeling of the holed area in cortical bone was also impaired with delayed resorption of residual woven bone in MUT mice. In vitro assay demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts derived from wild-type and Fgfr3-deficient bone marrow monocytes, suggesting that FGFR3 had no remarkable effect on osteoclast formation. The bone resorption activity of Fgfr3-deficient osteoclasts was markedly decreased accompanying with downregulated expressions of Trap, Ctsk, and Mmp 9. The upregulated activity of osteoclastic bone resorption by FGF2 in vitro was also impaired in Fgfr3-deficient osteoclasts, indicating that FGFR3 may participate in the regulation of bone resorption activity of osteoclasts by FGF2. Reduced adhesion but not migration in osteoclasts with Fgfr3 deficiency may be responsible for the impaired bone resorption activity. Our study for the first time genetically shows the direct positive regulation of FGFR3 on osteoclastic bone resorption. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The 305 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yubin Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Emergency Treatment, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyuan Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junzhou Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Waseem M, Khan I, Iqbal H, Eijaz S, Usman S, Ahmed N, Alam G, Salim A. Hypoxic Preconditioning Improves the Therapeutic Potential of Aging Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Type-1 Diabetic Mice. Cell Reprogram 2016; 18:344-355. [PMID: 27500307 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin replacement is the current therapeutic option for type-1 diabetes. However, exogenous insulin cannot precisely represent the normal pattern of insulin secretion. Another therapeutic strategy is transplantation of pancreatic islets, but this is limited by immune rejection, intrinsic complications, and lack of donor availability. Stem cell therapy that results in the regeneration of insulin-producing cells represents an attractive choice. However, with advancing age, stem cells also undergo senescence, which leads to changes in the function of various cellular processes that result in a decrease in the regeneration potential of these aging stem cells. In this study, the effect of young and aging mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the regeneration of pancreatic beta cells in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-1 diabetic mice was observed after hypoxic preconditioning. Hypoxia was chemically induced by 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP). Plasma insulin and glucose levels were measured at various time intervals, and pancreatic sections were analyzed histochemically. The effect of DNP was also analyzed on apoptosis of MSCs by flow cytometry and on gene expression of certain growth factors by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We observed that hypoxic preconditioning caused changes in the gene expression levels of growth factors in both young and aging MSCs. Young MSCs showed significant regeneration potential compared with the aging cells in vivo. However, hypoxic preconditioning was able to improve the regeneration potential of aging MSCs. It is concluded from the present study that the regeneration potential of aging MSCs into pancreatic β-cells can be enhanced by hypoxic preconditioning, which causes changes in the gene expression of certain growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hana'a Iqbal
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Eijaz
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Usman
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Alam
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
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17
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Vadija R, Mustyala KK, Nambigari N, Dulapalli R, Dumpati RK, Ramatenki V, Vellanki SP, Vuruputuri U. Homology modeling and virtual screening studies of FGF-7 protein-a structure-based approach to design new molecules against tumor angiogenesis. J Chem Biol 2016; 9:69-78. [PMID: 27493695 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-016-0152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) protein is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, which is also known as FGF-7. The FGF-7 plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis. In the present work, FGF-7 is treated as a potential therapeutic target to prevent angiogenesis in cancerous tissue. Computational techniques are applied to evaluate and validate the 3D structure of FGF-7 protein. The active site region of the FGF-7 protein is identified based on hydrophobicity calculations using CASTp and Q-site Finder active site prediction tools. The protein-protein docking study of FGF-7 with its natural receptor FGFR2b is carried out to confirm the active site region in FGF-7. The amino acid residues Asp34, Arg67, Glu116, and Thr194 in FGF-7 interact with the receptor protein (FGFR2b). A grid is generated at the active site region of FGF-7 using Glide module of Schrödinger suite. Subsequently, a virtual screening study is carried out at the active site using small molecular structural databases to identify the ligand molecules. The binding interactions of the ligand molecules, with piperazine moiety as a pharmacophore, are observed at Arg67 and Glu149 residues of the FGF-7 protein. The identified ligand molecules against the FGF-7 protein show permissible pharmacokinetic properties (ADME). The ligand molecules with good docking scores and satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties are prioritized and identified as novel ligands for the FGF-7 protein in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Vadija
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
| | - Kiran Kumar Mustyala
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
| | - Navaneetha Nambigari
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science Saifabad, Osmania University, Saifabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500004 India
| | - Ramasree Dulapalli
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
| | - Rama Krishna Dumpati
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
| | - Vishwanath Ramatenki
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
| | - Santhi Prada Vellanki
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
| | - Uma Vuruputuri
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
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18
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Zhao B, Li Y, Xu P, Dai Y, Luo C, Sun Y, Ai J, Geng M, Duan W. Discovery of Substituted 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine Derivatives as Potent and Selective FGFR Kinase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:629-34. [PMID: 27326339 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are important targets for cancer therapy. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives as potent and selective FGFR kinase inhibitors. On the basis of its excellent in vitro potency and favorable pharmacokinetic properties, compound 7n was selected for in vivo evaluation and showed significant antitumor activity in a FGFR1-driven H1581 xenograft model. These results indicated that 7n would be a promising candidate for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Division of Antitumor
Pharmacology, and §Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong
Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Division of Antitumor
Pharmacology, and §Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong
Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Division of Antitumor
Pharmacology, and §Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong
Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Division of Antitumor
Pharmacology, and §Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong
Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Division of Antitumor
Pharmacology, and §Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong
Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiming Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Division of Antitumor
Pharmacology, and §Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong
Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Ai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Division of Antitumor
Pharmacology, and §Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong
Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Division of Antitumor
Pharmacology, and §Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong
Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenhu Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Division of Antitumor
Pharmacology, and §Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong
Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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19
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Joannes A, Brayer S, Besnard V, Marchal-Sommé J, Jaillet M, Mordant P, Mal H, Borie R, Crestani B, Mailleux AA. FGF9 and FGF18 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis promote survival and migration and inhibit myofibroblast differentiation of human lung fibroblasts in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L615-29. [PMID: 26773067 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00185.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins and fibroblasts in the distal airways. Key developmental lung signaling pathways are reactivated in IPF. For instance, fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) and FGF18, involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, are critical for lung development. We evaluated the expression of FGF9, FGF18, and FGF receptors (FGFRs) in lung tissue from controls and IPF patients and assessed their effect on proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation of control and IPF human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). FGF9, FGF18, and all FGFRs were present in the remodeled alveolar epithelium close to the fibroblast foci in IPF lungs. FGFR3 was generally detected in fibroblast foci by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, HLFs mainly expressed mesenchyme-associated FGFR isoforms (FGFR1c and FGFR3c) and FGFR4. FGF9 did not affect fibroblast proliferation, whereas FGF18 inhibited cell growth in control fibroblasts. FGF9 and FGF18 decreased Fas-ligand-induced apoptosis in control but not in IPF fibroblasts. FGF9 prevented transforming growth factor β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation. FGF9 and FGF18 increased the migratory capacities of HLF, and FGF9 actively modulated matrix metalloproteinase activity. In addition, FGFR3 inhibition by small interfering RNA impacted p-ERK activation by FGF9 and FGF18 and their effects on differentiation and migration. These results identify FGF9 as an antiapoptotic and promigratory growth factor on HLF, maintaining fibroblasts in an undifferentiated state. The biological effects of FGF9 and FGF18 were partially driven by FGFR3. FGF18 was a less potent molecule. Both growth factors likely contribute to the fibrotic process in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Joannes
- INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Stéphanie Brayer
- INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Valérie Besnard
- INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Joëlle Marchal-Sommé
- INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Madeleine Jaillet
- INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Pierre Mordant
- INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire, and
| | - Hervé Mal
- INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Borie
- INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A
| | - Bruno Crestani
- INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A,
| | - Arnaud A Mailleux
- INSERM U1152, DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
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20
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Lin S, Xie J, Gong T, Shi S, Zhang T, Fu N, Lin Y. Smad signal pathway regulates angiogenesis via endothelial cell in an adipose-derived stromal cell/endothelial cell co-culture, 3D gel model. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 412:281-8. [PMID: 26694166 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Co-implantation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) can markedly expedite the formation of functional microvascular beds and provides possible methods for cell-based revascularization therapies to treat various diseases. Furthermore, we investigated the role of TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway for angiogenesis in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel model established in vitro with co-culture between ASCs and ECs. We found that angiogenesis was attenuated in the co-culture gels after inhibition of ALK5/Smad2/3 with SB431542. Genes coding for VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VE-ca, FGF-1, PDGF, BMP-4, and BMP-7 were significantly reduced in both mono-cultured and co-cultured ECs. Furthermore, the decrease in co-cultured ECs was prominent relative to mono-cultured ECs. Taken together, these findings suggest that in the co-culture between ASCs and ECs, TGFβ/Smad signal pathway regulates angiogenesis via ECs; moreover, the findings that the co-cultured ECs were regulated more significantly than mono-cultured ECs suggest that suppression of Smad signal pathway may regulate the paracrine secretion of ASCs to further modulate angiogenesis of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Le Blanc S, Simann M, Jakob F, Schütze N, Schilling T. Fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 inhibit adipogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells in 3D collagen gels. Exp Cell Res 2015; 338:136-48. [PMID: 26384550 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) are the common progenitors of osteoblasts and adipocytes. A shift in hBMSC differentiation in favor of adipogenesis may contribute to the bone loss and marrow fat accumulation observed in aging and osteoporosis. Hence, the identification of factors modulating marrow adipogenesis is of great therapeutic interest. Fibroblast growth factors 1 (FGF1) and 2 (FGF2) play important roles in several cellular processes including differentiation. Their role in adipogenesis is, however, still unclear given the contradictory reports found in the literature. In this work, we investigated the effect of FGF signaling on hBMSC adipogenesis in a 3D collagen gel system to mimic the natural microenvironment. We successfully established adipogenic differentiation of hBMSC embedded in type I collagen gels. We found that exogenous FGF1 and FGF2 exerted an inhibitory effect on lipid droplet accumulation and gene expression of adipogenic markers, which was abolished by pharmacological blocking of FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling. FGF treatment also affected the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1), altering the MMP/TIMP balance, which modulates collagen processing and turnover. FGF1- and FGF2-mediated inhibition of differentiation was, however, not restricted to adipogenesis since FGF1 and FGF2 treatment also resulted in the inhibition of the osteogenic differentiation in collagen gels. We conclude that FGFR signaling inhibits the in vitro adipogenic commitment of hBMSCs, downregulating core differentiation markers and altering ECM composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Le Blanc
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Wuerzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Meike Simann
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Wuerzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Wuerzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Schütze
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Wuerzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Schilling
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Wuerzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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22
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Häfner R, Bohnenpoll T, Rudat C, Schultheiss TM, Kispert A. Fgfr2 is required for the expansion of the early adrenocortical primordium. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:168-77. [PMID: 26141512 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is a critical steroidogenic endocrine tissue, generated at least in part from intermediate mesoderm of the anterior urogenital ridge. Previous work has pinpointed a minor role of the FGFR2IIIb isoform in expansion and differentiation of the fetal adrenal cortex in mice but did not address the complete role of FGFR2 and FGFR1 signaling in adrenocortical development. Here, we show that a Tbx18(cre) line mediates specific recombination in the coelomic epithelium of the anterior urogenital ridge which gives rise by a delamination process to the adrenocortical primordium. Mice with conditional (Tbx18(cre)-mediated) deletion of all isoforms of Fgfr2 exhibited severely hypoplastic adrenal glands around birth. Cortical cells were dramatically reduced in number but showed steroidogenic differentiation and zonation. Neuroendocrine chromaffin cells were also reduced and formed a cell cluster adjacent to but not encapsulated by steroidogenic cells. Analysis of earlier time points revealed that the adrenocortical primordium was established in the intermediate mesoderm at E10.5 but that it failed to expand at subsequent stages. Our further experiments show that FGFR2 signaling acts as early as E11.5 to prevent apoptosis and enhance proliferation in adrenocortical progenitor cells. FGFR1 signaling does not contribute to early adrenocortical development. Our work suggests that FGFR2IIIb and IIIc isoforms largely act redundantly to promote expansion of the adrenocortical primordium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Häfner
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Bohnenpoll
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Rudat
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas M Schultheiss
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport-Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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23
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BMP signaling in astrocytes downregulates EGFR to modulate survival and maturation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110668. [PMID: 25330173 PMCID: PMC4201562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes constitute a major cell population in the brain with a myriad of essential functions, yet we know remarkably little about the signaling pathways and mechanisms that direct astrocyte maturation. To explore the signals regulating astrocyte development, we prospectively purified and cultured immature postnatal rodent astrocytes. We identified fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as robust trophic factors for immature astrocytes. We showed that astrocytes respond directly to BMPs via phosphorylation of the smad1/5/8 pathway. In vitro, BMP signaling promoted immature astrocytes to adopt multiple characteristics of mature astrocytes, including a more process-bearing morphology, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and S100β immunoreactivity, limited proliferation, and strong downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In vivo, activation of the smad1/5/8 pathway in astrocytes was seen during early postnatal development, but inhibition of astrocyte proliferation was not observed. These insights can aid in the further dissection of the mechanisms and pathways controlling astrocyte biology and development.
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