Manufacturing with pluripotent stem cells ( PSConf 2021): Key issues for future research and development

Quantitative Proteomics for the Development and Manufacturing of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells Using Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) have several potential applications in regenerative medicine. A deep understanding of stem cell characteristics is critical for developing appropriate products for use in the clinic. This study aimed to develop approaches for characterizing iPSC-derived NSCs. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) was used to obtain temporal proteomic profiles of differentiating cells. Principal component analysis of the proteome profiles allowed for the discrimination of cells cultured for different periods. Cells were characterized by Gene Ontology analysis to annotate the upregulated proteins based on their functions. We found that trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG), a membrane glycoprotein that inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was elevated in NSC and that silencing TPBG promoted proliferation rather than neuronal differentiation. Treatment with Wnt/β-catenin pathway activators and inhibitors showed that modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is crucial for differentiation into NSC. These results suggest that the level of TPBG is critical for differentiation into NSC, and TPBG is a potentially critical quality attribute of differentiating cells. In summary, DIA-MS-based proteomics is a promising multi-attribute method for characterizing stem cell-derived products.

Vascularized organ bioprinting: From strategy to paradigm

Over the past two decades, bioprinting has become a popular research topic worldwide, as it is the most promising approach for manufacturing vascularized organ in vitro. However, transitioning bioprinting from simple tissue models to real biomedical applications is still a challenge due to the lack of interdisciplinary theoretical knowledge and perfect multitechnology integration. This review examines the goals of vasculature manufacturing and proposes the objectives in three stages. We then outline a bidirectional manufacturing strategy consisting of top-down reproduction (bioprinting) and bottom-up regeneration (cellular behaviour). We also provide an in-depth analysis of the views from the four aspects of design, ink, printing, and culture. Furthermore, we present the 'constructing-comprehension cycle' research paradigm in Strategic Priority Research Program and the 'math-model-based batch insights generator' research paradigm for the future, which have the potential to revolutionize the biomedical field.

Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes convened a panel to update the previous consensus statements on the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes in adults, published since 2006 and last updated in 2019. The target audience is the full spectrum of the professional healthcare team providing diabetes care in the USA and Europe. A systematic examination of publications since 2018 informed new recommendations. These include additional focus on social determinants of health, the healthcare system and physical activity behaviours including sleep. There is a greater emphasis on weight management as part of the holistic approach to diabetes management. The results of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes trials involving sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, including assessment of subgroups, inform broader recommendations for cardiorenal protection in people with diabetes at high risk of cardiorenal disease. After a summary listing of consensus recommendations, practical tips for implementation are provided.