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Luna M, Chikontwe P, Nam S, Park SH. Attention guided multi-scale cluster refinement with extended field of view for amodal nuclei segmentation. Comput Biol Med 2024; 170:108015. [PMID: 38266467 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Nuclei segmentation plays a crucial role in disease understanding and diagnosis. In whole slide images, cell nuclei often appear overlapping and densely packed with ambiguous boundaries due to the underlying 3D structure of histopathology samples. Instance segmentation via deep neural networks with object clustering is able to detect individual segments in crowded nuclei but suffers from a limited field of view, and does not support amodal segmentation. In this work, we introduce a dense feature pyramid network with a feature mixing module to increase the field of view of the segmentation model while keeping pixel-level details. We also improve the model output quality by adding a multi-scale self-attention guided refinement module that sequentially adjusts predictions as resolution increases. Finally, we enable clusters to share pixels by separating the instance clustering objective function from other pixel-related tasks, and introduce supervision to occluded areas to guide the learning process. For evaluation of amodal nuclear segmentation, we also update prior metrics used in common modal segmentation to allow the evaluation of overlapping masks and mitigate over-penalization issues via a novel unique matching algorithm. Our experiments demonstrate consistent performance across multiple datasets with significantly improved segmentation quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Luna
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Philip Chikontwe
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Siwoo Nam
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea; AI Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
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2
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Khamdan F, Dirr MA, Sagut P, Brailsford CJ, Williams JA, Nietert PJ, Elston DM. Cytologic atypia of benign inflammatory versus neoplastic cutaneous squamous lesions. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:1070-1077. [PMID: 37730204 PMCID: PMC10685324 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytologic atypia encompasses several features of abnormal cellular morphology. We sought to quantify these features in benign and premalignant/malignant squamous cell lesions to better characterize criteria for malignancy. METHODS We conducted a rater-blinded observational study in which histopathology slides were evaluated under light microscopy, and the presence and relative quantity of 24 distinct cytological features were recorded, along with respective diagnoses. Each slide was evaluated, and the ratings were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS The most helpful findings, whose presence in high numbers indicates an increased likelihood that the tissue sample is premalignant/malignant, were: (1) pleomorphic parakeratosis; (2) pleomorphic nuclei in the epithelium; (3) irregular nuclei; (4) thick refractile nuclear envelope; (5) presence of nuclear hyperchromasia (dark gray); (6) peripheral nucleoli; and (7) nucleolar stems. Higher values of round or oval nuclear shape and vesicular nuclei increase the likelihood that the tissue sample is benign. CONCLUSIONS Certain nuclear features have a higher association with premalignancy/malignancy and may guide histologic evaluation of a given lesion. These findings can be used in combination with architectural features and clinical history to add to a complete diagnostic picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Khamdan
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - McKenzie A. Dirr
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Pelin Sagut
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Jacob A. Williams
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Paul J. Nietert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Dirk M. Elston
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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3
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Oz ZS, Barut F, Kokturk F, Gun BD. The Structural Profile of HPV 18 in Terms of Chromosomal and Nuclear Degenerative Changes and the Ratio of Nucleus/Cytoplasm on Liquid based Cervical Cells. J Cytol 2023; 40:133-139. [PMID: 37745810 PMCID: PMC10516153 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_72_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HPV 18 is one of the important oncogenic types. HPV 18 is generally evaluated together with HPV 16 and/or high-risk HPV types in light microscopic studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of only HPV 18 on the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, and chromosomal and nuclear degenerative changes in liquid-based samples. Materials and Methods Eighty liquid-based cervical samples were used in this retrospective study. These smears were prepared by HPV Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) detection and genotyping with the Cobas 4800 HPV system. Forty HPV 18 infected and forty smears with no infection agent were evaluated for chromosomal (nuclear budding, micronuclei), nuclear degenerative changes (membrane irregularity, nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, abnormal chromatin distribution, binucleation (BN), karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis (KL), karyopyknosis (KP)), and cytologic findings (koilocyte (KC), cells with perinuclear PR) using light microscopy. Cellular diameters were evaluated using image analysis software. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 19.0. p values < .05 were considered significant. Results The statistically significant difference between the presence of HPV 18 and karyorrectic cell, KC, nuclear membrane irregularity, enlargement, the mean nuclear width and height (p < 0.05). No cellular changes other than those mentioned were observed. Conclusions The present study is significant in that, it reveals the relationship between only and particularly HPV 18 and nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, and chromosomal and nuclear degenerative changes in liquid-based cytology. HPV 18 affects KR, koilocytosis, nuclear membrane irregularity, enlargement, and nuclear diameters. Light microscopic analysis of these abnormalities increases the sensitivity and specificity of cytology in the evaluation of cellular pictures due to HPV 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Safi Oz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Türkiye
| | - Figen Barut
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Türkiye
| | - Furuzan Kokturk
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Türkiye
| | - Banu Dogan Gun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Türkiye
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4
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Tung CL, Chang HC, Yang BZ, Hou KJ, Tsai HH, Tsai CY, Yu PT. Identifying pathological slices of gastric cancer via deep learning. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:2457-2464. [PMID: 35667953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accuracy of histopathology diagnosis largely depends on the pathologist's experience. It usually takes over 10 years to cultivate a senior pathologist, and small numbers of them lead to a high workload for those available. Meanwhile, inconsistent diagnostic results may arise among different pathologists, especially in complex cases, because diagnosis based on morphology is subjective. Computerized analysis based on deep learning has shown potential benefits as a diagnostic strategy. METHODS This research aims to automatically determine the location of gastric cancer (GC) in the images of GC slices through artificial intelligence. We use image data from a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan for training. We collect images of patients diagnosed with GC from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. In this study, scanned images are used to dissect 13,600 images from 50 different patients with GC sections whose GC sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E stained) through a whole slide scanner, the scanned images from 50 different GC slice patients are divided into 80% training combinations, 2200 images of 40 patients are trained. The remaining 20%, totaling 10 people, are validated from a test set of 550 images. RESULTS The validation results show that 91% of the correct rates are interpreted as GC images through deep learning. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 84.9%, 94%, 87.7%, and 92.5%, respectively. After creating a 3D model through the grayscale value, the position of the GC is completely marked by the 3D model. The purpose of this research is to use artificial intelligence (AI) to determine the location of the GC in the image of GC slice. CONCLUSION In patients undergoing pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer, intraoperative infusion of lidocaine did not improve overall or disease-free survival. Reduced formation of circulating NETs was absent in pancreatic tumour tissue. CONCLUSION For AI to assist pathologists in daily practice, to help a pathologist making a definite diagnosis is not the prime purpose at present time. The benefits could come from cancer screening and double-check quality control in a heavy workload which could distract the attention of pathologist during the time constraint examination process. We propose a two-steps method to identify cancerous areas in endoscopic gastric biopsy slices via deep learning. Then a 3D model is used to further mark all the positions of GC in the picture, and the model overcomes the problem that deep learning can't catch all GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Tung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Cheng Chang
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan; Information Technology Department, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Zhi Yang
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan; Information Technology Department, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Jen Hou
- Information Technology Department, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsu Tsai
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Data Science and Information Computing National Chung Hsing University
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Ta Yu
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Sun Y, You S, Du X, Spaulding A, Liu ZG, Chaney EJ, Spillman DR, Marjanovic M, Tu H, Boppart SA. Real-time three-dimensional histology-like imaging by label-free nonlinear optical microscopy. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:2177-2190. [PMID: 33139997 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The current gold-standard formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) histology typically requires several days for tissue fixing, embedding, sectioning, and staining to provide depth-resolved tissue feature visualization. During these time- and labor- intense processes, the in vivo tissue dynamics and three-dimensional structures undergo inevitable loss and distortion. Methods A simultaneous label-free autofluorescence multiharmonic (SLAM) microscope is used to conduct ex vivo and in vivo imaging of fresh human and rat tissues. Four nonlinear optical imaging modalities are integrated into this SLAM microscope, including second harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon fluorescence (2PF), third harmonic generation (THG), and three-photon fluorescence (3PF). By imaging fresh human and rat tissues without any tissue processing or staining, various biological tissue features are effectively visualized by one or multiple imaging modalities of the SLAM microscope. In particular, some of the most essential features in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histology, such as collagen fibers and nuclei, are also present in the SLAM microscopy images with good contrast. Because nuclei are evident from negative contrast, the nuclei are segmented from the SLAM images using deep learning. Finally, a color-transforming algorithm is developed to convert the grey-scale images acquired by the SLAM microscope to the virtually H&E-stained histology-like images. The converted histology-like images are later compared with the FFPE histology at the same tissue site. In addition, the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios (N/C ratios) of the cells in the SLAM image are quantified, which has diagnostic relevance for cancer. Results Various histological correlations are identified with high similarities for the color-converted histology-like SLAM microscopy images. By applying the color transforming algorithm on real-time SLAM image sequences and 3D SLAM image stacks, we report, for the first time and to the best our knowledge, real-time 3D histology-like imaging. Furthermore, the quantified N/C ratio of the cells in the SLAM image are overlaid on the converted histology-like image as a new image contrast. Conclusions We demonstrated real-time 3D histology-like imaging and its future potential using SLAM microscopy aided by color remapping and deep-learning-based feature segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sixian You
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Du
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Allison Spaulding
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Z George Liu
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Eric J Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Darold R Spillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Haohua Tu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Metibemu DS, Akinloye OA, Akamo AJ, Okoye JO, Ojo DA, Morifi E, Omotuyi IO. Carotenoid isolates of Spondias mombin demonstrate anticancer effects in DMBA-induced breast cancer in Wistar rats through X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) antagonism and anti-inflammation. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13523. [PMID: 33084091 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) that is constantly overexpressed in cancer is a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatments. The mechanisms of the anticancer effects of carotenoid isolates of Spondias mombim in DMBA-induced breast cancer in Wistar rats through XIAP antagonism were investigated in the present study. Carotenoids isolated from the leaves of Spondias mombim were subjected to Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) and Electrospray Ionization (ESI) for characterization. The characterized carotenoid isolates were docked against XIAP BIR2 domain and XIAP BIR3 domain. The anticancer effects of the carotenoid isolates of Spondias mombim in DMBA-induced breast cancer in Wistar rats were also investigated through the expression of XIAP, COX-2, TNF, BCl-2 mRNAs by qRT-PCR and biochemical parameters of catalase, lipid peroxidation, LDH, ALP, and ALT. These show the carotenoid isolates demonstrate anticancer effects by antagonism of XIAP, proapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present study showed that carotenoids (astaxanthin, β-carotene-15,15'-epoxide, and 7,7',8,8'-tetrahydro-β, β-carotene) isolated from the leaves of Spondias mombim are proapoptotic, it further gives credence to the chemopreventive abilities of carotenoids. This study validated XIAP as a druggable target in cancer treatment and hence more phytochemicals should be screened against it, for possible lead compounds of plant origin. Cancer cells often explore XIAP for antiapoptotic and resistance tendencies, hence, β-carotene-15,15'-epoxide and 7,7',8,8'-tetrahydro-β, β-carotene (XIAP antagonists) are promising drug candidates that can withstand resistant and prone cancer cells to apoptotic cell death. There is a need to synthesize β-carotene-15,15'-epoxide and 7,7',8,8'-tetrahydro-β for further investigation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilohun Samuel Metibemu
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Adio Jamiu Akamo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Jude Ogechukwu Okoye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - David Ajiboye Ojo
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Eric Morifi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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A Diagnostic Challenge: Changes in Histopathologic Tumor Diagnosis of Atypical Squamous Proliferations After Surgical Removal. Dermatol Surg 2019; 45:1217-1221. [PMID: 30730345 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biopsy-proven "atypical squamous proliferations" (ASPs) may prove difficult to diagnose histologically because of partial sampling, lack of complete criteria for definitive diagnosis, or overlap of histopathological features with other neoplasms. There are no guidelines concerning the management of ASPs. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively clarify the diagnosis of biopsy-proven ASPs after surgical removal, specifically, to ascertain what fraction represent malignant tumors. METHODS Medical records of patients who underwent surgical removal of biopsy-proven ASPs in an academic dermatologic surgical unit from June 2008 to July 2013 were examined. The resultant histopathologic diagnosis of these lesions after surgical removal, along with other demographic data, was obtained. RESULTS Of the 71 biopsy-proven ASPs that were treated by surgical removal in the study period, 54.9% exhibited resultant pathologic diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). CONCLUSION Biopsy-proven ASPs present a therapeutic challenge. The authors' data illustrate the importance of subsequent tissue sampling, as these lesions often represent NMSCs.
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8
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Breaking the scale: how disrupting the karyoplasmic ratio gives cancer cells an advantage for metastatic invasion. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1333-1344. [PMID: 29150524 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear size normally scales with the size of the cell, but in cancer this 'karyoplasmic ratio' is disrupted. This is particularly so in more metastatic tumors where changes in the karyoplasmic ratio are used in both diagnosis and prognosis for several tumor types. However, the direction of nuclear size changes differs for particular tumor types: for example in breast cancer, larger nuclear size correlates with increased metastasis, while for lung cancer smaller nuclear size correlates with increased metastasis. Thus, there must be tissue-specific drivers of the nuclear size changes, but proteins thus far linked to nuclear size regulation are widely expressed. Notably, for these tumor types, ploidy changes have been excluded as the basis for nuclear size changes, and so, the increased metastasis is more likely to have a basis in the nuclear morphology change itself. We review what is known about nuclear size regulation and postulate how such nuclear size changes can increase metastasis and why the directionality can differ for particular tumor types.
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9
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Damps T, Laskowska AK, Kowalkowski T, Prokopowicz M, Puszko AK, Sosnowski P, Czuwara J, Konop M, Różycki K, Borkowska JK, Misicka A, Rudnicka L. The effect of wool hydrolysates on squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. Possible implications for cancer treatment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184034. [PMID: 28859143 PMCID: PMC5578621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is the second most common cutaneous malignancy. Despite various available treatment methods and advances in noninvasive diagnostic techniques, the incidence of metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is rising. Deficiency in effective preventive or treatment methods of transformed keratinocytes leads to necessity of searching for new anticancer agents. The present study aims to evaluate the possibility of using wool hydrolysates as such agents. Commercially available compounds such as 5-fluorouracil, ingenol mebutate, diclofenac sodium salt were also used in this study. The process of wool degradation was based on chemical pre-activation and enzymatic digestion of wool. The effect of mentioned compounds on cell viability of squamous carcinoma cell line and healthy keratinocytes was evaluated. The obtained data show a significantly stronger effect of selected wool hydrolysates compared to commercial compounds (p<0.05) on viability of cells. The wool hydrolysates decreased squamous cell carcinoma cells viability by up to 67% comparing to untreated cells. These results indicate bioactive properties of wool hydrolysates, which affect the viability of squamous carcinoma cells and decrease their number. We hypothesize that these agents may be used topically for treatment of transformed keratinocytes in actinic keratosis and invasive squamous skin cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Damps
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Katarzyna Laskowska
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalkowski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Monika Prokopowicz
- Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, CePT, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Sosnowski
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Konop
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Różycki
- Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, CePT, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Karolina Borkowska
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Misicka
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Klemp M, Meinke MC, Weinigel M, Röwert-Huber HJ, König K, Ulrich M, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Comparison of morphologic criteria for actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma using in vivo multiphoton tomography. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:218-22. [PMID: 26659897 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The routine diagnostic procedure of actinic keratosis (AK) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a histological examination after taking a biopsy. In the past decades, non-invasive optical methods for skin examination have been developed. Patients with clinical diagnosis of AK or SCC were examined. The morphological criteria were determined for healthy, AK and SCC skin and compared for statistically significant differences. In this study, the applicability of multiphoton tomography (MPT) as an in vivo diagnostic tool for AK and SCC was evaluated. Changes in the morphology of the keratinocytes such as broadened epidermis, large intercellular spaces, enlarged nucleus and a large variance in cell shape could easily be recognized. The cell nuclei of AK and SCC were significantly larger compared to healthy skin cells in all cell layers. The nucleus-cytoplasm ratio was also significantly higher for AK and SCC than for the healthy skin cells. It was even higher in SCC compared to spinous and basal cell layer of AK. The cell density in AK and SCC was significantly lower than in the basal and spinous cell layers of healthy skin. In SCC, the cell density was significantly lower than in AK. Concerning the intercellular spaces, significant differences were found for AK and healthy skin in spinous and basal cell layer and for SCC compared to AK and healthy skin. In this study, MPT proved to be a valuable non-invasive imaging method for in vivo detection and discrimination of AK and SCC from healthy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Klemp
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Röwert-Huber
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten König
- JenLab GmbH, Jena, Germany.,Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Juergen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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de Las Heras JI, Schirmer EC. The nuclear envelope and cancer: a diagnostic perspective and historical overview. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:5-26. [PMID: 24563341 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been diagnosed for millennia, but its cellular nature only began to be understood in the mid-nineteenth century when advances in microscopy allowed detailed specimen observations. It was soon noted that cancer cells often possessed nuclei that were altered in size and/or shape. This became an important criterion for cancer diagnosis that continues to be used today. The mechanisms linking nuclear abnormalities and cancer only started to be understood in the second half of the twentieth century, with the discovery of nuclear lamina composition differences in cancer cells compared to normal cells. The nuclear envelope, rather than providing a mere physical barrier between the genetic material in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, is a very important functional hub for many cellular processes. In this review we give an overview of the links between cancer biology and nuclear envelope, from the early days of microscopy until the present day's understanding of some of the molecular mechanisms behind those links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose I de Las Heras
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Building, Room 5.21, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK,
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