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Wang W, Deng J, Yin C, Wang F, Zhang C, Yu C, Gong S, Zhan X, Chen S, Shen D. Study of association between corneal shape parameters and axial length elongation during orthokeratology using image-pro plus software. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:163. [PMID: 38609888 PMCID: PMC11010382 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to validate the correlation between corneal shape parameters and axial length growth (ALG) during orthokeratology using Image-Pro Plus (IPP) 6.0 software. METHODS This retrospective study used medical records of myopic children aged 8-13 years (n = 104) undergoing orthokeratology. Their corneal topography and axial length were measured at baseline and subsequent follow-ups after lens wear. Corneal shape parameters, including the treatment zone (TZ) area, TZ diameter, TZ fractal dimension, TZ radius ratio, eccentric distance, pupil area, and pupillary peripheral steepened zone(PSZ) area, were measured using IPP software. The impact of corneal shape parameters at 3 months post-orthokeratology visit on 1.5-year ALG was evaluated using multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS ALG exhibited significant associations with age, TZ area, TZ diameter, TZ fractal dimension, and eccentric distance on univariate linear regression analysis. Multivariate regression analysis identified age, TZ area, and eccentric distance as significantly correlated with ALG (all P < 0.01), with eccentric distance showing the strongest correlation (β = -0.370). The regressive equation was y = 1.870 - 0.235a + 0.276b - 0.370c, where y represents ALG, a represents age, b represents TZ area, and c represents eccentric distance; R2 = 0.27). No significant relationships were observed between the TZ radius ratio, pupillary PSZ area, and ALG. CONCLUSIONS IPP software proves effective in capturing precise corneal shape parameters after orthokeratology. Eccentric distance, rather than age or the TZ area, significantly influences ALG retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
| | - J Deng
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Yin
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - F Wang
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - C Zhang
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - C Yu
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Gong
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Zhan
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Chen
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - D Shen
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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The Effect of Corneal Refractive Power Area Changes on Myopia Progression during Orthokeratology. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:5530162. [PMID: 35757379 PMCID: PMC9225887 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5530162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of corneal refractive power area changes on myopia progression during orthokeratology. Methods One hundred and sixteen children who met the inclusion criteria and insisted on wearing orthokeratology lenses for two years were retrospectively assessed. Seventy-two children with the orthokeratology lens decentration distance more than 0.5 mm but less than 1.5 mm were in the decentered group, and forty-four children with the orthokeratology lens decentration distance less than 0.5 mm were in the centric group. The orthokeratology decentration via tangential difference topography was analyzed. This study calculated the different power areas in the central 4 mm pupillary area by axial-difference corneal topography, compared the differences of the different power areas between these two groups, and evaluated the relationships between corneal positive-power area, orthokeratology decentration, and AL changes. Results The axial length changes of the centric group presented a statistical difference with the decentered group (0.52 ± 0.37 mm vs. 0.38 ± 0.26 mm; t = 2.403, p=0.018). For all children, both the AL changes (0.43 ± 0.31 mm) and decentration distance (0.64 ± 0.33 mm) showed a significant correlation with the positive-power area (r = −0.366, p < 0.001 and r = 0.624, p < 0.001); AL changes also presented a statistical correlation with decentration distance (r = −0.343, p < 0.001), baseline age (r = −0.329, p < 0.001), and baseline spherical equivalent refractive power (r = 0.335, p < 0.001). In the centric group and decentered group, the AL changes (centric group: r = −0.319, p=0.035; decentered group: r = −0.332, p=0.04) and decentration distance (centric group: r = 0.462, p=0.002; decentered group: r = 0.524, p < 0.001) had a significant correlation with the positive-power area yet. In the multiple regression analysis, AL changes were increased with less baseline age (beta, 0.015; p < 0.001), positive-power area (beta, 0.021; p=0.002), and larger SER (beta, 0.025; p=0.018). Conclusions The corneal positive-power area had a positive impact on affirming AL changes during orthokeratology. This area might be formed by lens decentration to provide an additional myopia-defocusing influence on the retina to achieve better myopia control.
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Xu J, Tao C, Mao X, Lu X, Bao J, Drobe B, Chen H. Blur Detection Sensitivity Increases in Children Using Orthokeratology. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:630844. [PMID: 33790734 PMCID: PMC8006440 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.630844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate changes in blur detection sensitivity in children using orthokeratology (Ortho-K) and explore the relationships between blur detection thresholds (BDTs) and aberrations and accommodative function. Methods Thirty-two children aged 8–14 years old who underwent Ortho-K treatment participated in and completed this study. Their BDTs, aberrations, and accommodative responses (ARs) were measured before and after a month of Ortho-K treatment. A two forced-choice double-staircase procedure with varying extents of blur in three images (Tumbling Es, Lena, and Street View) was used to measure the BDTs. The participants were required to judge whether the images looked blurry. The BDT of each of the images (BDT_Es, BDT_Lena, and BDT_Street) was the average value of the last three reversals. The accommodative lag was quantified by the difference between the AR and the accommodative demand (AD). Changes in the BDTs, aberrations, and accommodative lags and their relationships were analyzed. Results After a month of wearing Ortho-K lenses, the children’s BDT_Es and BDT_Lena values decreased, the aberrations increased significantly (for all, P ≤0.050), and the accommodative lag decreased to a certain extent [T(31) = 2.029, P = 0.051]. Before Ortho-K treatment, higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were related to BDT_Lena (r = 0.463, P = 0.008) and the accommodative lag was related to BDT_Es (r = −0.356, P = −0.046). After one month, no significant correlations were found between the BDTs and aberrations or accommodative lags, as well as between the variations of them (for all, P ≥ 0.069). Conclusion Ortho-K treatment increased the children’s level of blur detection sensitivity, which may have contributed to their good visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,WEIRC, Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunwen Tao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinjie Mao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,WEIRC, Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Bao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,WEIRC, Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Björn Drobe
- WEIRC, Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center, Wenzhou, China.,R&D AMERA, Essilor International, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,WEIRC, Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center, Wenzhou, China
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Age-related Changes in Crystalline Lens Tilt and Decentration: A Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography Study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2021; 47:1290-1295. [PMID: 33769810 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the age-related tilt and decentration of crystalline lenses using a swept-source optical coherence tomography biometer (Casia 2, TOMEY, Japan). Setting Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods The direction and magnitude of the crystalline lens were evaluated in 230 participants with ages ranging from 7 to 90 years using swept-source optical coherence tomography. The participants were divided into four age groups, and the differences among the groups were analyzed. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the main factors influencing crystalline lens tilt and decentration. Results The natural crystalline lens tilted towards the inferotemporal direction with a mean magnitude of 4.3+/-1.5[degrees] (range 0.7-8.95[degrees]). The average decentration toward the superotemporal direction was 0.17+/-0.12 mm (range 0.03-1.15 mm). There was mirror symmetry between the right and left eyes. There were significant differences in the crystalline lens tilt and decentration among the age groups. Multiple linear regression showed that changes in crystalline lens tilt depended on angle [alpha] (p<.01) and anterior chamber depth (ACD; P=.008), while crystalline lens decentration depended on angle [kappa] (P=.003), age (P<.01), and angle [alpha] (P=.002). Conclusions Although there was a significant difference in crystalline lens tilt and decentration among age groups, the variation in the crystalline lens position was partially affected by age. The crystalline lens tilt was greater in eyes with wider angle [alpha] and shallower ACD, while crystalline lens decentration was greater in younger eyes with wider angles [kappa] and [alpha].
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Orthokeratology With a New Contact Lens Design in Hyperopia: A Pilot Study. Eye Contact Lens 2020; 46:e17-e23. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen R, Chen Y, Lipson M, Kang P, Lian H, Zhao Y, McAlinden C, Huang J. The Effect of Treatment Zone Decentration on Myopic Progression during Or-thokeratology. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:645-651. [PMID: 31560222 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1673438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between magnitude of orthokeratology (OrthoK) treatment zone decentration and 2-year axial length (AL) elongation in myopic children.Methods: One-hundred and one Chinese children who wore OrthoK contact lenses for 2 years. The magnitude and direction of the OrthoK treatment zone center from the entrance pupil center were recorded after 3 and 24 months of lens wear along with AL measurement. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess which factors significantly affected an increase in AL.Results: After 3 and 24 months of OrthoK treatment, the mean (± standard deviation [SD]) magnitude of the OrthoK treatment zone decentration was 0.64 ± 0.38 mm and 0.68 ± 0.32 mm, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two time points (P > .05). After 2 years of OrthoK contact lenses wear, the mean (± SD) AL growth was 0.36 ± 0.34 mm. The axial elongation was slightly correlated with baseline age of subjects (r = -0.073, P < .001), baseline spherical equivalent refractive error (r = -0.088, P < .001) and magnitude decentration of treatment zone (r = -0.190, P = .027).Conclusions: The decentration of OrthoK treatment zone stabilizes after 3 months of lens wear and slightly decreases AL growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruru Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Michael Lipson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan, Northville, Michigan, USA
| | - Pauline Kang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hengli Lian
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yune Zhao
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Colm McAlinden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend, UK
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hughes RP, Vincent SJ, Read SA, Collins MJ. Higher order aberrations, refractive error development and myopia control: a review. Clin Exp Optom 2019; 103:68-85. [PMID: 31489693 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from animal and human studies suggests that ocular growth is influenced by visual experience. Reduced retinal image quality and imposed optical defocus result in predictable changes in axial eye growth. Higher order aberrations are optical imperfections of the eye that alter retinal image quality despite optimal correction of spherical defocus and astigmatism. Since higher order aberrations reduce retinal image quality and produce variations in optical vergence across the entrance pupil of the eye, they may provide optical signals that contribute to the regulation and modulation of eye growth and refractive error development. The magnitude and type of higher order aberrations vary with age, refractive error, and during near work and accommodation. Furthermore, distinctive changes in higher order aberrations occur with various myopia control treatments, including atropine, near addition spectacle lenses, orthokeratology and soft multifocal and dual-focus contact lenses. Several plausible mechanisms have been proposed by which higher order aberrations may influence axial eye growth, the development of refractive error, and the treatment effect of myopia control interventions. Future studies of higher order aberrations, particularly during childhood, accommodation, and treatment with myopia control interventions are required to further our understanding of their potential role in refractive error development and eye growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Pj Hughes
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen J Vincent
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott A Read
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael J Collins
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Gifford KL, Richdale K, Kang P, Aller TA, Lam CS, Liu YM, Michaud L, Mulder J, Orr JB, Rose KA, Saunders KJ, Seidel D, Tideman JWL, Sankaridurg P. IMI - Clinical Management Guidelines Report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:M184-M203. [PMID: 30817832 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Best practice clinical guidelines for myopia control involve an understanding of the epidemiology of myopia, risk factors, visual environment interventions, and optical and pharmacologic treatments, as well as skills to translate the risks and benefits of a given myopia control treatment into lay language for both the patient and their parent or caregiver. This report details evidence-based best practice management of the pre-, stable, and the progressing myope, including risk factor identification, examination, selection of treatment strategies, and guidelines for ongoing management. Practitioner considerations such as informed consent, prescribing off-label treatment, and guides for patient and parent communication are detailed. The future research directions of myopia interventions and treatments are discussed, along with the provision of clinical references, resources, and recommendations for continuing professional education in this growing area of clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Gifford
- Private Practice and Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Pauline Kang
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas A Aller
- Private Practice and University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Carly S Lam
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Y Maria Liu
- University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | | | - Jeroen Mulder
- University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janis B Orr
- Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn A Rose
- University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Dirk Seidel
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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The Topographical Effect of Optical Zone Diameter in Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in High Myopes. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:1082472. [PMID: 30719336 PMCID: PMC6334375 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1082472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of the optical zone diameter (OZ) in orthokeratology contact lenses regarding the topographical profile in patients with high myopia (−4.00 D to −7.00 D) and to study its effect over the visual quality. Materials and Methods Twelve patients (18 eyes) were fitted with overnight orthokeratology (OrthoK) with a randomized 6 mm or 5 mm OZ lens worn for 2 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period, between both designs. Keratometry (K) readings, optical zone treatment diameter (OZT), peripheral ring width (PRW), higher-order aberrations (HOA), high (HC) and low contrast (LC) visual acuity, and subjective vision and comfort were measured at baseline and after 2 weeks of OrthoK lens wear of each contact lens. Results No significant differences were found between any measurements for the same subject at both baselines (p value > 0.05). There was no difference between OZ lens designs found in refraction, subjective vision or comfort, and HC and LC visual acuity. Contrast sensitivity was decreased in the 5 mm OZ lens design compared with 6 mm OZ design (p-value < 0.05). 5 mm OZ design provoked a greater flattening, more powerful midperipheral ring and 4th-order corneal and total spherical aberration than the 6 mm OZ design, being statistically significant after 7 days, for corneal aberration, and 15 days, for corneal and total, of wearing the lens (p-value < 0.05). The OZT obtained were 2.8 ± 0.2 mm and 3.1 ± 0.1 mm for 5 mm and 6 mm OZ design, respectively (p-value < 0.05). Regarding PRW, the 5 mm OZ design had a wider ring width in both the nasal and temporal zones (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions A smaller diameter optical zone (5 mm) in orthokeratology lenses produces a smaller treatment area and a larger and more powerful midperipheral ring, increasing the 4th-order spherical aberration that affects only the contrast sensitivity but without differences in visual acuity and subjective vision compared with a larger OZ diameter (6 mm).
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Short-Term and Long-Term Changes in Corneal Power Are Not Correlated With Axial Elongation of the Eye Induced by Orthokeratology in Children. Eye Contact Lens 2018; 44:260-267. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Reliability of Ocular Aberration Measurements in Children with Moderate and Low Myopia under Scotopic Conditions. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:2043718. [PMID: 29607213 PMCID: PMC5828559 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2043718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the reliability of ocular aberration measurement in myopic children under scotopic conditions and to validate the mathematical Zernike pupil scaling-down technique. Methods Ocular aberrations of 45 myopic children were examined under scotopic conditions via iTrace aberrometer. The intra- and intersession repeatability was evaluated for both the measured values with the true pupil sizes and the estimated ones that were determined by scaling down the pupil sizes to the largest integer value across all measurements. Results The intra- and intersession difference of clinically measured aberration was generally insignificant, and the ICCs for each aberration component exhibited good to excellent reliability (ICCs > 0.4). Similar results were found for the estimated aberration using the scaling-down technique. Although the majority of the estimated Zernike components were comparable with the corresponding measured one, the estimated values of defocus, coma, and the corresponding total aberrations were found significantly smaller than the measured values (all P < 0.01). Conclusions The ocular aberration measurements in myopic children under the circumstances described are reliable. The scaling-down technique is a useful option for comparing the results obtained from different pupil sizes, but the estimated Zernike coefficients were not always comparable with the corresponding measured values.
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Chen J, Huang W, Zhu R, Jiang J, Li Y. Influence of overnight orthokeratology lens fitting decentration on corneal topography reshaping. EYE AND VISION 2018; 5:5. [PMID: 29564358 PMCID: PMC5853138 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-018-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background This retrospective study was designed to investigate the sole influence of orthokeratology (OK) lens fitting decentration on the Zernike coefficients of the reshaped anterior corneal surface. Methods This study comprised a review of 106 right eyes and measurements of corneal topography both before OK and at 1-month follow-up visit. A routine was designed to calculate local corneal surface astigmatism and assist the determination of OK lens fitting decentration from pupil center. The pupil-centered corneal Zernike coefficients of baseline (PCCB) and post-treatment (PCCP) were calculated. Meanwhile, the OK-lens-centered corneal Zernike coefficients of post-treatment (OCCP) were also calculated and considered as the presumptive ideal fitting group without decentration. Relationships between lens fitting decentration and the change of Zernike coefficients including (PCCP − PCCB) and (PCCP − OCCP) were analyzed. Results Patients with a mean age of 11 ± 2.36 years old had an average spherical equivalent refractive error of −3.52 ± 1.06 D before OK. One month after treatment, OK lens fitting decentration from pupil center was 0.68 ± 0.35 mm. RMS of 3rd-order (P < 0.05), RMS of 4th-order (P < 0.001) and RMS of total high order (P < 0.001) corneal Zernike coefficients were increased in PCCP by comparing with OCCP, which was solely caused by lens fitting decentration. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ {C}_3^{-1} $$\end{document}C3−1 (r = 0.904, P < 0.001). Conclusions OK lens fitting decentration within 1.5 mm hardly influenced the change of corneal spherical power for myopia correction, but significantly induced additional corneal high order Zernike coefficients including \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojie Chen
- 1School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang China
| | - Wei Huang
- 1School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang China
| | - Rong Zhu
- 1School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang China
| | - Jun Jiang
- 1School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang China
| | - Yiyu Li
- 1School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang China.,2Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027 China
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Short- and Long-Term Changes in Corneal Aberrations and Axial Length Induced by Orthokeratology in Children Are Not Correlated. Eye Contact Lens 2017; 43:358-363. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Interaction between Corneal and Internal Ocular Aberrations Induced by Orthokeratology and Its Influential Factors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3703854. [PMID: 28845432 PMCID: PMC5563403 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3703854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the interaction between corneal, internal, and total wavefront aberrations (WAs) and their influential factors during orthokeratology (OK) treatment in Chinese adolescents. Methods Thirty teenagers (n = 30 eyes) were enrolled in the study; spherical equivalent refraction (SE), corneal curvature radius (CCR), central corneal thickness (CCT), WAs, and the difference in limbal transverse diameter and OK lens diameter (ΔLLD) were detected before and after one-month OK treatment. Every component of WAs was measured simultaneously by iTrace aberrometer. The influential factors of OK-induced WAs were analyzed. Results SE and CCT decreased while CCR increased significantly (P < 0.01). Higher-order aberrations (HOAs), Spherical aberrations (SAs), and coma increased significantly (P < 0.01). Corneal horizontal coma (Z31-C) and corneal spherical aberrations (Z40-C) increased (P < 0.01). The HOAs, coma, SAs, Z31-C, Z31-T, Z40-C, and Z40-T were positively correlated with SE and CCR (P < 0.01). Z3−1-C showed negative correlations with (ΔLLD) and positive correlations with SE (P < 0.05). Conclusions The increase in OK-induced HOAs is mainly attributed to Z31 and Z40 of cornea. Z3−1 in the internal component showed a compensative effect on the corneal vertical coma. The degree of myopic correction and increase in CCR may be the essential influential factors of the increase in Z31 and Z40. The appropriate size of the OK lens may be helpful to decrease OK-induced vertical coma.
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