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Duan X, Zhou YN, Chen Y. Association between body stature and prevalence of reduced visual acuity in high school graduates in Hangzhou, China. Clin Exp Optom 2024; 107:704-708. [PMID: 37918111 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2277292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE The association between myopia and body stature is of great significance for understanding prevention and control of myopia. It has been extensively studied in previous studies but without consistent conclusions. BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the association between body stature and prevalence of reduced visual acuity in high school graduates in Hangzhou, China. METHODS 50,620 high school graduates who finished the physical examination of the national college entrance examination in 2020 were included. Data were derived from the database of physical examination of the national college entrance examination. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the general formula. Visual acuity was measured by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. RESULTS The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was 90.38% in high school graduates. Girls had a higher prevalence of reduced visual acuity than boys (93.07% vs 87.60%, P < 0.001). Boys with normal visual acuity were significantly taller (P < 0.001) and heavier (P < 0.001) than those with reduced visual acuity. Girls with normal visual acuity were significantly taller than those with reduced visual acuity (P < 0.001). The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was significantly inversely associated with height in both boys (P < 0.001) and girls (P < 0.001). The risk of reduced visual acuity was the lowest in the fourth quartile of height. The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was significantly associated with BMI only in boys (P < 0.001). The risk of reduced visual acuity was the lowest in the third quartile of BMI. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was inversely associated with height in both boys and girls, and there was a U-shaped association with BMI only in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People 's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhou
- Department of Self-study Examination, Hangzhou Education Examination Authority, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of National College Entrance Examination, Hangzhou Education Examination Authority, Hangzhou, China
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Kuoliene K, Danieliene E, Tutkuviene J. Eye morphometry, body size, and flexibility parameters in myopic adolescents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6787. [PMID: 38514709 PMCID: PMC10958051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical and physiological ocular parameters in adolescents with myopia and to examine the relations between refractive error (SER), ocular biometry, body size and flexibility parameters in myopic adolescents. A cross-sectional study of 184 myopic adolescents, aged 15 to 19 years was conducted. Refractive error and corneal curvature measures of the eye were evaluated using an autorefractometer under cycloplegia. Central corneal thickness was determined by contact pachymetry. The ocular axial length, anterior and vitreous chamber depth, and lens thickness were measured using A-scan biometry ultrasonography. Height and body weight were measured according to a standardized protocol. Body mass index (BMI) was subsequently calculated. Beighton scale was used to measure joint flexibility. Body stature was positively correlated with ocular axial length (r = 0.39, p < 0.001) and vitreous chamber depth (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between height and SER (r = - 0.46; p < 0.001). Beighton score and body weight had weak positive correlations with axial length and vitreous chamber depth, and a weak negative correlation with SER. A significantly more negative SER was observed in the increased joint mobility group (p < 0.05; U = 5065.5) as compared to normal joint mobility group: mean - 4.37 ± 1.85 D (median - 4.25; IQR - 6.25 to - 3.25 D) and mean - 3.72 ± 1.66 D (median - 3.50; IQR - 4.75 to - 2.25 D) respectively. There was a strong association between height and axial length, as well as SER. Higher degree of myopia significantly correlated with greater Beighton score (increased joint mobility).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kuoliene
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egle Danieliene
- Clinic of Ear, Nose, Throat and Eye Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Tutkuviene
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Li L, Liao C, Zhang X, Lu J, Zeng Y, Fu M, Wang D. Association between body stature with ocular biometrics and refraction among Chinese preschoolers. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:107. [PMID: 38448947 PMCID: PMC10916180 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association of body stature with ocular biometrics and refraction in preschool children. METHODS A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted in Shenzhen, China. Preschool children aged 3 to 6 from 10 randomly-selected kindergartens were recruited. Ocular biometric parameters, including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), vitreous chamber depth (VCD), corneal radius curvature (CR), axial length to corneal radius ratio (AL-to-CR ratio) and lens thickness (LT) were measured using non-contact partial-coherence laser interferometry. Cycloplegic refractions were obtained by a desktop autorefractor. Body height and weight were measured using standard procedures. The association between body stature and ocular biometrics were analyzed with univariable and multivariable regression model. RESULTS A total of 373 preschoolers were included. AL, ACD, VCD, CR, and AL-to-CR ratio, were positively associated with height and weight (p < 0.05), whereas LT was negatively associated with height and weight (p < 0.01). No association was observed between stature and central cornea thickness and refraction. After adjusted for age and gender in a multivariable regression model, AL had positive associations with height (p < 0.01) and weight (p < 0.01). However, refraction had no significant association with stature parameters. CONCLUSION Taller and heavier preschoolers had eyes with longer AL, deeper vitreous chamber, and flatter cornea. The significant associations between body stature and ocular biometric parameters reveal the driving influence of body development on the growth of eyeballs in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Li
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian district, 510060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chimei Liao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54S.Xianlie Road, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian district, 510060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Lu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian district, 510060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfa Zeng
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54S.Xianlie Road, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Fu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian district, 510060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Decai Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54S.Xianlie Road, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Okabe N, Takahashi A, Shigemoto Y, Kogure C, Ooka T, Shinohara R, Otawa S, Kobayashi A, Horiuchi S, Kushima M, Yamagata Z, Kashiwagi K. Refractive Error and Axial Length and Their Related Factors in 8-Year-Old Japanese Children: The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). J Clin Med 2023; 12:5929. [PMID: 37762870 PMCID: PMC10532322 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the distribution of visual acuity, refractive error, and axial length in 8-year-old children who participated in an additional survey in Yamanashi Prefecture of the Japan Environmental Children's Study (hereafter referred to as JECS-Y) conducted from 2019 to 2021. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Eight-year-old children who participated in the JECS-Y study were subjected to noncycloplegic measurements of refractive error and axial length. If the uncorrected visual acuity was less than 20/20, the best corrected visual acuity was evaluated in accordance with the autorefraction data. A questionnaire was administered regarding the parent's history of eyeglass wear or contact lens use. RESULTS Among the 400 participating children, the rate of uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better in both eyes was 70.4%. The mean equivalent spherical equivalent error for both eyes was -0.366 ± 1.016 D. The mean axial length was 23.08 ± 0.225 mm in all patients. The males showed significantly longer axial length than the females despite no differences in body height. There was a significant correlation between axial length, spherical refractive, and uncorrected visual acuity. The children of parents with a history of wearing eyeglasses or contact lenses showed a significantly more myopic equivalent refractive error than those without a history. CONCLUSIONS This study clarified the current state of refractive error in 8-year-old children and the association of inheritance with refractive error. In addition, the axials were significantly longer in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Okabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (N.O.); (C.K.)
| | - Airi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (N.O.); (C.K.)
| | - Yumi Shigemoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (N.O.); (C.K.)
| | - Chio Kogure
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (N.O.); (C.K.)
| | - Tadao Ooka
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (T.O.)
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Sanae Otawa
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kobayashi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Megumi Kushima
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (T.O.)
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (N.O.); (C.K.)
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Noya-Padin V, Garcia-Queiruga J, Iacubitchii M, Giraldez MJ, Yebra-Pimentel E, Pena-Verdeal H. Lenstar LS900 vs EchoScan US-800: comparison between optical and ultrasound biometry with and without contact lenses and its relationship with other biometric parameters. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023. [PMID: 37402231 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2233410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing use of contact lenses (CL) and the interest in ocular and body size relationships, this study aimed to compare measurements from two biometers (contact ultrasonic EchoScan US-800 and non-contact optical Lenstar LS900) with and without CL and to explore the relationship between ocular and body biometric parameters. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study measured ocular biometry using two biometers along with their body height and right foot length in 50 participants. Differences between biometry data from the two devices were compared and correlations between ocular and body biometric values were analyzed. RESULTS All parameters showed interbiometric differences (p ≤ 0.030), except crystalline lens thickness during CL wear (p = 0.159). Comparing measurements with and without CL, differences were observed in axial length (p < 0.001), vitreous length measured by optical biometer (p = 0.016), and anterior chamber depth by ultrasonic biometer (p < 0.016). Lens thickness remained unaffected (p ≥ 0.190). Body height and foot length were correlated with anterior chamber depth, vitreous length, and axial length (p ≤ 0.019, r ≥ 0.330). Most biometric parameters were correlated among them using both devices (p ≤ 0.037, r ≥ 0.296). CONCLUSIONS These biometers are not interchangeable and CL affects measurements. Body height and foot length correlate with ocular dimensions, and most ocular biometric values correlate positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Noya-Padin
- Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jacobo Garcia-Queiruga
- Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Maria Iacubitchii
- Ophthalmology Department, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Maria J Giraldez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Yebra-Pimentel
- Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hugo Pena-Verdeal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Vera-Diaz FA, Jnawali A, Panorgias A, Bex PJ, Kerber KL. Baseline metrics that may predict future myopia in young children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:466-481. [PMID: 36892148 PMCID: PMC10416753 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We used baseline data from the PICNIC longitudinal study to investigate structural, functional, behavioural and heritable metrics that may predict future myopia in young children. METHODS Cycloplegic refractive error (M) and optical biometry were obtained in 97 young children with functional emmetropia. Children were classified as high risk (HR) or low risk (LR) for myopia based on parental myopia and M. Other metrics included axial length (AXL), axial length/corneal radius (AXL/CR) and refractive centile curves. RESULTS Based on the PICNIC criteria, 46 children (26 female) were classified as HR (M = +0.62 ± 0.44 D, AXL = 22.80 ± 0.64 mm) and 51 (27 female) as LR (M = +1.26 ± 0.44 D, AXL = 22.77 ± 0.77 mm). Based on centiles, 49 children were HR, with moderate agreement compared with the PICNIC classification (k = 0.65, p < 0.01). ANCOVA with age as a covariate showed a significant effect for AXL (p < 0.01), with longer AXL and deeper anterior chamber depth (ACD) (p = 0.01) in those at HR (differences AXL = 0.16 mm, ACD = 0.13 mm). Linear regression models showed that central corneal thickness (CCT), ACD, posterior vitreous depth (PVD) (=AXL - CCT - ACD-lens thickness (LT)), corneal radius (CR) and age significantly predicted M (R = 0.64, p < 0.01). Each 1.00 D decrease in hyperopia was associated with a 0.97 mm elongation in PVD and 0.43 mm increase in CR. The ratio AXL/CR significantly predicted M (R = -0.45, p < 0.01), as did AXL (R = -0.25, p = 0.01), although to a lesser extent. CONCLUSIONS Although M and AXL were highly correlated, the classification of pre-myopic children into HR or LR was significantly different when using each parameter, with AXL/CR being the most predictive metric. At the end of the longitudinal study, we will be able to assess the predictability of each metric.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter J. Bex
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Bai WL, Kang YT, Li SM, Gan JH, Wei SF, Kang MT, Sun YY, Sun MH, Li H, Zhang FJ, Wang NL. Ocular Perfusion Pressure in 7- and 12-Year-Old Chinese Children: The Anyang Childhood Eye Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:26. [PMID: 36255359 PMCID: PMC9587466 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.10.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to report the distribution of mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) and its associated factors in Chinese children. Methods We enrolled 3048 grade 1 students and 2258 grade 7 students of the Anyang Childhood Eye Study in central China. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were recorded with a digital automatic sphygmomanometer. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was assessed by a non-contact tonometer. MOPP was calculated as 2/3 × (DBP + 1/3[SBP – DBP]) - IOP. Risk factors for myopia were obtained through a questionnaire survey. Results The MOPP was 33.83 ± 6.37 mm Hg (mean ± SD) in grade 1, which was lower than 36.99 ± 6.80 mm Hg in grade 7 (P < 0.001). Compared with myopic eyes, non-myopic eyes had higher MOPP in grade 7 (37.72 ± 6.72 mm Hg versus 36.58 ± 6.57 mm Hg, P < 0.001) and in grade 1 (33.88 ± 6.29 mm Hg versus 33.12 ± 7.03 mm Hg, P = 0.12). Multivariable analysis showed that higher MOPP was associated with less myopia (P < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI; P < 0.001), thinner central corneal thickness (P < 0.001), less time on near work (P < 0.001), and more time on sleeping (P = 0.04). Conclusions MOPP was higher in children of older age, with higher BMI, less time on near work, and more time on sleeping, and was higher in eyes with less myopia. Translational Relevance We found that MOPP might be an indicator for the detection of myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Bai
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ting Kang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ming Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-He Gan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Fei Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Tian Kang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Yun Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hao Sun
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Anyang Eye Hospital, Henan Province, Anyang, China
| | - Feng-Ju Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Li Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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von Hanno T, Hareide LL, Småbrekke L, Morseth B, Sneve M, Erke MG, Mathiesen EB, Bertelsen G. Macular Layer Thickness and Effect of BMI, Body Fat, and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Tromsø Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:16. [PMID: 35960516 PMCID: PMC9396695 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between cardiovascular risk factors and the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), and outer retina layers (ORL). Methods In this population-based study, we included participants from the Tromsø Study: Tromsø6 (2007 to 2008) and Tromsø7 (2015 to 2016). Persons with diabetes and/or diagnosed glaucoma were excluded from this study. Retinal thickness was measured on optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT) macula-scans, segmented on RNFL, GCIPL, and ORL and associations were analyzed cross-sectionally (N = 8288) and longitudinally (N = 2595). We used directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) for model selection, and linear regression to adjust for confounders and mediators in models assessing direct effects. Factors examined were age, sex, blood pressure, daily smoking, serum lipids, glycated hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI), total body fat percentage (BFP), and the adjustment variables refraction and height. Results The explained variance of cardiovascular risk factors was highest in GCIPL (0.126). GCIPL had a strong negative association with age. Women had thicker GCIPL than men at higher age and thinner ORL at all ages (P < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure was negatively associated with RNFL/GCIPL (P = 0.001/0.004), with indication of a U-shaped relationship with GCIPL in women. The negative association with BMI was strongest in men, with significant effect for RNFL/GCIPL/ORL (P = 0.001/<0.001/0.019) and in women for GCIPL/ORL (P = 0.030/0.037). BFP was negatively associated with GCIPL (P = 0.01). Higher baseline BMI was associated with a reduction in GCIPL over 8 years (P = 0.03). Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors explained 12.6% of the variance in GCIPL, with weight and blood pressure the most important modifiable factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese von Hanno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Lars Småbrekke
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bente Morseth
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Monica Sneve
- Hospital Administration, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maja Gran Erke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Directorate of eHealth, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellisiv Bøgeberg Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Geir Bertelsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Axial Growth Driven by Physical Development and Myopia among Children: A Two Year Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133642. [PMID: 35806925 PMCID: PMC9267224 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The physical process of axial length growth among children and its role in the occurrence of myopia remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we investigate the patterns of ocular axial growth among persistent myopia (PM) and persistent non-myopia (PNM) children aged 3 to 15 years. Methods: A group of 6353 children aged 3 to 15 years, selected from rural schools in China, were followed up annually for 2 years. Biometric measurements including axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were obtained. Body height was recorded. Children were divided into two groups: PM group defined as SER of −0.50 D or less; PNM group defined as −0.50 D < SER < +3.0 D during follow-up. Results: Annual AL growth was fairly consistent for PNM eyes of children aged 3 to 11 years and then reduced significantly (independent t test, p < 0.001) for children aged 12 years and older. This pattern of AL changes was similar for PM children, although the AL growth was greater among them. Among children aged 6 and older, body height change was concomitant to AL growth (p < 0.01) and SER myopic shift (p < 0.001) until reaching 12 years old (p = 0.308 and p = 0.679, respectively). Conclusions: Stature growth and AL growth are both remarkable and consistent and concomitant but start to attenuate when the children reach 10 to 12 years old among emmetropic children. This observation suggests that AL growth is driven by physical development until 12 years old, whereas its excessive growth is dominated by myopia development.
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Kim Y, Lee JH. Association of blepharoptosis with refractive error in the Korean general population. Eye (Lond) 2021; 35:3141-3146. [PMID: 34262163 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of blepharoptosis on refractive errors across different age groups in Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed with data obtained in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2012. A total of 33,103 participants were enroled in our study. Blepharoptosis was defined as a marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) less than 2 mm, and was diagnosed in 3,305 (9.98%) participants. Ophthalmic examinations were performed, including measurements of MRD1, spherical equivalent, and degree of astigmatism. The age range was divided into three groups: less than 20 years old; more than 20 years and less than 60 years old; and more than 60 years old. RESULTS The mean spherical equivalent were -0.28 ± 2.23 D in the ptotic eyelids and -1.13 ± 2.30 D in the non-ptotic eyelids (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -0.93, -0.77). The mean cylinder dioptre were -1.03 ± 0.87 D and -0.80 ± 0.77 D respectively (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.26). The association with the eyelid position and refractive error significantly differed according to the age group and body mass index. Increased positive spherical change and increased astigmatism were prominent among ptotic participants aged less than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS A decrease in MRD1 was associated with a hyperopic shift and higher astigmatism. Mechanical compression of the ptotic eyelid may affect ocular biometry, with the effect being particularly prominent in younger participants who had greater eyelid tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hyang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea.
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Lei Q, Tu H, Feng X, Ortega-Usobiaga J, Cao D, Wang Y. Distribution of ocular biometric parameters and optimal model of anterior chamber depth regression in 28,709 adult cataract patients in China using swept-source optical biometry. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:178. [PMID: 33849464 PMCID: PMC8045194 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ocular biometric parameters in adult cataract patients from China and create an anterior chamber depth (ACD) regression model. Methods The ocular biometric records of 28,709 right eyes of cataract surgery candidates who were treated at Aier Eye Hospitals in nine cities from 2018 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All measurements were taken with IOLMaster 700. We included patients who were at least 40 years old and were diagnosed with cataract. Results The mean age of the patients was 68.6 ± 11.0 years. The mean values recorded were as follows: axial length (AL), 24.17 ± 2.47 mm; mean keratometry (Km) value, 44.26 ± 1.70 D; corneal astigmatism (CA), 1.06 ± 0.96 D; ACD, 3.02 ± 0.45 mm; lens thickness (LT), 4.52 ± 0.45 mm; central corneal thickness (CCT), 0.534 ± 0.04 mm; and white to white (WTW) corneal diameter, 11.64 ± 0.46 mm. ACD correlated positively with AL (Spearman coefficient, 0.544) and WTW (0.300), but negatively with LT (-0.660) and age (-0.285) (all P < 0.01). In the multivariate regression analysis of ACD, which included LT, AL, WTW, sex, Km, CCT, and age, there was a reasonable prediction with adjusted R2 = 0.641. Conclusions Cataract patients with longer AL and wider WTW have deeper ACD. With increasing age and lens thickening ACD becomes shallower. Based on the standardized coefficients of ACD multivariate regression analysis from the study, LT is the main factor that affects ACD, and is followed by AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lei
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haixia Tu
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Feng
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Julio Ortega-Usobiaga
- Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Cl í nica Baviera-AIER Eye Hospital Group, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Danmin Cao
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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