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Diamond DF, Hirji S, Xing SX, Gorroochurn P, Horowitz JD, Wang Q, Park L, Harizman N, Maruri SC, Henriquez DR, Liebmann JM, Cioffi GA, Hark LA. Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-Up Study (NYC-SIGHT): optometric exam improves access and utilization of eye care services. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1619-1631. [PMID: 38189973 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the benefits of optometric evaluation for detection of vision-affecting conditions in the context of community-based eye health screenings and identify factors associated with having a recent dilated eye exam. METHODS Enrolled participants were age 40 and older, living independently in affordable housing developments in New York City. Eye health screening failure and criteria for seeing the on-site study optometrist were defined as visual acuity 20/40 or worse in either eye, intraocular pressure 23-29 mmHg, or an unreadable fundus image. The optometrist conducted a manifest refraction using loose lenses and used a portable slit lamp and ophthalmoscope to perform a non-dilated anterior and posterior segment ocular health evaluation. Demographics, social determinants of health, eye health screening results, and rates of suspected ophthalmic conditions were recorded. To determine factors associated with having a recent dilated eye exam, which was the main outcome for this statistical analysis, a stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed. RESULTS A total of 708 participants were screened, 308 attended the optometric exam; mean age 70.7 ± 11.7 [standard deviation (SD)] years. Among this subgroup, 70.1% identified as female, 54.9% self-identified as African American, 39% as Hispanic/Latino, and 26.6% Dominican ethnicity; 78.2% (241/308) had not undergone a dilated eye exam within the last year, 71.4% reported they did not have an eye care provider. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that participants who self-reported having cataracts (odds ratio (OR) 2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-4.47; p = 0.041), self-reported having glaucoma/glaucoma suspect (OR 5.60; 95% CI 2.02-15.43; p = 0.001), or spoke Spanish as their primary language (OR 3.25; 95% CI 1.48-7.11; p = 0.003) had higher odds of having a recent dilated eye exam. CONCLUSIONS This community-based screening initiative demonstrated the effectiveness of optometric exams in detecting vision-affecting conditions and identified factors associated with having a recent dilated eye exam. Optometrists play a vital role in increasing access to eye care for high-risk, underserved populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04271709).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Diamond
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sitara Hirji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha X Xing
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prakash Gorroochurn
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason D Horowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noga Harizman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefania C Maruri
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Desiree R Henriquez
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Liebmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - George A Cioffi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A Hark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Blanco-Vázquez M, Gil-Cazorla R, Barua A, Taneja M, Hanneken L, Shah S. Impact of thermo-mechanical skin treatment on refraction and keratometry in patients with dry eye disease and the implications for cataract surgery. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024:102164. [PMID: 38594154 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the changes in keratometry measurements and refraction in patients having the thermo-mechanical periorbital skin treatment, Tixel®, to treat dry eye disease (DED). METHODS A multi-centre, prospective, non-masked study was conducted. DED patients were recruited in 3 international centres and were evaluated in 5 visits separated by an interval of 2 weeks except for the last visit which took place after 18 weeks from visit 1. The same clinical examination was performed at all visits: OSDI questionnaire, tear stability, keratometry, best corrected visual acuity and refraction. Tixel® treatment was applied at the first 3 visits. RESULTS 89 participants (24 males/65 females; mean age: 55.0 ± 14.2 years) were included: 20 presented moderate DED symptoms and 69 severe DED symptoms. Significant differences were found for the spherocylindrical refraction (vector analysis) between visit 1 and visits 2 and 3. Following cumulative analysis, 11.86 % and 16.94 % of participants had more than 0.5 dioptre (D) change in mean keratometry and keratometric astigmatism, respectively, at 3 months post-treatment. A total of 5.40 % had a sphere and cylinder change greater than 0.50D and 16.21 % had the axis changed more than 10 degrees (vector analysis). These changes were particularly significant in patients with severe DED symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Keratometry readings and refraction can change following thermo-mechanical skin treatment for DED, especially in those patients with severe DED symptoms. This should be considered as potential errors in intraocular lens calculations may be induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Blanco-Vázquez
- Ocular Surface Group, Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gil-Cazorla
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Midland Eye, Solihull, United Kingdom.
| | - Ankur Barua
- Midland Eye, Solihull, United Kingdom; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sunil Shah
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Midland Eye, Solihull, United Kingdom; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Khmer Sight Foundation, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Ye Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Wei R, Xian Y, Huang Y, Liu F, Xu Y, Zhou X. Correlation analysis of angles κ and α with the refraction and anterior segment parameters in children. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:143. [PMID: 38549060 PMCID: PMC10976721 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the correlation of angles α and κ with the refractive and biological parameters in children. METHODS This case-series study included 438 eyes of 219 children (males/females = 105/114, age: 3-15 years). Ocular biometric parameters, including axial length, corneal radius of curvature (CR), white-to-white distance (WTW), angle κ and angle α, were measured using IOL Master 700; auto-refraction were assessed under cycloplegia. The eyes were assigned to different groups based on CR, WTW, and gender to compare the angles α and κ, and analyze the correlations between the differences of biological parameters on angles α and κ. RESULTS The means of axial length, CR, WTW, angle α, and angle κ were 23.24 ± 1.14 mm, 7.79 ± 0.27 mm, 11.68 ± 0.41 mm, 0.45 ± 0.25 mm, and 0.27 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. Angle α was correlated with CR and WTW (fixed effect coefficient [FEC] = 0.237, p = 0.015; FEC = -0.109, p = 0.003; respectively), and angle κ also correlated with CR and WTW (FEC = 0.271, p = 0.003; FEC = -0.147, p < 0.001, respectively). Comparing subgroups, the large CR and small WTW group had larger angles α (0.49 ± 0.27 vs. 0.41 ± 0.21, p < 0.001; 0.46 ± 0.27 vs. 0.44 ± 0.21, p < 0.05, respectively) and κ (0.29 ± 0.25 vs. 0.24 ± 0.15, p < 0.01; 0.29 ± 0.25 vs. 0.26 ± 0.19, p < 0.05, respectively). The differences in interocular angles α and κ showed correlation with interocular WTW (r = - 0.255, p < 0.001; r = - 0.385, p < 0.001). Eyes with smaller WTW tended to have larger angle κ (0.28 ± 0.27 vs. 0.25 ± 0.15, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The size of angle α/κ may be correlated to CR and WTW, and a larger WTW eye may suggest a smaller angle κ compared with the fellow eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyan Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyong Xian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyi Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China.
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China.
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Li L, Liao C, Zhang X, Lu J, Zeng Y, Fu M, Wang D. Association between body stature with ocular biometrics and refraction among Chinese preschoolers. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:107. [PMID: 38448947 PMCID: PMC10916180 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association of body stature with ocular biometrics and refraction in preschool children. METHODS A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted in Shenzhen, China. Preschool children aged 3 to 6 from 10 randomly-selected kindergartens were recruited. Ocular biometric parameters, including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), vitreous chamber depth (VCD), corneal radius curvature (CR), axial length to corneal radius ratio (AL-to-CR ratio) and lens thickness (LT) were measured using non-contact partial-coherence laser interferometry. Cycloplegic refractions were obtained by a desktop autorefractor. Body height and weight were measured using standard procedures. The association between body stature and ocular biometrics were analyzed with univariable and multivariable regression model. RESULTS A total of 373 preschoolers were included. AL, ACD, VCD, CR, and AL-to-CR ratio, were positively associated with height and weight (p < 0.05), whereas LT was negatively associated with height and weight (p < 0.01). No association was observed between stature and central cornea thickness and refraction. After adjusted for age and gender in a multivariable regression model, AL had positive associations with height (p < 0.01) and weight (p < 0.01). However, refraction had no significant association with stature parameters. CONCLUSION Taller and heavier preschoolers had eyes with longer AL, deeper vitreous chamber, and flatter cornea. The significant associations between body stature and ocular biometric parameters reveal the driving influence of body development on the growth of eyeballs in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Li
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian district, 510060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chimei Liao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54S.Xianlie Road, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian district, 510060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Lu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian district, 510060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfa Zeng
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54S.Xianlie Road, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Fu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, No. 2004, Hongli Road, Futian district, 510060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Decai Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54S.Xianlie Road, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Hartmann A, Grabitz SD, Wagner FM, Wild PS, Müller-Nurasyid M, Lackner KJ, Beutel ME, Münzel T, Tüscher O, Schattenberg JM, Pfeiffer N, Schuster AKG. Bi-Gaussian analysis reveals distinct education-related alterations in spherical equivalent and axial length-results from the Gutenberg Health Study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06395-z. [PMID: 38446204 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of spherical equivalent and axial length in the general population and to analyze the influence of education on spherical equivalent with a focus on ocular biometric parameters. METHODS The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based cohort study in Mainz, Germany. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations as part of the 5-year follow-up examination in 2012-2017 including genotyping. The spherical equivalent and axial length distributions were modeled with gaussian mixture models. Regression analysis (on person-individual level) was performed to analyze associations between biometric parameters and educational factors. Mendelian randomization analysis explored the causal effect between spherical equivalent, axial length, and education. Additionally, effect mediation analysis examined the link between spherical equivalent and education. RESULTS A total of 8532 study participants were included (median age: 57 years, 49% female). The distribution of spherical equivalent and axial length follows a bi-Gaussian function, partially explained by the length of education (i.e., < 11 years education vs. 11-20 years). Mendelian randomization indicated an effect of education on refractive error using a genetic risk score of education as an instrument variable (- 0.35 diopters per SD increase in the instrument, 95% CI, - 0.64-0.05, p = 0.02) and an effect of education on axial length (0.63 mm per SD increase in the instrument, 95% CI, 0.22-1.04, p = 0.003). Spherical equivalent, axial length and anterior chamber depth were associated with length of education in regression analyses. Mediation analysis revealed that the association between spherical equivalent and education is mainly driven (70%) by alteration in axial length. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of axial length and spherical equivalent is represented by subgroups of the population (bi-Gaussian). This distribution can be partially explained by length of education. The impact of education on spherical equivalent is mainly driven by alteration in axial length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alica Hartmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Desirée Grabitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Mathias Wagner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Sebastian Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Karl Johannes Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Elmar Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörn Markus Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Center, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Zhao HY, Zhang JS, Li M, Chen DJ, Wan XH. Effect of capsular tension ring on the refractive outcomes of patients with extreme high axial myopia after phacoemulsification. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:142. [PMID: 38402171 PMCID: PMC10893688 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation following cataract surgery on the refractive outcomes of patients with extreme high axial myopia. METHODS Sixty eyes (with an axial length of ≥26 mm) were retrospectively reviewed and classified into two groups: CTR group (n = 30), which underwent CTR implantation following phacoemulsification, and control group (n = 30), which did not undergo CTR implantation. Intraocular lens (IOL) calculation was performed using Barrett Universal II (UII), Haigis, and SRK/T formulas. The refractive prediction error (PE) was calculated by subtracting the postoperative refraction from predicted refraction. The mean PE (MPE), mean absolute error (MAE), and percentages of eyes that had a PE of ±0.25, ±0.50, ±1.00, or ±2.00 diopters (D) were calculated and compared. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in PE between the two groups. The Barrett UII formula revealed a lower AE in the CTR group than in the control group (p = 0.015) and a lower AE than the other two formulas (p = 0.0000) in both groups. The Barrett UII formula achieved the highest percentage of eyes with a PE of ±0.25 D (66.67%). CONCLUSIONS The refractive outcomes were more accurate in eyes with CTR implantation than in those with routine phacoemulsification based on the Barrett UII formula. The Barrett UII formula was recommended as the appropriate formula when planning CTR implantation in high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Shang Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Jun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Wan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
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Wang N, Li Y, Wu S, Liu Y, Nie J, Wu J, Reheman Z, Ye J, Yang J. Effect of no eyeglasses sales on the quality of eye care: an experimental evidence from China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:422. [PMID: 38336621 PMCID: PMC10858552 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eye examinations and eyeglasses acquisition are typically integrated into a cohesive procedure in China. We conducted a randomized controlled trial using incognito standardized patient (SP) approach to evaluate the impact of separating eyeglasses sales on the accuracy of final prescription. METHODS 52 SPs were trained to provide standardized responses during eye examinations, and undergoing refraction by a senior ophthalmologist at a national-level clinical center. SPs subsequently received eye examinations at 226 private optical shops and public hospitals in Shaanxi, northwestern China. The visits were randomly assigned to either control group, where SPs would typically purchase eyeglasses after refraction, or treatment group, where SPs made an advance declaration not to purchase eyeglasses prior to refraction. The dioptric difference between the final prescriptions provided by local refractionists and expert in the better-seeing eye was determined using the Vector Diopteric Distance method, and the completeness of exams was assessed against national standards. Multiple regressions were conducted to estimate the impact of no eyeglasses sales on the accuracy of the final prescription of local refractionists, as well as the completeness of examinations. RESULTS Among 226 eye exams (73 in public hospitals, 153 in private optical shops), 133 (58.8%) were randomized to control group and 93 (41.2%) to no eyeglasses sales group. The inaccuracy rate of final prescriptions provided by local refractionists (≥ 1.0 D, experts' final prescription as the reference) was 25.6% in control group, while 36.6% in no-sale group (P = 0.077). The likelihood of providing inaccurate final prescriptions was significantly higher in no-sale group compared to control group (OR = 1.607; 95% CI: 1.030 to 2.508; P = 0.037). This was particularly evident in private optical shops (OR = 2.433; 95% CI: 1.386 to 4.309; P = 0.002). In terms of process quality, the no-sale group performed significantly less subjective refraction (OR = 0.488; 95% CI: 0.253 to 0.940; P = 0.032) and less testing SP's own eyeglasses (OR = 0.424; 95% CI: 0.201 to 0.897; P = 0.025). The duration of eye exams was 3.917 min shorter (95% CI: -6.798 to -1.036; P = 0.008) in no-sale group. CONCLUSIONS Separating eyeglasses sales from optical care could lead to worse quality of eye care. Policy makers should carefully consider the role of economic incentives in healthcare reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yangyuan Li
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shichong Wu
- Department of Statistics, School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingchun Nie
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Junhao Wu
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zulihumaer Reheman
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinbiao Ye
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Tachikawa T, Ueno R, Mita T, Yuzurihara D, Noda T. Corneal refractive error and astigmatism in patients aged 6 to 18 years with a history of retinopathy of prematurity and birth weight of <1500 g. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2024; 68:42-49. [PMID: 38001368 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-023-01026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate corneal refractive power (CR) and astigmatism (AS) in 6- to 18-year-old children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and birth weight of <1500 g who either did or did not undergo retinal photocoagulation (PC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS We examined 143 eyes of 77 children in 2021. The children were divided into three groups for evaluation of CR and AS: those with a birth weight of ≥2500 g (normal birth weight [NBW] group, 13 eyes) as controls, those with spontaneously resolved ROP (sr-ROP group, 27 eyes), and those who underwent PC for treatment of ROP (PC-ROP group, 103 eyes). Swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography was used to analyze the cornea. RESULTS The median CR in the NBW, sr-ROP, and PC-ROP groups was 42.2 (41.3, 42.8) diopters (D), 44.5 (43.2, 45.5) D, and 45.2 (43.8, 46.6) D, respectively. The median AS in the NBW, sr-ROP, and PC-ROP groups was 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) D, 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) D, and 2.1 (1.4, 2.7) D. In the PC-ROP group, the with-the-rule astigmatic axis was 97%. In all three groups, a strong positive correlation was found between the mean anterior and posterior CR (NBW: r=0.795, sr-ROP: r=0.842, PC-ROP: r=0.890) and AS (NBW: r=0.883, sr-ROP: r=0.841, PC-ROP: r=0.860). CONCLUSION CR was significantly higher in the sr-ROP (p=0.013) and PC-ROP (p<0.001) groups than in the NBW group. The PC-ROP group had significantly more AS than the sr-ROP group. There was a strong correlation between the anterior and posterior CR and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Tachikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Minami-Ohtsuka 2-8-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8476, Japan.
| | - Ritsuko Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Minami-Ohtsuka 2-8-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8476, Japan
| | - Tetsuko Mita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Minami-Ohtsuka 2-8-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8476, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yuzurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Minami-Ohtsuka 2-8-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8476, Japan
| | - Toru Noda
- Department of Ophthalmology, NHO Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Natarajan R, Mohamed A, Parameswarappa DC, Rani PK, Bagga DK, Durai CVR. Refractive outcomes following silicone oil tamponade in vitreoretinal surgery. Oman J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:25-31. [PMID: 38524345 PMCID: PMC10957052 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_274_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the factors influencing the refractive outcomes following silicone oil tamponade (SOT) and silicone oil removal (SOR) in different lens statuses post-vitreoretinal surgery. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of three different lens statuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a descriptive study that included 150 eyes of 147 patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with SOT and SOR between January 2017 and June 2021. Demographic profile, spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and its association with clinical features were evaluated with SOT and post-SOR. RESULTS The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) age was 47 ± 17.8 years, including all three groups. SER was represented in diopters (D). The mean ± SD refraction with SOT in phakic, pseudophakic, and aphakic was 4.28 ± 2.59 D, 2.94 ± 2.58 D, and 3.98 ± 4.82 D. The mean SER post-SOR in phakic, pseudophakic, and aphakic was -2.72 ± 2.03 D, -1.12 ± 1.41 D, and 8.22 ± 3.70 D. The diagnosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) among 96 eyes (64%) is the common indicator to perform vitreoretinal (VR) surgery. A minority of subjects were managed with retinal lasers before VR surgery (14%). The macula was attached in 100 eyes (67.6%), the belt buckle was done in 37 eyes (24.7%), and the silicone oil viscosity with 1000 centistoke was chosen in 129 eyes (86%). CONCLUSION SOT was used as a tamponade in VR surgeries irrespective of lens status. The significant predictor for post-SOR refraction in phakic and aphakic is post-SOT refraction. In pseudophakic, gender and diagnosis of RRD are the predictors of SOR refraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Natarajan
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ashik Mohamed
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepika C. Parameswarappa
- Anand Bajaj Retina Institute and Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padmaja Kumari Rani
- Anand Bajaj Retina Institute and Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Bagga
- Meera and L B Deshpande Centre for Sight Enhancement, Institute for Vision Rehabilitation, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - C. Vijay Reena Durai
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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10
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Zhu B, Sun Y, Wang S, Qin X, Li L, Du B, Fu J, Wei R. Refraction and ocular biometric parameters of preschool children in the Beijing whole childhood eye study: the first-year report. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:366. [PMID: 37670238 PMCID: PMC10478261 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of myopia should begin before school age. However, few population-based cohort studies have investigated refractive status in preschool children with cycloplegia. This study aimed to investigate the post-COVID-19 refraction and ocular biometric parameters of preschool children in Beijing Tongzhou District. METHODS A population-based cohort study of kindergarten children in Tongzhou District, Beijing, commenced in November 2021. The present study reports data from the first year of the aforementioned population-based study. We selected children aged 3-6 years from nine kindergartens. Biometric parameters, including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and corneal radius of curvature (CR), were collected before cycloplegia. Cycloplegic refraction was also measured. The spherical equivalent (SE), lens power (LP), and AL-to-CR ratio were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyse the correlation between refraction and ocular biometric parameters. RESULTS A total of 1,505 children completed the examination, and a mean SE of 1.24 ± 0.91 D was found. The overall prevalence of myopia was 1.93%. The mean AL, ACD, CR, LP, and AL-to-CR ratio were 22.24 ± 0.70 mm, 3.28 ± 0.26 mm, 7.77 ± 0.26 mm, 26.01 ± 1.56 D, and 2.86 ± 0.07, respectively. Longer AL, deeper ACD, larger AL-to-CR ratio, and lower LP were associated with older age; the CR was not significantly different among different ages. In the multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for sex and age, the model that included AL, CR, and LP explained 87% of the SE variation. No differences were observed in the prevalence of myopia or the SE in this particular age range. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that a large proportion of preschool children in Beijing are mildly hyperopic, with a considerably low prevalence of myopia. In preschool children, refractive development was found to present mild hyperopia rather than emmetropia or myopia, a phenomenon that is characteristic of this age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 300392, Tianjin, China
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, 101101, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory , 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Shana Wang
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, 101101, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Qin
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, 101101, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory , 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 300392, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory , 100730, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 300392, Tianjin, China.
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11
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Mihelčič M, Podlesek A. Cognitive workload affects ocular accommodation and pupillary response. J Optom 2023; 16:107-115. [PMID: 35764479 PMCID: PMC10104792 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cognitive involvement in reading causes variations in the tonus of autonomic nerve system. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of short-term cognitive load on accommodation and pupils' absolute values and temporal variability in test persons performing three different types of tasks. PURPOSE We aimed to show how cognitive tasks of different type and difficulty level affect accommodation and pupil behavior during a short time interval. METHODS Participants (n = 58; mean age 16.4 years, SD = 0.56) performed reading from a 10-inch LCD screen placed at 40 cm distance. Three different types of tasks (numerical, textual, and the Stroop task), each at three different levels of cognitive load were introduced. Participants had 90 s to complete each task. Accommodative and pupillary responses were measured with videoretinoscope Power Refractor 3 at 50 Hz. RESULTS Pupil size was largest in the Stroop task (M = 5.20 mm, SD = 0.75 mm), followed by the numerical tasks (M = 5.02 mm, SD = 0.72 mm) and textual tasks (M = 4.78 mm, SD = 0.71 mm). Accommodative fluctuations - measured as accommodation SD - were largest in the textual tasks (M = 0.67 D, SD = 0.34 D), followed by the numerical tasks (M = 0.61 D, SD = 0.40 D) and the Stroop task (M = 0.52 D, SD = 0.21 D). CONCLUSIONS In our experiment, short-term cognitive load was associated with altered pupillary and accommodative response to near tasks. In conflicting tasks (Stroop) or in performing continuing calculations, the pupils were larger; in tasks requiring logical reasoning, the accommodative fluctuations were greater. These effects can potentially be associated with current near-point stress and myopia growth models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Podlesek
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Montriwet M. Possibility of Neurological Diseases Associated with Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia. Korean J Ophthalmol 2023; 37:120-127. [PMID: 36758536 PMCID: PMC10151165 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2022.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the possibility of neurological etiologies causing acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) and to evaluate the differences in clinical features between younger children, older children, and adults. Methods In this retrospective analysis, patients who had been diagnosed with AACE between July 2017 and June 2021 were included. Data on clinical findings, medical history, brain or orbital imaging, and ophthalmological and orthoptic examinations were retrieved from medical records and analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups based on their age: younger children (<10 years), older children (10-18 years), and adults (>18 years). Results Overall, 41 patients with AACE (15 females and 26 males) were examined. Most patients were children. Mild hyperopia was observed in children, while adults had moderate to high myopia. The mean angle of esotropia at a distance fixation was 43.57±9.77, 51.54±8.75, and 30.14±12.39 prism diopters (PD) in younger children, older children, and adult groups, respectively. The mean angle of esotropia at a near fixation was 43.57±9.37, 51.15±9.39, and 31.43±12.15 PD in younger children, older children, and adult groups, respectively. Significant differences were found in the mean angles of esotropia in patients with AACE at both near and far distances according to their age (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Among 36 patients with previous neuroimaging data, none had AACE secondary to intracranial lesions. Over two years, five patients who were under continuous observation did not develop any neurological abnormalities. Conclusion AACE was more common in children than in adults. The angle of deviation was larger in children than in adults. Coexisting or underlying neurological diseases were not present in patients with isolated AACE, which eliminated the need for neuroimaging. Continuous follow-up evaluations are warranted when signs of intracranial disease are observed in patients who have not undergone an imaging investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuree Montriwet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 6500, Thailand
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13
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Schmid KL, Gifford KL, Atchison DA. The effect of concentric and aspheric multifocal soft contact lenses on binocular vision in young adult myopes. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2023; 46:101588. [PMID: 35304065 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2022.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multifocal soft contact lenses (MFCLs) are prescribed to inhibit myopia progression; these include aspheric and concentric designs. The effects of MFCLs on visual quality, accommodation and vergence in young-adult myopes were evaluated. METHODS Participants were twenty-six myopes (19-25 years, spherical equivalent -0.50 to -5.75D), with normal binocular vision and no past myopia control. Pupil sizes were 4.4 ± 0.9 mm during distance viewing and 3.7 ± 0.8 mm at near. In random order, participants wore four MFCLs: Proclear single vision distance, MiSight concentric dual focus (+2.00D), distance center aspheric (Biofinity, +2.50D) (CooperVision lenses), and NaturalVue aspheric (Visioneering Technologies). Testing included visual acuity, contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson), stereoacuity, accommodation response, negative and positive relative accommodation, horizontal phorias, horizontal fusional vergence and AC/A ratio, and a visual quality questionnaire. RESULTS The four lenses differed in distance (p = 0.001) and near visual acuity (p = 0.011), and contrast sensitivity (p = 0.001). Compared with the single vision lens, the Biofinity aspheric had the greatest visual impact: 0.19 ± 0.14 logMAR distance acuity reduction, 0.22 ± 0.15 log contrast sensitivity reduction. Near acuity was affected less than distance acuity; the reduction was greatest with the NaturalVue (0.05 ± 0.07 logMAR reduction). The MFCLs altered the autorefraction measure at distance and near (p = 0.001); the accommodation response was less with aspheric lenses. Negative relative accommodation reduced with the aspheric lenses (p = 0.001): by 0.9 ± 0.5D with Biofinity and 0.5 ± 0.7D with NaturalVue. Exophoric shifts were greater with aspheric lenses (1.8 ± 2.4Δ Biofinity, 1.7 ± 1.7Δ NaturalVue) than with the concentric MiSight (0.5 ± 1.3Δ). CONCLUSIONS MFCLs alter visual performance, refraction and vergence; two aspheric lenses had greater effect than a concentric lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Schmid
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia.
| | - Kate L Gifford
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia; Myopia Profile Pty Ltd, Australia
| | - David A Atchison
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia
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14
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Liang X, Wei S, Li SM, An W, Du J, Sun Y, Gan J, Bai W, Cai Z, Song Q, Yin L, Wang N. Effect of Atropine 0.01% Eye Drops on the Difference in Refraction and Axial Length between Right and Left Eyes. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 66:496-505. [PMID: 36603556 DOI: 10.1159/000528878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study sought to determine whether the application of 0.01% atropine eye drops could impact the disparity in refraction and axial length (AL) between the right and left eyes in Chinese children. METHODS The study was designed as a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. A total of 220 children aged 6-12 years were recruited from the Beijing Tongren Hospital in Beijing, China. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio and were prescribed 0.01% atropine or placebo eye drops to be administered once a night to both eyes for the duration of 1 year. The cycloplegic refraction and AL were recorded including baseline, 6 months, and again at the 12 months. RESULTS After 1-year follow-up period, 76 (69%) and 83 (75%) subjects of the initial 220 participants were identified as the 0.01% atropine and placebo groups, respectively. The inter-ocular difference in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and AL demonstrated stable values in the 0.01% atropine treatment group (SER: p = 0.590; AL: p = 0.322) analyzed after 1 year, but found a significant increase (SER: p < 0.001; AL: p = 0.001) in the placebo group. Furthermore, over 1 year, eyes with greater myopia in the atropine group exhibited slower myopia progression (0.45 ± 0.44 D) than the lesser myopic eye (0.56 ± 0.44 D) (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that 0.01% atropine could maintain the inter-ocular SER and AL difference. And 0.01% atropine appeared to be more effective in delaying the progression of myopia in eyes with more myopia than in the less myopic eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Liang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Shifei Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ming Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzai An
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jialing Du
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahe Gan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiling Bai
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Zhining Cai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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Lee NSY, Ong K. Changes in refraction after cataract phacoemulsification surgery. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1545-1551. [PMID: 36223001 PMCID: PMC10149444 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE After cataract phacoemulsification surgery, spherical equivalent refraction (SER) may be affected by factors including corneal curvature, effective lens position and axial length. While refractive outcomes have been assessed in the immediate post-operative period, longer-term changes in refraction have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the timeline changes in refraction after cataract surgery over a period of 3 years. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study that included 344 eyes of 204 patients who underwent cataract emulsification surgery between 1 January and 31 December 2018 at two private hospitals. Keratometry, anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT) and axial length were measured at baseline and post-operatively at 1 month, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years. Changes in SER and ocular parameters were assessed at each post-operative timepoint. RESULTS Between 1 month and 3 years post-operatively, an overall myopic shift (0.32 ± 0.21 D, p < 0.001) occurred in 33.6% of eyes and a hypermetropic shift in 45.2% of eyes (0.35 ± 0.22 D, p < 0.001). In 21.2% of eyes, there was no reported change in SER between 1 month and 3 years. Significant changes in ACD (p = 0.04) and CCT (p < 0.001) occurred during the first year after surgery. CONCLUSION The 3-year timeline changes in SER after cataract surgery were evaluated. As hypermetropic shift was the most common refractive change observed, it may be beneficial to aim for a more myopic post-operative refraction target. Patients should be advised of the potential for refractive changes after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Si-Yi Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Keith Ong
- Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Chatswood Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Mineo C, Cerniglia D, Mohseni E. Solving ultrasonic ray tracing in parts with multiple material layers through Root-Finding methods. Ultrasonics 2022; 124:106747. [PMID: 35405599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic testing has been used for material analysis and inspection since 1930's. Nevertheless, the applicability of ultrasonic waves to new complex cases is still growing, thanks to the availability of powerful electronics and software. However, the complication that slows down the deployment of ultrasonic inspection to geometric complex parts and structures arises from the wave refraction phenomenon. A clear understanding of the ultrasound wave propagation, impacted by refractions, is crucial to interpret the data obtained from the inspection of multi-layered/multi-medium test subjects as it is not always possible to assume that mechanical waves travel in straight lines. This work presents suitable approaches for solving the ray-tracing problem in multi-layered structures. Accurate benchmarking shows that the use of the Newton-Raphson root-finding method allows a threefold reduction of the computation time, when compared to the bisection-based root-finding methods. An effective combination of the Newton-Raphson methods with bisection-type iterations is also proposed and discussed. Although the work repeatedly refers to the field of ultrasonic inspection, the presented findings are relevant and applicable to areas beyond material inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Mineo
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute (ICAR), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Donatella Cerniglia
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ehsan Mohseni
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering (EEE), University of Strathclyde, 204 George St, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK
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Besufikad B, Hailemichael W, Tilahun L, Yimam W, Anteneh S. Refractive errors and associated factors among patients visiting BoruMeda Hospital's secondary eye Unit in Dessie Town, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:312. [PMID: 35850761 PMCID: PMC9295268 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ethiopia, refractive error is the second leading cause of vision impairment and the third main cause of blindness. Because refraction services are scarce and difficult to obtain, many people with refractive error live with impaired vision or blindness for the rest of their lives. OBJECTIVE The primary goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of refractive errors and associated factors among patients who visited Boru Meda Hospital. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2018, all patients who visited Boru Meda Hospital's secondary eye unit were deemed our source population; the sample frame was the secondary eye unit outpatient departments register. To select samples, simple random sampling was used. Data was entered by using Epi-data version 3 and analysed with Statistical Package for Social Science 20. Tables and graphs were used to display descriptive statistics, and logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. At p < 0.05, statistical significance was inferred. RESULTS Refractive error was detected in 42 (18.3%) of study participants. The average age was 46.69 ± 20.77. There were 136 men and 93 women in this group (59.4 and 40.6%, respectively). Myopia was the most frequent refractive defect, accounting for 52.4% of all cases. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION Refractive error is a widespread problem in our study area that affects people of all age groups. We recommend patients to have screening on regular basis so that refractive anomalies can be detected early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bersabeh Besufikad
- Ophthalmology Department, Zewuditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Lehulu Tilahun
- Department of Emergency and Ophthalmic Nursing, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Wondwossen Yimam
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Anteneh
- Department of Adult Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Abstract
Background: This research was developed to study the epidemiology of anisometropia. It aims to estimate the prevalence of anisometropia in Portuguese children and adolescents at various educational stages, studying its association with sociodemographic variables. Methods: Observational cross sectional study envolving 749 children and adolescents (from 3 to 16 years old) from the central region of Portugal. The refraction was performed with a paediatric, open field auto refractometer (PlusOptix), without cycloplegia and under binocular conditions, to determine the rate of anisometropia and its association with gender, study cycle and area of residence. Results: The prevalence of anisometropia in the studied sample was 6.1%, varying from 2.9% in pre-school education to 9.4% in the 3rd study cycle. Myopic anisometropia was the most prevalent and hyperopic and astigmatic anisometropia showed identical proportions of occurrence. No statistical differences were found between genders or between areas of residence regarding the rate of anisometropia. Regarding spherical equivalent anisometropia, there was a pattern of variation that increased with the cycle of studies (p = 0.012), with myopic anisometropia being the main contributor to this variation. Conclusions: This study found an increase in anisometropia with the educational stage. The high rate of anisometropia found in adolescents (9.4%) as well as the progressive increase in this rate throughout school progress (from 2.9% to 9.4%) suggests the need to extend the detection strategies of this condition beyond childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia F Nunes
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal, Covilhã, Portugal,Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal,UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal,Clinical and Experimental Center in Vision Sciences (CCECV), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal,
| | - Maria Batista
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal, Covilhã, Portugal,UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal,Clinical and Experimental Center in Vision Sciences (CCECV), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal, Covilhã, Portugal,Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal,UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal,Clinical and Experimental Center in Vision Sciences (CCECV), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Garzón N, Poyales F, Albarrán-Diego C, Rico-Del-Viejo L, Pérez-Sanz L, García-Montero M. Visual and optical quality of enhanced intermediate monofocal versus standard monofocal intraocular lens. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022. [PMID: 35622140 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intraocular lens designs are constantly evolving, trying to obtain more spectacle independence after cataract surgery. This advantage can be linked to some disadvantages, such as optical quality decrease. For that reason, it is important to assess, not only the amount of vision provided but also the quality of vision once they are implanted. The purpose of the present work was to compare the visual performance between two monofocal intraocular models: a standard model and a monofocal with enhanced intermediate vision lens. Methods Prospective, randomized, comparative study. Sixty adult subjects scheduled to undergo bilateral cataract surgery and IOL implantation were randomized to receive one of the two IOLs in both eyes at Miranza IOA, Madrid, Spain (group A: monofocal with enhanced intermediate vision lens and group B: standard monofocal lens). Monocular outcomes (right eyes) determined 1 and 3 months postoperatively were photopic corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), perceived halo, corrected intermediate-distance contrast sensitivity, and higher-order aberrations. The impact of the new IOL in the postoperative management with autorefraction devices was also evaluated. Results No differences were found in CDVA between the two groups. Significant differences were detected between the two lenses evaluated in both total HOA (p = 0.028) and internal HOA (p = 0.037). Contrast sensitivity and halometry results obtained at 1 month were similar across the two IOL groups. Conclusion In patients undergoing cataract surgery, monofocal with enhanced intermediate vision IOL offered similar distance performance and contrast sensitivity along with perceived HOA and halos compared with the standard monofocal IOLs tested.
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20
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Käsmann-Kellner B, Moslemani K, Seitz B. [Optical rehabilitation and pediatric ophthalmological care following keratoplasty for childhood corneal opacities]. Ophthalmologe 2022; 119:462-470. [PMID: 35394198 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The younger the children are at the time of corneal transplantation, the worse the survival prognosis of the graft. PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS Preoperative considerations are significant in terms of accurate parental education, ensuring adherence to treatment and choosing the appropriate surgical time frame (amblyopia versus graft failure, compliance of the patient). Parental education must include the reduced visual prognosis in young children, exceptions being later acquired corneal pathologies such as inflammatory corneal scars (herpes) and keratoconus. POSTOPERATIVE CARE A distinction must be made between morphological care after transplantation and refractive correction as well as treatment of amblyopia. The younger the children, the less favorable the prognosis for the transplant and the more often multiple examinations with anesthesia are necessary in order to detect complications, such as infiltrates or suture loosening at an early stage. Especially unilateral congenital pathologies often do not lead to a sufficient improvement of amblyopia (refractory amblyopia, poor compliance). CONCLUSION The prognosis after keratoplasty in childhood is already partly decided by the careful evaluation of indications (no surgery of a sclerocornea) and the detailed and realistic clarification for the parents (cooperation with long-term ocular and systemic treatment even if the child has poor compliance, frequent check-ups, reduced chances of amblyopia treatment). The younger the child is at the time of transplantation, the more frequent are graft failure and the development of complications. Later manifesting diseases in older children (herpetic corneal scars, keratoconus) have a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Käsmann-Kellner
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes UKS, Kirrbergerstr. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
| | - Kayed Moslemani
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes UKS, Kirrbergerstr. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes UKS, Kirrbergerstr. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
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21
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Šivec Trampuž I, Mikek K, Krampf M. Clinical and self-reported outcomes after multifocal intraocular lens implantation of patients with stable keratoconus. Int Ophthalmol 2022. [PMID: 35357638 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is generally not considered in patients with keratoconus; however, it may provide good optical results in selected patients based on two case reports. AIMS To evaluate patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes in this patient population. METHODS This is a retrospective single-center, non-comparison study. All patients with frank keratoconus who had undergone a trifocal IOL implantation between 2016 and 2019 were invited to participate in this study (18 eyes of 9 patients were included). Postoperatively, refractive outcomes, contrast sensitivity, and ocular aberrations were recorded. A questionnaire was used for determining patient satisfaction and their quality of life. The mean follow-up time was 31.22 ± 6.38 months. RESULTS Postoperatively the patients' uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from 1.13 ± 0.93 logMAR to 0.10 ± 0.17 (p ˂ 0.001), corrected distance visual acuity went from 0.10 ± 0.11 to 0.05 ± 0.09 (p = 0.19), mean refractive spherical equivalent changed from -4.34 ± 4.31 to 0.05 ± 0.51 D (p ˂ 0.001), and manifest astigmatism from 2.44 ± 1.92 to 0.88 ± 1.81 D (p = 0.017). A postoperative MRSE of less than ± 0.50 D was achieved in 17 eyes (94%). Three eyes (17%) lost 1 line of best corrected visual acuity and no patient lost two or more lines. The patients were independent of glasses in 78% for all distances. One patient who required an IOL exchange due to photic phenomena was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Use of a trifocal IOL provided relatively predictable refractive outcomes and spectacle independence in most of this small cohort of patients with stable frank keratoconus.
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22
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Blais N, Tousignant B, Hanssens JM. Tele- refraction in tele-eye care settings. Clin Exp Optom 2022; 105:573-581. [PMID: 35094668 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.2009736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Refraction is an important part of a comprehensive eye examination, and when performed remotely through information and communication technology or when its results are transmitted for remote analysis, this procedure is called tele-refraction. Uncorrected refractive errors are the main reason for consultation in primary eye care, and an increasing number of eye care providers offer tele-refraction services in response to the global demand. Even so, very little literature exists on how the correction of refractive errors can be managed through tele-eye care. The objectives of this review are to examine the integration of tele-refraction in different eye care models and to report the existing findings regarding patient satisfaction towards tele-refraction and the efficacy of tele-refraction. Searches were undertaken on Medline, Embase, EBM Reviews, CINAHL and Web of Science to identify relevant articles. All original studies describing a clinical tele-refraction service and its outcomes were included. Out of 1322 articles, 15 were retained for analysis and have shown that tele-refraction has been provided for general eye care (n = 10; 67%), refractive-only examinations (n = 3; 20%) or disease-specific screening (n = 2; 13%). Ten (67%) had a hybrid telemedicine modality. Given the small number of included studies and the lack of outcomes comparing refractive errors between face-to-face and remote refraction, it is concluded that the current scientific literature does not reflect the increasing availability of tele-refraction in clinical practice. More studies on remote refraction should be conducted to better understand its efficacy, cost-effectiveness and impacts on patient satisfaction and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blais
- School of Optometry, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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23
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Jamali A, Jabbarvand M, Asharlous A, Doostdar A, Bordbar S, Khabazkhoob M. Assessing Accuracy of Okulix Ray-Tracing Software in Calculating Intraocular Lens Power in the Long Cataractous Eyes. J Curr Ophthalmol 2022; 34:67-73. [PMID: 35620361 PMCID: PMC9128429 DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_136_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the accuracy of Okulix ray-tracing software in calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power in the long cataractous eyes and comparing the results with those obtained from Kane, Holladay 1 with optimized constant, SRK/T with optimized constant, Haigis with optimized constant, and Barret Universal 2 formulas. Methods The present study evaluates the refractive results of cataract surgery in 85 eyes with axial length > 25 mm and no history of ocular surgery and corneal pathology. IOL power calculation was performed using the Okulix software. The performances of Okulix software in comparison with the five other formulas were evaluated by predicted error, mean absolute error, and mean numerical error 6 months after surgery. Results The mean calculated IOL power by the Okulix software was +13.48 ± 4.19 diopter (D). The mean of the 6-month postoperative sphere and spherical equivalent were +0.18 ± 0.63 and -0.34 ± 0.78 D, respectively. Also, the 6-month spherical equivalent in 56.6% and 80% of eyes were within ±0.05 and ±1.00 D, respectively. The predicted error (P < 0.001) and the mean numerical error (P < 0.001) were different between the six studied methods; however, we were not able to find any significant differences in the mean absolute error among six studied methods (P: 0.211). Conclusion The present study showed acceptable performance of the Okulix software in IOL power calculation in long eyes in comparison with the other five methods based on the postoperative refractive error, calculated mean absolute error, and mean numerical error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jamali
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Jabbarvand
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Asharlous
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asgar Doostdar
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodeh Bordbar
- Department of English, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Morales Ruiz H, Fernández-Agrafojo D, Cardona G. Correlation and agreement between the Mohindra and cycloplegic retinoscopy techniques in children. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2022; 97:9-16. [PMID: 35027148 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As an objective technique to assess refractive status, retinoscopy is particularly useful in children. The Mohindra technique (RM) is an alternative for those patients not good candidates for cycloplegic retinoscopy (RC). The aim of the present research was to compare both techniques and to determine the correlation and agreement of their measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 47 boys and girls of ages ranging from 3 to 11 years old were included in the study. Cycloplegic (cyclopentolate 1%) and Mohindra retinoscopy were conducted in both eyes, and refraction was also assessed with an autorefractometre (AR). The results from the three techniques were compared and a correction factor between RM and RC was calculated. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between RM and RC (median of -0.42 D; p < 0.001) and between RM and AR (median of -0.42 D; p = 0.008), but not between RC and AR (median of 0.00 D; p = 0.758). A strong correlation was found between RM and RC (rho = 0.846; p < 0.001), although the Bland-Altman test revealed a larger difference between these techniques in patients with larger hyperopic refractive errors, with a correction factor of RC = 1.15 RM + 0.42. CONCLUSIONS The Mohindra technique may be considered a valid alternative to cycloplegic retinoscopy in patients of young age, with a good correlation between both techniques, albeit less agreement in patients with high hyperopic refractions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G Cardona
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Nunes AF, Batista M, Monteiro P. Frequency of anisometropia in children and adolescents. F1000Res 2021; 10:1101. [PMID: 35035896 PMCID: PMC8729023 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73657.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our objective was to estimate the frequency of anisometropia at various educational stages, from pre-school to 9th school year, studying its association with gender, study cycle and area of residence. Methods: 749 children and adolescents (from 3 to 16 years old) participated in this study, 46.7% girls and 42.7% living in a rural environment. The refraction was performed with a paediatric, open field autorefractometer (PlusOptix), without cycloplegic and under binocular conditions. Results: The frequency rate of anisometropia in the studied sample was 6.1%, varying from 2.9% in pre-school education to 9.4% in the 3rd study cycle. Myopic anisometropia was the most frequent and hyperopic and astigmatic anisometropia showed identical proportions of occurrence. No statistical evidence was found to state that the occurrence of anisometropia differs between genders or between areas of residence. Regarding the school cycle, a significant association was found with spherical equivalent anisometropia, with an increase in its frequency with school progress (p=0,012), with myopic anisometropia being the main contributor to this variation. Conclusions: The increase in workload for near tasks has been identified as a risk factor for the increase in myopia. This fact may be related to the increase in anisometropia with the educational stage, found in this study. The high rate of anisometropia found in adolescents (9.4%) as well as the progressive increase in this rate throughout school progress (from 2.9% to 9.4%) suggests the need to extend the detection strategies of this condition to beyond childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia F Nunes
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal, Covilhã, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Clinical and Experimental Center in Vision Sciences (CCECV), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Batista
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal, Covilhã, Portugal
- UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Clinical and Experimental Center in Vision Sciences (CCECV), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal, Covilhã, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Clinical and Experimental Center in Vision Sciences (CCECV), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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26
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Nunes AF, Batista M, Monteiro P. Prevalence of anisometropia in children and adolescents. F1000Res 2021; 10:1101. [PMID: 35035896 PMCID: PMC8729023 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73657.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This research was developed to study the epidemiology of anisometropia. It aims to estimate the prevalence of anisometropia in Portuguese children and adolescents at various educational stages, studying its association with sociodemographic variables. Methods: Observational cross sectional study envolving 749 children and adolescents (from 3 to 16 years old) from the central region of Portugal. The refraction was performed with a paediatric, open field auto refractometer (PlusOptix), without cycloplegia and under binocular conditions, to determine the rate of anisometropia and its association with gender, study cycle and area of residence. Results: The prevalence of anisometropia in the studied sample was 6.1%, varying from 2.9% in pre-school education to 9.4% in the 3rd study cycle. Myopic anisometropia was the most frequent and hyperopic and astigmatic anisometropia showed identical proportions of occurrence. No statistical differences were found between genders or between areas of residence regarding the rate of anisometropia. Regarding spherical equivalent anisometropia, there was a pattern of variation that increased with the cycle of studies (× 2(3)= 10.918; p = 0.012), with myopic anisometropia being the main contributor to this variation. Conclusions: An increase in anisometropia with the educational stage, was found in this study. The high rate of anisometropia found in adolescents (9.4%) as well as the progressive increase in this rate throughout school progress (from 2.9% to 9.4%) suggests the need to extend the detection strategies of this condition beyond childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia F Nunes
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal, Covilhã, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Clinical and Experimental Center in Vision Sciences (CCECV), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Batista
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal, Covilhã, Portugal
- UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Clinical and Experimental Center in Vision Sciences (CCECV), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal, Covilhã, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Clinical and Experimental Center in Vision Sciences (CCECV), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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27
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Mirzajani A, Amini Vishteh R, Khalilian M. Introducing a new method of retinoscopy for refraction of infants and young children: The "Mirza" tele lens retinoscopy. J Optom 2021; 14:254-262. [PMID: 32978119 PMCID: PMC8258124 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the refractive error of the uncooperative infants and children with the new method of retinoscopy called the tele-lens ("Mirza") retinoscopy. METHODS In the "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy, the examiner placed the trial lenses in 1/3 distance between the tested eye person and peephole of the retinoscope (22.2 cm far from the spectacle plane). First, the optical calculations were done to find the correction factors for this new method of retinoscopy. Second, the dry standard and "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy were performed in 78 eyes from 39 children aged 7-12 years with good cooperation and next, the procedure was repeated using cyclopentolate drops and then the results of the two methods were compared, and at the end, the dry "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy was done in the 60 eyes of 31 uncooperative infants with a mean age of 21.85 ± 8.79 months for evaluating the feasibility of the "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy procedure. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot for assessment of agreement between the findings of two retinoscopic methods in dry and cyclo conditions were used. RESULTS The comparison between the dry standard and "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopic results with means of 1.39 ± 1.43 and1.36 ± 1.39, respectively were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Besides, comparing the mean cycloplegic results of two methods (standard vs. "Mirza" tele-lens), the difference was not statistically significant (2.37 ± 1.44 vs. 2.41 ± 1.37) (p > 0.05). Moreover, Two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant retinoscopy method × use of drops interaction (P = 0.103) in comparing two methods of the standard and "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy. ICC results indicated high agreement between two methods in both dry (ICC = 0.993) and cyclo (ICC = 0.989) conditions. CONCLUSIONS The "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy method can be performed with satisfactory results in infants and children who do not cooperate for the standard procedure of measuring the refractive errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirzajani
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Optometry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Amini Vishteh
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Optometry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Khalilian
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Optometry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yum HR, Park SH, Shin SY. Change of ocular parameters in children with large cup-to-disc ratio and interocular cup-to-disc ratio asymmetry. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:3453-3459. [PMID: 34142187 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enlarged optic disc cupping and interocular cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) asymmetry are often important indicators of glaucoma. Clinically, we occasionally encounter children with large CDR and interocular CDR asymmetry during vision screening. This study aimed to report longitudinal change of ocular parameters in children with large cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) and interocular CDR asymmetry. METHODS This was a retrospective, observational case series of 160 eyes of 160 children with large CDR who visited a tertiary eye center from January 2010 to June 2016. Average CDR ≥ 0.6 were considered large CDR values, and CDR asymmetry was defined as an interocular difference ratio value greater than 0.2. All included patients showed interocular pressure (IOP) < 21 mmHg at least three ophthalmic examinations conducted at total intervals of at least 30 months. RESULTS The mean age of children included in the study was 7.14 ± 2.42 years, with a follow-up period of 54.46 ± 19.82 months. Changes in refractive error and axial length were significantly different between initial and final examination (p < 0.001). However, optic nerve head (ONH) analysis and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thicknesses were not significantly different between initial and final examination. In interocular comparisons of patients with CDR asymmetry, changes of refractive error, axial length, ONH analysis, and RNFL and mGCIPL thickness were not significantly different between the two eyes. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in the changes of ONH analysis, and RNFL and mGCIPL thicknesses in children with large CDR, or those with interocular CDR asymmetry over the study period. Our results provide helpful information for the establishment of guidelines for managing children with large CDR and interocular CDR asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ri Yum
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hae Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Joseph S, Varadaraj V, Dave SR, Lage E, Lim D, Aziz K, Dudgeon S, Ravilla TD, Friedman DS. Investigation of the Accuracy of a Low-Cost, Portable Autorefractor to Provide Well-Tolerated Eyeglass Prescriptions: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Ophthalmology 2021; 128:1672-1680. [PMID: 34111444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare patient preferences for eyeglasses prescribed using a low-cost, portable wavefront autorefractor versus standard subjective refraction (SR). DESIGN Randomized, cross-over clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged 18 to 40 years presenting with refractive errors (REs) to a tertiary eye hospital in Southern India. METHODS Participants underwent SR followed by autorefraction (AR) using the monocular version of the QuickSee device (PlenOptika Inc). An independent optician, masked to the refraction approach, prepared eyeglasses based on each refraction approach. Participants (masked to refraction source) were randomly assigned to use SR- or AR-based eyeglasses first, followed by the other pair, for 1 week each. At the end of each week, participants had their vision checked and were interviewed about their experience with the eyeglasses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patients preferring eyeglasses were chosen using AR and SR. RESULTS The 400 participants enrolled between March 26, 2018, and August 2, 2019, had a mean (standard deviation) age of 28.4 (6.6) years, and 68.8% were women. There was a strong correlation between spherical equivalents using SR and AR (r = 0.97, P < 0.001) with a mean difference of -0.07 diopters (D) (95% limits of agreement [LoA], -0.68 to 0.83). Of the 301 patients (75.2%) who completed both follow-up visits, 50.5% (n = 152) and 49.5% (n = 149) preferred glasses prescribed using SR and AR, respectively (95% CI, 45.7-56.3; P = 0.86). There were no differences in demographic or vision characteristics between participants with different preferences (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS We observed a strong agreement between the prescriptions from SR and AR, and eyeglasses prescribed using SR and AR were equally preferred by patients. Wider use of prescribing based on AR alone in resource-limited settings is supported by these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanil Joseph
- Lions Aravind Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, India
| | - Varshini Varadaraj
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Eduardo Lage
- PlenOptika, Inc, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Electronics and Communications Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daryl Lim
- PlenOptika, Inc, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kanza Aziz
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah Dudgeon
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thulasiraj D Ravilla
- Lions Aravind Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, India
| | - David S Friedman
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Rakhshandadi T, Sedaghat MR, Askarizadeh F, Momeni-Moghaddam H, Khabazkhoob M, Yekta A, Narooie-Noori F. Refractive characteristics of keratoconus eyes with corneal Vogt's striae: A contralateral eye study. J Optom 2021; 14:183-188. [PMID: 32507616 PMCID: PMC8093541 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess and compare clinical characteristics of bilateral keratoconus patients with unilateral Vogt's striae. METHODS In this contralateral eye study, refractive status were evaluated in patients with bilateral keratoconus whose corneas had definite slit-lamp biomicroscopic evidence of unilateral Vogt's striae. All cases underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Some refractive errors components provided by autorefraction were converted to vectorial notation for power vector analysis. Finally, the outcomes were compared between keratoconus eyes with and without Vogt's striae. RESULTS Fifty patients aged 20 to 38 years (27.43±5.5) were recruited in this study. The results showed a significant difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic autorefraction including sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent, and J0, between keratoconus eyes with and without Vogt's striae (all P<0.05), except for J45 (P=0.518 in non-cycloplegic autorefraction and P=0.574 in cycloplegic autorefraction). Comparison of cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic autorefraction in both study groups showed significant differences in the sphere and spherical equivalent (all P<0.001), but no significant difference was found in cylinder, J0, and J45 between the study groups (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Comparison of the cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic autorefraction in keratoconus eyes with and without Vogt's striae showed significant differences in UDVA, CDVA, and some refractive errors components provided by autorefraction between the two groups, with a worse condition in KCN eyes with Vogt's striae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Rakhshandadi
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohamad-Reza Sedaghat
- Cornea Research Center, Khatam-Al-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Askarizadeh
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Momeni-Moghaddam
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Foroozan Narooie-Noori
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Norton TT, Khanal S, Gawne TJ. Tree shrews do not maintain emmetropia in initially-focused narrow-band cyan light. Exp Eye Res 2021; 206:108525. [PMID: 33711339 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We asked if emmetropia, achieved in broadband colony lighting, is maintained in narrow-band cyan light that is well focused in the emmetropic eye, but does not allow for guidance from longitudinal chromatic aberrations (LCA) and offers minimal perceptual color cues. In addition, we examined the response to a -5 D lens in this lighting. Seven tree shrews from different litters were initially housed in broad-spectrum colony lighting. At 24 ± 1 days after eye opening (Days of Visual Experience, DVE) they were housed for 11 days in ambient narrow-band cyan light (peak wavelength 505 ± 17 nm) selected because it is in focus in an emmetropic eye. Perceptually, monochromatic light at 505 nm cannot be distinguished from white by tree shrews. While in cyan light, each animal wore a monocular -5 D lens (Cyan -5 D eyes). The fellow eye was the Cyan no-lens eye. Daily awake non-cycloplegic measures were taken with an autorefractor (refractive state) and with optical low-coherence optical interferometry (axial component dimensions). These measures were compared with the values of animals raised in standard colony fluorescent lighting: an untreated group (n = 7), groups with monocular form deprivation (n = 7) or monocular -5 D lens treatment (n = 5), or that experienced 10 days in total darkness (n = 5). Refractive state at the onset of cyan light treatment was low hyperopia, (mean ± SEM) 1.4 ± 0.4 diopters. During treatment, the Cyan no-lens eyes became myopic (-2.9 ± 0.3 D) whereas colony lighting animals remained slightly hyperopic (1.0 ± 0.2 D). Initially, refractions of the Cyan -5 D eyes paralleled the Cyan no-lens eyes. After six days, they gradually became more myopic than the Cyan no-lens eyes; at the end of treatment, the refractions were -5.4 ± 0.3 D, a difference of -2.5 D from the Cyan no-lens eyes. When returned to colony lighting at 35 ± 1 DVE, the no-lens eye refractions rapidly recovered towards emmetropia but, as expected, the refraction of the -5 D eyes remained near -5 D. Vitreous chamber depth in both eyes was consistent with the refractive changes. In narrow-band cyan lighting the emmetropization mechanism did not maintain emmetropia even though the light initially was well focused. We suggest that, as the eyes diverged from emmetropia, there were insufficient LCA cues for the emmetropization mechanism to utilize the developing myopic refractive error in order to guide the eyes back to emmetropia. However, the increased myopia in the Cyan -5 D eyes in the narrow-band light indicates that the emmetropization mechanism nonetheless detected the presence of the lens-induced refractive error and responded with increased axial elongation that partly compensated for the negative-power lens. These data support the conclusion that the emmetropization mechanism cannot maintain emmetropia in narrow-band lighting. The additional myopia produced in eyes with the -5 D lens shows that the emmetropization mechanism responds to multiple defocus-related cues, even under conditions where it is unable to use them to maintain emmetropia.
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Käsmann-Kellner B, Seitz B. [MDVI patients - Multiply disabled visually impaired : On the situation of the child, parents and ophthalmologist with MDVI children]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 118:197-207. [PMID: 33443625 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional visual perception significantly contributes to the child's development and consists of much more than just visual acuity and the visual field. It includes cognitive interpretation of visual stimuli and runs along the temporal and parietal pathways of visual processing. Central visual impairment (CVI) usually affects otherwise healthy children with often good visual acuity, whereas the multiply disabled visually impaired (MDVI) have visual impairment and multiple disabilities. In MDVI patients an ocular and/or CVI can be present. The examination of MDVI patients poses a great challenge for the ophthalmologist and reflective visual test procedures should also be used. Particular attention should be paid to refraction and accommodation. The main ocular diagnosis in MDVI is optic atrophy and the general diagnoses are dominated by sequelae of premature birth, often in combination with spasticity and epilepsy. Early intervention is essential and is independent of the underlying diagnoses.
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Fieß A, Nickels S, Schulz A, Münzel T, Wild PS, Beutel ME, Urschitz MS, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Schuster AK. The relationship of ocular geometry with refractive error in normal and low birth weight adults. J Optom 2021; 14:50-57. [PMID: 32980297 PMCID: PMC7752971 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low birth weight (BW) individuals have an increased risk for myopic refractive error. However, it is unclear which ocular geometric alterations lead to an increase in myopic refractive error. This study aims to evaluate the impact of ocular biometry in interaction with BW on refractive error. METHODS Participants of the prospective, observational, population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) with self-reported BW aged 40-80 years and objective refraction and optical biometry were included. Linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between spherical equivalent with corneal power, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length and its interaction with BW adjusted for age and sex. Low BW was defined as BW<2500 g and normal BW between 2500-4000 g. RESULTS Overall, 5123 participants were included. Linear regression showed an interaction of axial length (B = 0.009/100 g, p = 0.002) with BW on spherical equivalent while corneal power, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness revealed no interaction with BW on refractive error. Furthermore, linear regression analysis revealed, that axial length explains 58% of variance of spherical equivalent in low BW subjects, and 54% in normal BW subjects. In contrast, corneal power explained 1% of variance of spherical equivalent in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that axial length variation explains the majority of variance in refractive error, while steeper corneal shape has no conclusive effects on refractive error. Low BW is not linked to effects of steeper corneal shape on myopic refractive error, while the effect of axial length on myopia is fractionally enlarged in those subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Fieß
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael S Urschitz
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
X-ray phase imaging that uses the phenomena of X-ray refraction and scattering to generate image contrast has the potential to overcome the drawback of conventional X-ray radiography in observing biological soft tissues. After its dawn at synchrotron radiation facilities 30 years ago, the development of X-ray phase imaging is expanding to hospitals by grating-based phase-imaging approaches available with a conventional X-ray tube. In this review, after introducing the physical advantages and methodological details of X-ray phase imaging, recent trials of instrumentation in hospitals for diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Momose
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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Yang B, Liu LQ. [Significant Increase in Astigmatism after Cycloplegia in Two Children]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 51:725-728. [PMID: 32975092 DOI: 10.12182/20200960203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two cases with high corneal astigmatism and mixed astigmatism were reported. Both cases showed significantly increased astigmatism after cycloplegia. Combined with the patients' refractive error, corneal topography and wavefront aberration changes, the possible causes were analyzed. Aberration changes caused by pupil dilation, corneal astigmatism differences in different diameter ranges, and changes in lens astigmatism before and after cycloplegia may lead to increased astigmatism after cycloplegia. It was found that cycloplegic refraction may not accurately reflect the refractive status in daily life for children with high corneal astigmatism, especially mixed astigmatism. Because children need refractive correction in the state of natural pupil, it is recommended that the cycloplegic refraction result could not be directly used as prescription for such children. The final prescription should be based on the topography and the refraction result under natural pupil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Long-Qian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Tachikawa T, Ueno R, Mita T, Yuzurihara D, Katsumi O, Noda T, Saito M. Refractive state and visual acuity of children with extremely low birth weight at 3 years old in Japan. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2020; 64:539-548. [PMID: 32648074 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-020-00754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the refractive status and visual acuity of 3-year-old children with extremely low birth weight (ELBW). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS We examined 161 children born between January 2009 and December 2014. The children were divided into five groups for evaluation of visual acuity and refraction: no retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), reverse ROP, photocoagulation (PC) zone II (ZII), PC (ZI), and PC (ZI + lens-sparing vitrectomy [vit]). RESULTS Median (1st quartile, 3rd quartile) gestational age was 25 (24, 26) weeks. Median birth weight was 738 (588, 846) g. Spherical equivalence (SE) was +0.38 (-0.06, +0.75) diopters (D) in no ROP, +0.63 (-0.25, +1.34) D in reverse ROP, +0.38 (-0.75, +1.31) D in PC (ZII), -3.31 (-8.06, +0.16) D in PC (ZI), and -12.00 (-13.50, -4.50) D in PC (ZI+ vit) children. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in log MAR was 0.15 (0.07, 0.26) in no ROP, 0.17 (0.10, 0.30) in reverse ROP, 0.22 (0.10, 0.38) in PC (ZII), 0.45 (0.22, 0.55) in PC (ZI), and 1.10 (0.82, 1.30) in PC (ZI+ vit) children. There was a significant correlation between SE and BCVA (r = -0.43, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The no ROP, reverse ROP, and PC (ZII) groups showed no significant differences in SE or BCVA, accounting for 79.5% of ELBW children. SE and BCVA in the PC (ZI) and PC (ZI+ vit) groups were worse than in the other groups. The current results reveal a correlation between SE and BCVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Tachikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Minami-Ohtsuka 2-8-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ritsuko Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Minami-Ohtsuka 2-8-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuko Mita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Minami-Ohtsuka 2-8-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yuzurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Minami-Ohtsuka 2-8-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Katsumi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Minami-Ohtsuka 2-8-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Noda
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Saito
- Office for Clinical Research Support, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Spekreijse LS, Simons RWP, Winkens B, van den Biggelaar FJHM, Dirksen CD, Nuijts RMMA. Cost-effectiveness of immediate versus delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery in the Netherlands (the BICAT-NL study): study design of a prospective multicenter randomised controlled trial. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:257. [PMID: 32600295 PMCID: PMC7323372 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed types of surgery. Most patients suffer from bilateral cataract and while cataract surgery of only one eye is effective in restoring functional vision, second-eye surgery leads to further improvements in health-related quality of life, and is cost-effective. At present, most patients undergo cataract surgery in both eyes on separate days as recommended in national guidelines, referred to as delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS). An alternative procedure involves operating both eyes on the same day, but as separate procedures, known as immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and costs of ISBCS compared to DSBCS, in order to test the hypothesis that ISBCS is non-inferior to DSBCS in terms of effectiveness and superior to ISBCS in terms of cost-effectiveness. Methods/design Multicenter non-inferiority randomised controlled clinical trial. Patients (18 years or older) with bilateral cataract and an indication for bilateral cataract surgery with an expected uncomplicated intraoperative and postoperative course are included in the study. Patients are randomly assigned to either ISBCS or DSBCS. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients with a refractive outcome in the second eye within 1.0 dioptre from the target refraction, at 4 weeks after surgery. Secondary outcomes include corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity, complications, patient reported outcomes (PROMs), cost-effectiveness, and budget impact. Follow-up visits are planned at 1 week after first-eye surgery and 4 weeks after second-eye surgery. At 3 months after first-eye surgery, the occurrence of complications is checked and patients fill in a final questionnaire. Discussion This study protocol describes the design of a multicenter non-inferiority randomised controlled trial. Current studies on ISBCS often lack information on safety regarding refractive outcomes. In addition, there is a lack of well-designed cost-effectiveness studies using established methods. The BICAT-NL study will provide more insight in refractive and cost-effectiveness outcomes for ISBCS compared to DSBCS. Trial registration This study was prospectively registered at Clinicaltrials.gov on January 17th 2018. (Identifier: NCT03400124.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Spekreijse
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands. .,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - R W P Simons
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - B Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - F J H M van den Biggelaar
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - C D Dirksen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - R M M A Nuijts
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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Zhang J, Feng Q, Ding W, Peng Y, Long K. Comparison of clinical results between trans-PRK and femtosecond LASIK for correction of high myopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:243. [PMID: 32560634 PMCID: PMC7304146 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the clinical outcomes of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) with femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for correction of high myopia. Methods In this prospective, non-randomised, cohort study, 85 eyes of 46 patients treated with TPRK and 80 eyes of 42 patients treated with FS-LASIK were included. All eyes were highly myopic (spherical equivalent refraction <− 6.00 diopters). Both TPRK and FS-LASIK were performed by Schwind Amaris 750S excimer laser. Visual acuity, refraction, corneal high order aberration (HOA) and other variables were analyzed before and at 1, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery. Results At 12 months after surgery, uncorrected logMAR distance visual acuity (UDVA) in the TPRK and FS-LASIK groups was − 0.04 ± 0.04 and − 0.01 ± 0.08, respectively (P = 0.039). Corrected logMAR distance visual acuity (CDVA) was − 0.06 ± 0.05 and − 0.04 ± 0.05 in both groups (P = 0.621). For UDVA, 86% of eyes in the TPRK group and 80% in the FS-LASIK group remained unchanged or improved one or more logMAR lines (P = 0.314), compared to preoperative CDVA. For CDVA, 97% of eyes in the TPRK group and 90% in the FS-LASIK group remained unchanged or improved one or more lines (P = 0.096), compared to preoperative CDVA. Spherical equivalent refraction was − 0.05 ± 0.39 and − 0.26 ± 0.47 in both groups (P = 0.030). 87% of eyes in the TPRK group and 73% in the FS-LASIK group achieved ±0.50 D target refraction (P = 0.019). All 85 eyes (100%) in the TPRK group and 75 eyes (92%) in the FS-LASIK group were within ±1.00 D of target (P = 0.003). Root mean square (RMS) of corneal total HOA and vertical coma in the TPRK group were lower compared with the FS-LASIK group (P < 0.001 for both variables). Conclusions TPRK and FS-LASIK showed good safety, efficacy and predictability for correction of high myopia. Clinical outcomes of TPRK were slightly better than FS-LASIK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafan Zhang
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qingqing Feng
- Qingdao Center Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenzhi Ding
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yusu Peng
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Keli Long
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China.
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Sigronde L, Blanc J, Aho S, Pallot C, Bron AM, Creuzot-Garcher C. Evaluation of the Spot Vision Screener in comparison with the orthoptic examination in visual screening in 3-5 year-old schoolchildren. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 43:411-416. [PMID: 32143821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the Spot Vision Screener (SVS) compared with the orthoptic examination for detection of amblyopia risk factors in preschools. METHODS This prospective study included children with a visual screening organized by the department of "le" (PMI) in Côte d'Or (Burgundy, France), between June 2017 and April 2018. All children were evaluated with the SVS followed by a clinical orthoptic examination. Results with the SVS were compared with those obtained by clinical orthoptic examination. RESULTS A total of 1236 subjects were included in the study from 100 preschools. The mean age of the children was 3.6±0.7 years, and 627 were female (50.7%). The orthoptic examination detected 308 (24.9%) children with subnormal visual acuity for age in one eye or both. In children with a history of prematurity, the orthoptic examination was more frequently abnormal (P=0.002), which was not seen with the SVS (P=0.050). The SVS screened 20 (1.6%) children with strabismus, while 40 (3.2%) were detected by orthoptic examination. At the end of the screening, the SVS detected 182 (14.7%) suspect patients while 311 (25.1%) suspect patients were detected after the orthoptic examination. Comparing SVS with orthoptic examination, agreement was fair (κ=0.4). CONCLUSION The SVS can be a useful device for visual screening, but agreement with the orthoptic examination was only fair. The Spot vision screener should be used in conjunction with a clinical orthoptic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sigronde
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon, France.
| | - J Blanc
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - S Aho
- Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - C Pallot
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - A-M Bron
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon, France; Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, University Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - C Creuzot-Garcher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon, France; Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, University Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Morgan PB, McCullough SJ, Saunders KJ. Estimation of ocular axial length from conventional optometric measures. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2020; 43:18-20. [PMID: 31786071 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cruza JF, Camacho J, Mateos R, Fritsch C. A new beamforming method and hardware architecture for real time two way dynamic depth focusing. Ultrasonics 2019; 99:105965. [PMID: 31362260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2019.105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Total Focusing Method (TFM) yields a focused image in emission and in reception while Phased Array (PA) imaging provides Dynamic Depth Focusing (DDF) in reception only. Besides, most NDE applications have two propagation media, where refraction at the interface complicates time-of-flight (TOF) and focal law computations. This affects especially TFM, which must compute the TOFs from all elements to image pixels and use them to select the data for imaging. A new method with real-time Dynamic Depth Full Focusing (DDFF), in emission and reception, is proposed in this work. It is called Total Focusing Phased Array (TFPA) because it uses concepts of TFM and PA. Omnidirectional emissions are used to create a synthetic aperture as in TFM, while beamforming is carried out along scan lines as in PA, simplifying the delay calculation in the presence of interfaces and providing an efficient hardware implementation. Refraction at the interface between two media is eliminated by a Virtual Array (VA) that converts such scenario into a simple homogeneous medium. Propagation can be considered along scan lines from the virtual array at constant speed, as in homogeneous media. Strict dynamic focusing is performed in real-time, an important difference with other approaches that require iterative Fermat search to get the focal laws for every imaged point. With TFPA only 3 parameters per element and scan line are required to perform this task. Experiments are carried out to compare the three techniques, PA, TFM and TFPA. TFM and TFPA yield similar image quality, offering improved depth of field and resolution over PA. On the other hand, TFPA avoids most of the burden for computing TOFs and operates in real time with one or two media propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F Cruza
- DASEL, Avda. del Cañal 44 Nave 3, 28500 Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Camacho
- Ultrasound Systems and Technology Group (GSTU), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), c/ Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Mateos
- Department of Electronics, University of Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Carlos Fritsch
- Ultrasound Systems and Technology Group (GSTU), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), c/ Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Mirzajani A, Qasemi F, Asharlous A, Yekta A, Doostdar A, Khabazkhoob M, Hashemi H. Are the results of handheld auto-refractometer as valid as the result of table-mounted refractometer? J Curr Ophthalmol 2019; 31:305-311. [PMID: 31528766 PMCID: PMC6742606 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the agreement of table-mounted and handheld auto-refractometers and to evaluate the effect of age and different types of refractive errors on this comparison. Methods In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 using multi-stage cluster sampling, two underserved villages were selected randomly in the north and southwest of Iran. All the selected participants underwent optometric and ophthalmic examinations. Refraction was measured using handheld and table-mounted auto-refractometers in 652 subjects. Results The mean age of the subjects was 32.7 ± 18.72 years, and 58.3% of them were female. A significant difference was observed in the results of sphere, spherical equivalent (SE), and J45 vector between the two devices (P < 0.012), but there was no significant difference in J0 vector. There was a significant difference in the results of sphere between the two devices in all age groups under 50 years (P = 0.005), but there was no difference in age groups above 50 years. Correlation coefficients of the two devices were 0.989, 0.986, 0.908, and 0.951 for the results of sphere, SE, J0 vector, and J45 vector, respectively (P < 0.0001). The 95% limit of agreement (LOA) of the two devices was -0.31 to +0.53 for sphere, -0.27 to +0.63 for SE, -0.27 to +0.27 for J0 vector, and -0.16 to -0.17 for J45 vector. Conclusions According to our findings, the spherical error and cylindrical power measurements of the two devices have a significant correlation. Although there is a significant difference in the mean values between the two devices, this difference may be considered clinically insignificant, and considering the narrow 95% LOA between the two devices, the results may be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirzajani
- Department of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Qasemi
- Department of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Asharlous
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asgar Doostdar
- Department of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Sow AS, Ndiaye JM, Wane AM, Kane H, Ka AM, Diagne JP, Nguer M, Quenum MED, Ba EA, Ndoye Roth PA, Ndiaye PA. [Ametropia among senegalese children in a hospital setting]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2019; 42:959-961. [PMID: 31235321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ametropia is common in children and cause strabismus and amblyopia. The goal was to establish its prevalence in a hospital setting among Senegalese children. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients under 15 years of age with clear ocular media. The marital status, circumstances of discovery, and results of cycloplegic refraction were recorded. RESULTS Of 1506 children, 175 demonstrated ametropia. The mean age was 8 years, and the male : female ratio was 0.68. Family history of ametropia was present in 8.5 %. Decreased VA was present in 39.66 %, headache 10.06 %, and strabismus 4.47 %. Automated refraction in 109 patients and skiascopy in one patient showed 58.18 % cases of myopia, 18.18 % of hyperopia and 36.57 % of astigmatism. DISCUSSION The most common ametropia was myopia. Patients were referred for symptomatic ametropia. CONCLUSION Screening for ametropia might occur earlier if it is associated with pediatric monitoring in our regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sow
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - J M Ndiaye
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A M Wane
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - H Kane
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A M Ka
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Abass Ndao Dakar Gueule Tapée, Sénégal
| | - J P Diagne
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Abass Ndao Dakar Gueule Tapée, Sénégal
| | - M Nguer
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - M E D Quenum
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Abass Ndao Dakar Gueule Tapée, Sénégal
| | - E A Ba
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - P A Ndoye Roth
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - P A Ndiaye
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Abass Ndao Dakar Gueule Tapée, Sénégal
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Rosenblatt A, Mimouni M, Sela T, Munzer G, Varssano D, Sorkin N. Correlation between refractive state, corneal thickness, and keratometry in ametropic patients. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 30:891-896. [PMID: 31055942 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119845609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the correlation between age, gender, refractive error, keratometry, and corneal thickness in a large group of subjects. METHODS This study is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent refractive surgery between January 2000 and February 2015 at Care Vision Refractive Clinic, Tel Aviv, Israel. Patient demographics, subjective refraction, pachymetry, and average keratometry were collected. RESULTS Overall, 51,113 eyes of patients averaging 28.8 ± 9.3 years of which 53.9% were males were included. Average keratometry, spherical equivalent and cylindrical error differed significantly between male and female subjects (p < 0.001), while pachymetry did not (p = 0.332). In myopic eyes, correlations between age, pachymetry, average keratometry, spherical equivalent, and cylindrical error were all statistically significant except for the correlation between age and either pachymetry (p = 0.462) or spherical equivalent (p = 0.016). All correlations found were negligible or small (|r|= 0.003 to 0.141). In hyperopic eyes, correlations between age, pachymetry, average keratometry, spherical equivalent, and cylindrical error were all statistically significant except for the correlation between average keratometry and either pachymetry or cylindrical error (p = 0.344 or p = 0.274, respectively). All correlations found were negligible or small, except for a moderate correlation found between age and cylindrical error (r = 0.365). CONCLUSION Refractive state, pachymetry, and keratometry of refractive surgery candidates are mostly weakly correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Mimouni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tzahi Sela
- Care Vision Refractive Surgery Facility, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gur Munzer
- Care Vision Refractive Surgery Facility, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Varssano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Sorkin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Care Vision Refractive Surgery Facility, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Veleva N, Chernodrinska V. Refractive Status in Children with Laser-Treated Retinopathy of Prematurity: Our Experience in Bulgaria. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1320-1323. [PMID: 31110577 PMCID: PMC6514343 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: With the establishment of laser photocoagulation as a standard treatment modality for prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a dramatic reduction of cases with ROP blindness and severe visual impairment have been reported. In the same time, high refractive errors, a common complication in ROP cases and especially in ROP treated infants, have become the main cause of visual and often severe visual impairment. AIM: The purpose of our study was to analyse the long-term refractive status in children at 3.5 years after laser-treatment for type 1 prethreshold ROP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective, one centre study of refractive status of 18 children with laser-treated type 1 prethreshold ROP was conducted. The refraction after cycloplegia with 1% cyclopentolate was measured at a mean age of 3.56 years (SD ± 0.34). Hyperopia was subdivided into two groups – low hyperopia (SE < +5.0 D) and high hyperopia (SE ≥ +5.0 D). Myopia was classified as myopia (SE ≥ –0.25D) and high myopia (SE ≥ -5.0 D). Astigmatism was divided into low astigmatism (plus CD ≥ +1.0 D) and high astigmatism (plus CD ≥ +2.0 D). RESULTS: Thirty-three eyes of 18 children were recruited in the study. Three eyes were excluded because of unfavourable anatomical results. The mean gestational age at birth was 27.3 weeks (24-31 weeks, SD ± 1.78), and the mean birth weight – 928.9 g (550-1500 g, SD ± 252.8). The mean spherical equivalent for the whole group was -1.82 D and ranged from -9.00 D to +4.50 D (SD ± 3.48). Hyperopia was observed in 12 (36.4%) eyes. Myopic refraction had 21 (63.6%) eyes. Astigmatism was detected in 18 (54.5%) eyes. Anisometropia had 3 (16.7%) children. Six children (33.4%) had strabismus (4 esotropia; 2 exotropia). CONCLUSION: High per cent of treated infants for vision-threatening ROP have visual significant refractive errors and strabismus that can cause serious visual impairment if not treated properly and on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevyana Veleva
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Chernodrinska
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Michael R, Pareja-Aricò L, Rauscher FG, Barraquer RI. Cortical Cataract and Refractive Error. Ophthalmic Res 2019; 62:157-165. [PMID: 30921809 DOI: 10.1159/000496865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between the presence of cortical cataract and accommodation effort, using refractive error as a proxy. METHODS Patients between 50 and 90 years, scheduled for cataract surgery, were selected with the help of a photographic database. Nuclear and cortical cataract were graded and patients grouped having no cataract, pure cortical, mixed or pure nuclear cataract. Refraction data at the time of the photograph was converted to estimated spherical equivalent refractive error each patient would have had at the age of 45 years. RESULTS From the initial 239 eyes from 239 patients, cases with myopia below -6.5 dpt and hyperopia above 6.5 dpt were excluded, resulting in 199 cases for final analysis. Eyes with no cataract showed the lowest median refractive error (-3.65 dpt), followed by the pure nuclear group (-2.69 dpt). The median refractive error for pure cortical (-0.23 dpt) and mixed cataracts (-0.87 dpt) were close to emmetropia. Cortical cataracts were found in 37% of myopes, 82% of emmetropes, and 85% of hyperopes. CONCLUSION Emmetropes and hyperopes tend to develop more cortical cataract than myopes. These cortical cataracts might be caused by shear stress inside the crystalline lens due to accommodation efforts at the time of onset of presbyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Michael
- Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Barcelona, Spain, .,Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Luis Pareja-Aricò
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Franziska G Rauscher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rafael I Barraquer
- Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Sanz Diez P, Yang LH, Lu MX, Wahl S, Ohlendorf A. Growth curves of myopia-related parameters to clinically monitor the refractive development in Chinese schoolchildren. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:1045-1053. [PMID: 30903312 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To produce a clinical model for the prediction of myopia development based on the creation of percentile curves of axial length in school-aged children from Wuhan in central China. METHODS Data of 12,554 children (6054 girls and 6500 boys) were collected and analyzed for the generation of the axial length growth curves. A second data set with 226 children and three yearly successive measurements was used to verify the predictive power of the axial length growth percentile curves. Percentile curves were calculated for both gender groups and four age groups (6, 9, 12, and 15 years). The second data set was used to verify the efficacy of identifying the refractive error of the children using the axial length curves, based on their spherical refractive error from the third visit. RESULTS From 6 to 15 years of age, all percentiles showed a growth trend in axial length, except for the percentiles below the first quartile, which appear to stabilize after the age of 12 (- 0.10; 95%CI, - 0.36-0.16; P = 0.23 for girls; - 0.16; 95%CI, - 0.70-0.39; P = 0.34 for boys); however, the growth continued for the remaining 75% of cases. The second data set showed that the likelihood of suffering high myopia (spherical refractive error ≤- 5.00D) during adolescent years increased when axial length values were above the first quartile, for both genders. CONCLUSIONS The data from the current study provide a tool to observe the annual growth rates of axial length and can be considered as an approach to predict the refractive development at school ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sanz Diez
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Technology and Innovation, Turnstraße 27, 73430, Aalen, Germany. .,Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Li-Hua Yang
- Wuhan Center for Adolescent Poor Vision Prevention and Control, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Mei-Xia Lu
- Wuhan Commission of Experts for the Prevention and Control of Adolescent Poor Vision, Wuhan, 430015, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Siegfried Wahl
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Technology and Innovation, Turnstraße 27, 73430, Aalen, Germany.,Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arne Ohlendorf
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Technology and Innovation, Turnstraße 27, 73430, Aalen, Germany.,Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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Abstract
Amblyopia is a visual deficit that occurs during childhood and results in an abnormal development of the normal cortical visual pathway. It is defined as the reduction of best corrected visual acuity of one or rarely both eyes, which is not explained by structural abnormalities of the eye alone. During the sensitive period amblyopia is completely or partially reversible. The main causes of amblyopia are strabismus and refractive errors. Congenital cataracts are less common but if present may cause pronounced amblyopia. In Germany the prevalence of Amblyopia is approximately 5%, which is relatively high in relation to other countries, even though data are not completely comparable. As amblyopia can only be successfully treated during the first years of life, early detection of amblyogenic factors is important. Screening tests help in identifying children at risk of amblyopia, while only a thorough ophthalmological examination including cycloplegic refraction reliably detects all risk factors of amblyopia. Treatment consists of removal of the amblyogenic factors and stimulation of the amblyopic eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Nentwich
- Augenklinik, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland.
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49
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Li J, Liu C, Wu T, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yu Z, Ye H, Yu L. Efficient Polarization Beam Splitter Based on All-Dielectric Metasurface in Visible Region. Nanoscale Res Lett 2019; 14:34. [PMID: 30684246 PMCID: PMC6349268 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an all-dielectric gradient metasurface, composed of periodic arrangement of differently sized cross-shaped silicon nanoblocks resting on the fused silica substrate, to realize the function of polarization split in visible region. The cross-shaped silicon block arrays can induce two opposite transmission phase gradients along the x-direction for the linear x-polarization and y-polarization. By properly designing, the metasurface can separate the linearly polarized light into x- and y-polarized ones, which propagate at the same angle along the left and right sides of the normal incidence in the x-z plane. Particularly, when a beam with the polarization angle of 45.0° is incident on the proposed device, the x- and y-polarized transmitted ones possess nearly equal intensity within the wavelength range from 579 to 584 nm. We expect the proposed polarization beam splitter can play an important role for future free-space optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Tiesheng Wu
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004 China
| | - Yumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Zhongyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Han Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
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50
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhao W, Cheng W, Cui T. Corneal remodeling and spatial profiles following small incision lenticule extraction. Int Ophthalmol 2018; 39:1827-1836. [PMID: 30171445 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-1010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the three-dimensional corneal spatial profiles following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) based on corneal asphericity, thickness, and volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-three eyes in 83 patients who underwent SMILE were examined before and 1 and 6 months after surgery. The asphericity of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces was analyzed. Corneal volume (CV) was measured in corneal regions measuring 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm, and 7.0 mm in diameter. Mean corneal thickness (CT) values were acquired at the apex (0.0 mm) and in four concentric radial zones from the apex (with diameters of 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mm). RESULTS The mean anterior Q value increased from - 0.32 preoperatively to 0.67 at 1 month and 0.62 at 6 months postoperatively. The mean posterior Q value decreased from - 0.30 preoperatively to - 0.26 at 1 month and to - 0.25 at 6 months postoperatively. The CV increased by 0.05 ± 0.06 mm3 (1.40%), 0.06 ± 0.11 mm3 (0.83%), and 0.09 ± 0.17 mm3 (0.73%) along the radial zones with respective diameters of 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm, and 7.0 mm. The CT increased by 6.02 ± 6.48 µm (1.36%) at the apex and then decreased with increasing distance from the center, i.e., to 5.52 ± 6.31 µm (1.20%) at 2.0 mm, 4.72 ± 6.55 µm (0.92%) at 4.0 mm, 4.47 ± 7.86 µm (0.75%) at 6.0 mm, and 4.86 ± 10.31 µm (0.70%) at 8.0 mm. No correlations were observed between changes in CV and CT and refractive fluctuation between 1 month and 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The corneal profile displayed a less oblate shift on the anterior surface; however, the posterior surface showed a slight backward shift during the postoperative period. The CV and CT steadily increased after surgery and mainly within the operative zones. Refraction remained stable postoperatively and was not affected by the corneal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Eye Hospital and Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, No 4. Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbo Cheng
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Cui
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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