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Distribution of Biodiversity of Wild Beet Species (Genus Beta L.) in Armenia under Ongoing Climate Change Conditions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192502. [PMID: 36235368 PMCID: PMC9573691 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reported annual temperature increase and significant precipitation drop in Armenia impact the country’s ecosystems and biodiversity. The present study surveyed the geographical distribution of the local wild beet species under the ongoing climate change conditions. We showed that B. lomatogona, B. corolliflora and B. macrorhiza are sensitive to climate change and were affected to various degrees, depending on their location. The most affected species was B. lomatogona, which is at the verge of extinction. Migration for ca. 90 and 200–300 m up the mountain belt was recorded for B. lomatogona and B. macrorhiza, respectively. B. corolliflora was found at 100–150 m lower altitudes than in the 1980s. A general reduction in the beet’s population size in the native habitats was observed, with an increased number of plants within the populations, recorded for B. corolliflora and B. macrorhiza. A new natural hybrid Beta x intermedium Aloyan between B. corolliflora and B. macrorhiza was described and confirmed using chloroplast DNA trnL-trnF intergenic spacer (LF) and partially sequenced alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of nuclear DNA. An overview of the wild beets reported in Armenia with the taxonomic background, morphological features, and distribution is provided. Conservation measures for preservation of these genetic resources are presented.
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Datta A, Kumschick S, Geerts S, Wilson JRU. Identifying safe cultivars of invasive plants: six questions for risk assessment, management, and communication. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.51635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of biological invasions is often focussed at the species level. However, the risks posed by infra- and inter-specific entities can be significantly different from the risks posed by the corresponding species, to the extent that they should be regulated and managed differently. In particular, many ornamental plants have been the subject of long-term breeding and selection programmes, with an increasing focus on trying to develop cultivars and hybrids that are less invasive. In this paper, we frame the problem of determining the risk of invasion posed by cultivars or hybrids as a set of six questions that map on to the key components of a risk analysis, viz., risk identification, risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. 1) Has an infra- or inter-specific entity been proposed as “safe to use” despite at least one of the corresponding species being a harmful invasive? 2) What are the trait differences between the proposed safe alternative and its corresponding invasive species? 3) Do the differences in traits translate into a difference in invasion risk that is significant for regulation? 4) Are the differences spatially and temporally stable? 5) Can the entities be distinguished from each other in practice? 6) What are the appropriate ways to communicate the risks and what can be done to manage them? For each question, we use examples to illustrate how they might be addressed focussing on plant cultivars that are purported to be safe due to sterility. We review the biological basis of sterility, methods used to generate sterile cultivars, and the methods available to confirm sterility. It is apparent that separating invasive genetic entities from less invasive, but closely related, genetic entities in a manner appropriate for regulation currently remains unfeasible in many circumstances – it is a difficult, expensive and potentially fruitless endeavour. Nonetheless, we strongly believe that an a priori assumption of risk should be inherited from the constituent taxa and the onus (and cost) of proof should be held by those who wish to benefit from infra- (or inter-) specific genetic entities. The six questions outlined here provide a general, science-based approach to distinguish closely-related taxa based on the invasion risks they pose.
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Chafin TK, Douglas MR, Martin BT, Douglas ME. Hybridization drives genetic erosion in sympatric desert fishes of western North America. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 123:759-773. [PMID: 31431737 PMCID: PMC6834602 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many species have evolved or currently coexist in sympatry due to differential adaptation in a heterogeneous environment. However, anthropogenic habitat modifications can either disrupt reproductive barriers or obscure environmental conditions which underlie fitness gradients. In this study, we evaluated the potential for an anthropogenically-mediated shift in reproductive boundaries that separate two historically sympatric fish species (Gila cypha and G. robusta) endemic to the Colorado River Basin using ddRAD sequencing of 368 individuals. We first examined the integrity of reproductive isolation while in sympatry and allopatry, then characterized hybrid ancestries using genealogical assignment tests. We tested for localized erosion of reproductive isolation by comparing site-wise genomic clines against global patterns and identified a breakdown in the drainage-wide pattern of selection against interspecific heterozygotes. This, in turn, allowed for the formation of a hybrid swarm in one tributary, and asymmetric introgression where species co-occur. We also detected a weak but significant relationship between genetic purity and degree of consumptive water removal, suggesting a role for anthropogenic habitat modifications in undermining species boundaries or expanding historically limited introgression. In addition, results from basin-wide genomic clines suggested that hybrids and parental forms are adaptively nonequivalent. If so, then a failure to manage for hybridization will exacerbate the long-term extinction risk in parental populations. These results reinforce the role of anthropogenic habitat modification in promoting interspecific introgression in sympatric species by relaxing divergent selection. This, in turn, underscores a broader role for hybridization in decreasing global biodiversity within rapidly deteriorating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler K Chafin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Marlis R Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Bradley T Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Michael E Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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Petřík P, Sádlo J, Hejda M, Štajerová K, Pyšek P, Pergl J. Composition patterns of ornamental flora in the Czech Republic. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.52.39260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ornamental plants are an important component of urban floras and a significant source of alien plant invasions to the surrounding landscapes. We studied ornamental flora across 174 settlements in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. The aims of the study were to (i) identify clusters of sites that are defined as distinctive groups of ornamental taxa reflecting environmental or socioeconomic factors and (ii) apply the classification approach which is traditionally used for spontaneous vegetation in order to evaluate the potential of different settlement types to act as source sites of invasive species. The inventories were classified in a similar manner that is generally applied to spontaneous vegetation using the COCKTAIL method. Diagnostic taxa were classified in a repeatable manner into 17 species groups, forming five distinctive clusters with ~70% of sites attributed to one cluster. The species pools of the clusters differed in their representation of species with native or alien status and different life forms. The following clusters were distinguished, based on the prevailing type of settlement: (1) old villas neighbourhoods of towns, (2) upland settlements, (3) modern neighbourhoods, (4) old rustic settlements and (5) modern rustic settlements. Similar to spontaneous vegetation, the classification of ornamental flora reflects both basic natural gradients (i.e. altitude) and man-made factors (i.e. the preferences for certain plants and associated management practices). Alien taxa associated with modern neighbourhoods are characterised by a relatively higher invasion potential than those from, for example, old rustic settlements. This is especially true for woody species which can spread in ruderal habitats as a result of urban sprawl. Our results showed that the classification method, commonly used to analyse vegetation data, can also be applied to ornamental flora.
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Essl F, Dullinger S, Genovesi P, Hulme PE, Jeschke JM, Katsanevakis S, Kühn I, Lenzner B, Pauchard A, Pyšek P, Rabitsch W, Richardson DM, Seebens H, van Kleunen M, van der Putten WH, Vilà M, Bacher S. A Conceptual Framework for Range-Expanding Species that Track Human-Induced Environmental Change. Bioscience 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
For many species, human-induced environmental changes are important indirect drivers of range expansion into new regions. We argue that it is important to distinguish the range dynamics of such species from those that occur without, or with less clear, involvement of human-induced environmental changes. We elucidate the salient features of the rapid increase in the number of species whose range dynamics are human induced, and review the relationships and differences to both natural range expansion and biological invasions. We discuss the consequences for science, policy and management in an era of rapid global change and highlight four key challenges relating to basic gaps in knowledge, and the transfer of scientific understanding to biodiversity management and policy. We conclude that range-expanding species responding to human-induced environmental change will become an essential feature for biodiversity management and science in the Anthropocene. Finally, we propose the term neonative for these taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, in Vienna, Austria
- Department of Botany and Zoology, at Stellenbosch University, in Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, in Vienna, Austria
| | - Piero Genovesi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research and is chair of the IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, in Rome, Italy
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, at Lincoln University, in Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy's Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology, Halle, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle–Jena–Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, in Vienna, Austria
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, at the University of Concepcion, in Concepción, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, in Santiago, Chile
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, in Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, at Charles University, in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Rabitsch
- Environment Agency Austria's Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, in Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Richardson
- Department of Botany and Zoology, at Stellenbosch University, in Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, in Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology section of the Department of Biology at the University of Konstanz, in Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, at Taizhou University, in Taizhou, China
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, in Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology at Wageningen University and Research Centre, in Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology at the University of Fribourg, in Fribourg, Switzerland
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Twenty-five years of conferences on the Ecology and Management of Alien Plant invasions: the history of EMAPi 1992–2017. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Peres CK, Lambrecht RW, Tavares DA, Chiba de Castro WA. Alien Express: The threat of aquarium e-commerce introducing invasive aquatic plants in Brazil. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Haeuser E, Dawson W, Thuiller W, Dullinger S, Block S, Bossdorf O, Carboni M, Conti L, Dullinger I, Essl F, Klonner G, Moser D, Münkemüller T, Parepa M, Talluto MV, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Winter M, Hermy M, Van der Veken S, Roquet C, van Kleunen M. European ornamental garden flora as an invasion debt under climate change. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Haeuser
- Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego California
- Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Conservation Ecology Group; Department of Biosciences; Durham University; Durham UK
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- LECA-Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS; Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc; Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Botany and Biodiversity Research; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Svenja Block
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Marta Carboni
- LECA-Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS; Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc; Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - Luisa Conti
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Sciences; University of South Bohemia; České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Iwona Dullinger
- Botany and Biodiversity Research; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Social Ecology; Faculty for Interdisciplinary Studies; Alps Adria University; Vienna Austria
| | - Franz Essl
- Botany and Biodiversity Research; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Günther Klonner
- Botany and Biodiversity Research; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Botany and Biodiversity Research; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Tamara Münkemüller
- LECA-Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS; Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc; Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - Madalin Parepa
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Matthew V. Talluto
- LECA-Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS; Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc; Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography; University of Goettingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology; Institute of Botany; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology; Institute of Botany; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography; University of Goettingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Martin Hermy
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape; Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Cristina Roquet
- LECA-Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS; Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc; Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation; Taizhou University; Taizhou China
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Mayer K, Haeuser E, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Winter M, Lenzner B, van Kleunen M. Naturalization of ornamental plant species in public green spaces and private gardens. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Klonner G, Dullinger I, Wessely J, Bossdorf O, Carboni M, Dawson W, Essl F, Gattringer A, Haeuser E, van Kleunen M, Kreft H, Moser D, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Thuiller W, Weigelt P, Winter M, Dullinger S. Will climate change increase hybridization risk between potential plant invaders and their congeners in Europe? DIVERS DISTRIB 2017; 23:934-943. [PMID: 28781572 PMCID: PMC5518762 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Interspecific hybridization can promote invasiveness of alien species. In many regions of the world, public and domestic gardens contain a huge pool of non-native plants. Climate change may relax constraints on their naturalization and hence facilitate hybridization with related species in the resident flora. Here, we evaluate this possible increase in hybridization risk by predicting changes in the overlap of climatically suitable ranges between a set of garden plants and their congeners in the resident flora. LOCATION Europe. METHODS From the pool of alien garden plants, we selected those which (1) are not naturalized in Europe, but established outside their native range elsewhere in the world; (2) belong to a genus where interspecific hybridization has been previously reported; and (3) have congeners in the native and naturalized flora of Europe. For the resulting set of 34 alien ornamentals as well as for 173 of their European congeners, we fitted species distribution models and projected suitable ranges under the current climate and three future climate scenarios. Changes in range overlap between garden plants and congeners were then assessed by means of the true skill statistic. RESULTS Projections suggest that under a warming climate, suitable ranges of garden plants will increase, on average, while those of their congeners will remain constant or shrink, at least under the more severe climate scenarios. The mean overlap in ranges among congeners of the two groups will decrease. Variation among genera is pronounced; however, and for some congeners, range overlap is predicted to increase significantly. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Averaged across all modelled species, our results do not indicate that hybrids between potential future invaders and resident species will emerge more frequently in Europe when climate warms. These average trends do not preclude, however, that hybridization risk may considerably increase in particular genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Klonner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Iwona Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Social EcologyFaculty for Interdisciplinary StudiesAlps Adria UniversityViennaAustria
| | - Johannes Wessely
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution & EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Marta Carboni
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRSUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Gattringer
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Emily Haeuser
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRSUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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