1
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Jin M, Shi L, Wang L, Zhang D, Li Y. Dihydroartemisinin enhances the anti-tumour effect of photodynamic therapy by targeting PKM2-mediated glycolysis in oesophageal cancer cell. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2296695. [PMID: 38111311 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2296695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been demonstrated to provide immediate relief of oesophageal cancer patients' re-obstruction and extend their lifespan. However, tumour regrowth may occur after PDT due to enhanced aerobic glycolysis. Previous research has confirmed the inhibitory effect of Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on aerobic glycolysis. Therefore, the current study intends to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of DHA targeting tumour cell aerobic glycolysis in synergia PDT. The combined treatment significantly suppressed glycolysis in vitro and in vivo compared to either monotherapy. Exploration of the mechanism through corresponding experiments revealed that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) was downregulated in treated cells, whereas overexpression of PKM2 nullified the inhibitory effects of DHA and PDT. This study proposes a novel therapeutic strategy for oesophageal cancer through DHA-synergized PDT treatment, targeting inhibit PKM2 to reduce tumour cell proliferation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Luyao Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Dingyuan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yanjing Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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2
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Aebisher D, Rogóż K, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Wiench R, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. The use of photodynamic therapy in medical practice. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1373263. [PMID: 38803535 PMCID: PMC11129581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1373263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy, especially for tumors near sensitive areas, demands precise treatment. This review explores photodynamic therapy (PDT), a method leveraging photosensitizers (PS), specific wavelength light, and oxygen to target cancer effectively. Recent advancements affirm PDT's efficacy, utilizing ROS generation to induce cancer cell death. With a history spanning over decades, PDT's dynamic evolution has expanded its application across dermatology, oncology, and dentistry. This review aims to dissect PDT's principles, from its inception to contemporary medical applications, highlighting its role in modern cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Kacper Rogóż
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Rafał Wiench
- Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
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3
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Hayashi T, Hayashi K, Terashima T, Nishitani M, Orita N, Miyazawa M, Seki A, Nakagawa H, Nio K, Iida N, Yamada S, Takatori H, Shimakami T, Yamashita T. Photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium for endoscopically unresectable gastric cancer using a novel simultaneous light-emitting method. DEN OPEN 2024; 4:e334. [PMID: 38264465 PMCID: PMC10804183 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
We describe a case of gastric cancer treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with talaporfin sodium using a novel simultaneous light-emitting method. An 82-year-old man was diagnosed with gastric cancer near the cardia with suspected deep submucosal invasion. Surgical resection was deemed high-risk owing to an underlying pulmonary disease. After ruling out endoscopic procedures due to intense fibrosis resulting from the scarring, PDT with talaporfin sodium was chosen. PDT was successfully conducted using an endoscope with simultaneous light emission. The patient experienced a complete response to the treatment and showed no signs of recurrence during follow-up. This case highlights the potential of PDT with talaporfin sodium as a viable alternative for challenging cases, particularly in patients unsuitable for surgery and endoscopic resection. Furthermore, the novel simultaneous light-emitting method may improve the efficiency of the procedure. This case demonstrates the potential of PDT in gastric cancer treatment, especially for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hayashi
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | - Kotaro Hayashi
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | - Takeshi Terashima
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | - Masaki Nishitani
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | - Noriaki Orita
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | - Masaki Miyazawa
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | - Akihiro Seki
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | | | - Kouki Nio
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | - Noriho Iida
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | - Shinya Yamada
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | - Hajime Takatori
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalIshikawaJapan
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4
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Okamoto K, Yamaguchi T, Asakawa T, Kaida D, Miyata T, Hayashi T, Ojima T, Fujita H, Inaki N, Kinami S, Ninomiya I, Takamura H. Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced cervical esophageal adenocarcinoma derived from a gastric inlet patch: A case report. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:120. [PMID: 38348383 PMCID: PMC10859833 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A gastric inlet patch (GIP) is an ectopic gastric mucosal lesion usually arising at the cervical esophagus that may rarely cause esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a GIP-derived EAC that was successfully treated using a multidisciplinary treatment approach. A 64-year-old man was referred to the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital (Kanazawa, Japan) for surgical treatment of refractory recurrent cervical EAC derived from GIP who had previously been treated with induction chemotherapy, definitive chemoradiotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a stenotic tumor at the GIP site in the cervical esophagus and submucosal tumors with suspected multiple intramural metastases in the anal side of the thoracic esophagus. The patient underwent robot-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy with laryngopharyngectomy and cervical lymphadenectomy as radical salvage surgery 4 months after the last PDT procedure. After postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using oral administration of tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (oral 5-fluorouracil prodrug) for 1 year; at present, the patient is alive without recurrence 3 years after the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Department of Surgery, Houju Memorial Hospital, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1226, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaida
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyata
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ojima
- Department of Surgery, Toyama Nishi General Hospital, Toyama, Toyama 939-2716, Japan
| | - Hideto Fujita
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Inaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kinami
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Surgery, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui, Fukui 910-0846, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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5
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Li Y, Li Y, Song Y, Liu S. Advances in research and application of photodynamic therapy in cholangiocarcinoma (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 51:53. [PMID: 38334150 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a disease characterized by insidious clinical manifestations and challenging to diagnose. Patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and miss the opportunity for radical surgery. Therefore, effective palliative therapy is the main treatment approach for unresectable CCA. Current common palliative treatments include biliary drainage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, these treatments only offer limited improvement in quality of life and survival. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel local treatment method that is considered a safe tumor ablation method for numerous cancers. It has shown good efficacy in various studies of CCA and is expected to become an important treatment for CCA. In the present study, the mechanisms of PDT in the treatment of CCA were systematically explored and the progress in the research of photosensitizers was discussed. The current study focused on the various PDT protocols and their therapeutic effects in CCA, with the objective of providing a new horizon for future research and clinical applications of PDT in the treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Song
- Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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6
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Chen Y, Mei Y, Gu L, Li X, Guo P, Chen L, He D. A novel PDT: 5-aminolevulinic acid combined 450 nm blue laser photodynamic therapy significantly promotes cell death of HR-HPV infected cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:22-32. [PMID: 36633420 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2164585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related diseases are clinical challenges. The efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) using red laser (630 ± 5 nm) is remarkable and safe. In this study, we aim to investigate the efficacy of ALA-450 nm PDT comparing with ALA-635 nm PDT. We detected cell proliferation and cell apoptosis through MTT assay and flow cytometry assay respectively. Flow cytometry assay determined the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Western blotting analysis investigated the protein expression. In vivo, immunohistochemical staining assay and TUNEL assay were performer to detect cell apoptosis. ALA-450 nm PDT inhibited the proliferation of End1 and HeLa cells, promoted cell apoptosis more effectively than ALA-635 nm PDT, and induced cell death probably through increasing the intracellular ROS generation and caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. In vivo, ALA-450 nm PDT significantly inhibited tumour growth and activated cell apoptosis. The ALA-450 nm PDT had an advantage over ALA-635 nm PDT on inhibiting the proliferation of End1 and HeLa cells and inducing cell apoptosis. The ALA-450 nm PDT might be a promising therapeutic strategy for eradicating the HR-HPV infected cells and promoting the integration of diagnosis and treatment of HR-HPV related diseases.HighlightsWe combined 5-aminolevulinic acid with 450 nm blue laser using as a novel type of photodynamic therapy.The ALA-450 nm PDT had an advantage over ALA-635 nm PDT on inhibition of the proliferation of End1 and HeLa cells and inducing cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.The ALA-450 nm PDT may provide a novel alternative therapeutic option in patients with persistent HPV infection and promote the integration of diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yibo Mei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijiang Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Acharya R, Mahapatra A, Verma HK, Bhaskar LVKS. Unveiling Therapeutic Targets for Esophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9542-9568. [PMID: 37999111 PMCID: PMC10670555 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive and deadly disease, ranking as the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis remains poor. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for achieving complete remission, with treatment options varying based on disease stage. Surgical intervention and endoscopic treatment are used for localized cancer, while systemic treatments like chemoradiotherapy and targeted drug therapy play a crucial role. Molecular markers such as HER2 and EGFR can be targeted with drugs like trastuzumab and cetuximab, and immunotherapy drugs like pembrolizumab and nivolumab show promise by targeting immune checkpoint proteins. Epigenetic modifications offer new avenues for targeted therapy. Treatment selection depends on factors like stage, tumor location, and patient health, with post-operative and rehabilitation care being essential. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and supportive care are key to improving outcomes. Continued research is needed to develop effective targeted drugs with minimal side effects. This review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers dedicated to enhancing esophageal cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, India; (R.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Ananya Mahapatra
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, India; (R.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of lungs Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany;
| | - L. V. K. S. Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, India; (R.A.); (A.M.)
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8
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Lin Z, Liao D, Jiang C, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A, Zheng M, Yuan H, Liu J, Song H, Lu C. Current status and prospects of MIL-based MOF materials for biomedicine applications. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1914-1933. [PMID: 37859709 PMCID: PMC10583815 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This article mainly reviews the biomedicine applications of two metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe). These MOFs have advantages such as high specific surface area, adjustable pore size, and chemical stability, which make them widely used in drug delivery systems. The article first introduces the properties of these two materials and then discusses their applications in drug transport, antibacterial therapy, and cancer treatment. In cancer treatment, drug delivery systems based on MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe) have made significant progress in chemotherapy (CT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), immunotherapy (IT), nano-enzyme therapy, and related combined therapy. Overall, these MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe) materials have tremendous potential and diverse applications in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Donghui Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Chenyi Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials Dongguan 523808 China
| | | | - Minbin Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital Huizhou Guangdong 516001 China
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Hailiang Song
- Department of General Surgery, Dalang Hospital Dongguan 523770 China
| | - Chengyu Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials Dongguan 523808 China
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9
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Lintern N, Smith AM, Jayne DG, Khaled YS. Photodynamic Stromal Depletion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4135. [PMID: 37627163 PMCID: PMC10453210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest solid malignancies, with a five-year survival of less than 10%. The resistance of the disease and the associated lack of therapeutic response is attributed primarily to its dense, fibrotic stroma, which acts as a barrier to drug perfusion and permits tumour survival and invasion. As clinical trials of chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT), and targeted agents have not been successful, improving the survival rate in unresectable PDAC remains an urgent clinical need. Photodynamic stromal depletion (PSD) is a recent approach that uses visible or near-infrared light to destroy the desmoplastic tissue. Preclinical evidence suggests this can resensitise tumour cells to subsequent therapies whilst averting the tumorigenic effects of tumour-stromal cell interactions. So far, the pre-clinical studies have suggested that PDT can successfully mediate the destruction of various stromal elements without increasing the aggressiveness of the tumour. However, the complexity of this interplay, including the combined tumour promoting and suppressing effects, poses unknowns for the clinical application of photodynamic stromal depletion in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lintern
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew M. Smith
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - David G. Jayne
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Yazan S. Khaled
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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10
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Dai J, Wei S, Xu J, Xue H, Chen Z, Wu M, Chen W, Lou X, Xia F, Wang S. Microneedle Device Delivering Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizers for Enhanced Metronomic Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16526-16538. [PMID: 36966512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT), which induces cancer cell death by prolonged intermittent continuous irradiation at lower light power, has profoundly promising applications. However, the photobleaching sensitivity of the photosensitizer (PS) and the difficulty of delivery pose barriers to the clinical application of mPDT. Here, we constructed a microneedle-based device (Microneedles@AIE PSs) that combined with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PSs to achieve enhanced mPDT for cancer. Due to the strong anti-photobleaching property of the AIE PS, it can maintain superior photosensitivity even after long-time light exposure. The delivery of the AIE PS to the tumor through a microneedle device allows for greater uniformity and depth. This Microneedles@AIE PSs-based mPDT (M-mPDT) offers better treatment outcomes and easier access, and combining M-mPDT with surgery or immunotherapy can also significantly improve the effectiveness of these clinical therapies. In conclusion, M-mPDT offers a promising strategy for the clinical application of PDT due to its better efficacy and convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430034, China
| | - Simin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430034, China
| | - Jiarong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Huiying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430034, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430034, China
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11
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Du Q, Yi M, Li H, Liu J, Guan C, Zeng Y, Xiong H, Wang X, Zhong J, Wu Y, Tan H, Han D, Wang M. Multi-level optical angiography for photodynamic therapy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1082-1095. [PMID: 36950238 PMCID: PMC10026572 DOI: 10.1364/boe.473644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Blood flow imaging is widely applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT) to provide vascular morphological and statistical parameters. This approach relies on the intensity of time-domain signal differences between blood vessels and background tissues; therefore, it often ignores differences within the vasculature and cannot accommodate abundant structural information. This study proposes a multi-level optical angiography (MOA) method for PDT. It can enhance capillaries and image vessels at different levels by measuring the signal frequency shift associated with red blood cell motion. The experimental results regarding the PDT-induced chorioallantoic membrane model showed that the proposed method could not only perform multi-level angiography but also provide more accurate quantitative information regarding various vascular parameters. This MOA method has potential applications in PDT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Du
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Min Yi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Caizhong Guan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yaguang Zeng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Honglian Xiong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Junping Zhong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yanxiong Wu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Haishu Tan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Dingan Han
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
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12
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Jiang W, Liang M, Lei Q, Li G, Wu S. The Current Status of Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030585. [PMID: 36765543 PMCID: PMC9913255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although we have made great strides in treating deadly diseases over the years, cancer therapy still remains a daunting challenge. Among numerous anticancer methods, photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-invasive therapeutic approach, has attracted much attention. PDT exhibits outstanding performance in cancer therapy, but some unavoidable disadvantages, including limited light penetration depth, poor tumor selectivity, as well as oxygen dependence, largely limit its therapeutic efficiency for solid tumors treatment. Thus, numerous strategies have gone into overcoming these obstacles, such as exploring new photosensitizers with higher photodynamic conversion efficiency, alleviating tumor hypoxia to fuel the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), designing tumor-targeted PS, and applying PDT-based combination strategies. In this review, we briefly summarized the PDT related tumor therapeutic approaches, which are mainly characterized by advanced PSs, these PSs have excellent conversion efficiency and additional refreshing features. We also briefly summarize PDT-based combination therapies with excellent therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Jiang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Mingkang Liang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Luohu Clinical Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Qifang Lei
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Song Wu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (S.W.)
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13
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Zhan PL, Canavan ME, Ermer T, Pichert MD, Li AX, Maduka RC, Kaminski MF, Johung KL, Boffa DJ. Utilization and Outcomes of Radiation in Stage IV Esophageal Cancer. JTO Clin Res Rep 2022; 3:100429. [PMID: 36483656 PMCID: PMC9722471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For patients with stage IV esophageal cancer, esophageal radiation may be used selectively for local control and palliation. We aimed to understand patterns of radiation administration among patients with stage IV esophageal cancer and any potential survival associations. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, the National Cancer Database was queried for patients with metastatic stage IV esophageal cancer diagnosed between 2016 and 2019. Patterns of radiation use were identified. Survival was determined through Kaplan-Meier analysis of propensity score-matched pairs of patients who did and did not receive radiotherapy and time-to-event models. Results Overall, 12,088 patients with stage IV esophageal cancer were identified, including 32.7% who received esophageal radiation. The median age was 65 (interquartile range [IQR]: 58-73) years, and 82.6% were male. Among the irradiated patients, the median total radiation dose was 35 (IQR: 30-50) Gy administered in a median of 14 (IQR: 10-25) fractions given in 22 (IQR: 14-39) days. Overall, esophageal radiation was not associated with better survival (log-rank p = 0.41). When stratified by radiation dose, a survival advantage (over no radiation) was found in the 1144 patients (29% of the irradiated patients) who received 45 to 59.9 Gy (time ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-1.37, p < 0.001) and the 88 patients (2.2%) who received 60 to 80 Gy (time ratio = 1.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.69, p = 0.003). Conclusions One-third of the patients with metastatic stage IV esophageal cancer in the National Cancer Database received esophageal radiation. Most received a radiation dose that, although consistent with palliative regimens, was not associated with a survival advantage. Further study is warranted to understand the indications for radiation in stage IV esophageal cancer and potentially reevaluate the most appropriate radiation dose for palliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lee Zhan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maureen E. Canavan
- Cancer Outcomes Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Theresa Ermer
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew D. Pichert
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrew X. Li
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard C. Maduka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael F. Kaminski
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kimberly L. Johung
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel J. Boffa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Corresponding author Address for correspondence: Daniel J. Boffa, MD, MBA, P.O. Box 208062, New Haven, CT 06520-8062.
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14
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Bartusik-Aebisher D, Osuchowski M, Adamczyk M, Stopa J, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Advancements in photodynamic therapy of esophageal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1024576. [PMID: 36465381 PMCID: PMC9713848 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1024576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer leads to the constant search for new ways of treatment of this disease. One of the methods used in high-grade dysplasia, superficial invasive carcinoma, and sometimes palliative care is photodynamic therapy (PDT). This method has come a long way from the first experimental studies to registration in the treatment of esophageal cancer and is constantly being improved and refined. This review describes esophageal cancer, current treatment methods, the introduction to PDT, the photosensitizers (PSs) used in esophageal carcinoma PDT, PDT in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus, and PDT in invasive adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. For this review, research and review articles from PubMed and Web of Science databases were used. The keywords used were "photodynamic therapy in esophageal cancer" in the years 2000-2020. The total number of papers returned was 1,000. After the review was divided into topic blocks and the searched publications were analyzed, 117 articles were selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Marta Adamczyk
- Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Stopa
- Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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15
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Ren G, Wang Z, Tian Y, Li J, Ma Y, Zhou L, Zhang C, Guo L, Diao H, Li L, Lu L, Ma S, Wu Z, Yan L, Liu W. Targeted chemo-photodynamic therapy toward esophageal cancer by GSH-sensitive theranostic nanoplatform. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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16
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Li R, Sun J, Wang T, Huang L, Wang S, Sun P, Yu C. Comparison of Secular Trends in Esophageal Cancer Mortality in China and Japan during 1990-2019: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610302. [PMID: 36011937 PMCID: PMC9408772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a prevalent and often fatal malignancy all over the world, with China and Japan bearing a disproportionately high burden. Consequently, we explored and compared the long-term changes in esophageal cancer mortality in China and Japan from 1990 to 2019 to see if there were any etiological clues. From 1990 to 2019, data on mortality in China and Japan were gathered from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). The age-period-cohort (APC) model was utilized to evaluate the effects of age, period, and cohort. Between 1990 and 2019, the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for esophageal cancer fell in both nations, with China showing a tremendous reduction after 2005. The overall net drifts per year were more impressive in China (-5.22% [95% CI, -5.77 to -4.68] for females, -1.98% [-2.22 to -1.74] for males) than in Japan (-0.50% [-0.91 to -0.08] for females, -1.86% [-2.12 to -1.59] for males), and the local drift values in both countries were less than zero in all age groups for both sexes. The longitudinal age curves of esophageal cancer mortality increased as age advances and the sex disparity gradually exacerbates with age. The period and cohort effects were uncovered to have similar declining patterns for both sexes in both nations; however, the improvement of cohort effects for China's younger generation has stagnated. The ASMRs, period effects, and cohort effects have decreased for both countries and sexes over the 1990-2019 period. The decline in cohort effects for China's younger generation has plateaued, possibly due to the rising rates of smoking and obesity among Chinese youngsters. Comprehensive population-level treatments aimed at smoking cessation, obesity prevention, and gastrointestinal endoscopy screening should be carried out immediately, particularly for men and older birth cohorts at a higher risk of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Panglin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Singlet Oxygen, Photodynamic Therapy, and Mechanisms of Cancer Cell Death. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7211485. [PMID: 35794980 PMCID: PMC9252714 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7211485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be developed into an important arsenal against cancer; it is a minimally invasive therapy, which is used in the treatment or/and palliation of a variety of cancers and benign diseases. The removal of cancerous tissue is achieved with the use of photosensitizer and a light source, which excites the photosensitizer. This excitation causes the photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. PDT has been used in several types of cancers including nonmelanoma skin cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although it is routinely used in nonmelanoma skin cancer, it has not been widely adopted in other solid cancers due to a lack of clinical data showing the superiority of PDT over other forms of treatment. Singlet oxygen used in PDT can alter the activity of the catalase, which induces immunomodulation through HOCl signaling. The singlet oxygen can induce apoptosis through both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis starts with the activation of the Fas receptor by singlet oxygen that leads to activation of the caspase-7 and caspase-3. In the case of the intrinsic pathway, disruption caused by singlet oxygen in the mitochondria membrane leads to the release of cytochrome c, which binds with APAF-1 and procaspase-9, forming a complex, which activates caspase-3. Mechanisms of PDT action can vary according to organelles affected. In the plasma membrane, membrane disruption is caused by the oxidative stress leading to the intake of calcium ions, which causes swelling and rupture of cells due to excess intake of water, whereas disruption of lysosome causes the release of the cathepsins B and D, which cleave Bid into tBid, which changes the mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP). Oxidative stress causes misfolding of protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. When misfolding exceeds the threshold, it triggers unfolding protein response (UPR), which leads to activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Finally, the activation of p38 MAPK works as an alternative pathway for the induction of MOMP.
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18
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Lee YK, Chen KC, Huang PM, Kuo SW, Lin MW, Lee JM. Selection of minimally invasive surgical approaches for treating esophageal cancer. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2100-2105. [PMID: 35702945 PMCID: PMC9346190 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimally invasive esophagectomy has gradually been accepted as an active treatment option for surgery of esophageal cancer. However, there is no consensus about how to perform the procedures in the thoracic and abdominal phase including anastomosis in the neck (McKeown) or chest (Ivor Lewis), VATS, robotic‐assisted or reduced port approaches or various endoscopic abrasion techniques. Further studies to investigate the roles of these novel techniques are required to treat the various patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kwang Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Cheng Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuenn-Wen Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Wei Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Ming Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Arnau Del Valle C, Hirsch T, Marin M. Recent Advances in Near Infrared Upconverting Nanomaterials for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 35447614 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac6937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-established treatment of cancer that uses the toxic reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen (1O2), generated by photosensitiser drugs following irradiation of a specific wavelength to destroy the cancerous cells and tumours. Visible light is commonly used as the excitation source in PDT, which is not ideal for cancer treatment due to its reduced tissue penetration, and thus inefficiency to treat deep-lying tumours. Additionally, these wavelengths exhibit elevated autofluorescence background from the biological tissues which hinders optical biomedical imaging. An alternative to UV-Vis irradiation is the use of near infrared (NIR) excitation for PDT. This can be achieved using upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) functionalised with photosensitiser (PS) drugs where UCNPs can be used as an indirect excitation source for the activation of PS drugs yielding to the production of singlet 1O2 following NIR excitation. The use of nanoparticles for PDT is also beneficial due to their tumour targeting capability, either passively via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect or actively via stimuli-responsive targeting and ligand-mediated targeting (ie. using recognition units that can bind specific receptors only present or overexpressed on tumour cells). Here, we review recent advances in NIR upconverting nanomaterials for PDT of cancer with a clear distinction between those reported nanoparticles that could potentially target the tumour due to accumulation via the EPR effect (passive targeting) and nanoparticle-based systems that contain targeting agents with the aim of actively target the tumour via a molecular recognition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Arnau Del Valle
- University of East Anglia, School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Thomas Hirsch
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Regensburg, 93040, GERMANY
| | - Maria Marin
- University of East Anglia, School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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20
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Foundations of gastrointestinal-based drug delivery and future developments. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:219-238. [PMID: 34785786 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal-based drug delivery is considered the preferred mode of drug administration owing to its convenience for patients, which improves adherence. However, unique characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract (such as the digestive environment and constraints on transport across the gastrointestinal mucosa) limit the absorption of drugs. As a result, many medications, in particular biologics, still exist only or predominantly in injectable form. In this Review, we examine the fundamentals of gastrointestinal drug delivery to inform clinicians and pharmaceutical scientists. We discuss general principles, including the challenges that need to be overcome for successful drug formulation, and describe the unique features to consider for each gastrointestinal compartment when designing drug formulations for topical and systemic applications. We then discuss emerging technologies that seek to address remaining obstacles to successful gastrointestinal-based drug delivery.
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21
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Scoditti S, Dabbish E, Pieslinger GE, Rezabal E, Lopez X, Sicilia E, Salassa L. Flavin-mediated photoactivation of Pt(IV) anticancer complexes: computational insights on the catalytic mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5323-5329. [PMID: 35188500 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05507k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism for the photocatalytic activation of Pt(IV) anticancer prodrugs by riboflavin in the presence of NADH has been investigated by DFT. In the first step of the reaction, the oxidation kinetics of NADH to afford the catalytically active riboflavin hydroquinone is dramatically favoured by generation of the flavin triplet excited state. In the triplet, formation of a π-π stacked adduct promotes the hydride transfer from NADH to riboflavin with an almost barrierless pathway (2.7 kcal mol-1). In the singlet channel, conversely, the process is endergonic and requires overcoming a higher activation energy (19.2 kcal mol-1). In the second half of the reaction, the reduction of the studied Pt(IV) complexes by riboflavin hydroquinone occurs via an inner sphere mechanism, displaying free energy barriers smaller than 10 kcal mol-1. Pt reduction by bioreductants such as NADH and ascorbate involve instead less stabilized transition states (22.2-38.3 kcal mol-1), suggesting that riboflavin hydroquinone is an efficient reducing agent for Pt(IV) derivatives in biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Scoditti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy.
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy.
| | - German E Pieslinger
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elixabete Rezabal
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain. .,Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia, 20018, Spain
| | - Xabier Lopez
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain. .,Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia, 20018, Spain
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy.
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain. .,Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia, 20018, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain
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22
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Yamashita H, Kadota T, Minamide T, Sunakawa H, Sato D, Takashima K, Nakajo K, Murano T, Shinmura K, Yoda Y, Ikematsu H, Yano T. Efficacy and safety of second photodynamic therapy for local failure after salvage photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer. Dig Endosc 2022; 34:488-496. [PMID: 34185928 DOI: 10.1111/den.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an optional salvage treatment for local failure of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after chemoradiotherapy; however, local failure after PDT sometimes occurs. In such cases, second PDT is sometimes attempted, but its outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of second PDT. METHODS We enrolled patients who underwent PDT for local failure of ESCC after chemoradiotherapy. We retrospectively evaluated local-complete response (L-CR) rate and clinical outcomes of first and second PDT. The indications for PDT were lesions within the muscle layer, <3 cm in size, and <3/4 of the esophageal circumference; not suitable for salvage surgery; and absence of metastasis. Second PDT was avoided when lesions were apparently refractory to first PDT, e.g. persistence of submucosal tumor-like protruded component or rapid regrowth of tumor at the ulceration after first PDT. L-CR was defined as endoscopic disappearance of tumor and post-PDT ulcer and absence of cancer cells histologically. RESULTS Among 82 patients who underwent first PDT, 27 underwent second PDT. The L-CR rates with first and second PDT were 63.0% and 40.7%, respectively. The 2-year overall survival rates after second PDT in patients with L-CR and local-nonCR were 79.5% and 40.5%, respectively. Five of 11 patients with L-CR survived without any recurrence. No grade ≥3 adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS Second PDT demonstrated excellent safety and acceptable efficacy; therefore, it could be a useful treatment for local failure after first PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kadota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Minamide
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hironori Sunakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daiki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Takashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Nakajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Murano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kensuke Shinmura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikematsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
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23
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In Silico, Combined Plasmonic Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy in Mice. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt3010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic photothermal and photodynamic therapy (PPTT and PDT, respectively) are two cancer treatments that have the potential to be combined in a synergistic scheme. The aim of this study is to optimize the PPTT treatment part, in order to account for the PDT lack of coverage in the hypoxic tumor volume and in cancer areas laying in deep sites. For the needs of this study, a mouse was modeled, subjected to PDT and its necrotic area was estimated by using the MATLAB software. The same procedure was repeated for PPTT, using COMSOL Multiphysics. PPTT treatment parameters, namely laser power and irradiation time, were optimized in order to achieve the optimum therapeutic effect of the combined scheme. The PDT alone resulted in 54.8% tumor necrosis, covering the upper cancer layers. When the PPTT was also applied, the total necrosis percentage raised up to 99.3%, while all of the surrounding studied organs (skin, heart, lungs and trachea, ribs, liver and spleen) were spared. The optimized values of the PPTT parameters were 550 mW of laser power and 70 s of irradiation time. Hence, the PPTT–PDT combination shows great potential in achieving high levels of tumor necrosis while sparing the healthy tissues.
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Kaur M, Kaur M, Bandopadhyay T, Sharma A, Priya A, Singh A, Banerjee B. Naturally occurring, natural product inspired and synthetic heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This chapter describes the importance and activity of a huge number of commercially available naturally occurring, natural product derived or synthetic heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Tania Bandopadhyay
- Completed MBBS from North Bengal Medical College and Hospital , Darjeeling , West Bengal , Pin-734432 , India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Anu Priya
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Arvind Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Bubun Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
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Some Natural Photosensitizers and Their Medicinal Properties for Use in Photodynamic Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041192. [PMID: 35208984 PMCID: PMC8879555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in early diagnosis and treatment, cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapy for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer. This therapy uses a combination of a photosensitizer (PS), light irradiation of appropriate length and molecular oxygen. The photodynamic effect kills cancer cells through apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy of tumor cells. PDT is a promising approach for eliminating various cancers but is not yet as widely applied in therapy as conventional chemotherapy. Currently, natural compounds with photosensitizing properties are being discovered and identified. A reduced toxicity to healthy tissues and a lower incidence of side effects inspires scientists to seek natural PS for PDT. In this review, several groups of compounds with photoactive properties are presented. The use of natural products has been shown to be a fruitful approach in the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals. This review focused on the anticancer activity of furanocoumarins, polyacetylenes, thiophenes, tolyporphins, curcumins, alkaloid and anthraquinones in relation to the light-absorbing properties. Attention will be paid to their phototoxic and anti-cancer effects on various types of cancer.
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Abstract
The present review aims at highlighting recent advances in the development of photocatalysts devoted to cancer therapy applications. We pay especial attention to the engineering aspects of different nanomaterials including inorganic semiconductors, organic-based nanostructures, noble metal-based systems or synergistic hybrid heterostructures. Furthermore, we also explore and correlate structural and optical properties with their photocatalytic capability to successfully performing in cancer-related therapies. We have made an especial emphasis to introduce current alternatives to organic photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT), where the effective generation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) is pivotal to boost the efficacy of the treatment. We also overview current efforts in other photocatalytic strategies to tackle cancer based on photothermal treatment, starvation therapy, oxidative stress unbalance via glutathione (GSH) depletion, biorthogonal catalysis or local relief of hypoxic conditions in tumor microenvironments (TME).
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Liu X, Yu J, Bai X, Wu X, Guo X, Liu Z, Liu X. Combination of phototherapy with immune checkpoint blockade: Theory and practice in cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955920. [PMID: 36119019 PMCID: PMC9478587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has evolved as a revolutionized therapeutic modality to eradicate tumor cells by releasing the brake of the antitumor immune response. However, only a subset of patients could benefit from ICB treatment currently. Phototherapy usually includes photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). PTT exerts a local therapeutic effect by using photothermal agents to generate heat upon laser irradiation. PDT utilizes irradiated photosensitizers with a laser to produce reactive oxygen species to kill the target cells. Both PTT and PDT can induce immunogenic cell death in tumors to activate antigen-presenting cells and promote T cell infiltration. Therefore, combining ICB treatment with PTT/PDT can enhance the antitumor immune response and prevent tumor metastases and recurrence. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of phototherapy in cancer immunotherapy and discussed the recent advances in the development of phototherapy combined with ICB therapy to treat malignant tumors. Moreover, we also outlined the significant progress of phototherapy combined with targeted therapy or chemotherapy to improve ICB in preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, we analyzed the current challenges of this novel combination treatment regimen. We believe that the next-generation technology breakthrough in cancer treatment may come from this combinational win-win strategy of photoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Head, Neck and Mammary Gland Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Bai
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang XY, Maswikiti EP, Zhu JY, Ma YL, Zheng P, Yu Y, Wang BF, Gao L, Chen H. Photodynamic therapy combined with immunotherapy for an advanced esophageal cancer with an obstruction post metal stent implantation: A case report and literature review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102671. [PMID: 34864195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the main treatment for resectable esophageal cancer but not for advanced esophageal cancer with distant metastasis. PDT is a therapeutic strategy for dysphagia and select unresectable esophageal cancer, with tremendous advantages of minimal invasiveness and organ-preserving treatment modality. PDT prevents tumor progression and growth by inducing vascular injury and local acute inflammatory responses. Immunotherapy, combined with PDT, may contribute to the efficacy of PDT in the treatment of esophageal cancer and reduce the probability of tumor recurrence. CASE REPORT A 54-year-old male patient with advanced esophageal cancer was hospitalized in the author's hospital on 20th April 2020, who had been treated with two cycles of chemotherapy at the local hospital but failed. In this case, after metal stent implantation, the patient underwent a remarkable and successful treatment of PDT combined with sintilimab, a PD-1 inhibitor. An additional immune checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy offer the opportunity to eliminate residual and invisible tumors. The patient had an excellent prognosis that not only the primary lesion was cured, but also the metastatic lymph nodes were significantly reduced, with no tumor recurrence in the last endoscopic review. CONCLUSION PDT in combination with immunotherapy is a promising strategy to eliminate primary and metastatic esophageal cancer by generating local and systemic antitumor responses, especially after interventional esophageal stent implantation for relief of obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Wang
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ewetse Paul Maswikiti
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Zhu
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Ma
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Peng Zheng
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Bo-Fang Wang
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Rd (south), Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 80 cuiying gate, Linxia Rd, Chengguan Qu, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.
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Abstract
Endoscopic findings in early esophageal cancer are often subtle and require careful inspection and meticulous endoscopic examination. When dysplasia is suspected, we recommend performing 1 or 2 targeted biopsies of the abnormal area and review with a pathologist specialized in evaluating gastrointestinal diseases. In the case of adenocarcinoma, after resection of any visible cancer, residual Barrett's can be treated by ablation. Endoscopic resection can offer the opportunity for patients to avoid surgery. Further studies are needed to evaluate the optimal management of circumferential and near-circumferential lesions as well as tools and techniques to facilitate the performance of endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection.
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Xiao D, Qi H, Teng Y, Pierre D, Kutoka PT, Liu D. Advances and Challenges of Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:167. [PMID: 34837561 PMCID: PMC8626755 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, new types of fluorescent nanomaterials (FNMs) have been springing up in the past two decades. The nanometer scale endows FNMs with unique optical properties which play a critical role in their applications in bioimaging and fluorescence-dependent detections. However, since low selectivity as well as low photoluminescence efficiency of fluorescent nanomaterials hinders their applications in imaging and detection to some extent, scientists are still in search of synthesizing new FNMs with better properties. In this review, a variety of fluorescent nanoparticles are summarized including semiconductor quantum dots, carbon dots, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene-based nanomaterials, noble metal nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, phosphors and organic frameworks. We highlight the recent advances of the latest developments in the synthesis of FNMs and their applications in the biomedical field in recent years. Furthermore, the main theories, methods, and limitations of the synthesis and applications of FNMs have been reviewed and discussed. In addition, challenges in synthesis and biomedical applications are systematically summarized as well. The future directions and perspectives of FNMs in clinical applications are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haixiang Qi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Teng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dramou Pierre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | | | - Dong Liu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, West of Yunlu Bridge, Moon Island, Lu'an, 237012, Anhui, China.
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Liu H, Yang F, Chen W, Gong T, Zhou Y, Dai X, Leung W, Xu C. Enzyme-Responsive Materials as Carriers for Improving Photodynamic Therapy. Front Chem 2021; 9:763057. [PMID: 34796163 PMCID: PMC8593389 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.763057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a mini-invasive therapy on malignancies via reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by photosenitizer (PS) upon light irradiation. However, poor target of PS to tumor limits the clinical application of PDT. Compared with normal tissues, tumor tissues have a unique enzymatic environment. The unique enzymatic environment in tumor tissues has been widely used as a target for developing smart materials to improve the targetability of drugs to tumor. Enzyme-responsive materials (ERM) as a smart material can respond to the enzymes in tumor tissues to specifically deliver drugs. In PDT, ERM was designed to react with the enzymes highly expressed in tumor tissues to deliver PS in the target site to prevent therapeutic effects and avoid its side-effects. In the present paper, we will review the application of ERM in PDT and discuss the challenges of ERM as carriers to deliver PS for further boosting the development of PDT in the management of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanwen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wingnang Leung
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Didamson OC, Abrahamse H. Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1943. [PMID: 34834358 PMCID: PMC8625244 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at the late stage when cancer has already spread and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis is vital for a better and efficient treatment outcome. Upper endoscopy with biopsy is the standard diagnostic tool for esophageal cancer but is challenging to diagnose at its premalignant stage, while conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation therapy, are challenging to eliminate the tumor. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) modalities that employ photosensitizers (PSs) are emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer. However, some flaws associated with the classic PSs have limited their clinical applications. Functionalized nanomedicine has emerged as a potential drug delivery system to enhance PS drug biodistribution and cellular internalization. The conjugation of PSs with functionalized nanomedicine enables increased localization within esophageal cancer cells due to improved solubility and stability in blood circulation. This review highlights PS drugs used for PDD and PDT for esophageal cancer. In addition, it focuses on the various functionalized nanomedicine explored for esophageal cancer and their role in targeted PDD and PDT for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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Sobhani N, Samadani AA. Implications of photodynamic cancer therapy: an overview of PDT mechanisms basically and practically. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:34. [PMID: 34778919 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor eradication is one of the most important challengeable categories in oncological studies. In this account, besides the molecular genetics methods including cell therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and general cancer therapy procedures like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, photodynamic adjuvant therapy is of great importance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a relatively noninvasive therapeutic method utilizes the irradiation of an appropriate wavelength which is absorbed by a photosensitizing agent in the presence of oxygen. In this procedure, a series of events lead to the direct death of malignant cells such as damage to the microvasculature and also the induction of a local inflammatory function. PDT has participated with other treatment modalities especially in the early stage of malignant tumors and has resulted in decreasing morbidity besides improving survival rate and quality of life. High spatial resolution of PDT has attracted considerable attention in the field of image-guided photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy of multidrug resistance cancers. Although PDT outcomes vary across the different tumor types, minimal natural tissue toxicity, minor systemic effects, significant reduction in long-term disease, lack of innate or acquired resistance mechanisms, and excellent cosmetic effects, as well as limb function, make it a valuable treatment option for combination therapies. SHORT CONCLUSION In this review article, we tried to discuss the potential of PDT in the treatment of some dermatologic and solid tumors, particularly all its important mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Sobhani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. .,Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Gallego-Rentero M, Gutiérrez-Pérez M, Fernández-Guarino M, Mascaraque M, Portillo-Esnaola M, Gilaberte Y, Carrasco E, Juarranz Á. TGFβ1 Secreted by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as an Inductor of Resistance to Photodynamic Therapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225613. [PMID: 34830768 PMCID: PMC8616019 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the treatment of in situ cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), the second most common form of skin cancer, as well as for its precancerous form, actinic keratosis. However, relapses after the treatment can occur. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment has been pointed as a key player in the development of cSCC resistance to other therapies, such as chemotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that TGFβ1 produced by CAFs isolated from patients with cSCC can drive resistance to PDT in SCC cells. This finding opens up novel possibilities for strategy optimization in the field of cSCC resistance to PDT and highlights CAF-derived TGFβ1 as a potential target to improve the efficacy of PDT. Abstract As an important component of tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have lately gained prominence owing to their crucial role in the resistance to therapies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) stands out as a successful therapeutic strategy to treat cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we demonstrate that the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) cytokine secreted by CAFs isolated from patients with SCC can drive resistance to PDT in epithelial SCC cells. To this end, CAFs obtained from patients with in situ cSCC were firstly characterized based on the expression levels of paramount markers as well as the levels of TGFβ1 secreted to the extracellular environment. On a step forward, two established human cSCC cell lines (A431 and SCC13) were pre-treated with conditioned medium obtained from the selected CAF cultures. The CAF-derived conditioned medium effectively induced resistance to PDT in A431 cells through a reduction in the cell proliferation rate. This resistance effect was recapitulated by treating with recombinant TGFβ1 and abolished by using the SB525334 TGFβ1 receptor inhibitor, providing robust evidence of the role of TGFβ1 secreted by CAFs in the development of resistance to PDT in this cell line. Conversely, higher levels of recombinant TGFβ1 were needed to reduce cell proliferation in SCC13 cells, and no induction of resistance to PDT was observed in this cell line in response to CAF-derived conditioned medium. Interestingly, we probed that the comparatively higher intrinsic resistance to PDT of SCC13 cells was mediated by the elevated levels of TGFβ1 secreted by this cell line. Our results point at this feature as a promising biomarker to predict both the suitability of PDT and the chances to optimize the treatment by targeting CAF-derived TGFβ1 in the road to a more personalized treatment of particular cSCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gallego-Rentero
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Fernández-Guarino
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mascaraque
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mikel Portillo-Esnaola
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Elisa Carrasco
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (Á.J.)
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (Á.J.)
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Influence of Incubation Time on Ortho-Toluidine Blue Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Directed against Selected Candida Strains-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010971. [PMID: 34681632 PMCID: PMC8536188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background and the aim: The appropriate incubation time in the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy protocol seems to have a huge impact on the efficacy of this process. This is particularly important in relation to Candida strains, due to the size of these cells and the presence of the cell wall. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal incubation time needed for the absorption of toluidine blue by cells of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis using direct observation by optical microscopy, and to evaluate the efficacy of TBO-mediated aPDT on planktonic cells of these strains. (2) Methods: The microscopic evaluation consisted of taking a series of images at a magnification of 600× and counting the % of stained cells. The in vitro effect of TBO-mediated aPDT combined with a diode laser (635 nm, 400mW, 12 J/cm2, CW) on the viability of yeast cells with different incubation times was evaluated. (3) Results: The presence of TBO within the cytoplasm was observed in all tested Candida strains and at all microscopic evaluation times. However, the highest percentages of cells were stained at 7 and 10 min. The highest % reduction of CFU/mL after TBO-mediated aPDT against Candida was obtained for the strain C. albicans ATCC 10,231 and it was 78.55%. (4) Conclusions: TBO-mediated aPDT against Candida was effective in reducing the number of CFU/mL at all assessed incubation times. However, the most efficient period for almost all strains was 7–10 min.
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Fan J, Li Q, Chen L, Du J, Xue W, Yu S, Su X, Yang Y. Research Progress in the Synthesis of Targeting Organelle Carbon Dots and Their Applications in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1891-1916. [PMID: 34706792 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With increasing knowledge about diseases at the histological, cytological to sub-organelle level, targeting organelle therapy has gradually been envisioned as an approach to overcome the shortcomings of poor specificity and multiple toxic side effects on tissues and cell-level treatments using the currently available therapy. Organelle carbon dots (CDs) are a class of functionalized CDs that can target organelles. CDs can be prepared by a "synchronous in situ synthesis method" and "asynchronous modification method." The superior optical properties and good biocompatibility of CDs can be preserved, and they can be used as targeting particles to carry drugs into cells while reducing leakage during transport. Given the excellent organelle fluorescence imaging properties, targeting organelle CDs can be used to monitor the physiological metabolism of organelles and progression of human diseases, which will provide advanced understanding and accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancers. This study reviews the methods used for preparation of targeting organelle CDs, mechanisms of accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer, as well as their application in the area of cancer diagnosis and treatment research. Finally, the current difficulties and prospects for targeting organelle CDs are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Fan
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Interventional Treatment Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jinglei Du
- Interventional Treatment Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wenqiang Xue
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shiping Yu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiuqin Su
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Liu J, Wang F, Qin Y, Feng X. Advances in the Genetically Engineered KillerRed for Photodynamic Therapy Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810130. [PMID: 34576293 PMCID: PMC8468639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical treatment for cancer or non-neoplastic diseases, and the photosensitizers (PSs) are crucial for PDT efficiency. The commonly used chemical PSs, generally produce ROS through the type II reaction that highly relies on the local oxygen concentration. However, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and unavoidable dark toxicity of PSs greatly restrain the wide application of PDT. The genetically encoded PSs, unlike chemical PSs, can be modified using genetic engineering techniques and targeted to unique cellular compartments, even within a single cell. KillerRed, as a dimeric red fluorescent protein, can be activated by visible light or upconversion luminescence to execute the Type I reaction of PDT, which does not need too much oxygen and surely attract the researchers’ focus. In particular, nanotechnology provides new opportunities for various modifications of KillerRed and versatile delivery strategies. This review more comprehensively outlines the applications of KillerRed, highlighting the fascinating features of KillerRed genes and proteins in the photodynamic systems. Furthermore, the advantages and defects of KillerRed are also discussed, either alone or in combination with other therapies. These overviews may facilitate understanding KillerRed progress in PDT and suggest some emerging potentials to circumvent challenges to improve the efficiency and accuracy of PDT.
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Ikebuchi Y, Kurumi H, Isomoto H. New tips for photodynamic therapy of esophageal cancer. Dig Endosc 2021; 33:e117-e118. [PMID: 34105841 DOI: 10.1111/den.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Ikebuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurumi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Bartusik-Aebisher D, Ożóg Ł, Domka W, Aebisher D. Rose Bengal and Future Directions in Larynx Tumor Photodynamic Therapy †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1445-1452. [PMID: 34287926 DOI: 10.1111/php.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) seems to be a promising method in the treatment of larynx tumor tissues. The aim of the present analysis was the study of photosensitizer penetration of larynx tissue associated with the application of PDT in vitro. This study is based on the use of photosensitive compounds Rose Bengal (RB) that selectively accumulate in larynx tissue. The selection of the study group of patients who will undergo surgery in accordance with medical principles was of key importance for the project. Histopathological examination of samples subjected to PDT revealed numerous changes in the morphology of the cancer cells and surrounding tissues. After PDT treatment, the number of tumor cells decreased compared with the cells number before PDT and the arrangement was relatively loose. After PDT with RB the nuclei morphology was incomplete and fragmented. The effects of the applied PDT of larynx in vitro were assessed under an optical microscope. The future directions in larynx tumor PDT with the use of upconversion nanoparticles (UPCNP) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Łukasz Ożóg
- Medical College of The University of Rzeszow, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wojciech Domka
- Medical College of The University of Rzeszow, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Medical College of The University of Rzeszow, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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McGoran JJ, Ragunath K. Endoscopic management of Barrett's esophagus: Western perspective of current status and future prospects. Dig Endosc 2021; 33:720-729. [PMID: 32790886 DOI: 10.1111/den.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma and current practice is to establish endoscopic surveillance once diagnosed, in order to identify early dysplasia and neoplasia that has the potential to undergo endoscopic eradication therapy (EET). Before embarking upon EET the clinical team has a duty to consider all viable options and come to a plan based on recent evidence. The therapeutic approach varies greatly but largely adheres to the mantra of 'Detect-Resect-Ablate', in which high-quality endoscopy identifies BE associated pathology, associated lesions (if present) undergo safe endoscopic resection and remaining intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus is ablated to prevent recurrence of dysplasia. In this review, current practice, pitfalls, complications, and the future perspectives on practice in this field are discussed. The Western perspective is focused on here, with an outline of the differences in clinical practice with Asian nations and attempts to bridge these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J McGoran
- Department of Digestive Diseases, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Krish Ragunath
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin University Medical School, Perth, WA, Australia
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Clinical Practice of Photodynamic Therapy Using Talaporfin Sodium for Esophageal Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132785. [PMID: 34202917 PMCID: PMC8268336 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a conventional photosensitizer was approved for esophageal cancer in the early 1990s; however, it was replaced by other conventional treatment modalities in clinical practice because of the high frequency of cutaneous phototoxicity and esophageal stricture after the procedure. The second-generation photosensitizer, talaporfin sodium, which features more rapid clearance from the body, was developed to reduce skin phototoxicity, and talaporfin sodium can be excited at longer-wavelength lights comparing with a conventional photosensitizer. Endoscopic PDT using talaporfin sodium was initially developed for the curative treatment of central-type early lung cancer in Japan, and was approved in the early 2000s. After preclinical experiments, PDT using talaporfin sodium was investigated for patients with local failure after chemoradiotherapy, which was the most serious unmet need in the practice of esophageal cancer. According to the favorable results of a multi-institutional clinical trial, PDT using talaporfin sodium was approved as an endoscopic salvage treatment for patients with local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. While PDT using talaporfin sodium is gradually spreading in clinical practice, further evaluation at the point of clinical benefit is necessary to determine the importance of PDT in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Sunakawa H, Yoda Y, Takeshita N, Hasegawa H, Takashima K, Kadota T, Fujita T, Akimoto T, Fujii S, Yano T. Endoscopic resection combined with the Cryoballoon focal ablation system in the porcine normal esophagus: a preclinical study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:234. [PMID: 34022798 PMCID: PMC8141162 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cryoballoon focal ablation system (CbFAS) for dysplastic Barrett's esophagus is simple, time-saving and has high therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility and tissue damage with combination therapy of endoscopic resection (ER) and CbFAS in porcine models. METHODS Three pigs (A, B, and C) were included, and all ER procedures were performed by endoscopic mucosal resection using the Cap method (EMR). Combination therapy for each pig was performed as follows: (a) CbFAS was performed for a post-EMR mucosal defect for Pig A; (b) CbFAS for post-EMR scar for Pig B, and (c) EMR for post-CbFAS scar for Pig C. All pigs were euthanized at 32 days after the initial procedure, and the tissue damage was evaluated. RESULTS All endoscopic procedures were followed as scheduled. None of the subjects experienced anorexia, rapid weight loss, bleeding, and perforation during the observation period. They were euthanized at 32 days after the initial endoscopic procedure. On histological assessment, there was little difference between the tissue that was treated with CbFAS alone and that treated with CbFAS in combination with ER. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with ER and CbFAS can be technically feasible, and its outcome was not significantly different from CbFAS alone in terms of tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Sunakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan.,Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan.,NEXT Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Takeshita
- NEXT Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiro Hasegawa
- NEXT Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kenji Takashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan.,NEXT Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kadota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujita
- Division of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Akimoto
- Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan. .,NEXT Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
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Light delivery device modelling for homogenous irradiation distribution in photodynamic therapy of non-spherical hollow organs. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102320. [PMID: 33957275 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a useful treatment for select cancers. Homogeneous illumination is a key factor in the successful application of PDT treatment of tumours in hollow organs. Over illumination may damage normal tissue while under illumination may not ablate the target. BACKGROUND There have been many approaches to provide homogeneous irradiation for PDT treatment of hollow organs, including light-scattering medium and isotropic emitter to diffuse light, a balloon filled with solution to expand the organ wall, and shaped fibres. In most studies, the organ is assumed to be spherical. However, many hollow organs treated by PDT are non-spherical, and the uniformity of azimuthal irradiation remains an unsolved problem for cylindrical light sources. OBJECTIVE Find a design principle for homogeneous irradiation in a non-spherical cavity for PDT treatment. METHOD A PDT light delivery device is modeled by a series of sub light sources placed along the longitudinal axis of an ellipsoid. In order to achieve a homogeneous azimuthal irradiation distribution on the elliptical arc, a cost function is solved by adding modulation coefficient to the emission profile. The coefficient of variation of uniformity (Ucov) describes the statistical dispersion of the variation in irradiation over the ellipsoid to the average value. Ucov is used to evaluate the homogeneity of the azimuthal irradiation distribution. RESULT By minimizing the cost function, we found that the truncated Gaussian function can be chosen as the emission profile to generate homogeneous irradiation profile within an ellipsoid cavity model. The emission profile can be tailored to generate Ucov of 96.7 %. Further discussion shows that the light distribution could be generated practically by a side-emitting optical fibre, a LED array, or moving an isotropic emitter successively. The impact of emission angle of light sub-source is analysed and the irradiation profile from discrete longitudinal emissions is calculated. CONCLUSION Theory analysis and simulation indicate that a cylindrical emitter with a non-uniform longitudinal emission profile (truncated Gaussian functions) results in an approximate homogeneous irradiance profile within an ellipsoidal cavity.
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Zhang B, Liu L. Autophagy is a double-edged sword in the therapy of colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:378. [PMID: 33777202 PMCID: PMC7988732 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. The limitations of colorectal cancer treatment include various types of multidrug resistance and the contingent damage to neighboring normal cells caused by chemotherapy. Macroautophagy/autophagy and apoptosis are essential mechanisms involved in cancer cell regulation of chemotherapy. Autophagy can either cause cancer cell death or promote tumor survival during colorectal cancer. Given that autophagy is involved in chemotherapy of colorectal cancer, an improved insight into the potential interactions between apoptosis and autophagy is crucial. The present review aimed to summarize the involvement of autophagy in the regulation of colorectal cancer and its association with chemotherapy. Furthermore, the role of natural product extraction, novel chemicals and small molecules, as well as radiation, which induce autophagy in colorectal cancer cells, were reviewed. Finally, the present review aimed to provide an outlook for the regulation of autophagy as a novel approach to the treatment of cancer, particularly chemotherapy-resistant colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Medical Laboratory for Radiation Research, Beijing Institute for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100093, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Medical Laboratory for Radiation Research, Beijing Institute for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
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Amanuma Y, Horimatsu T, Ohashi S, Tamaoki M, Muto M. Association of local complete response with prognosis after salvage photodynamic therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dig Endosc 2021; 33:355-363. [PMID: 32434267 DOI: 10.1111/den.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective salvage endoscopic treatment for local failure at the primary site after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in esophageal cancer patients. However, the contribution of local control by salvage PDT to the prognosis is unclear. We investigated whether complete response at primary site by salvage PDT could improve the prognosis. METHODS Between January 2008 and March 2016, 34 patients received salvage PDT for local failure of esophageal cancer limited to stage T1-2 after definitive CRT or radiotherapy. Local complete response (L-CR) rate, adverse events, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed retrospectively. RESULTS Local complete response rates after PDT were 68% (23/34; 95% CI, 50-83%) in all patients: 81% (17/21; 95% CI, 58-95%) for stage T1 and 46% (6/13; 95% CI, 19-75%) for stage T2 patients. Grade 3 esophageal stricture occurred in one patient. The median follow-up was 26.0 months (range, 3.7-93.6 months); 21 patients died. The median survival times were 54.3 months in patients who achieved L-CR after PDT (L-CR group) and 19.8 months in those who did not (non-CR group). The 2-year OS rates were 79% (95% CI, 54-92%) in the L-CR group and 40% (95% CI, 11-68%) in the non-CR group (P = 0.0389; log-rank test). The median PFS was 21.2 months in the L-CR group and 1.9 months in the non-CR group (P < 0.001; log-rank test). CONCLUSION Achieving L-CR by salvage PDT for local failure after CRT in esophageal cancer was associated with good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Amanuma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Clinical Trial Promotion Department, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Tamaoki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Li S, Chen H, Man J, Zhang T, Yin X, He Q, Yang X, Lu M. Changing trends in the disease burden of esophageal cancer in China from 1990 to 2017 and its predicted level in 25 years. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1889-1899. [PMID: 33586344 PMCID: PMC7940228 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly half of the cases of esophageal cancer in the world were in China, but the corresponding burden in China has not been estimated for the past decades or for the near future. Methods Data on the incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) rates owing to esophageal cancer in China from 1990 to 2017 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. To reflect the trend in the disease burden, we calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the age‐standardized rates of these three outcomes in China from 1990 to 2017. Results The age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) for esophageal cancer decreased from 19.38/100,000 in 1990 to 12.23/100,000 in 2017, with an EAPC of −2.53 (95%CI: −2.90, −2.16), but the number of cases of esophageal cancer increased from 164,473 to 234,624. The age‐standardized rates of esophageal cancer in females were always lower than they were in males during the study period, and there was a downward trend that was more pronounced among females than males. The most common risk factors for males were smoking and alcohol consumption, while the most common risk factors for females were a diet low in fruits and a high body mass index (BMI). New cases of, and deaths from esophageal cancer are predicted to increase by about 1.5 times in the coming 25 years. Conclusion Although the age‐standardized burden of esophageal cancer has been declining, the number of new cases of, and deaths from esophageal cancer have increased in China over the past 30 years, and they will continue to increase in the near future. Hence, national policies should be adopted to promote the prevention and management of known risk factors for it, especially smoking and excessive caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Li
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyu Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiufeng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Hirose W, Taniyama Y, Fujishima F, Sato C, Unno M, Kamei T. Salvage esophagectomy for local recurrent esophageal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy followed by photodynamic therapy: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 80:105617. [PMID: 33592421 PMCID: PMC7893415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of esophageal cancer treated with PDT followed by esophagectomy. We assessed the PDT effect on adjacent tissues based on surgery and pathology. PDT can cause intense inflammation in tissues adjacent to the tumor. The location should be considered when performing salvage esophagectomy after PDT.
Introduction Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is performed as a salvage treatment for patients with residual or recurrent esophageal cancer after chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Although PDT is considered less invasive than salvage surgery, it is unclear how deep its effects are and whether it causes damage to adjacent tissues. Herein, we report a case of esophageal cancer treated with PDT followed by esophagectomy. In this case, we evaluated the effect of PDT on adjacent tissues based on surgical and pathological examination. Presentation of case A 58-year-old man with dysphagia was diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC; T1N0M0, Stage I) in the upper thoracic esophagus. He underwent definitive CRT with two courses of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin every 4 weeks with 60 Gy of radiation. Twelve months after CRT, endoscopic examination revealed local recurrence, and PDT using talaporfin sodium was performed. The tumor recurred again 6 months after PDT, and robot-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy was performed as a definitive treatment. Tissues around the left side of the esophagus and thoracic duct were tightly adherent with severe fibrosis and were successfully removed by extended resection. Histopathological examinations showed that the esophageal wall and peri-esophageal tissue were replaced by fibrous tissue and this extended even beyond the tumor. Discussion The primary tumor was limited to the submucosal layer, and the target for irradiation had some longitudinal margins. Therefore, PDT can cause intense inflammation in tissues adjacent to the tumor. Conclusions It is necessary to consider the location when performing salvage esophagectomy after PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hirose
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yusuke Taniyama
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Fumiyoshi Fujishima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sato
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
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Ishiwata T, Seki T, Gregor A, Aragaki M, Motooka Y, Kinoshita T, Inage T, Bernards N, Ujiie H, Chen Z, Effat A, Chen J, Zheng G, Tatsumi K, Yasufuku K. A preclinical research platform to evaluate photosensitizers for transbronchial localization and phototherapy of lung cancer using an orthotopic mouse model. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:243-251. [PMID: 33569308 PMCID: PMC7867757 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Establishing the efficacy of novel photosensitizers (PSs) for phototherapy of lung cancer requires in vivo study prior to clinical evaluation. However, previously described animal models are not ideal for assessing transbronchial approaches with such PSs. Methods An ultra-small parallel-type composite optical fiberscope (COF) with a 0.97 mm outer diameter tip. The integration of illumination and laser irradiation fibers inside the COF allows simultaneous white-light and fluorescence imaging, as well as real-time monitoring of tip position during laser phototherapy. An orthotopic lung cancer mouse model was created with three human lung cancer cell lines transbronchially inoculated into athymic nude mice. The COF was inserted transbronchially into a total of 15 mice for tumor observation. For in vivo fluorescence imaging, an organic nanoparticle, porphysome, was used as a PS. Laser excitation through the COF was performed at 50 mW using a 671 nm source. Results The overall success rate for creating orthotopic lung tumors was 71%. Transbronchial white light images were successfully captured by COF. Access to the left main bronchus was successful in 87% of mice (13/15), the right main bronchus to the cranial lobe bronchus level in 100% (15/15), and to the right basal trifurcation of the middle lobe, caudal lobe and accessory lobe in 93% (14/15). For transbronchial tumor localization of orthotopic lung cancer tumors, PS-laden tumor with the strong signal was clearly contrasted from the normal bronchial wall. Conclusions The ultra-small COF enabled reliable transbronchial access to orthotopic human lung cancer xenografts in vivo. This method could serve as a versatile preclinical research platform for PS evaluation in lung cancer, enabling transbronchial approaches in in vivo survival models inoculated with human lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Ishiwata
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Seki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mechanical Engineering Course, Department of System Design Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Alexander Gregor
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masato Aragaki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yamato Motooka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomonari Kinoshita
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terunaga Inage
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Bernards
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hideki Ujiie
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhenchian Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Effat
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,TECHNA Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,TECHNA Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Marques de Sá I, Pereira AD, Sharma P, Dinis-Ribeiro M. Systematic review of the published guidelines on Barrett's esophagus: should we stress the consensus or the differences? Dis Esophagus 2020:doaa115. [PMID: 33249488 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple guidelines on Barrett's esophagus (BE) have being published in order to standardize and improve clinical practice. However, studies have shown poor adherence to them. Our aim was to synthetize, compare, and assess the quality of recommendations from recently published guidelines, stressing similarities and differences. We conducted a search in Pubmed and Scopus. When different guidelines from the same society were identified, the most recent one was considered. We used the GRADE system to assess the quality of evidence. We included 24 guidelines and position/consensus statements from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, British Society of Gastroenterology, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, American Gastroenterological Association, American College of Gastroenterology, Australian guidelines, and Asia-Pacific consensus. All guidelines defend that BE should be diagnosed when there is an extension of columnar epithelium into the distal esophagus. However, there is still some controversy regarding length and histology criteria for BE diagnosis. All guidelines recommend expert pathologist review for dysplasia diagnosis. All guidelines recommend surveillance for non-dysplastic BE, and some recommend surveillance for indefinite dysplasia. While the majority of guidelines recommend ablation therapy for low-grade dysplasia without visible lesion, others recommend ablation therapy or endoscopic surveillance. However, controversy exists regarding surveillance intervals and biopsy protocols. All guidelines recommend endoscopic resection followed by ablation therapy for neoplastic visible lesion. Several guidelines use the GRADE system, but the majority of recommendations are based on low and moderate quality of evidence. Although there is considerable consensus among guidelines, there are some discrepancies resulting from low-quality evidence. The lack of high-quality evidence for the majority of recommendations highlights the importance of continued well-conducted research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Marques de Sá
- Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Dias Pereira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Prateek Sharma
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, CINTESIS (Center for Health Technology and Services Research), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Novel Photosensitizer β-Mannose-Conjugated Chlorin e6 as a Potent Anticancer Agent for Human Glioblastoma U251 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100316. [PMID: 33081106 PMCID: PMC7602738 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A photosensitizer is a molecular drug for photodynamic diagnosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer. Many studies have developed photosensitizers, but improvements in their cost, efficacy, and side effects are needed for better PDT of patients. In the present study, we developed a novel photosensitizer β-mannose-conjugated chlorin e6 (β-M-Ce6) and investigated its PDT effects in human glioblastoma U251 cells. U251 cells were incubated with β-M-Ce6, followed by laser irradiation. Cell viability was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The PDT effects of β-M-Ce6 were compared with those of talaporfin sodium (TS) and our previously reported photosensitizer β-glucose-conjugated chlorin e6 (β-G-Ce6). Cellular uptake of each photosensitizer and subcellular distribution were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. β-M-Ce6 showed 1000× more potent PDT effects than those of TS, and these were similar to those of β-G-Ce6. β-M-Ce6 accumulation in U251 cells was much faster than TS accumulation and distributed to several organelles such as the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and lysosomes. This rapid cellular uptake was inhibited by low temperature, which suggested that β-M-Ce6 uptake uses biological machinery. β-M-Ce6 showed potent PDT anti-cancer effects compared with clinically approved TS, which is a possible candidate as a next generation photosensitizer in cancer therapy.
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