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Dutia I, Eres R, Sawyer SM, Pennacchia J, Johnston LM, Cleary S, Reddihough D, Coghill D. Fatigue experienced by people with cerebral palsy: a systematic review of assessment tools and decision tree. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:1751-1759. [PMID: 37158234 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2205175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review of self- and proxy-report fatigue assessment tools used in studies of people with cerebral palsy (CP) of all ages, and to develop a fatigue assessment tool decision tree for clinicians and researchers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane) were searched to September 2021 to identify studies assessing self-reported fatigue in people with CP of any age. The assessment tools utilised were extracted and two reviewers appraised the tool characteristics, clinical utility and psychometric properties. A decision tree for selecting fatigue assessment tools was constructed. RESULTS Ten assessment tools were identified across thirty-nine studies, three of which are valid and reliable for assessing fatigue severity and impact in people with CP. A four-level fatigue assessment tool decision tree was constructed. No valid and reliable tool for assessing cognitive fatigue was identified; responsiveness has not been evaluated in any tool for people with CP. CONCLUSIONS Physical fatigue screening and assessment tools for people with CP are available and are presented in our decision tree, however their utility as outcome measures remains unclear. Cognitive fatigue is understudied and poorly understood, further work is required in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Dutia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert Eres
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacinta Pennacchia
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Leanne M Johnston
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stacey Cleary
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dinah Reddihough
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Coghill
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Stout JL, Thill M, Munger ME, Walt K, Boyer ER. Reliability of the Gait Outcomes Assessment List questionnaire. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:61-69. [PMID: 37392015 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To report the test-retest reliability of the parent version of the Gait Outcomes Assessment List (GOAL) questionnaire for item, domain, total score, and goal importance in children with cerebral palsy (CP) functioning in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III. METHOD The GOAL questionnaire was completed twice, 3 to 31 days apart, in a prospective cohort study of 112 caregivers of children aged 4 to 17 years with CP (40% unilateral; GMFCS level I = 53; II = 35; III = 24; 76 males). All had an outpatient visit over a 1-year period. The standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change, and agreement were calculated for all responses, including goal importance. RESULTS The SEM for the total score was 3.1 points for the cohort (GMFCS level I = 2.3, GMFCS level II = 3.8, GMFCS level III = 3.6). The standardized domain and item scores were less reliable than the total score and varied according to GMFCS level. The gait function and mobility domain exhibited the best reliability for the cohort (SEM = 4.4), whereas the use of braces and mobility aids domain exhibited the lowest (SEM = 11.9). Goal importance was reliable (cohort average agreement 73%). INTERPRETATION The parent version of GOAL has acceptable levels of test-retest reliability for most domains and items. Caution is advised when interpreting the least reliable scores. Essential information necessary for accurate interpretation is provided. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS The standard error of measurement (SEM) of the Gait Outcomes Assessment List (GOAL) total score was approximately 3 points. The SEM of the GOAL domain score ranged from 4 to 12 points. The use of braces and mobility aids domain had the lowest reliability score. Item-level reliability varied according to domain and Gross Motor Function Classification System level. Caregivers reliably identified item importance with approximately 73% agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean L Stout
- James R. Gage Center for Gait and Motion Analysis, Gillette Children's, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marissa Thill
- Department of Research, Gillette Children's, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Meghan E Munger
- Department of Outcomes, Gillette Children's, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn Walt
- James R. Gage Center for Gait and Motion Analysis, Gillette Children's, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Boyer
- James R. Gage Center for Gait and Motion Analysis, Gillette Children's, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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MacCarthy M, Heyn P, Tagawa A, Carollo J. Walking speed and patient-reported outcomes in young adults with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:1281-1288. [PMID: 35366333 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between quantitative gait measurements and self-reported physical, psychological, cognitive, and social function status in young adults with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD Seventy-two adults with CP (range 18-48y; median age 23y [interquartile range 21-27y]; 34 males, 38 females), in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to IV, who previously underwent an instrumented gait analysis (IGA) at our center as children were recruited. Participants underwent a repeated IGA. National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS) instruments including the PROMIS-57, Applied Cognition - General Concerns (Short Form), and Applied Cognition - Executive Function (Short Form) were administered. Data derived from current and prior IGA were compared via non-parametric correlation analysis with PROMIS subscores. RESULTS Subscores for anxiety, depression, sleep, and fatigue did not significantly correlate with any IGA data. Walking speed, adjusted for stature, correlated strongly with multiple subscores: physical function (p<0.001, rs =0.708); participation in social roles (p=0.007, rs =0.319); executive function (p=0.005, rs =0.335). Pain interference correlated with longitudinal change in adjusted walking speed (p=0.032, rs =-0.259). The Applied Cognition - General Concerns (Short Form) correlated with prior absolute walking speed, but not adjusted values. INTERPRETATION This study underscores the importance of walking speed and its association with a variety of functional domains in adults with CP. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System measures provide useful clinical data in young adults with cerebral palsy. Temporospatial gait parameters have wide-reaching functional influence in this population. Walking speed is strongly correlated with physical, social, and executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew MacCarthy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Carolina and Prisma Health Children's Hospital, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Patricia Heyn
- Center for Gait and Movement Analysis, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex Tagawa
- Center for Gait and Movement Analysis, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James Carollo
- Center for Gait and Movement Analysis, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Schalet BD, Lim S, Cella D, Choi SW. Linking Scores with Patient-Reported Health Outcome Instruments:A VALIDATION STUDY AND COMPARISON OF THREE LINKING METHODS. PSYCHOMETRIKA 2021; 86:717-746. [PMID: 34173935 DOI: 10.1007/s11336-021-09776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The psychometric process used to establish a relationship between the scores of two (or more) instruments is generically referred to as linking. When two instruments with the same content and statistical test specifications are linked, these instruments are said to be equated. Linking and equating procedures have long been used for practical benefit in educational testing. In recent years, health outcome researchers have increasingly applied linking techniques to patient-reported outcome (PRO) data. However, these applications have some noteworthy purposes and associated methodological questions. Purposes for linking health outcomes include the harmonization of data across studies or settings (enabling increased power in hypothesis testing), the aggregation of summed score data by means of score crosswalk tables, and score conversion in clinical settings where new instruments are introduced, but an interpretable connection to historical data is needed. When two PRO instruments are linked, assumptions for equating are typically not met and the extent to which those assumptions are violated becomes a decision point around how (and whether) to proceed with linking. We demonstrate multiple linking procedures-equipercentile, unidimensional IRT calibration, and calibrated projection-with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression bank and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We validate this link across two samples and simulate different instrument correlation levels to provide guidance around which linking method is preferred. Finally, we discuss some remaining issues and directions for psychometric research in linking PRO instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Schalet
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, 21st Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Sangdon Lim
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5800, Austin, TX, 78712-1289, USA
| | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, 21st Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Seung W Choi
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5800, Austin, TX, 78712-1289, USA
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Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is central to how clinicians and parents make choices about medical care for pediatric neurology patients. To provide parents with the information they need to make these decisions and plan for the future, it is necessary for parents and clinicians to understand how HRQOL is defined and measured in the setting of pediatric neurodevelopmental impairment. We review challenges that exist in measuring HRQOL in pediatric neurology, examine existing measures, and outline key principles to guide selection and interpretation of HRQOL measures in children with neurologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E. Lemmon
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD,Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Bryce B. Reeve
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC,Center for Health Measurement, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Taple BJ, Griffith JW, Wolf MS. Interview Administration of PROMIS Depression and Anxiety Short Forms. Health Lit Res Pract 2019; 3:e196-e204. [PMID: 31511845 PMCID: PMC6733307 DOI: 10.3928/24748307-20190626-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health literacy reflects a person's reading and numeracy abilities applied to understanding health-related information. These skills may influence how patients report symptoms, leading to underestimates or overestimates of symptom severity. No prior studies have examined health literacy measurement bias. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to determine whether PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) anxiety and depression short forms, administered by interview, capture symptoms equally across health literacy groups. We examined the psychometric properties of PROMIS anxiety and depression short forms using differential item functioning (DIF) analysis by level of health literacy. METHODS The sample analyzed included 888 adults, age 55 to 74 years, in Chicago, IL. Health literacy was measured using the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. PROMIS short forms assessed anxiety and depression. KEY RESULTS DIF was present in 3 of 8 depression items, and 3 of 7 anxiety items. All items flagged for DIF had lower item-slopes for people with limited health literacy. CONCLUSIONS Items with DIF were less strongly related to anxiety and depression, and thus less precise. Overall, impact of DIF on PROMIS scores was negligible, likely mitigated by interview administration. Although overall test impact of health literacy was minimal, DIF analyses flagged items that were potentially too complex for people with limited health literacy. Design and validation of patient-reported surveys should incorporate respondents with a range of health literacy and methods to identify and reduce measurement bias. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2019;3(3):e196-e204.]. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY This study suggests that people with limited health literacy may respond differently to questions about depression and anxiety than people with adequate health literacy. Therefore, it is important to be aware of differences in literacy ability when creating and using questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayley J. Taple
- Address correspondence to Bayley J. Taple, MS, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, 27th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611;
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Kramer JM, Schwartz AE. Development of the Pediatric Disability Inventory-Patient Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) measurement conceptual framework and item candidates. Scand J Occup Ther 2018; 25:335-346. [PMID: 30280615 PMCID: PMC6377807 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2018.1502344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address the gap in patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) of functional performance appropriate for youth and young adults with developmental disabilities (DD) we developed the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Patient Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO). AIM/OBJECTIVE We used a participatory process to: (1) Develop the measurement conceptual framework; (2) Identify discrete functional tasks to include in the PEDI-PRO; and (3) Refine item candidates. METHODS We collaborated with eight youth with DD over 33 months. These youth and university researchers explored the construct of functional performance, developed and refined items, and collected and analyzed data. We also conducted focus groups with youth with DD (n = 62) and rehabilitation professionals (n = 26), and consulted with PEDI measurement experts (n = 3). RESULTS Youth's understanding of their functional performance is embedded in their experiences participating in everyday life situations. We developed 78 Daily Activities, 65 Social/Cognitive, and 52 Mobility item candidates that are linked to 11 everyday life situations to assess discrete functional tasks important to youth with DD and rehabilitation professionals. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS As a result of our participatory development process, the PEDI-PRO's proposed conceptual framework and item candidates are grounded in the lived experience of youth with DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Kramer
- a Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College , Boston University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Ariel E Schwartz
- a Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College , Boston University , Boston , MA , USA
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Mulcahey MJ, Slavin MD, Pengsheng N, Kratz A, Kisala PA, Tulsky DS, Jette AM. Examination of psychometric properties of PROMIS®: Pediatric upper limb measures in youth with cerebral palsy. Br J Occup Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022618757961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study examines the validity and distribution characteristics of the PROMIS® pediatric upper limb measures in a sample of young people with cerebral palsy. Method Data are a cross-sectional subset of a larger prospective study of the responsiveness to change of PROMIS® pediatric measures following surgery to improve functioning in young people with cerebral palsy. Ninety-three participants between the ages of eight and 21 years completed the PROMIS® pediatric mobility and upper limb computer adaptive tests and short forms in conjunction with a set of static “legacy” measures of physical functioning, including a parent-report of upper limb function. Results The PROMIS® Pediatric upper limb short form demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85). PROMIS® pediatric upper limb computer adaptive tests and short form mean values (42.1(11) and 43(10.4), respectively) were nearly 1 SD below normal, which is appropriate when a generic measure is used in a sample of young persons with cerebral palsy. The PROMIS® pediatric upper limb computer adaptive tests had a higher frequency of ceiling effects (29.50%) compared to the short form (18.30%). Conclusion Results of this study suggest that the PROMIS® pediatric upper limb computer adaptive tests and the short form are valid indicators of upper limb function in young people with cerebral palsy. The item bank can be replenished to address ceiling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Mulcahey
- Professor of Occupational Therapy, Jefferson College of Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, USA
| | - Mary D Slavin
- Research Scientist, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, USA
| | - Ni Pengsheng
- Statistician, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, USA
| | - Anna Kratz
- Assistant Professor, Institute for Health Care Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Pamela A Kisala
- Associate Scientist, Center on Assessment Research and Translation, University of Delaware, USA
| | - David S Tulsky
- Professor, Departments of Physical Therapy and Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, USA
| | - Alan M Jette
- Professor, Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
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Schwartz AE, Kramer JM, Longo AL. Patient-reported outcome measures for young people with developmental disabilities: incorporation of design features to reduce cognitive demands. Dev Med Child Neurol 2018; 60:173-184. [PMID: 29171008 PMCID: PMC5771952 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) may increase the involvement of young people with developmental disabilities in their healthcare decisions and healthcare-related research. Young people with developmental disabilities may have difficulty completing PROMs because of extraneous assessment demands that require additional cognitive processes. However, PROM design features may mitigate the impact of these demands. We identified and evaluated six pediatric PROMs of self-care and domestic life tasks for the incorporation of suggested design features that can reduce cognitive demands. PROMs incorporated an average of 6 out of 11 content, 7 out of 14 layout, and 2 out of 9 administration features. This critical review identified two primary gaps in PROM design: (1) examples and visuals were not optimized to reduce cognitive demands; and (2) administration features that support young people's motivation and self-efficacy and reduce frustration were underutilized. Because assessment demands impact the validity of PROMs, clinicians should prospectively consider the impact of these demands when selecting PROMs and interpreting scores. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) design features can reduce assessment demands related to cognitive processes. Pediatric PROMs underutilize design features that decrease cognitive demands of self-reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel E. Schwartz
- PhD Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica M. Kramer
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela L. Longo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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KRAMER JESSICAM, SCHWARTZ ARIEL. Refining the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Patient-Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) item candidates: interpretation of a self-reported outcome measure of functional performance by young people with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol 2017; 59:1083-1088. [PMID: 28580593 PMCID: PMC5610612 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study examined the item interpretability and rating scale use of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Patient-Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) by young people with developmental disabilities. The PEDI-PRO assesses the functional performance of discrete functional tasks in the context of everyday life situations. METHOD A two-phase cognitive interview design was implemented with a convenience sample of 37 young people (mean age 19y, SD 2y 5mo; 13 males and 24 females; 68% with intellectual disability) with developmental disabilities. In phase I, 182 item candidates were each reviewed by an average of four young people. In phase II, 103 items were carried forward or revised and each reviewed by an average of seven additional young people. Two raters coded responses for intended item interpretation and performance quality; codes were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative analysis explored young people's self-evaluation process. RESULTS Items were interpreted as intended by most young people (mean 86%). Young people can use PEDI-PRO response categories appropriately to describe their performance: 94% of positive performance descriptions coincided with a positive response category choice; 73% of negative descriptions coincided with a negative response category choice. Young people interpreted items in a literal manner, and their self-evaluation incorporated the use of supports that facilitate functional performance. INTERPRETATION The PEDI-PRO's measurement framework appears to support the self-evaluation of functional performance of young people with developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- JESSICA M KRAMER
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - ARIEL SCHWARTZ
- PhD Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Studts CR, Polaha J, van Zyl MA. Identifying Unbiased Items for Screening Preschoolers for Disruptive Behavior Problems. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 42:476-486. [PMID: 27780840 PMCID: PMC6075030 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Efficient identification and referral to behavioral services are crucial in addressing early-onset disruptive behavior problems. Existing screening instruments for preschoolers are not ideal for pediatric primary care settings serving diverse populations. Eighteen candidate items for a new brief screening instrument were examined to identify those exhibiting measurement bias (i.e., differential item functioning, DIF) by child characteristics. Method Parents/guardians of preschool-aged children ( N = 900) from four primary care settings completed two full-length behavioral rating scales. Items measuring disruptive behavior problems were tested for DIF by child race, sex, and socioeconomic status using two approaches: item response theory-based likelihood ratio tests and ordinal logistic regression. Results Of 18 items, eight were identified with statistically significant DIF by at least one method. Conclusions The bias observed in 8 of 18 items made them undesirable for screening diverse populations of children. These items were excluded from the new brief screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodi Polaha
- Department of Family Medicine, East Tennessee State University
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Carle AC, Mara CA. Differential item functioning in patient reported outcomes research. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58:1100-1101. [PMID: 27230135 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Carle
- James M Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Constance A Mara
- James M Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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