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Eaves DL, Hodges NJ, Buckingham G, Buccino G, Vogt S. Enhancing motor imagery practice using synchronous action observation. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:1891-1907. [PMID: 36574019 PMCID: PMC11315722 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss a variety of ways in which practising motor actions by means of motor imagery (MI) can be enhanced via synchronous action observation (AO), that is, by AO + MI. We review the available research on the (mostly facilitatory) behavioural effects of AO + MI practice in the early stages of skill acquisition, discuss possible theoretical explanations, and consider several issues related to the choice and presentation schedules of suitable models. We then discuss considerations related to AO + MI practice at advanced skill levels, including expertise effects, practical recommendations such as focussing attention on specific aspects of the observed action, using just-ahead models, and possible effects of the perspective in which the observed action is presented. In section "Coordinative AO + MI", we consider scenarios where the observer imagines performing an action that complements or responds to the observed action, as a promising and yet under-researched application of AO + MI training. In section "The dual action simulation hypothesis of AO + MI", we review the neurocognitive hypothesis that AO + MI practice involves two parallel action simulations, and we consider opportunities for future research based on recent neuroimaging work on parallel motor representations. In section "AO + MI training in motor rehabilitation", we review applications of AO, MI, and AO + MI training in the field of neurorehabilitation. Taken together, this evidence-based, exploratory review opens a variety of avenues for future research and applications of AO + MI practice, highlighting several clear advantages over the approaches of purely AO- or MI-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Eaves
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Nicola J Hodges
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gavin Buckingham
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
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2
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Gao J, Song W, Zhong Y, Huang D, Wang J, Zhang A, Ke X. Children with developmental coordination disorders: a review of approaches to assessment and intervention. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1359955. [PMID: 38846037 PMCID: PMC11153681 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1359955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in motor skills, with gross and fine motor dysfunction being the main symptom. This condition greatly impairs children's daily life, learning, and social interaction. Symptoms typically appear during preschool or school age, and if left untreated, they can persist into adulthood. Thus, early assessment and intervention are crucial to improve the prognosis. This study aims to review the existing literature on DCD, providing a comprehensive overview of the assessment for children with DCD in terms of body functions and structures, activities and participation, and environmental factors within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health - Children and Youth (ICF-CY). Additionally, specific rehabilitation interventions will be described, offering valuable insights for the clinical assessment and intervention of children with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Gao
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dunbing Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Ke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Gentile AE, Rinella S, Desogus E, Verrelli CM, Iosa M, Perciavalle V, Ruggieri M, Polizzi A. Motor imagery for paediatric neurorehabilitation: how much do we know? Perspectives from a systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1245707. [PMID: 38571523 PMCID: PMC10987782 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1245707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Motor Imagery (MI) is a cognitive process consisting in mental simulation of body movements without executing physical actions: its clinical use has been investigated prevalently in adults with neurological disorders. Objectives Review of the best-available evidence on the use and efficacy of MI interventions for neurorehabilitation purposes in common and rare childhood neurological disorders. Methods systematic literature search conducted according to PRISMA by using the Scopus, PsycArticles, Cinahl, PUBMED, Web of Science (Clarivate), EMBASE, PsychINFO, and COCHRANE databases, with levels of evidence scored by OCEBM and PEDro Scales. Results Twenty-two original studies were retrieved and included for the analysis; MI was the unique or complementary rehabilitative treatment in 476 individuals (aged 5 to 18 years) with 10 different neurological conditions including, cerebral palsies, stroke, coordination disorders, intellectual disabilities, brain and/or spinal cord injuries, autism, pain syndromes, and hyperactivity. The sample size ranged from single case reports to cohorts and control groups. Treatment lasted 2 days to 6 months with 1 to 24 sessions. MI tasks were conventional, graded or ad-hoc. MI measurement tools included movement assessment batteries, mental chronometry tests, scales, and questionnaires, EEG, and EMG. Overall, the use of MI was stated as effective in 19/22, and uncertain in the remnant studies. Conclusion MI could be a reliable supportive/add-on (home-based) rehabilitative tool for pediatric neurorehabilitation; its clinical use, in children, is highly dependent on the complexity of MI mechanisms, which are related to the underlying neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Egle Gentile
- National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Rinella
- Department of Educational Science, Chair of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eleonora Desogus
- National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Iosa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Martino Ruggieri
- Unit of Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Polizzi
- Department of Educational Science, Chair of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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4
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Martel M, Finos L, Bahmad S, Koun E, Salemme R, Sonié S, Fourneret P, Schmitz C, Roy AC. Motor deficits in autism differ from that of developmental coordination disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:415-432. [PMID: 37226824 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231171980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT A vast majority of individuals with autism spectrum disorder experience impairments in motor skills. Those are often labelled as additional developmental coordination disorder despite the lack of studies comparing both disorders. Consequently, motor skills rehabilitation programmes in autism are often not specific but rather consist in standard programmes for developmental coordination disorder. Here, we compared motor performance in three groups of children: a control group, an autism spectrum disorder group and a developmental coordination disorder group. Despite similar level of motor skills evaluated by the standard movement assessment battery for children, in a Reach-to-Displace Task, children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder showed specific motor control deficits. Children with autism spectrum disorder failed to anticipate the object properties, but could correct their movement as well as typically developing children. In contrast, children with developmental coordination disorder were atypically slow, but showed a spared anticipation. Our study has important clinical implications as motor skills rehabilitations are crucial to both populations. Specifically, our findings suggest that individuals with autism spectrum disorder would benefit from therapies aiming at improving their anticipation, maybe through the support of their preserved representations and use of sensory information. Conversely, individuals with developmental coordination disorder would benefit from a focus on the use of sensory information in a timely fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Martel
- Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage, CNRS UMR5596, Université Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Salam Bahmad
- Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage, CNRS UMR5596, Université Lyon 2, Lyon, France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center CRNL; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292; ImpAct Team, Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, France
| | - Eric Koun
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center CRNL; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292; ImpAct Team, Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, France
| | - Romeo Salemme
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center CRNL; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292; ImpAct Team, Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, France
| | - Sandrine Sonié
- University Lyon 1, France
- Rhône-Alpes Autism Resource Center (CRA-RA), France
- Le Vinatier Hospital Center, France Lyon Neuroscience
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL; INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; COPHY Team, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Fourneret
- Service Psychopathologie du Développement, HFME, Hospices civils de Lyon, France
| | - Christina Schmitz
- University Lyon 1, France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL; INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; COPHY Team, Lyon, France
| | - Alice Catherine Roy
- Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage, CNRS UMR5596, Université Lyon 2, Lyon, France
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5
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Steenbergen B, Valtr L, Dunford C, Prunty M, Bekhuis H, Temlali TY, van Abswoude F, Lust JM, Warlop G, Augustijn M, Smits-Engelsman BCM, Wilson PH. Awareness about developmental coordination disorder. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345257. [PMID: 38362216 PMCID: PMC10867205 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The present paper is designed to promote awareness of DCD outside the academic world. With a prevalence of 5-6% it is one of the most common disorders of child development. It is therefore surprising that so little is known about it among professionals in child healthcare and education. Parents have expressed frustration about this lack of awareness, including the general public. The general aim of this paper was to describe those critical aspects of DCD that will promote awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ludvík Valtr
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Carolyn Dunford
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Prunty
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hidde Bekhuis
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Femke van Abswoude
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jessica M. Lust
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Griet Warlop
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mireille Augustijn
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bouwien C. M. Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Peter H. Wilson
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Baiano C, Zappullo I, Cecere R, Raimo G, Conson M. Visual and kinesthetic motor imagery in adults with different degrees of self-reported motor coordination difficulties. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 91:103137. [PMID: 37572558 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) involves difficulties in performing coordinated movements with fine and/or gross motor skills deficits. Several studies showed that DCD is characterized by motor imagery deficits as well. Here we investigated in neurotypical adults (N = 334) the relationships between the ease of imaging two main motor imagery components, that is the visual and the kinesthetic one, self-reported motor coordination difficulties and handwriting speed. Self-reported motor difficulties were measured by the Adult Developmental Co-ordination Disorders/Dyspraxia Checklist (ADC) and scores were used to distinguish three groups: participants at risk of DCD (with both relevant childhood and current motor coordination difficulties); with motor coordination difficulties (relevant current but not childhood difficulties); without motor coordination difficulties (neither current nor childhood difficulties). The main results showed more kinesthetic and visual imagery difficulties in participants at risk of DCD than in those both with and without motor coordination difficulties. Interestingly, the relationships between the two imagery components and motor difficulties were different in the three groups, depending on: 1) the developmental phase (childhood or adulthood) to which motor coordination difficulties referred, and 2) the point of view (self or other), from which images were judged. Instead, no relationship was found between imagery abilities and handwriting speed. Thus, a nuanced pattern of the ease of imaging motor imagery emerged in adults with different degrees of self-reported motor coordination difficulties. These findings could be relevant for the assessment of people candidate to undergo a motor imagery training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baiano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Isa Zappullo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberta Cecere
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gennaro Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Conson
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Al-Yahya E, Esser P, Weedon BD, Joshi S, Liu YC, Springett DN, Salvan P, Meaney A, Collett J, Inacio M, Delextrat A, Kemp S, Ward T, Izadi H, Johansen-Berg H, Ayaz H, Dawes H. Motor learning in developmental coordination disorder: behavioral and neuroimaging study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1187790. [PMID: 37425016 PMCID: PMC10323432 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1187790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is characterized by motor learning deficits that are poorly understood within whole-body activities context. Here we present results of one of the largest non-randomized interventional trials combining brain imaging and motion capture techniques to examine motor skill acquisition and its underpinning mechanisms in adolescents with and without DCD. A total of 86 adolescents with low fitness levels (including 48 with DCD) were trained on a novel stepping task for a duration of 7 weeks. Motor performance during the stepping task was assessed under single and dual-task conditions. Concurrent cortical activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Additionally, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted during a similar stepping task at the beginning of the trial. The results indicate that adolescents with DCD performed similarly to their peers with lower levels of fitness in the novel stepping task and demonstrated the ability to learn and improve motor performance. Both groups showed significant improvements in both tasks and under single- and dual-task conditions at post-intervention and follow-up compared to baseline. While both groups initially made more errors in the Stroop task under dual-task conditions, at follow-up, a significant difference between single- and dual-task conditions was observed only in the DCD group. Notably, differences in prefrontal activation patterns between the groups emerged at different time points and task conditions. Adolescents with DCD exhibited distinct prefrontal activation responses during the learning and performance of a motor task, particularly when complexity was increased by concurrent cognitive tasks. Furthermore, a relationship was observed between MRI brain structure and function measures and initial performance in the novel stepping task. Overall, these findings suggest that strategies that address task and environmental complexities, while simultaneously enhancing brain activity through a range of tasks, offer opportunities to increase the participation of adolescents with low fitness in physical activity and sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Al-Yahya
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Patrick Esser
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Services, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin D. Weedon
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Services, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shawn Joshi
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Services, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yan-Ci Liu
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Services, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Daniella N. Springett
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Services, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Piergiorgio Salvan
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Meaney
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Services, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johnny Collett
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Services, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Inacio
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Services, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Maia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anne Delextrat
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Services, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Kemp
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Services, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Ward
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hooshang Izadi
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Drexel Solutions Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Helen Dawes
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Services, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Exeter BRC, Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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8
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Scott MW, Wood G, Holmes PS, Marshall B, Williams J, Wright DJ. Combined action observation and motor imagery improves learning of activities of daily living in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284086. [PMID: 37220154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is characterised by poor motor coordination, which interferes with the ability to execute activities of daily living (ADLs). Combined action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) involves observing movement videos whilst imagining simultaneously the sensations of executing the same movement. Laboratory-based research indicates that AOMI can help improve movement coordination in children with DCD, but no previous research had investigated the efficacy of AOMI interventions for learning ADLs. This study investigated the efficacy of a home-based, parent-led, AOMI intervention for learning ADLs in children with DCD. Children with confirmed (n = 23) or suspected (n = 5) DCD (total sample n = 28), aged 7-12 years, were assigned to either an AOMI intervention or a control intervention (both n = 14). Participants attempted the following ADLs at pre-test (week 1), post-test (week 4), and retention test (week 6): shoelace tying, cutlery use, shirt buttoning, and cup stacking. Task completion times and movement techniques were recorded. The AOMI intervention produced significantly faster task completion times than the control intervention at post-test for shoelace tying, and significantly improved movement techniques for shoelace tying and cup stacking. Importantly, for children who could not tie shoelaces at pre-test (n = 9 per group), 89% of those following the AOMI intervention learnt the skill successfully by the end of the study, compared to only 44% of those following the control intervention. The findings indicate that home-based, parent-led, AOMI interventions can aid the learning of complex ADLs in children with DCD, and may be particularly effective for facilitating the learning of motor skills that do not currently exist within these children's motor repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Scott
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Greg Wood
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Marshall
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Williams
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Wright
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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9
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Martel M, Glover S. TMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects the timing of motor imagery but not overt action: Further support for the motor-cognitive model. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114125. [PMID: 36167217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Motor-Cognitive model suggests a functional dissociation between motor imagery and overt action, in contrast to the Functional Equivalence view of common processes between the two behaviours. According to the Motor-Cognitive model, motor imagery differs from overt action primarily through the use of executive resources to monitor and elaborate a motor image during execution, which can result in a lack of correspondence between motor imagery and its overt action counterpart. The present study examined the importance of executive resources in motor imagery by using TMS to impair the function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while measuring the time to complete imagined versus overt actions. In two experiments, TMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex slowed motor imagery but did not affect overt actions. TMS over the same region also interfered with performance of a mental calculation task, though it did not reliably affect less demanding cognitive tasks also thought to rely on executive functions. Taken together, these results were consistent with the Motor-Cognitive model but not with the idea of functional equivalence. The implications of these results for the theoretical understanding of motor imagery, and potential applications of the Motor-Cognitive model to the use of motor imagery in training and rehabilitation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Martel
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, UK.
| | - Scott Glover
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, UK
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10
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Ke L, Su X, Yang S, Du Z, Huang S, Wang Y. New trends in developmental coordination disorder: Multivariate, multidimensional and multimodal. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1116369. [PMID: 36778631 PMCID: PMC9911460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1116369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a motor development disorder that affects an individual's growth and development, and may persist throughout life. It is not caused by intellectual or physical disability. Studies have suggested DCD often occurs in childhood, resulting in a series of abnormal manifestations that hinder children's normal development; cohort studies suggest a higher incidence in boys than in girls. Early diagnosis and appropriate interventions can help relieve symptoms. Unfortunately, the relevant research still needs to be further developed. In this paper, we first start from the definition of DCD, systematically investigate the relevant research papers in the past decades and summarize the current research hotspots and research trends in this field. After summarizing, it is found that this research field has attracted more researchers to join, the number of papers published has increased year by year and has become a hot spot in multidisciplinary research, such as education, psychology, sports rehabilitation, neurobiology, and neuroimaging. The continuous development of the correlation between perinatal factors and DCD, various omics studies, and neuroimaging methods also brings new perspectives and working targets to DCD research. DCD-related research will continue to deepen along the research direction of multivariate, multidimensional, and multimodal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ke
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Su
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Du
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunsen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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11
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Does the Degree and/or Direction of Handedness in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder Influence Motor and Cognitive Performance? A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2022-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that nonright-handedness in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is associated with poorer motor and cognitive performance. This study investigated the influence of degree and direction of handedness on performance using the Home Handedness Questionnaire, the Hit-the-Dot test, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, and the digital Trail-Making Test. Eighteen children with DCD and 21 typically developing children aged 8–12 years participated in this study. The distribution of degree and direction of handedness in the group of DCD children were not different from that found in the typically developing group. In the Hit-the-Dot test, typically developing children significantly performed better than children with DCD, no matter which hand was dominant or to which degree. A significant inconsistent-handed advantage in the subdomain balance was found for children with DCD. Inconsistent handedness also seems to be an advantage for children with DCD on the digital Trail-Making Test performance. The relationship between the subcategories of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the digital Trail-Making Test part B is stronger for consistent than for inconsistent handedness. Our findings suggest that children with DCD and inconsistent handedness might benefit from greater crosstalk across hemispheres. In addition, these predispositions can be reinforced or discouraged throughout development and via occupational therapy.
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Abu-Ata A, Green D, Sopher R, Portnoy S, Ratzon NZ. Upper Limb Kinematics of Handwriting among Children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9224. [PMID: 36501925 PMCID: PMC9741266 DOI: 10.3390/s22239224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) often experience difficulties with handwriting legibility and speed. This study investigates the relationship between handwriting and upper limb kinematics to characterize movement patterns of children with DCD and typically developing (TD) children. Methods: 30 children with and without DCD matched for age, gender, and parent education were compared across handwriting abilities using a standardized handwriting assessment of both copied and dictated tasks (A-A Handwriting). The 3D motion capture system (Qualysis) was used to analyze upper limb kinematics and characterize movement patterns during handwriting and contrasted with written output. Results: Children with DCD wrote fewer legible letters in both copying and dictation. Children with DCD also showed poor automatization of key writing concepts. Atypical wrist postures were associated with reduced legibility for children with DCD (F (1,27) 4.71, p = 0.04, p-η2 = 0.15); whereas for TD children, better legibility was associated with greater variations in movement speed, particularly of the wrist (rho = −0.578, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Results reflect different movement parameters influencing handwriting in children with DCD. An improved understanding of the movement characteristics during handwriting of these children may assist intervention design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Abu-Ata
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dido Green
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 553 18 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Ran Sopher
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sigal Portnoy
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Navah Z. Ratzon
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Subject-Dependent Artifact Removal for Enhancing Motor Imagery Classifier Performance under Poor Skills. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22155771. [PMID: 35957329 PMCID: PMC9371054 DOI: 10.3390/s22155771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Electroencephalography (EEG)-based motor imagery (MI) paradigm is one of the most studied technologies for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) development. Still, the low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) poses a challenge when constructing EEG-based BCI systems. Moreover, the non-stationary and nonlinear signal issues, the low-spatial data resolution, and the inter- and intra-subject variability hamper the extraction of discriminant features. Indeed, subjects with poor motor skills have difficulties in practicing MI tasks against low SNR scenarios. Here, we propose a subject-dependent preprocessing approach that includes the well-known Surface Laplacian Filtering and Independent Component Analysis algorithms to remove signal artifacts based on the MI performance. In addition, power- and phase-based functional connectivity measures are studied to extract relevant and interpretable patterns and identify subjects of inefficency. As a result, our proposal, Subject-dependent Artifact Removal (SD-AR), improves the MI classification performance in subjects with poor motor skills. Consequently, electrooculography and volume-conduction EEG artifacts are mitigated within a functional connectivity feature-extraction strategy, which favors the classification performance of a straightforward linear classifier.
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Kuijpers R, Smulders E, Groen BE, Smits-Engelsman BCM, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, Weerdesteyn V. Walking adaptability improves after treadmill training in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A proof-of-concept study. Gait Posture 2022; 92:258-263. [PMID: 34890915 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have motor coordination deficits leading to difficulties in sports and play that require adaptations of the walking pattern. Children with DCD indeed demonstrate poorer walking adaptability (WA) compared to typically developing children, but it remains elusive whether WA can be improved by training. RESEARCH QUESTION Does augmented-reality treadmill training lead to improvements in WA in children with DCD? METHODS Seventeen children with DCD were included in this proof-of-concept intervention study. They received a six-session training on the C-mill, a treadmill on which gait adjustments can be evoked by projected visual context. The effect of the training was evaluated before (M1), directly after training (M2) and after 6 months follow-up (M3) using the WAL-K (single and double run) and WA-tasks on the C-mill (as a single and with concurrent visuo-motor and cognitive task). In addition, parents completed a questionnaire on their perception of the training. Linear Mixed Model analyses were performed to assess the differences in WAL-K scores and success rates on the WA-tasks between M1-M2 and M1-M3. RESULTS Children significantly improved on the WAL-K double run and on all three WA-tasks between M1-M2 and M1-M3. Children did not improve on the WAL-K single run. Parents found the training useful and fun for their child and indicated that their child fell less frequently. SIGNIFICANCE The results show that C-mill training had positive and task-specific effects on WA in children with DCD, which effects generalized to an overground task and were retained at 6 months follow-up. This may help children with DCD to better participate in daily activities. Future research should include a control group to examine the effectiveness of the training program compared to receiving no training and may also examine the effect of the training on participation in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Kuijpers
- Sint Maartenskliniek Research, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen Smulders
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Avans+, University of Applied Sciences, Master Specialized Physical Therapy, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda E Groen
- Sint Maartenskliniek Research, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bouwien C M Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maria W G Nijhuis-van der Sanden
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; IQ Healthcare, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian Weerdesteyn
- Sint Maartenskliniek Research, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Martel M, Boulenger V, Koun E, Finos L, Farnè A, Roy AC. Body schema plasticity is altered in Developmental Coordination Disorder. Neuropsychologia 2021; 166:108136. [PMID: 34953795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a pathological condition characterized by impaired motor skills. Current theories advance that a deficit of the internal models is mainly responsible for DCD children's altered behavior. Yet, accurate movement execution requires not only correct movement planning, but also integration of sensory feedback into body representation for action (Body Schema) to update the state of the body. Here we advance and test the hypothesis that the plasticity of this body representation is altered in DCD. To probe Body Schema (BS) plasticity, we submitted a well-established tool-use paradigm to seventeen DCD children, required to reach for an object with their hand before and after tool use, and compared their movement kinematics to that of a control group of Typically Developing (TD) peers. We also asked both groups to provide explicit estimates of their arm length to probe plasticity of their Body Image (BI). Results revealed that DCD children explicitly judged their arm shorter after tool use, showing changes in their BI comparable to their TD peers. Unlike them, though, DCD did not update their implicit BS estimate: kinematics showed that tool use affected their peak amplitudes, but not their latencies. Remarkably, the kinematics of tool use showed that the motor control of the tool was comparable between groups, both improving with practice, confirming that motor learning abilities are preserved in DCD. This study thus brings evidence in favor of an alternative theoretical account of the DCD etiology. Our findings point to a deficit in the plasticity of the body representation used to plan and execute movements. Though not mutually exclusive, this widens the theoretical perspective under which DCD should be considered: DCD may not be limited to a problem affecting the internal models and their motor functions, but may concern the state of the effector they have to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Martel
- Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage, UMR5596, CNRS/University Lyon 2, Lyon, France; Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team - ImpAct, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS U5292, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Véronique Boulenger
- Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage, UMR5596, CNRS/University Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Koun
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team - ImpAct, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS U5292, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team - ImpAct, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS U5292, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Mouvement et Handicap, Neuro-immersion, Lyon, France; Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Italy
| | - Alice Catherine Roy
- Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage, UMR5596, CNRS/University Lyon 2, Lyon, France; Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Italy
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Spatial interpretability of time-frequency relevance optimized in motor imagery discrimination using Deep&Wide networks. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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