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Kho PF, Stell L, Jimenez S, Zanetti D, Panyard DJ, Watson KL, Sarraju A, Chen ML, Lind L, Petrie JR, Chan KN, Fonda H, Kent K, Myers JN, Palaniappan L, Abbasi F, Assimes TL. Associations between accurate measures of adiposity and fitness, blood proteins, and insulin sensitivity among South Asians and Europeans. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.06.24313199. [PMID: 39281745 PMCID: PMC11398600 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.06.24313199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective South Asians (SAs) may possess a unique predisposition to insulin resistance (IR). We explored this possibility by investigating the relationship between 'gold standard' measures of adiposity, fitness, selected proteomic biomarkers, and insulin sensitivity among a cohort of SAs and Europeans (EURs). Methods A total of 46 SAs and 41 EURs completed 'conventional' (lifestyle questionnaires, standard physical exam) as well as 'gold standard' (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and insulin suppression test) assessments of adiposity, fitness, and insulin sensitivity. In a subset of 28 SAs and 36 EURs, we also measured the blood-levels of eleven IR-related proteins. We conducted Spearman correlation to identify correlates of steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) derived from the insulin suppression test, followed by multivariable linear regression analyses of SSPG, adjusting for age, sex and ancestral group. Results Sixteen of 30 measures significantly associated with SSPG, including one conventional and eight gold standard measures of adiposity, one conventional and one gold standard measure of fitness, and five proteins. Multivariable regressions revealed that gold standard measures and plasma proteins attenuated ancestral group differences in IR, suggesting their potential utility in assessing IR, especially among SAs. Conclusion Ancestral group differences in IR may be explained by accurate measures of adiposity and fitness, with specific proteins possibly serving as useful surrogates for these measures, particularly for SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pik Fang Kho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Laurel Stell
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shirin Jimenez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Daniel J Panyard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen L Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ashish Sarraju
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Li Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John R Petrie
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Khin N Chan
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Holly Fonda
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kyla Kent
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan N Myers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Latha Palaniappan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fahim Abbasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Almoraie NM, Shatwan IM. The Potential Effects of Dietary Antioxidants in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:416. [PMID: 38391792 PMCID: PMC10887832 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a global health concern, with its prevalence steadily increasing in recent decades. It is associated with numerous health complications, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The aetiology of obesity is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In recent years, oxidative stress has emerged as a potential contributor to obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Dietary antioxidants, which can counteract oxidative stress, have gained significant attention for their potential role in preventing and managing obesity. This comprehensive review aims to explore the impact of dietary antioxidants on obesity and its associated metabolic dysregulations, discussing the underlying mechanisms and highlighting the potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Almoraie
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Building 43, Room 233, Level 2, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa M Shatwan
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Building 43, Room 233, Level 2, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
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