1
|
Riester MR, Zullo AR, Joshi R, Daiello LA, Hayes KN, Ko D, Kim DH, Munshi M, Berry SD. Comparative safety and cardiovascular effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in nursing homes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3403-3417. [PMID: 38779879 PMCID: PMC11233240 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM Studies examining the safety and effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) versus glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) among community-dwelling adults may not generalize to nursing home (NH) residents, who are typically older and more multimorbid. We compared the safety and cardiovascular effectiveness of SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs among US NH residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible individuals were aged ≥66 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus and initiated an SGLT2i or GLP-1RA in an NH between 2013 and 2018. Safety outcomes included fall-related injuries, hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), urinary tract infection or genital infection, and acute kidney injury in the year following treatment initiation. Cardiovascular effectiveness outcomes included death, major adverse cardiovascular events and hospitalization for heart failure. Per-protocol adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using stabilized inverse probability of treatment and censoring weighted cause-specific hazard regression models accounting for 127 covariates. RESULTS The study population included 7710 residents (31.08% SGLT2i, 68.92% GLP-1RA). Compared with GLP-1RA initiators, SGLT2i initiators had higher rates of DKA (HR 1.95, 95% confidence limits 1.27, 2.99) and death (HR 1.18, 95% confidence limits 1.02, 1.36). Rates of urinary tract infection or genital infection, acute kidney injury, major adverse cardiovascular events, and heart failure were also elevated, while rates of fall-related injuries and hypoglycaemia were reduced, but all estimates were imprecise and highly compatible with no difference. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2is do not have superior, and may have inferior, effectiveness compared with GLP-1RAs for cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in NH residents. Residents initiating SGLT2is should be monitored closely for DKA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Riester
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Andrew R Zullo
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Richa Joshi
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lori A Daiello
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center at Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kaleen N Hayes
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darae Ko
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Department of Medicine, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Department of Medicine, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Medha Munshi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Geriatric Diabetes Program, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah D Berry
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Department of Medicine, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou Z, Zheng M, Zuo Z, Wu T. Comparison of cardiovascular outcomes of new antihyperglycemic agents in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1647-1656. [PMID: 38419382 PMCID: PMC11098653 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The study aims to provide comprehensive evidence for the selection of agents in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with cardiovascular risk and summarize the lasted evidence for the cardiovascular effects of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS Several online databases were searched. All studies that explored the cardiovascular effects of SGLT2i or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) were screened and reviewed. A total of 38 studies were included. Compared with GLP1-RA, the use of SGLT2i significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death [risk ratio (RR) = 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44-0.58], hospitalization of heart failure (HHF) (RR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.74-0.80), death from any cause (RR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.60-0.68), and myocardial infarction (MI) (RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76-0.87). However, SGLT2i significantly increased the risk of stroke (RR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17). Compared with the control group, SGLT2i treatment reduced the risk of cardiovascular death by 14% (RR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.94), HHF by 25%, and death from any cause by 9% in patients with HF, regardless of diabetes status. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2i is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular death, HHF, death from any cause, and MI in patients with T2DM compared with GLP1-RA. In addition, SGLT2i brought more benefits with respect to the effects of cardiovascular death, HHF, and death from any cause in patients with HF, regardless of diabetes status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhihong Zuo
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Htoo PT, Tesfaye H, Schneeweiss S, Wexler DJ, Everett BM, Glynn RJ, Schmedt N, Koeneman L, Déruaz-Luyet A, Paik JM, Patorno E. Cardiorenal effectiveness of empagliflozin vs. glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: final-year results from the EMPRISE study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:57. [PMID: 38331813 PMCID: PMC10854040 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No randomized clinical trials have directly compared the cardiorenal effectiveness of empagliflozin and GLP-1RA agents with demonstrated cardioprotective effects in patients with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular risk. We reported the final-year results of the EMPRISE study, a monitoring program designed to evaluate the cardiorenal effectiveness of empagliflozin across broad patient subgroups. METHODS We identified patients ≥ 18 years old with type 2 diabetes who initiated empagliflozin or GLP-1RA from 2014 to 2019 using US Medicare and commercial claims databases. After 1:1 propensity score matching using 143 baseline characteristics, we evaluated risks of outcomes including myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE - MI, stroke, or cardiovascular mortality), a composite of HHF or cardiovascular mortality, and progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) (in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-4). We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and rate differences (RD) per 1,000 person-years, overall and within subgroups of age, sex, baseline atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and heart failure (HF). RESULTS We identified 141,541 matched pairs. Compared with GLP-1RA, empagliflozin was associated with similar risks of MI or stroke [HR: 0.99 (0.92, 1.07); RD: -0.23 (-1.25, 0.79)], and lower risks of HHF [HR: 0.50 (0.44, 0.56); RD: -2.28 (-2.98, -1.59)], MACE [HR: 0.90 (0.82, 0.99); RD: -2.54 (-4.76, -0.32)], cardiovascular mortality or HHF [HR: 0.77 (0.69, 0.86); RD: -4.11 (-5.95, -2.29)], and ESKD [0.75 (0.60, 0.94); RD: -6.77 (-11.97, -1.61)]. Absolute risk reductions were larger in older patients and in those with baseline ASCVD/HF. They did not differ by sex. CONCLUSIONS The cardiovascular benefits of empagliflozin vs. cardioprotective GLP-1RA agents were larger in older patients and in patients with history of ASCVD or HF, while they did not differ by sex. In patients with advanced CKD, empagliflozin was associated with risk reductions of progression to ESKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phyo T Htoo
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont Street, Suite 3030, Boston, MA, 02120, USA
| | - Helen Tesfaye
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont Street, Suite 3030, Boston, MA, 02120, USA
| | - Sebastian Schneeweiss
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont Street, Suite 3030, Boston, MA, 02120, USA
| | - Deborah J Wexler
- Massachusetts General Hospital Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Brendan M Everett
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont Street, Suite 3030, Boston, MA, 02120, USA
| | - Niklas Schmedt
- Global Epidemiology, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH (Germany) DE, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisette Koeneman
- Global Medical Affairs, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Anouk Déruaz-Luyet
- Global Epidemiology, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH (Germany) DE, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julie M Paik
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont Street, Suite 3030, Boston, MA, 02120, USA
- Division of Renal (Kidney) Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisabetta Patorno
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont Street, Suite 3030, Boston, MA, 02120, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen CY, Pan SW, Hsu CC, Liu JJ, Kumamaru H, Dong YH. Comparative cardiovascular safety of LABA/LAMA FDC versus LABA/ICS FDC in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based cohort study with a target trial emulation framework. Respir Res 2023; 24:239. [PMID: 37775734 PMCID: PMC10543303 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of combinations of long-acting β2 agonists/long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LABA/LAMA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing. Nevertheless, existing evidence on cardiovascular risk associated with LABA/LAMA versus another dual combination, LABA/inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), was limited and discrepant. AIM The present cohort study aimed to examine comparative cardiovascular safety of LABA/LAMA and LABA/ICS with a target trial emulation framework, focusing on dual fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapies. METHODS We identified patients with COPD who initiated LABA/LAMA FDC or LABA/ICS FDC from a nationwide Taiwanese database during 2017-2020. The outcome of interest was a hospitalized composite cardiovascular events of acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, cardiac dysrhythmia, and ischemic stroke. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for composite and individual cardiovascular events after matching up to five LABA/LAMA FDC initiators to one LABA/ICS FDC initiator using propensity scores (PS). RESULTS Among 75,926 PS-matched patients, use of LABA/LAMA FDC did not show a higher cardiovascular risk compared to use of LABA/ICS FDC, with a HR of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78-1.01) for the composite events, 0.80 (95% CI, 0.61-1.05) for acute myocardial infarction, 1.48 (95% CI, 0.68-3.25) for unstable angina, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.80-1.24) for congestive heart failure, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.37-1.05) for cardiac dysrhythmia, and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.66-1.02) for ischemic stroke. The results did not vary substantially in several pre-specified sensitivity and subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION Our findings provide important reassurance about comparative cardiovascular safety of LABA/LAMA FDC treatment among patients with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Pan
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason J Liu
- Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hiraku Kumamaru
- Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yaa-Hui Dong
- Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scheen AJ. Do SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists modulate differently the risk of stroke ? Discordance between randomised controlled trials and observational studies. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2023; 49:101474. [PMID: 37678760 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2023.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Stroke represents a major burden in patients with type 2 diabetes, yet this cerebrovascular complication has been less carefully investigated than the risk of cardiovascular mortality, heart failure and renal disease. Some data suggested that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) exert a better protection against stroke than sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is). However, this conclusion was derived from indirect comparisons in absence of any head-to-head randomised controlled trial (RCT). The present comprehensive review compares the effects of SGLT2is versus GLP-1RAs on nonfatal and fatal/nonfatal strokes in network meta-analyses of RCTs (mostly cardiovascular outcome trials) versus placebo, on the one hand, and in real-life observational cohort studies, on the other hand. Whereas network meta-analyses of placebo-controlled RCTs confirm a slight but significant (in 11 out of 13 meta-analyses) higher incidence of stroke in patients treated with SGLT2is compared with those treated with GLP-1RAs, a large majority of retrospective observational cohort studies (19 out of 21) failed to find any significant difference in the risk of stroke between the two pharmacological classes. Available, yet limited, findings suggest that SGLT2is may be more efficacious against haemorrhagic than ischaemic strokes, in patients at risk for atrial fibrillation and in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André J Scheen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Liège University, Liège, Belgium; Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee YC, Dong YH, Yang WS, Wu LC, Lin JW, Chang CH. Risk of major adverse limb events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:869804. [PMID: 36176438 PMCID: PMC9513310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.869804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Both sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have cardiovascular protective effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the comparative risk of GLP-1RA versus SGLT-2i for major adverse limb events remains unknown. Materials and methods: We studied a nationwide cohort involving 123,048 diabetes patients 20–100 years of age who initiated a SGLT-2i or GLP-1RA during 2012 and 2017. The patients in the two groups were matched by propensity score (PS), and incidence rates for hospitalization for major adverse limb events, critical limb ischemia (CLI) and lower extremity amputation (LEA), were assessed. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) between patients receiving SGLT-2i as compared with GLP-1RA. The modification effects of age, a history of established cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease were examined. In addition, use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) was chosen as a second active comparator. Results: After PS-matching, a total of 13,378 SGLT-2i and 13,378 GLP-1RA initiators were identified. Use of SGLT-2i was not associated with an increased risk for hospitalization for CLI and LEA, either compared with GLP-1RA (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.77–1.65 and 1.27; 95% CI, 0.63–2.55, respectively) or compared with DPP-4i use (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.75–1.50 and HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.42–1.53, respectively). Although the study was underpowered to explore potential effect modification, a trend of higher risks for LEA was noted among SGLT-2i users with cardiovascular disease as compared with either GLP-1RA or DPP-4i. Conclusion: Use of SGLT-2i was not associated with higher risks for hospitalization for CLI and LEA as compared with reference drugs. Further large-scale studies are needed for a precise risk estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chieh Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yaa-Hui Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chiu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Wei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jou-Wei Lin, ; Chia-Hsuin Chang,
| | - Chia-Hsuin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jou-Wei Lin, ; Chia-Hsuin Chang,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Du L, Li Z, Lan P, Huang H, Cheng W. Effectiveness of SGLT2is vs. GLP-1RAs on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes in T2D patients according to CVD status. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1011535. [PMID: 36148068 PMCID: PMC9485680 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1011535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Du
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Du
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Lan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huayu Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wende Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Du L, Qin J, Wang D, Zhao Y, Xu N, Wu C. Commentary: SGLT2is vs. GLP1RAs reduce cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:987025. [PMID: 35990975 PMCID: PMC9386073 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.987025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Du
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Du
| | - Jiao Qin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengchuan Wang
- Office of Medical Ethics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunhui Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaowen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|