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Haberman N, Cheung R, Pizza G, Cvetesic N, Nagy D, Maude H, Blazquez L, Lenhard B, Cebola I, Rutter GA, Martinez-Sanchez A. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) regulates the epigenetic landscape of mouse pancreatic beta cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23885. [PMID: 39139039 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202401078r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1/STK11) is an important regulator of pancreatic β-cell identity and function. Elimination of Lkb1 from the β-cell results in improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and is accompanied by profound changes in gene expression, including the upregulation of several neuronal genes. The mechanisms through which LKB1 controls gene expression are, at present, poorly understood. Here, we explore the impact of β cell-selective deletion of Lkb1 on chromatin accessibility in mouse pancreatic islets. To characterize the role of LKB1 in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level, we combine these data with a map of islet active transcription start sites and histone marks. We demonstrate that LKB1 elimination from β-cells results in widespread changes in chromatin accessibility, correlating with changes in transcript levels. Changes occurred in hundreds of promoter and enhancer regions, many of which were close to neuronal genes. We reveal that dysregulated enhancers are enriched in binding motifs for transcription factors (TFs) important for β-cell identity, such as FOXA, MAFA or RFX6, and we identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are regulated by LKB1 at the transcriptional level. Overall, our study provides important new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms by which LKB1 regulates β-cell identity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejc Haberman
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Cheung
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Grazia Pizza
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nevena Cvetesic
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dorka Nagy
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Maude
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lorea Blazquez
- Department of Neurosciences, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII (CIBER, Carlos III Institute, Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Innovation), Madrid, Spain
| | - Boris Lenhard
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Inês Cebola
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Lee Kong Chian Medical School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Lafferty RA, Flatt PR, Gault VA, Irwin N. Does glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor blockade as well as agonism have a role to play in management of obesity and diabetes? J Endocrinol 2024; 262:e230339. [PMID: 38861364 PMCID: PMC11301427 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent approval of the dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, tirzepatide, for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has reinvigorated interest in exploitation of GIP receptor (GIPR) pathways as a means of metabolic disease management. However, debate has long surrounded the use of the GIPR as a therapeutic target and whether agonism or antagonism is of most benefit in management of obesity/diabetes. This controversy appears to be partly resolved by the success of tirzepatide. However, emerging studies indicate that prolonged GIPR agonism may desensitise the GIPR to essentially induce receptor antagonism, with this phenomenon suggested to be more pronounced in the human than rodent setting. Thus, deliberation continues to rage in relation to benefits of GIPR agonism vs antagonism. That said, as with GIPR agonism, it is clear that the metabolic advantages of sustained GIPR antagonism in obesity and obesity-driven forms of diabetes can be enhanced by concurrent GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation. This narrative review discusses various approaches of pharmacological GIPR antagonism including small molecule, peptide, monoclonal antibody and peptide-antibody conjugates, indicating stage of development and significance to the field. Taken together, there is little doubt that interesting times lie ahead for GIPR agonism and antagonism, either alone or when combined with GLP-1R agonists, as a therapeutic intervention for the management of obesity and associated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Lafferty
- Diabetes Research Centre, Schools of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, Schools of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victor A Gault
- Diabetes Research Centre, Schools of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Diabetes Research Centre, Schools of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Lopez-Balastegui M, Stepniewski TM, Kogut-Günthel MM, Di Pizio A, Rosenkilde MM, Mao J, Selent J. Relevance of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dynamics for receptor activation, signalling bias and allosteric modulation. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38978399 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the major drug targets. In recent years, computational drug design for GPCRs has mainly focused on static structures obtained through X-ray crystallography, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) or in silico modelling as a starting point for virtual screening campaigns. However, GPCRs are highly flexible entities with the ability to adopt different conformational states that elicit different physiological responses. Including this knowledge in the drug discovery pipeline can help to tailor novel conformation-specific drugs with an improved therapeutic profile. In this review, we outline our current knowledge about GPCR dynamics that is relevant for receptor activation, signalling bias and allosteric modulation. Ultimately, we highlight new technological implementations such as time-resolved X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM as well as computational algorithms that can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of receptor dynamics and its relevance for GPCR functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Balastegui
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute & Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomasz Maciej Stepniewski
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute & Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- InterAx Biotech AG, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair for Chemoinformatics and Protein Modelling, Department of Molecular Life Science, School of Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, København N, Denmark
| | - Jiafei Mao
- Huairou Research Center, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute & Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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Coulter-Parkhill A, Tanday N, Cobice D, McLaughlin CM, McClean S, Gault VA, Irwin N. Sustained metabolic benefits of ΔTRTX-Ac1, a tarantula venom-derived peptide, when administered together with exenatide in high-fat fed mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:329-338. [PMID: 37818589 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term therapeutic efficacy of a recently discovered 28 amino acid peptide, Δ-theraphotoxin-Ac1 (Δ-TRTX-Ac1), originally isolated from venom of the Aphonopelma chalcodes tarantula. Δ-TRTX-Ac has previously been shown to improve pancreatic beta-cell function and suppress appetite. MATERIALS AND METHODS Δ-TRTX-Ac1 was administered twice daily in high-fat fed (HFF) mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced insulin deficiency, namely HFF/STZ mice, for 28 days both alone and in combination with the venom-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetic, exenatide. RESULTS Initial pharmacokinetic profiling of ΔTRTX-Ac1 revealed a plasma half-life of 2 h in mice, with ΔTRTX-Ac1 also evidenced in the pancreas 12 h post-injection. Accordingly, HFF-STZ mice received twice-daily injections of Δ-TRTX-Ac1, exenatide or a combination of both peptides for 28 days. As anticipated, HFF/STZ mice presented with hyperglycaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, decreased plasma and pancreatic insulin and disturbed pancreatic islet morphology. Administration of ΔTRTX-Ac1 reduced body weight, improved glucose tolerance and augmented pancreatic insulin content while decreasing glucagon content. Exenatide had similar benefits on body weight and pancreatic hormone content while also reducing circulating glucose. ΔTRTX-Ac1 decreased energy expenditure on day 28 whereas exenatide had no impact. All treatment regimens restored pancreatic islet and beta-cell area towards lean control levels, which was linked to significantly elevated beta-cell proliferation rates. In terms of benefits of combined ΔTRTX-Ac1 and exenatide treatment over individual agents, there was augmentation of glucose tolerance and ambulatory activity with combination therapy, and these mice presented with increased pancreatic glucagon. CONCLUSION These data highlight the therapeutic promise of ΔTRTX-Ac1 for diabetes, with suggestion that benefits could be enhanced through combined administration with exenatide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Tanday
- Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Diego Cobice
- Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | | | | | - Victor A Gault
- Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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Xiao J, El Eid L, Buenaventura T, Boutry R, Bonnefond A, Jones B, Rutter GA, Froguel P, Tomas A. Control of human pancreatic beta cell kinome by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor biased agonism. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:2105-2119. [PMID: 37039251 PMCID: PMC10947446 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the kinase activity profiles of human pancreatic beta cells downstream of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) balanced versus biased agonist stimulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study analysed the kinomic profiles of human EndoC-βh1 cells following vehicle and GLP-1R stimulation with the pharmacological agonist exendin-4, as well as exendin-4-based biased derivatives exendin-phe1 and exendin-asp3 for acute (10-minute) versus sustained (120-minute) responses, using PamChip protein tyrosine kinase and serine/threonine kinase assays. The raw data were filtered and normalized using BioNavigator. The kinase analyses were conducted with R, mainly including kinase-substrate mapping and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. RESULTS The present analysis reveals that kinomic responses are distinct for acute versus sustained GLP-1R agonist exposure, with individual responses associated with agonists presenting specific bias profiles. According to pathway analysis, several kinases, including JNKs, PKCs, INSR and LKB1, are important GLP-1R signalling mediators, constituting potential targets for further research on biased GLP-1R downstream signalling. CONCLUSION The results from this study suggest that differentially biased exendin-phe1 and exendin-asp3 can modulate distinct kinase interaction networks. Further understanding of these mechanisms will have important implications for the selection of appropriate anti-type 2 diabetes therapies with optimized downstream kinomic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Xiao
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liliane El Eid
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Buenaventura
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raphaël Boutry
- INSERM/CNRS UMR 1283/8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- INSERM/CNRS UMR 1283/8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philippe Froguel
- INSERM/CNRS UMR 1283/8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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