1
|
Ali A, Colombe L, Mélanie P, Agnes P, Meryem N, Samuel R, Guénolé G, Jean‐Hubert C, Rodolphe K, Franck B. Comparison of facial skin ageing in healthy Asian and Caucasian females quantified by in vivo line-field confocal optical coherence tomography 3D imaging. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13643. [PMID: 39221700 PMCID: PMC11367555 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative biomarkers of facial skin aging were investigated in 109 healthy Asian female volunteers, aged 20 to 70 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo 3D Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) imaging, enhanced by Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based quantification algorithms, was utilized to compute various metrics, including stratum corneum thickness (SC), viable epidermal (VE) thickness, and Dermal-Epidermal Junction (DEJ) undulation along with cellular metrics for the temple, cheekbone, and mandible. RESULTS Comparison with data from a cohort of healthy Caucasian volunteers revealed similarities in the variations of stratum corneum and viable epidermis layers, as well as cellular shape and size with age in both ethnic groups. However, specific findings emerged, such as larger, more heterogeneous nuclei in both layers, demonstrated by an increase in nuclei volume and their standard deviation, and increased network atypia, all showing significant age-related variations. Caucasian females exhibited a flatter and more homogeneous epidermis, evidenced by a decreased standard deviation of the number of layers, and a less dense cellular network with fewer cells per layer, indicated by a decrease in cell surface density. CONCLUSION Ethnicity-wise comparisons highlighted distinct biological features specific to each population. Asian individuals showed significantly higher DEJ undulation, higher compactness, and lower cell network atypia compared to their Caucasian counterparts across age groups. Differences in stratum corneum and viable epidermal thickness on the cheekbone were also significant. LC-OCT 3D imaging provides valuable insights into the aging process in different populations and underscores inherent biological differences between Caucasian and Asian female volunteers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assi Ali
- LVMH Recherche, Saint Jean de BrayeParisFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Somenek M. Minimally Invasive Male Facial Rejuvenation: Energy-Based Devices. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2024; 32:437-445. [PMID: 38937001 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The development of minimally invasive, non-surgical, and office-based procedures that have minimal downtime has stimulated an interest among men who may seek cosmetic treatments to increase competitiveness and appear youthful in the workplace. There has also been greater media attention on the male appearance and grooming along with increasing acceptance of cosmetic procedures within society. Achieving a successful cosmetic treatment in a male patient requires the physician to recognize the gender differences that exist. These include anatomy, skin aging, and skin biology, as well as behavioral patterns that exist in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Somenek
- Somenek+Pittman MD, Advanced Plastic Surgery, 2440 M Street NW, Suite 507, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang E, Kang D, Kim S, Choi K, Lee W, Cho J. Development and Validation of Facial Line Distress Scale for Forehead Lines: FINE-FL. Aesthet Surg J 2024; 44:NP225-NP232. [PMID: 37934866 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forehead lines (FL) are one of the main signs of aging. Traditional tools to measure FL have limited ability to evaluate the multidimensional impact of these lines on appearance, confidence, and psychological and social relationships. OBJECTIVES We developed and validated the Facial Line Distress Scale-Forehead Lines (FINE-FL) to evaluate the severity and psychosocial distress associated with FL. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey for FINE-FL psychometric validation at a tertiary hospital and 2 local clinics in Korea. First, a preliminary item pool for the FINE-FL was developed through a qualitative interview based on literature reviews and expert consultations. Second, cognitive interviews and a pilot test were conducted to evaluate comprehension, ease of response, acceptability of terminology, phrasing, and response options. FINE-FL consisted of 26 items. In this study, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the underlying factor structure of the FINE-FL, and internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also examined. RESULTS We found 21 items in 4 domains. The model fit was good. Coefficient αs ranged from 0.89 to 0.95 for subdomains and 0.96 for the total. The FINE-FL was moderately correlated with the appearance appraisal score. On the test-retest, the range of the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.65 to 0.79. CONCLUSIONS FINE-FL is a reliable, valid, and comprehensive patient-reported outcome measure for assessing FL severity and distress. This will be helpful in determining a patient's eligibility for inclusion in a study and measuring primary or secondary effectiveness endpoints for forehead line treatment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang B, Li S, Long X, Liu Z, Yu N, Wang X. Re-recognition of the role of roughness in keloid assessment. Burns 2024; 50:204-211. [PMID: 37945507 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under visual observation, keloids are more rough than normal skin. This roughness may be used to assess the activity and severity of keloids but lacks the support of objective and accurate evidence. The purpose of this study was to verify the role of roughness in the development of keloids and to clarify the advantage of roughness in the comprehensive assessment of keloids. METHODS Patients with keloids who attended Peking Union Medical College Hospital were recruited. Keloids were classified into progressive, stable, and atrophic stages based on the change in size over the past year and blood perfusion. The keloids were evaluated using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). The roughnesses of the keloid and normal skin were measured using the Phaseshift Rapid In vivo Measurement Of the Skin (PRIMOS), and blood perfusion was measured using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). RESULTS Thirty-three patients with a total of 81 keloids were included. The surface roughness values Sa, Sq, and Sz of the keloid region were 243.70 (143.85-328.05), 316.20 (179.85-475.20), and 1708.20 (1098.30-4087.20), respectively, which were 4.87, 4.80, and 3.08 times higher than those of normal skin. There were significant differences in roughness among the different keloid stages. A significantly strong correlation between roughness and other assessed indices was found. CONCLUSIONS Roughness as a morphological characteristic is of great value in the evaluation of keloids. It is recommended as an important examination for keloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hwang K. Crow's Feet in Men: A Symbol of Achievements Left Behind. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:274. [PMID: 37678225 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hwang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-do, and Ewha Medical Academy, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Systems biology of human aging: A Fibonacci time series model. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:24-33. [PMID: 36265693 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fractals are everywhere in nature, particularly at the interfaces where matter or energy must be transferred, since they maximize surface area while minimizing energy losses. Temporal fractals have been well studied at micro scales in human biology, but have received comparatively little attention at broader macro scales. In this paper, we describe a fractal time series model of human aging from a systems biology perspective. This model examines how intrinsic aging rates are shaped by entropy and Fibonacci fractal dynamics, with implications for the emergence of key life cycle traits. This proposition is supported by research findings. The finding of an intrinsic aging rate rooted in Fibonacci fractal dynamics represents a new predictive paradigm in evolutionary biology.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
People with self-reported sensitive skin may reluctantly use performing anti-ageing skin care products as it could elicit skin discomfort. We thus aimed to design and test an anti-ageing skin care routine that is suitable for people reporting sensitive skin. Key principles for developing products for sensitive skin were applied and formulas were screened for their mildness in vitro using the Reconstructed Human Epidermis ET50 method. Anti-ageing efficacy and mildness was evaluated during a clinical study in China, with 33 female volunteers aged 40–65 years, with sensitive skin. The anti-ageing benefits were measured using Primos 3D, the cutometer and clinical evaluation. Hallmarks for sensitive skin such as skin hydration, skin barrier, skin redness and response to lactic acid were also measured. The ET50 method yielded values suggesting moderate to mild expected irritancy effect in vivo for most of them, and non-irritating effect for the serum. During the clinical study, no physical or functional signs of discomfort were reported with twice-daily usage of the routine. Instrumental evaluation of Wrinkle depth, skin elasticity/firmness, skin hydration, skin barrier and skin redness revealed improvement at 4 and 8 weeks. Clinical evaluation evidenced skin smoothness, skin suppleness and radiance improvements. The skin was less reactive to lactic acid stimuli, while the sensitive skin burden was lowered according to the dermatological quality of life index. Lastly, a separate investigation suggested the potential relief aspect of such routines to alleviate discomforts from mask wearing. With the right formulation design, the benefits of layering products from a routine can be made accessible to people with sensitive skin while simultaneously alleviating the burden of sensitive skin.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nilforoushzadeh MA, Fakhim T, Heidari-Kharaji M, Torkamaniha E, Nouri M, Roohaninasab M, Behrangi E, Hanifnia A, Goodarzi A. "Endolift laser an effective treatment modality for forehead wrinkles and frown line". J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:2463-2468. [PMID: 35226785 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The search of beauty and youth has received a lot of attention which is proved by increasing cosmetic techniques. The people prefer non-surgical and invasive method for reduction and wrinkles treatment. In this study we used Endolift laser for forehead wrinkles and frown line treatment to evaluate the clinical safety and effectiveness of this technique for reduction of forehead wrinkles and frown line. A total of 9 patients with forehead wrinkles and frown line were included in the current study. The results were investigated using biometric evaluation. Also, assessment was performed clinically, photographically and physician's assessment and patient satisfaction responses were recorded. According to the biometric results the skin thickness and elasticity significantly increase after Endolift laser treatment. Acording tothe physician's assessment, 90 % of patients displayed very much improved after Endolift laser treatment and according to the patient assessment 91% of patients reported positive satisfaction response. Treatment with Endolift laser is safe and an effective method for decrease of forehead wrinkles and frown line treatment. It offers as a non-invasive alternative technique in compared to other invasive procedures for forehead wrinkles and frown line treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Fakhim
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Heidari-Kharaji
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center, Tehran, Iran.,Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie (CAFSB), Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elham Torkamaniha
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University, Kish Branch, Iran
| | - Maryam Nouri
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Roohaninasab
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behrangi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Glogau R, Kontis TC, Liu Y, Gallagher CJ. Progressive Improvement in Static Glabellar Lines After Repeated Treatment With DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:1579-1584. [PMID: 34417396 PMCID: PMC8612903 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection (DAXI) is a novel botulinum toxin in development that has demonstrated efficacy on dynamic glabellar lines. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of repeated DAXI treatment on static glabellar lines. METHODS This post hoc analysis included adults with moderate or severe dynamic glabellar lines who were treated with 40U DAXI in the SAKURA clinical program. Glabellar line severity was evaluated through validated subject and investigator scales. RESULTS Overall, 568 subjects received 3 DAXI treatments. Most subjects were White (92.3%) and female (85.7%). At baseline, 9.0% and 27.3% of subjects had no static glabellar lines based on subject and investigator assessment, respectively. Four weeks after DAXI Treatment Cycle 1, the proportion of subjects with no static glabellar lines increased to 57.9% and 64.8% based on subject and investigator assessment, respectively. At Week 4 after DAXI Treatment Cycles 2 and 3, the proportion further increased to 68.7% and 71.5%, respectively, based on subject assessment and 75.0% and 77.6% based on investigator assessment. CONCLUSION Subjects who received repeated DAXI treatment showed progressive improvement in their static glabellar lines. The extended duration of therapeutic benefit with DAXI on dynamic glabellar lines likely provides a long period of muscle inactivity/hypoactivity, during which dermal remodeling can occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Glogau
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Theda C. Kontis
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yan Liu
- Revance Therapeutics, Inc, Newark, California
| | - Conor J. Gallagher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Revance Therapeutics, Inc, Newark, California
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Taxonomic profiling of skin microbiome and correlation with clinical skin parameters in healthy Koreans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16269. [PMID: 34381083 PMCID: PMC8358022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in skin microbiome differences by ethnicity, age, and gender is increasing. Compared to other ethnic groups, studies on the skin microbiome of Koreans remains insufficient; we investigated facial skin microbiome characteristics according to gender and age among Koreans. Fifty-one healthy participants were recruited, the facial skin characteristics of each donor were investigated, their skin bacterial DNA was isolated and metagenomic analysis was performed. The donors were divided into two groups for age and sex each to analyze their skin microbiomes. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between the skin microbiome and clinical characteristics. The alpha diversity of the skin microbiome was significantly higher in the elderly, and beta diversity was significantly different according to age. The comparative skin microbials showed that the genus Lawsonella was more abundant in the younger age group, and Enhydrobacter was predominant in the older age group. Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium were more abundant in males, while Lactobacillus was more abundant in females. Lawsonella had a negative correlation with skin moisture and brown spots. Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium both had negative correlations with the number of UV spots and positive correlations with transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Furthermore, Staphylococcus aureus had a negative correlation with skin moisture parameters.
Collapse
|
11
|
Goldie K, Kerscher M, Fabi SG, Hirano C, Landau M, Lim TS, Woolery-Lloyd H, Mariwalla K, Park JY, Yutskovskaya Y. Skin Quality - A Holistic 360° View: Consensus Results. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:643-654. [PMID: 34163203 PMCID: PMC8214518 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s309374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Skin quality is an important component of human attractiveness. To date, there are no standardized criteria for good skin quality. To establish a consensus for good skin quality parameters and measurement and treatment options, a virtual skin quality advisory board consisting of a global panel of highly experienced aesthetic dermatologists/aesthetic physicians was convened. Methods A total of 10 dermatologists/aesthetic physicians served on the advisory board. A modified version of the Delphi method was used to arrive at consensus. Members accessed an online platform to review statements on skin quality criteria from their peers, including treatment and measurement options, and voted to indicate whether they agreed or disagreed. Statements that did not have agreement were modified and the members voted again. Consensus was defined as: strong consensus = greater than 95% agreement; consensus = 75% to 95% agreement; majority consent = 50% to 75% agreement; no consensus = less than 50% agreement. Results There was strong consensus that good skin quality is defined as healthy, youthful in appearance (appearing younger than a person's chronological age), undamaged skin and that skin quality can be described across all ethnicities by four emergent perceptual categories (EPCs): skin tone evenness, skin surface evenness, skin firmness, and skin glow. The EPCs can be affected by multiple tissue layers (ie, skin surface quality can stem from and be impacted by deep structures or tissues). This means that topical approaches may not be sufficient. Instead, improving skin quality EPCs can require a multilayer treatment strategy. Conclusion This global advisory board established strong consensus that skin quality can be described by four EPCs, which can help clinicians determine the appropriate treatment option(s) and the tissue or skin layer(s) to address. Skin quality is important to human health and wellbeing and patients' perception for the need for aesthetic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Kerscher
- Division of Cosmetic Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Cyro Hirano
- Division of Dermatology General Polyclinic of Rio de Janeiro, Private Practice, CD Clinica Dermatologica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina Landau
- Dermatology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | | | - Heather Woolery-Lloyd
- Department of Ethnic Skin Care, University of Miami Cosmetic Medicine and Research Institute, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Je-Young Park
- Apkoo-Jung Department, Oracle Dermatology Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yana Yutskovskaya
- Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology Department, Pacific State Medical University of Health, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Estaji M, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Movahedin M, Ghaffari Khaligh S. Non-invasive evaluation of elasticity of skin with the processing of ultrasound images during ultraviolet radiation: An animal photoaging model. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 37:131-139. [PMID: 33098351 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide a non-invasive imaging method to evaluate the physical and mechanical parameters as a novelty method during skin photoaging. METHODS In order to evaluate the process of skin damage, 25 mice (C57BL6) were exposed to UVB radiation (0.03 mW/cm2 ), 5 times a week for 5 weeks. The thickness of the epidermal and dermal layers was measured weekly from the ultrasound images (40 MHz). The elastic parameters of the skin were estimated from the processing of the sequential ultrasound images with the motion detection algorithm during the injury generation process. RESULTS The thickening, Young modulus, and shear modulus of the dermal and epidermal layers during the UVB damage process significantly increased during the 5-week study period (P < .05). In addition, the percentage of changes in the thickness of the epidermal layer (0.22 ± 0.01 mm in day 0 to 0.37 ± 0.02 mm in day 35) and dermal layer (0.57 ± 0.05 mm in day 0 to 0.90 ± 0.08 mm in day 35) increased by 68% and 57%, respectively. Furthermore, Young modulus (154.41 ± 8.8 kPa) was 11 times more than that of non-irradiated skin (14.90 ± 2.2 kPa) and the shear modulus (2.33 ± 0.04 kPa) was 2.2 times more than non-irradiated skin (1.06 ± 0.04 kPa). CONCLUSION With processing the sequential ultrasound images and extracting the thickening, the elasticity of the skin layers can detect skin lesions by UVB radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohadese Estaji
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Movahedin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Ghaffari Khaligh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vairavan R, Abdullah O, Retnasamy PB, Sauli Z, Shahimin MM, Retnasamy V. A Brief Review on Breast Carcinoma and Deliberation on Current Non Invasive Imaging Techniques for Detection. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 15:85-121. [PMID: 31975658 DOI: 10.2174/1573405613666170912115617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma is a life threatening disease that accounts for 25.1% of all carcinoma among women worldwide. Early detection of the disease enhances the chance for survival. DISCUSSION This paper presents comprehensive report on breast carcinoma disease and its modalities available for detection and diagnosis, as it delves into the screening and detection modalities with special focus placed on the non-invasive techniques and its recent advancement work done, as well as a proposal on a novel method for the application of early breast carcinoma detection. CONCLUSION This paper aims to serve as a foundation guidance for the reader to attain bird's eye understanding on breast carcinoma disease and its current non-invasive modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendaran Vairavan
- School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Othman Abdullah
- Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, 08000 Sg. Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - Zaliman Sauli
- School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mukhzeer Mohamad Shahimin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vithyacharan Retnasamy
- School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hennekam RCM. The external phenotype of aging. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103995. [PMID: 32726674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is widely studied as a physiological process. Segmental aging can also occur prematurely in Mendelian disorders, and these can act this way as excellent sources of information, specifically for the underlying mechanisms. Adequate recognition of such aging characteristics in Mendelian disorders needs a well-defined phenotype of aging. Here the external phenotype of aging is described that can be recognized in the consulting room without major additional studies. Existing definitions of the signs and symptoms in Elements of Morphology or Human Phenotype Ontology are added or a new definition is suggested if none is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul C M Hennekam
- Department of Paediatrics, Room H7-236, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Enright KM, Nikolis A. In vivo determination of the skin surface topography and biophysical properties of human hands: Effects of sex and hand dominance. Skin Res Technol 2019; 26:277-283. [PMID: 31628686 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of hand dominance on the skin topography and parameters associated with skin health and aging is unknown. METHODS Healthy adult volunteers were recruited. The following four strata were enrolled: Group 1: male, right handed; Group 2: male, left handed; Group 3: female, right handed; and Group 4: female, left handed. The differences between groups on their surface evaluation of living skin (SELS) parameters were evaluated. These variables included (a) roughness (SER); (b) smoothness (SESM); (c) scaliness (SESC); and (d) wrinkles (SEW). RESULTS A total of twenty subjects were recruited, with five in each stratum. Significant differences between groups were found for SESC [F(7,31) = 2.742, P = .024, partial eta squared = 0.382] and SEW [F(7,31) = 3.705, P = .005, partial eta squared = 0.456]. An evaluation of the descriptive statistics revealed that males had a higher mean SESC value than females and a lower mean SEW value. Moreover, the dominant hand of both sexes had a higher mean SEW value than non-dominant hands. CONCLUSIONS Given the evidence of sex and handedness differences in wrinkle genesis and desquamation severity, these factors should be considered in the dermatological treatment and counseling of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Enright
- Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Unit, Erevna Innovations Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada.,Victoria Park Research Unit, Westmount, QC, Canada
| | - Andreas Nikolis
- Research Unit, Erevna Innovations Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada.,Victoria Park Research Unit, Westmount, QC, Canada.,Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dermal subcision of Nemoto’s ligaments as a long-lasting treatment for forehead and glabellar wrinkles. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-018-1453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Static Horizontal Forehead Lines. Dermatol Surg 2017; 42 Suppl 1:S243-S250. [PMID: 27661747 PMCID: PMC5671802 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of static forehead lines before and after treatment in practice and clinical studies. OBJECTIVE To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Forehead Lines Scale. METHODS The Allergan Forehead Lines Scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each scale grade. The clinical significance of a 1-point score difference was evaluated in a review of multiple image pairs representing varying differences in severity. Interrater and intrarater reliability was evaluated in a live-subject validation study (N = 295) completed during 2 sessions occurring 3 weeks apart. RESULTS A difference of ≥1 point on the scale was shown to reflect a clinically significant difference (mean [95% confidence interval] absolute score difference, 1.06 [0.91–1.21] for clinically different image pairs and 0.38 [0.26–0.51] for not clinically different pairs). Intrarater agreement between the 2 live-subject validation sessions was almost perfect (mean weighted kappa = 0.87). Interrater agreement was almost perfect during the second rating session (0.86, primary end point). CONCLUSION The Allergan Forehead Lines Scale is a validated and reliable scale for physician rating of static horizontal forehead lines.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kurosumi M, Mizukoshi K. Principal component analysis of three-dimensional face shape: Identifying shape features that change with age. Skin Res Technol 2017; 24:213-222. [PMID: 29139154 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The types of shape feature that constitutes a face have not been comprehensively established, and most previous studies of age-related changes in facial shape have focused on individual characteristics, such as wrinkle, sagging skin, etc. In this study, we quantitatively measured differences in face shape between individuals and investigated how shape features changed with age. METHODS We analyzed three-dimensionally the faces of 280 Japanese women aged 20-69 years and used principal component analysis to establish the shape features that characterized individual differences. We also evaluated the relationships between each feature and age, clarifying the shape features characteristic of different age groups. RESULTS Changes in facial shape in middle age were a decreased volume of the upper face and increased volume of the whole cheeks and around the chin. Changes in older people were an increased volume of the lower cheeks and around the chin, sagging skin, and jaw distortion. CONCLUSION Principal component analysis was effective for identifying facial shape features that represent individual and age-related differences. This method allowed straightforward measurements, such as the increase or decrease in cheeks caused by soft tissue changes or skeletal-based changes to the forehead or jaw, simply by acquiring three-dimensional facial images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kurosumi
- Skin Research Department, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - K Mizukoshi
- Skin Research Department, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender is one of the most significant factors that influence facial anatomy and behavior, both key factors in the aging process. OBJECTIVE To review male facial anatomy, physiology, and behavior and how it contributes to sexual dimorphism in facial aging. METHODS A MEDLINE search was performed for publications on gender differences in facial anatomy, aging, cutaneous physiology, and behavior. RESULTS There are differences in both intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors in men. Men have a thicker epidermis and dermis with more active cutaneous appendages including hair growth. Male skin has a reduced antioxidant capacity and increased ultraviolet-induced immunosuppression. The male face is larger and has a unique square shape with less subcutaneous soft tissue, especially at the medial cheek. Men are also more prone to smoking and exhibiting poor sun-protective behavior. The differences in intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors contribute to poor facial aging in men. Men develop more severe rhytides in a unique pattern, show increased periocular aging changes, and are more prone to hair loss. CONCLUSION This review provides insight into the factors contributing to accelerated male facial aging. Understanding gender differences in aging will help physicians tailor cosmetic treatments for men and minimize extrinsic aging factors.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hamer MA, Pardo LM, Jacobs LC, Ikram MA, Laven JS, Kayser M, Hollestein LM, Gunn DA, Nijsten T. Lifestyle and Physiological Factors Associated with Facial Wrinkling in Men and Women. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1692-1699. [PMID: 28392345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Facial wrinkling is one of the most notable signs of skin aging. Men and women show different wrinkling patterns yet the lifestyle and physiological factors underlying these sex-specific patterns are relatively unknown. Here, we investigated sex-specific determinants for facial wrinkles. Wrinkle area was quantified digitally using facial photographs of 3,831 northwestern Europeans (51-98 years, 58% female). Effect estimates from multivariable linear regressions are presented as the percentage difference in the mean value of wrinkle area per unit increase of a determinant (%Δ). Wrinkle area was higher in men (median 4.5%, interquartile range: 2.9-6.3) than in women (3.6%, interquartile range: 2.2-5.6). Age was the strongest determinant, and current smoking (men: 15.5%Δ; women: 30.9%Δ) and lower body mass index (men: 1.7%Δ; women: 1.8%Δ) were also statistically significantly associated with increased wrinkling. Pale skin color showed a protective effect (men: -21.0%Δ; women: -28.5%Δ) and, in men, sunburn tendency was associated with less wrinkling. In women, low educational levels and alcohol use were associated with more wrinkling, whereas female pattern hair loss and a higher free androgen index were associated with less wrinkling. In summary, we validated known and identified additional determinants for wrinkling. Skin aging-reducing strategies should incorporate the sex differences found in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merel A Hamer
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luba M Pardo
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie C Jacobs
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joop S Laven
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes M Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David A Gunn
- Unilever Research and Development, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wan Nor Haimi WM, Tan CH, Retnasamy V, Vairavan R, Sauli Z, Yusof NR, Hambali NAMA, Aziz MHA, Bakhit ASA. Digital fringe projection for hand surface coordinate variation analysis caused by osteoarthritis. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201716201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
23
|
Ma L, Tan Y, Zheng S, Li J, Jiang C, Chen Z, Wang X. Correlation study between image features and mechanical properties of Han Chinese facial skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 39:93-100. [PMID: 27490521 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Ma
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - Y. Tan
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - S. Zheng
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - J. Li
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - C. Jiang
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - Z. Chen
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - X. Wang
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hamer MA, Jacobs LC, Lall JS, Wollstein A, Hollestein LM, Rae AR, Gossage KW, Hofman A, Liu F, Kayser M, Nijsten T, Gunn DA. Validation of image analysis techniques to measure skin aging features from facial photographs. Skin Res Technol 2015; 21:392-402. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Hamer
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) - sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA); Leiden The Netherlands
| | - L. C. Jacobs
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) - sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA); Leiden The Netherlands
| | - J. S. Lall
- Unilever Research and Development; Colworth Science Park; Sharnbrook UK
| | - A. Wollstein
- Section of Evolutionary Biology; Department of Biology II; University of Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - L. M. Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - A. Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - F. Liu
- Department of Forensic Molecular Biology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Kayser
- Department of Forensic Molecular Biology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - T. Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) - sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA); Leiden The Netherlands
| | - D. A. Gunn
- Unilever Research and Development; Colworth Science Park; Sharnbrook UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Imaizumi K, Taniguchi K, Ogawa Y, Matsuzaki K, Nagata T, Mochimaru M, Kouchi M. Three-dimensional analyses of aging-induced alterations in facial shape: a longitudinal study of 171 Japanese males. Int J Legal Med 2014; 129:385-93. [PMID: 25381651 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-014-1114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We sought to generate data to facilitate forensic facial comparisons. Specifically, we conducted a longitudinal study of alterations in face shape induced by aging. We obtained two three-dimensional facial shape measurements in 171 Japanese males at intervals of approximately 10 years. With this data, we created a homologous model consisting of 10,741 data points for each face based on 33 anatomical landmarks. We averaged the movements of corresponding data points between the two homologous models for each individual and used this data to predict up to 30 years of face aging in an average Japanese male. We clearly identified aging-induced shape changes, such as drooping and denting of the facial folds, drooping of the upper lip, and projection of the lower eyelid, in the virtually aged model. A quantitative comparison of aging-induced shape alterations among three age groups (individuals in their 20's, 30's, and 40-50's) showed that these alterations accelerated more quickly as age increased. Using our predictive model, we conducted a preliminary study focused on facial shape alterations induced by reductions in body weight. Our findings indicated that our proposed method would also be valid for this purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Imaizumi
- Second Forensic Biology Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|