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Haghsay Khashechi E, Afaghmehr A, Heydari N, Barfar A, Shokri J. Laser-mediated Solutions: Breaking Barriers in Transdermal Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:142. [PMID: 38898170 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases pose challenges in treatment due to the skin's complex structure and protective functions. Topical drug delivery has emerged as a preferred method for treating these conditions, offering localized therapy with minimal systemic side effects. However, the skin's barrier properties frequently limit topical treatments' efficacy by preventing drug penetration into deeper skin layers. In recent years, laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) has gained attention as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. LADD involves using lasers to create microchannels in the skin, facilitating the deposition of drugs and enhancing their penetration into the target tissue. Several lasers, such as fractional CO2, have been tested to see how well they work at delivering drugs. Despite the promising outcomes demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies, several challenges persist in implementing LADD, including limited penetration depth, potential tissue damage, and the cost of LADD systems. Furthermore, selecting appropriate laser parameters and drug formulations is crucial to ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, LADD holds significant potential for improving treatment efficacy for various skin conditions, including skin cancers, scars, and dermatological disorders. Future research efforts should focus on optimizing LADD techniques, addressing safety concerns, and exploring novel drug formulations to maximize the therapeutic benefits of this innovative approach. With continued advancements in laser technology and pharmaceutical science, LADD has the potential to revolutionize the field of dermatology and enhance patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niloofar Heydari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ashkan Barfar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Shokri
- Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Bronte J, Zhou C, Vempati A, Tam C, Khong J, Hazany S, Hazany S. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Surgical Treatments for Hypertrophic and Keloid Scars in Skin of Color. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1459-1469. [PMID: 38911337 PMCID: PMC11193462 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s470997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic and keloid scars are fibroproliferative growths resulting from aberrant wound healing. Individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types (FSTs) IV-VI are particularly predisposed to hypertrophic and keloid scarring, yet specific guidelines for these populations are still lacking within the literature. Therefore, this comprehensive review provides a list of various treatments and considerations for hypertrophic and keloid scarring in patients with skin of color. We constructed a comprehensive PubMed search term and performed quadruple-blinded screening on all resulting studies to achieve this objective. Our findings demonstrate 1) the lack of efficacious treatments for raised scars within this population and 2) the need to empirically investigate individualized and multimodal therapeutic options for those with skin of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Bronte
- Department of Research, Scar Healing Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Crystal Zhou
- Department of Research, Scar Healing Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Abhinav Vempati
- Department of Research, Scar Healing Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Curtis Tam
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Khong
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanam Hazany
- Department of Research, Scar Healing Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Salar Hazany
- Department of Research, Scar Healing Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Wang J, Yu Q, Zhou Q, Tao M, Cao Y, Yang X. Application of fractional carbon dioxide laser monotherapy in keloids: A meta-analysis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38251806 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no evidence-based guidance on the use of fractional CO2 laser in the excision of scars. AIM To explore the effectiveness and safety of fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of keloids. METHODS In this meta-analysis, we searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from inception to April 2023. We only included studies reporting fractional CO2 laser treatment of keloids. We excluded duplicate published studies, incomplete studies, those with incomplete data, animal experiments, literature reviews, and systematic studies. RESULTS The pooled results showed that the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) parameters of height weighted mean difference (WMD) = -1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.46 to -0.74), pigmentation (WMD = -0.61, 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.21), and pliability (WMD = -0.90, 95% CI: -1.17 to -0.63) were significantly improved after fractional CO2 laser treatment of keloids. However, vascularity did not significantly change. Additionally, the total VSS was significantly improved after treatment (WMD = -4.01, 95% CI: -6.22 to -1.79). The Patient Scars Assessment Scale was significantly improved after treatment (WMD = -15.31, 95% CI: -18.31 to -12.31). Regarding safety, the incidences of hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, pain, telangiectasia, and atrophy were 5%, 0%, 11%, 2% (95% CI: 0%-6%), and 0% (95% CI: 0%-4%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fractional CO2 laser is effective in the treatment of keloids and can effectively improve the height, pigmentation, and pliability of scars, and patients are satisfied with this treatment. Further studies should explore the role of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiujun Zhou
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maocan Tao
- The First Affliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- The First Affliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- The First Affliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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4
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Qi W, Xiao X, Tong J, Guo N. Progress in the clinical treatment of keloids. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1284109. [PMID: 38046417 PMCID: PMC10690427 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1284109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid is a pathological scar that is higher than the skin surface following skin damage. Its lesion range often extends beyond the original damage boundary and does not naturally subside over time. Its pathogenesis is very complex, currently the main causes include fibroblast excessive proliferation, collagen and extracellular matrix (Extracellular matrix, ECM) excessive deposition, excessive angiogenesis, and so on. The traditional treatment method primarily involves surgical intervention, but it is associated with a high recurrence rate post-surgery. Consequently, many treatment methods are derived according to the different clinical characteristics of keloid. This paper will review the therapeutic progress in recent years from surgical treatment, physiotherapy, drug therapy, and biological therapy, with the goal of offering valuable insights for the clinical treatment of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Tong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nengqiang Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Fu S, Duan L, Zhong Y, Zeng Y. Comparison of surgical excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and laser combined with steroids for the treatment of keloids: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Wound J 2023; 21:e14449. [PMID: 37967571 PMCID: PMC10895202 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate and compare the effect of surgical excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and laser combined with steroids on keloids. Relevant studies reporting the recurrence rate or incidence of adverse events (AEs) were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases through August 2023. The quality of noncomparative single-arm clinical trials was evaluated using the methodological index for nonrandomised studies (MINORS) Methodological items. This meta-analysis was conducted utilizing Stata 12.0 statistical software. 26 studies involving 989 patients were included in the analysis. The recurrence rate in the laser combined with steroids therapy group (12.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.9%-18.5%) was lower than that of the surgical excision combined with radiotherapy group (13.5%, 95% CI: 6.6%-22.2%). For the incidence of AEs, relatively low incidence of atrophy (0.0%, 95% CI: 0.0%-1.2%), telangiectasia (3.2%, 95% CI: 0.4%-7.6%), erythema (2.3%, 95% CI: 0.0%-10.6%), infection (0.2%, 95% CI: 0.0%-1.6%) and high hyperpigmentation rate (8.3%, 95% CI: 4.2%-13.4%) were obtained in the surgical excision combined with radiotherapy group. Compared with surgical resection followed by radiotherapy, the combination of laser and steroids for keloids showed a lower hyperpigmentation rate (6.5%), as well as a higher incidence of atrophy (22.7%), telangiectasia (6.4%), erythema (3.3%) and infection (3.3%). Only a hypopigmentation rate of 2.9% was obtained in patients treated with surgical excision plus radiotherapy. Current evidence revealed that surgical excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and laser combined with steroids therapy were effective and safe treatments for keloids, with relatively low recurrence rate and complication rate. Comparative studies are needed to further compare the effects of these two combination therapies on keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Fu
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liu Duan
- Department of DermatologyThe Third Hospital of ChangshaChangshaChina
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Preventive MedicineSchool of Medicine, Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yu Zeng
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Neurodegenerative DiseasesChangsha Medical UniversityChangshaChina
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6
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Piccolo D, Crisman G, Conforti C, Fusco I, Bonan P. Efficacy of a multimodal approach of laser therapy for earlobe keloids management in dark population. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13502. [PMID: 38009015 PMCID: PMC10591025 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with keloids are often younger than 30 years old and have darker skin. AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CO2 laser therapy in the management of earlobe and helix keloids in dark subjects. METHODS A total of 21 dark patients (five men and 16 women) presented with the earlobe and ear helix keloids, with a mean age of 30.5 (±6.7) years and with phototype between III-VI, were enrolled. In order to improve their earlobe and helix keloids, all patients underwent a single session of CO2 laser therapy immediately followed by a pulsed Dye laser procedure. A single well-experienced doctor performed all treatment sessions and the response to treatment. Patients were followed-up for 6 months after termination of therapy. Clinical images were examined and collected: all patients were examined clinically and with Dermoscopy. RESULTS The majority of the patients treated show complete remission of keloid lesions. Clinical photographs show a visible aesthetic improvement of several types of keloids in dark subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that this combined laser therapeutic protocol appears to be effective and well tolerated for the management of earlobe and helix keloids in dark subjects, with no high recurrence rate and avoiding the adverse effects and lengthy recovery time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudio Conforti
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyDermatology ClinicMaggiore HospitalUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
- IDI‐IRCCSDermatological Research HospitalRomeItaly
| | | | - Paolo Bonan
- Laser Cutaneous Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery UnitVilla Donatello ClinicFlorenceItaly
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Chen JY, Feng QL, Pan HH, Zhu DH, He RL, Deng CC, Yang B. An Open-Label, Uncontrolled, Single-Arm Clinical Trial of Tofacitinib, an Oral JAK1 and JAK3 Kinase Inhibitor, in Chinese Patients with Keloid. Dermatology 2023; 239:818-827. [PMID: 37643592 DOI: 10.1159/000532064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The keloid treatment is still a thorny and complicated clinical problem, especially in multiple keloids induced by wound, severe burn, ethnic background or cultural behaviors, or unexplained skin healing. Mainstream treatments have limited efficacy in treating multiple keloids. As no oral treatment with painlessness and convenience is available, oral treatment strategies should be formulated. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and therapeutic mechanism of oral tofacitinib in keloid patients. METHODS We recruited the 7 patients with keloid scars and prescribed 5 mg of tofacitinib twice a day orally with a maximum follow-up of 12 weeks. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), the Vancouver scar scale (VSS), ANTERA 3D camera, and the DUB Skin Scanner 75 were used to assess the characteristics of the lesion. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate collagen synthesis, proliferation, and relative molecular pathways. Moreover, the effects of tofacitinib were assessed on keloid fibroblast in vitro. RESULTS After 12 weeks of oral tofacitinib, significant improvement in POSAS, VSS, and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores was observed (p < 0.05). The volume, lesion height, and dermis thickness of the keloid decreased (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant decreases in the expression of collagen I, Ki67, p-STAT 3, and p-SMAD2 were observed after 12 weeks of administration. In vitro experiments suggested that tofacitinib treatment inhibits fibroblast proliferation and collagen I synthesis via suppression of STAT3 and SMAD2 pathway. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib, a new candidate oral drug for keloid, could reduce keloid lesion volume by inhibiting collagen synthesis and inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, and alleviate itch and pain to obtain a better life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Qing-Lan Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Hui Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Heng Zhu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Liang He
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Deng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Frech FS, Hernandez L, Urbonas R, Zaken GA, Dreyfuss I, Nouri K. Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: Advances in Treatment and Review of Established Therapies. Am J Clin Dermatol 2023; 24:225-245. [PMID: 36662366 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-022-00744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars and keloids can have significant detrimental effects on patients both psychosocially and functionally. A careful identification of patient risk factors and a comprehensive management plan are necessary to optimize outcomes. Patients with a history of dystrophic scarring should avoid unnecessary procedures and enhance the wound-healing process using various preventive strategies. As there is no single, fully efficacious treatment modality, prevention remains the best approach in reducing aberrant scar formation. When prevention therapies fail, keloids have been shown to be respond to a variety of therapies including topical and injectable corticosteroids, 5-fluorouracil, radiotherapy, lasers, and surgical excision, all with varying efficacies. As such, management should be tailored to the individual patient's risk factors with the use of combination therapies to reduce recurrence rates. Still, keloid and hypertrophic scar therapies are widely diverse with novel treatment modalities providing alternatives for recurring lesions. Laser-assisted drug delivery, skin priming, and novel topical therapies may provide alternative options for the management of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Stefano Frech
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Loren Hernandez
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rebecca Urbonas
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Ghufran Abo Zaken
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Isabella Dreyfuss
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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Muskat A, Kost Y, Balazic E, Cohen JL, Kobets K. Laser-Assisted Drug Delivery in the Treatment of Scars, Rhytids, and Melasma: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:NP181-NP198. [PMID: 36325715 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although broad reviews on laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) have been published in the past, an updated focused examination of its utility in the context of common, treatment-resistant, dermatologic conditions has not been published. This article reports a comprehensive scoping review of the potential benefits of LADD compared to laser or drug monotherapy for the treatment of 3 such conditions: scars, rhytids, and melasma. A PubMed (National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD) search was conducted for keywords including "laser-assisted drug delivery," "scar," "rhytid," and "melasma." Out-of-scope studies were excluded. To evaluate the efficacy of LADD for the treatment of scars, relevant articles were categorized by scar type: hypertrophic/keloid, atrophic, and hypopigmented. LADD, with both ablative and nonablative laser types, was studied in combination with corticosteroids, botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A), 5-fluorouracil, 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy, stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, and prostaglandin analogs for the treatment of scars. Some randomized controlled trials demonstrated the efficacy of LADD, whereas others showed no significant differences in clinical outcomes but demonstrated reduced adverse effects. Regarding rhytids, laser treatment has been combined with various cosmeceuticals, including poly-L-lactic acid, topical retinaldehyde, and topical BTX-A. The studies reviewed supported the use of LADD with these drugs over monotherapy. Some studies showed that LADD was effective for the absorption of drugs such as poly-L-lactic acid and BTX-A which are often not effective topically. For melasma treatment, LADD with tranexamic acid and hydroquinone was superior in some studies, but not significantly different than monotherapy in other studies. LADD with certain drugs could be considered to treat scars, rhytids, and melasma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahava Muskat
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yana Kost
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eliza Balazic
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Kseniya Kobets
- Montefiore Einstein Advanced Care Center, Division of Dermatology, Bronx, NY, USA
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10
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Zhang J, He Z, Tang Y, Xiao X, Yang F. CO 2 fractional laser combined with triamcinolone acetonide injection for the hypertrophic scars: which is first? Lasers Med Sci 2022; 38:7. [PMID: 36539641 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the effect of different application sequences of CO2 fractional laser and triamcinolone acetonide injection on the application effect of hypertrophic scar in one operation. Patients with hypertrophic scars who received CO2 lattice laser combined with triamcinolone acetonide injection from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different initial operations, they were divided into CO2 FL-TA group and TA-CO2 FL group. The Vancouver Scar Scale score and scar thickness of the two groups before and after treatment were analyzed. The complications occurred in the two groups during the treatment period. The clinical efficacy of the two groups before and after the treatment was calculated. Before treatment, there was no difference in scar thickness and VSS score between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, the above indexes in CO2 FL-TA group were significantly better than those in TA-CO2 FL group (P < 0.05); the incidence of adverse reactions in CO2 FL-TA group was 9.38%, which was significantly lower than that in TA-CO2 FL group (18.75%) (P < 0.05); the total effective rate of CO2 FL-TA group was 90.63%, which was significantly higher than that in TA-CO2 FL group (65.63%) (P < 0.05). In the process of combined CO2 fractional laser and triamcinolone acetonide injection in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, CO2 fractional laser treatment first, and then triamcinolone acetonide injection can reduce the number of treatments, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and achieve more satisfactory treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zhang
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 35, Jiefang Avenue, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ziqing He
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 35, Jiefang Avenue, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yujun Tang
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 35, Jiefang Avenue, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 35, Jiefang Avenue, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 35, Jiefang Avenue, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan Province, China.
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11
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Ng WHS, Smith SD. Laser-Assisted Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Safety and Adverse Events. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122738. [PMID: 36559233 PMCID: PMC9787022 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) is an increasingly studied and applied methodology for drug delivery. It has been used in a wide variety of clinical applications. Given the relatively low barrier to entry for clinicians as well as ongoing research in this area, the authors aimed to review outcomes relating to safety in laser-assisted drug delivery. A systematic review was conducted, with the databases PubMed, Medline and Embase searched in September 2022. Included articles were those that mentioned laser-assisted drug delivery in human subjects that also reported adverse effects or safety outcomes. There were no language-based exclusions. Conference abstracts and literature reviews were excluded. The results were then tabulated and categorized according to the application of LADD. In total, 501 articles were obtained. Following deduplication, screening, and full text review 70 articles of various study designs were included. Common findings were erythema, oedema, pain, and crusting following LADD. Several notably more severe adverse effects such as generalized urticaria, infection, scarring and dyspigmentation were noted. However, these events were varied depending on the clinical use of LADD. Relevant negatives were also noted whereby no studies reported life-threatening adverse effects. Limitations included limited details regarding the adverse effects within the full texts, lack of follow-up, and risk of bias. In conclusion, there were multiple adverse effects that clinicians should consider prior to carrying out LADD, where treatment goals and patient tolerability should be considered. Further evidence is needed to quantitatively determine these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saxon D. Smith
- ANU Medical School, ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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12
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Liu XJ, Liu WH, Fang SW, Zhou XL, Xu JX, Li GS. Lasers and Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Pathological Scars: A Network Meta-Analysis. Aesthet Surg J 2022; 42:NP675-NP687. [PMID: 35762934 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) therapies have shown promising effects on pathological scars, but the comparative effectiveness of laser and IPL therapies has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare and rank the efficacy of laser and IPL therapies to determine the most effective treatment method for pathological scars. METHODS Relevant studies published up to February 2022 were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. We defined Vancouver Scar Scale score as the primary outcome. Both frequentist and Bayesian approaches were used to perform a network meta-analysis. RESULTS We included 25 trials with a total of 1688 participants. The rankings based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve for the Vancouver Scar Scale score based on the Bayesian approach suggested IPL + CO2 (96.43%) > pulsed dye laser (PDL) + 1064-nm Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser (86.21%) > PDL + CO2 (82.15%) > CO2 (58.97%) > 1064-nm Nd:YAG (57.03%) > PDL (52%) > 532-nm Nd:YAG (33.28%) > Er:YAG + IPL (28.38%) > Er:YAG (26.56%) > IPL (15.03%) > control (13.97%). The ranking results based on the frequentist approach were basically consistent with those based on the Bayesian approach. CONCLUSIONS The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the combination of IPL and CO2 laser has the highest probability of being the most effective intervention. However, our conclusions must be interpreted with caution due to the relatively few evaluation indicators included in our study. Future well-designed randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes are required to confirm our conclusions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Jun Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shao-Wen Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Long Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xiang Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Shuai Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Oliveira GV, Metsavaht LD, Kadunc BV, Jedwab SKK, Bressan MS, Stolf HO, Castro RG, Bezerra SMFMC, Calil DA, Addor FAZ, Fraga JCS, Reis CMS, Reis-Filho E, Silva MR, Ramos-E-Silva M, Hexsel DM. Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Position statement of the Brazilian expert group GREMCIQ. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:2128-2142. [PMID: 34263958 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Keloids (K) and hypertrophic scars (HS) are abnormal responses to wound healing that occur as the result of dermal inflammation. Despite the advances on their treatment, many patients still suffer from the negative effects of excessive scarring; its approach is impaired by the lack of objective data on different treatments and the large genetic variability among patients and the difficulties in producing multicentre studies. Their incidence among the Brazilian population is high, as the result of an admixture of Amerindians, Europeans and Africans ancestral roots. With the aim of producing multicentre studies on K and HS, a panel of senior Brazilian dermatologists focused on their treatment was invited to contribute with the K and HS Treatment Brazilian Guidelines. In the first part of this study, different treatment modalities for keloids and HS are fully reviewed by the panel. The second part of the study presents a consensus recommendation of treatment for different types of lesions. More than a literature review, this article aims to show the pitfalls and pearls of each therapeutic option, as well as a therapeutic approach by the Panel of Experts on keloids and Scars on a highly mixed population, providing simple guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Oliveira
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Mario Penna/Luxemburgo Hospital, Keloids and Scars Ambulatory, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L D Metsavaht
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B V Kadunc
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Surgical and Cosmetic Dermatology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S K K Jedwab
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Skinlaser Director, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Bressan
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Maura Bressan Dermatology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - H O Stolf
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - R G Castro
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S M F M C Bezerra
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - D A Calil
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Brazilian Society of Dermatology, São Paulo Session, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F A Z Addor
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C S Fraga
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Military Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - C M S Reis
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Dermatology Residency Program, ESCS-DF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - E Reis-Filho
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Dermatology Residency Program, ESCS-DF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - M Ramos-E-Silva
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Dermatology Residency Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D M Hexsel
- Brazilian Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and GREMCIQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Society for Dermatologic Surgery (ISDS), Hexsel Dermatology Clinics and Brazilian Center for Studies in Dermatology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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14
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Chong Y, Long X, Ho YS. Scientific landscape and trend analysis of keloid research: a 30-year bibliometric review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:945. [PMID: 34350260 PMCID: PMC8263893 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Keloids remain troublesome for clinicians because of the lack of standard therapy, and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Bibliometric analysis could be a powerful tool to comprehensively review research trends, evaluate publication performances and provide future perspectives. There is no bibliometric analysis focusing on keloid research. Methods Keloid related publications were searched in Web of Science Core Collection from the publication year 1990 to 2019. Bibliometric data were provided on document type, annual publication number, most productive journals, publication geography, top potential authors, and highly cited articles. The distribution of single words in article titles was analyzed to evaluate the main research focuses and determine their development trends. Word cluster analysis was further performed to detect emerging trends in keloid research. Results The number of annual articles increased from 24 in 1990 to 63 in 2006 and then increased sharply, reaching 139 in 2019. Dermatologic Surgery published the highest number of articles followed by Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. The USA ranked top with six publication indicators and China had a dramatic increase in the annual number of articles since 2012. Recent research hotspots include underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, keloid treatment, and therapeutic effect evaluation. Discussion Keloids remain a research focus. Efforts will be continuously made to understand the underlying mechanism of keloid formation. Despite many treatment modalities, there is no gold standard for keloid treatment, and many efforts are being made in the exploration of new therapies. Moreover, it is foreseeable that objective measurement tools will have a higher status in the assessment of keloids and scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Chong
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuh-Shan Ho
- Trend Research Centre, Asia University, Taichung 41354
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