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Coppes MJ. Children with cancer and their families must navigate so much more than their healthcare system. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03324-y. [PMID: 38867030 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Max J Coppes
- William N. Pennington Cancer Institute Renown Health, Reno, NV, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA.
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, 1155 Mill Street, Reno, NV, 89502, USA.
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Oyemolade TA, Mukumbya B, Oboh EN, Nischal SA, Ozobu I, Palla A, Ogundeji OD, Trillo-Ordonez Y, Nwaribe EE, Badejo OA, Okere OE, Malomo TA, Abu-Bonsrah N, Oboh EC, Seas A, Still MEH, Asemota I, Ugorji C, Reddy R, Rahman R, Waguia-Kouam R, Deng DD, von Isenburg M, Haglund MM, Fuller AT, Adeleye AO, Ukachukwu AEK. Profile of Pediatric Neurosurgery in Nigeria from 1962 to 2021: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:e143-e184. [PMID: 37939879 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of pediatric neurosurgery in Nigeria, since 1962, by assessing epidemiological data, management strategies, and case outcomes. METHODS A systematic bibliometric review of Nigerian neurosurgical literature was reported with the PRISMA guidelines. The Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was applied to all nonrandomized studies, and a descriptive analysis was performed for all variables. RESULTS We identified 12,295 pediatric patients from 196 published studies. Most publications (72.4%) occurred in the recent 2 decades, of which 40.3% were observational case reports/series. The patients were predominantly male (57.2%) and aged 0-18 years, with the majority (66.1%) belonging to the 0-5 age range. Most patients (63.4%) presented between 1-12 months. The most common presenting feature was altered consciousness (7.7%), with computed tomography (38.8%) being the most frequently utilized diagnostic imaging modality. The diagnoses with the greatest prevalence (60.2%) were congenital abnormalities such as hydrocephalus and neural tube defects. 57.5% of cases received surgical therapy, with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement being the most noticeable procedure performed (36.4%). Complications were identified in 9.5% of cases, with a 4.5% death rate. The Glasgow Outcome Score (95.7%) was the primary outcome measure utilized, with positive outcomes reported in 59.3% of cases. CONCLUSIONS This review provides significant epidemiological data which emphasizes the country's enormous burden of pediatric neurosurgical cases. The findings can help guide clinical decisions as well as future research and policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Mukumbya
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ehita N Oboh
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Shiva A Nischal
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ifeanyichukwu Ozobu
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, Florida, USA
| | - Adhith Palla
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olaniyi D Ogundeji
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yesel Trillo-Ordonez
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Oluwakemi A Badejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Toluyemi A Malomo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nancy Abu-Bonsrah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ena C Oboh
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andreas Seas
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Megan E H Still
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Isaac Asemota
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chiazam Ugorji
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramya Reddy
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Raphia Rahman
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Di D Deng
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Megan von Isenburg
- Duke University Medical Center Library and Archives, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael M Haglund
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony T Fuller
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amos O Adeleye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Alvan-Emeka K Ukachukwu
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Joseph AO, Akinsete AM, Ajose AO, Oladipo AT, Maliki A, Akindele K, Mangongolo M, Adeneye S, Ngwa W. Increasing pediatric radiation oncology capacity in sub-saharan Africa using technology: a pilot of a pediatric radiation oncology virtual training course. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:317. [PMID: 38509515 PMCID: PMC10956173 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shortage of skilled healthcare professionals in pediatric oncology and the limited access to training programs remain significant challenges in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. The the Pediatric Radiation Oncology (Virtual) Course, 'PedROC' project aims to contribute to improving pediatric cancer outcomes in Nigeria by increasing the capacity of radiation oncology professionals. To address the gap in access to pediatric radiation oncology professional development, the PedROC project was created, harnessing technology to improve radiation oncology training via a curriculum delivered through web-conferencing. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the PedROC pilot in enhancing the capacity, confidence, and skill of radiation oncologists in decision-making, prescribing, and treatment planning of radiotherapy for children diagnosed with cancer. METHODS A multidisciplinary faculty of specialists in radiation oncology, pediatric oncology, oncology nursing, radiation therapy technology, and medical physics collaborated to identify the key learning needs in pediatric radiation oncology in the country. The team collaborated to develop a comprehensive curriculum covering the most common pediatric cancers in sub-Saharan Africa for the training program. The training course was conducted over two days, delivering twenty-four half-hour sessions for a total of 12 h, from July 31 to August 01, 2021. RESULTS Analysis of pre and post - training surveys showed a significant increase in self-reported confidence measures across all domains among radiation oncologists. The program successfully improved participants' knowledge and confidence levels in managing common pediatric cancers using radiotherapy, particularly addressing radiotherapy-specific issues such as appropriate dose, target volume delineation, treatment planning, dose constraints, and plan evaluation. CONCLUSION The PedROC pilot showed the efficacy of this model in enhancing the capacity and confidence of radiation oncology professionals involved in the treatment of pediatric cancer. The findings indicate that technology holds significant potential to increase pediatric radiation oncology capacity in Africa, ensuring improved access to proper treatment and ultimately improving pediatric cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedayo O Joseph
- NSIA - LUTH Cancer Centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Adeseye M Akinsete
- Hematology & Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Azeezat O Ajose
- NSIA - LUTH Cancer Centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Aishat T Oladipo
- NSIA - LUTH Cancer Centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Michelle Mangongolo
- NSIA - LUTH Cancer Centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Adeneye
- NSIA - LUTH Cancer Centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bolous NS, Mercredi P, Bonilla M, Friedrich P, Bhakta N, Metzger ML, Gassant PY. Determining the cost and cost-effectiveness of childhood cancer treatment in Haiti. Ecancermedicalscience 2024; 18:1675. [PMID: 38439808 PMCID: PMC10911665 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Haiti is a low-income country with one of the lowest human development index rankings in the world. Its childhood cancer services are provided by a single hospital with the only dedicated paediatric oncology department in the country. Our objective was to assess the cost and cost-effectiveness of all types of childhood cancer in Haiti to help prioritise investments and to support national cancer control planning. All costing data were collected from the year 2017 or 2018 hospital records. Costs were classified into 11 cost categories, and the proportion of the overall budget represented by each was calculated and converted from Haitian Gourde to United States dollars. The 5-year survival rate was retrieved from hospital records and used to calculate the cost-effectiveness of disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted, using a healthcare costing perspective. Additional sensitivity analyses were conducted accounting for late-effect morbidity and early mortality and discounting rates of 0%, 3% and 6%. The annual cost of operating a paediatric oncology unit in Haiti treating 74 patients with newly diagnosed cancer was $803,184 overall or $10,854 per patient. The largest cost category was pharmacy, constituting 25% of the overall budget, followed by medical personnel (20%) and administration (12%). The cost per DALY averted in the base-case scenario was $1,128, which is 76% of the gross domestic product per capita, demonstrating that treating children with cancer in Haiti is very cost-effective according to the World Health Organisation Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective (WHO-CHOICE) threshold. In the most conservative scenario, the cost per DALY averted was cost-effective by WHO-CHOICE criteria. Our data will add to the growing body of literature illustrating a positive return on investment associated with diagnosing and treating children with cancer in even the most resource-limited environments. We anticipate that these data will aid local stakeholders and policymakers when identifying cancer control priorities and making budgetary decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Bolous
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Miguel Bonilla
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paola Friedrich
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nickhill Bhakta
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Pascale Y Gassant
- Nos Petit Frères et Sœurs-St Damien Hospital, Port-au-Prince 6124, Haiti
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Sharma R, Abbastabar H, Abdulah DM, Abidi H, Abolhassani H, Abrehdari-Tafreshi Z, Absalan A, Ali HA, Abu-Gharbieh E, Acuna JM, Adib N, Sakilah Adnani QE, Aghaei A, Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi S, Ahmed LA, Ajami M, Al Hamad H, Al Hasan SM, Alanezi FM, Saeed Al-Gheethi AA, Al-Hanawi MK, Ali A, Ali BA, Alimohamadi Y, Aljunid SM, Ali Al-Maweri SA, Alqahatni SA, AlQudah M, Al-Raddadi RM, Al-Tammemi AB, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anwar SL, Anwer R, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Ariffin H, Artaman A, Arulappan J, Ashraf T, Askari E, Athar M, Wahbi Atout MM, Azadnajafabad S, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghcheghi N, Bagherieh S, Bai R, Bajbouj K, Baliga S, Bardhan M, Bashiri A, Baskaran P, Basu S, Belgaumi UI, Nazer C Bermudez A, Bhandari B, Bhardwaj N, Bhat AN, Bitaraf S, Boloor A, Hashemi MB, Butt ZA, Chadwick J, Kai Chan JS, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Cho WC, Darwesh AM, Dash NR, Dehghan A, Dhali A, Dianatinasab M, Dibas M, Dixit A, Dixit SG, Dorostkar F, Dsouza HL, Elbarazi I, Elemam NM, El-Huneidi W, Elkord E, Abdou Elmeligy OA, Emamian MH, Erkhembayar R, Ezzeddini R, Fadoo Z, Faiz R, Fakhradiyev IR, Fallahzadeh A, Faris MEM, Farrokhpour H, Fatehizadeh A, Fattahi H, Fekadu G, Fukumoto T, Gaidhane AM, Galehdar N, Garg P, Ghadirian F, Ghafourifard M, Ghasemi M, Nour MG, Ghassemi F, Gholamalizadeh M, Gholamian A, Ghotbi E, Golechha M, Goleij P, Goyal S, Mohialdeen Gubari MI, Gunasekera DS, Gunawardane DA, Gupta S, Habibzadeh P, Haeri Boroojeni HS, Halboub ES, Hamadeh RR, Hamoudi R, Harorani M, Hasanian M, Hassan TS, Hay SI, Heidari M, Heidari-Foroozan M, Hessami K, Hezam K, Hiraike Y, Holla R, Hoseini M, Hossain MM, Hossain S, Hsieh VCR, Huang J, Hussein NR, Hwang BF, Iravanpour F, Ismail NE, Iwagami M, Merin J L, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafarinia M, Jahani MA, Jahrami H, Jaiswal A, Jakovljevic M, Jalili M, Jamshidi E, Jayarajah U, Jayaram S, Jha SS, Jokar M, Joseph N, Kabir A, Kabir MA, Kadir DH, Kakodkar PV, Kalankesh LR, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kaliyadan F, Kamal VK, Kamal Z, Kamath A, Kar SS, Karimi H, Kaur N, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khan EA, Khan MN, Khan M, Khan MA, Khan YH, Khanmohammadi S, Khatatbeh MM, Khateri S, Khayamzadeh M, Khayat Kashani HR, Kim MS, Kompani F, Koohestani HR, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Krishan K, Kumar N, Kumar N, Kutluk T, Kuttikkattu A, Ching Lai DT, Lal DK, Lami FH, Lasrado S, Lee SW, Lee SW, Lee YY, Lee YH, Leong E, Li MC, Liu J, Madadizadeh F, Mafi AR, Mahjoub S, Malekzadeh R, Malik AA, Malik I, Mallhi TH, Mansournia MA, Martini S, Mathews E, Mathur MR, Meena JK, Menezes RG, Mirfakhraie R, Mirinezhad SK, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mithra P, Mohamadkhani A, Mohammadi S, Mohammadzadeh M, Mohan S, Mokdad AH, Al Montasir A, Montazeri F, Moradi M, Sarabi MM, Moradpour F, Moradzadeh M, Moraga P, Mosapour A, Motaghinejad M, Mubarik S, Muhammad JS, Murray CJ, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Nargus S, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Nejadghaderi SA, Nguyen PT, Niazi RK, Noroozi N, Okati-Aliabad H, Okekunle AP, Ong S, Oommen AM, Padubidri JR, Pandey A, Park EK, Park S, Pati S, Patil S, Paudel R, Paudel U, Pirestani M, Podder I, Pourali G, Pourjafar M, Pourshams A, Syed ZQ, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Rahman M, Rahmani S, Rahmanian V, Ramesh PS, Rana J, Rao IR, Rao SJ, Rashedi S, Rashidi MM, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei S, Rezaeian M, Roshandel G, Chandan S, Saber-Ayad MM, Sabour S, Sabzmakan L, Saddik B, Saeed U, Safi SZ, Sharif-Askari FS, Sahebkar A, Sahoo H, Sajedi SA, Sajid MR, Salehi MA, Farrokhi AS, Sarasmita MA, Sargazi S, Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Semwal P, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Shafeghat M, Shahabi S, Shahbandi A, Shahraki-Sanavi F, Shaikh MA, Shannawaz M, Sheikhi RA, Shobeiri P, Shorofi SA, Shrestha S, Siabani S, Singh G, Singh P, Singh S, Sinha DN, Siwal SS, Sreeram S, Suleman M, Abdulkader RS, Sultan I, Sultana A, Tabish M, Tabuchi T, Taheri M, Talaat IM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Thangaraju P, Thomas N, Thomas NK, Tiyuri A, Tobe-Gai R, Toghroli R, Tovani-Palone MR, Ullah S, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Tahbaz SV, Valizadeh R, Varthya SB, Waheed Y, Wang S, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Xiao H, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zahir M, Zaki N, Zamanian M, Zhang ZJ, Zhao H, Zitoun OA, Zoladl M. Temporal patterns of cancer burden in Asia, 1990-2019: a systematic examination for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 21:100333. [PMID: 38361599 PMCID: PMC10866992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Cancers represent a challenging public health threat in Asia. This study examines the temporal patterns of incidence, mortality, disability and risk factors of 29 cancers in Asia in the last three decades. Methods The age, sex and year-wise estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of 29 cancers for 49 Asian countries from 1990 through 2019 were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors 2019 study. Besides incidence, mortality and DALYs, we also examined the cancer burden measured in terms of DALYs and deaths attributable to risk factors, which had evidence of causation with different cancers. The development status of countries was measured using the socio-demographic index. Decomposition analysis was performed to gauge the change in cancer incidence between 1990 and 2019 due to population growth, aging and age-specific incidence rates. Findings All cancers combined claimed an estimated 5.6 million [95% uncertainty interval, 5.1-6.0 million] lives in Asia with 9.4 million [8.6-10.2 million] incident cases and 144.7 million [132.7-156.5 million] DALYs in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of all cancers combined in Asia was 197.6/100,000 [181.0-214.4] in 2019, varying from 99.2/100,000 [76.1-126.0] in Bangladesh to 330.5/100,000 [298.5-365.8] in Cyprus. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 120.6/100,000 [110.1-130.7] in 2019, varying 4-folds across countries from 71.0/100,000 [59.9-83.5] in Kuwait to 284.2/100,000 [229.2-352.3] in Mongolia. The age-standardized DALYs rate was 2970.5/100,000 [2722.6-3206.5] in 2019, varying from 1578.0/100,000 [1341.2-1847.0] in Kuwait to 6574.4/100,000 [5141.7-8333.0] in Mongolia. Between 1990 and 2019, deaths due to 17 of the 29 cancers either doubled or more, and 20 of the 29 cancers underwent an increase of 150% or more in terms of new cases. Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (both sexes), breast cancer (among females), colon and rectum cancer (both sexes), stomach cancer (both sexes) and prostate cancer (among males) were among top-5 cancers in most Asian countries in terms of ASIR and ASMR in 2019 and cancers of liver, stomach, hodgkin lymphoma and esophageal cancer posted the most significant decreases in age-standardized rates between 1990 and 2019. Among the modifiable risk factors, smoking, alcohol use, ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution and unsafe sex remained the dominant risk factors between 1990 and 2019. Cancer DALYs due to ambient PM pollution, high body mass index and fasting plasma glucose has increased most notably between 1990 and 2019. Interpretation With growing incidence, cancer has become more significant public health threat in Asia, demanding urgent policy attention and guidance. Its heightened risk calls for increased cancer awareness, preventive measures, affordable early-stage detection, and cost-effective therapeutics in Asia. The current study can serve as a useful resource for policymakers and researchers in Asia for devising interventions for cancer management and control. Funding The GBD study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Tan CE, Admodisastro N, Lau SCD, Tan KA, Teh KH, Lee CC, Mohd Sidik S. Development and user evaluation of an online caregiver education resource for Malaysian parents of children with leukemia or lymphoma. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2024; 11:100363. [PMID: 38304227 PMCID: PMC10831254 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Malaysian parents of children diagnosed with leukemia or lymphoma stand to benefit from a comprehensive Malay-language online resource, complementing existing caregiver education practices. This study aimed to develop and assess the efficacy of e-Hematological Oncology Parents Education (e-HOPE), an online caregiver education resource in Malay, designed to enhance the knowledge of parents with children diagnosed with leukemia or lymphoma in Malaysia. Methods A user profile and topic list were established based on previous needs analysis studies. Content was developed for each identified topic. An expert panel assessed the content validity of both informational content and activity sections. Subsequently, the contents were presented via a learning management system to parents of children newly diagnosed with leukemia or lymphoma. Parents evaluated the quality of e-HOPE using the Website Evaluation Questionnaire (WEQ) after an 8-week period. Results The scale content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) achieved 0.996 for informational content and 0.991 for the activity section. Sixteen parents provided evaluations of e-HOPE after an 8-week usage period. Mean WEQ scores for various dimensions ranged from 4.23 for completeness to 4.88 for relevance. Conclusions E-HOPE was meticulously designed and developed to offer Malaysian parents a Malay-language resource complementing current caregiver education practices. It exhibited strong content validity and received positive user ratings for quality. Further assessment is warranted to evaluate its effectiveness in supporting parents of children with leukemia or lymphoma. The resource is anticipated to enhance information accessibility and support for Malaysian parents facing hematological cancers in their children. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.govNCT05455268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai-Eng Tan
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Novia Admodisastro
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sie Chong Doris Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit Aun Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Kok Hoi Teh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Chan Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sherina Mohd Sidik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Hashemi H, Mahaki B, Farnoosh R. Relative risk of childhood and adolescence cancer in Iran: spatiotemporal analysis from 1999 to 2016. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:29. [PMID: 38238811 PMCID: PMC10797934 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer is the third leading cause of death in the world with increasing trends in Iran. The study of epidemiology, trend, and geospatial distribution of pediatric cancers provides important information for screening as well as early detection of cancer and policy making. We aimed to assess the spatio-temporal disparity of childhood and adolescence cancer risk among provinces of Iran. METHODS In this retrospective study, we estimated geospatial relative risk (RR) of childhood cancer in provinces of Iran using data from 29198 cases. We used BYM and its extended spatiotemporal model in Bayesian setting. This hierarchical model takes spatial and temporal effects into account in the incidence rate estimation simultaneously. RESULTS The relative risk of cancer was > 1 for 45% of the provinces, where 27% of provinces had significantly ascending trend. North Khorasan, Yazd and Qazvin provinces had the highest risk rates while Sistan-Baluchistan province showed the lowest risk of cancer. However, the differential trends was highest in Sistan-Baluchistan, Bushehr, Hormozgan, and Kohgilouyeh-Boyerahmad. Both the point estimate and the trend of risk was high in Tehran. CONCLUSION The geographic pattern and trend of cancer in children seems to be different from that in adults that urges further studies. This could lead to increased health system capacity and facilitate the access to effective detection, research, care and treatment of childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Hashemi
- Department of Statistics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Rahman Farnoosh
- School of Mathematics, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Zeng Q, Ren H, Liu C, Liu T, Xie Y, Tang X. Polymorphisms of inflammation-related genes and susceptibility to childhood leukemia: evidence from a meta-analysis of 16 published studies. Hematology 2023; 28:2210905. [PMID: 37183941 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2210905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to comprehensively clarify the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in inflammatory genes and the susceptibility to childhood leukemia. METHODS Eligible articles were collected from the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wan Fang. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to estimate the association strength by using the STATA 15.0 software. RESULTS Sixteen studies were enrolled. These studies mainly evaluated SNPs in 13 genes, including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, TLR6, TLR9, CD14, interleukin (IL)-1β, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, IL-4, interleukin 4 receptor, IL-10, IL-13, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and tumor necrosis factor-α. The meta-analysis indicated that CXCL12 rs1801157 (AG vs GG: OR = 1.99; 95%CI = 1.20-3.30; p = 0.008; AA + AG vs GG: OR = 1.92; 95%CI = 1.18-3.12; p = 0.009), TLR6 rs5743810 (TC vs TT: OR = 0.58; 95%CI = 0.39-0.85; p = 0.005), IL-10 rs1800871 (TC vs CC: OR = 1.19; 95%CI = 1.01-1.41; p = 0.044), rs1800872 (AC vs AA: OR = 1.53; 95%CI = 1.22-1.92; p < 0.001) and MIF rs755622 (CG versus GG: OR = 1.33; 95%CI = 1.07-1.67; p = 0.012) polymorphisms were associated with the risk of childhood leukemia. No significant correlations were found between SNPs in other genes and the childhood leukemia risk. Subgroup analyses of rs1800871 and rs1800872 confirmed the conclusions obtained in their overall meta-analytical processes. CONCLUSION CXCL12 rs1801157, TLR6 rs5743810, IL-10 rs1800871, rs1800872 and MIF rs755622 polymorphisms may represent candidate biomarkers for the risk prediction of childhood leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Rheumatology, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyan Ren
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Rheumatology, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qingdao Huangdao District Central Hospital, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Rheumatology, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwu Xie
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Rheumatology, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufu Tang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Rheumatology, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
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The burden of childhood and adolescent cancers in North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:113. [PMID: 36890483 PMCID: PMC9992906 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the significant burden of childhood and adolescent cancers, no specific studies recently discussed the burden of cancer in this group in the North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) region. Therefore, we aimed to study the burden of cancers in this group in this region. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data for children and adolescent cancers (0-19 years old) in the NAME region from 1990 to 2019. 21 types of neoplasms were grouped as "neoplasms", comprising 19 specific cancer groups as well as "other malignant neoplasms" and "other neoplasms". Three significant parameters of incidence, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were studied. The data are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), and reported rates per 100,000. RESULTS In 2019, almost 6 million (95% UI: 4.166 M-8.405 M) new cases and 11,560(9770-13,578) deaths due to neoplasms occurred in the NAME region. Incidence was higher in females (3.4 M), while deaths (6226 of overall 11,560) and DALYs (501,118 of overall 933,885) were estimated as higher in males. Incidence rates did not significantly change since 1990, while deaths and DALYs rates declined significantly. After excluding "other malignant neoplasms" and "other neoplasms", leukemia was responsible for the highest number of incidence and deaths (incidence: 10,629(8237-13,081), deaths: 4053(3135-5013), followed by brain and central nervous system cancers (incidence: 5897(4192-7134), deaths: 2446(1761-2960)), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (incidence: 2741 (2237-3392), deaths: 790(645-962)). Incidence rates of neoplasms were similar for most countries, but countries varied more in terms of death rates. Afghanistan 8.9(6.5-11.9), Sudan 6.4(4.5-8.6), and the Syrian Arab Republic 5.6(4.3-8.3) had the highest overall death rates. CONCLUSION The NAME region is observing relatively constant incidence rates and a decreasing pattern in the deaths and DALYs. Despite this success, several countries are lagging behind in development. Different issues such as economic problems, armed conflicts and political instabilities, lack of equipment or experienced staff or poor distribution, stigmatization and disbelief in the healthcare systems account for unfavorable numbers in some countries. Such problems require urgent solutions as new sophisticated and personalized cares raise the alarm for even more inequalities between high and low-income countries.
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Huang J, Ssentongo P, Sharma R. Editorial: Cancer burden, prevention and treatment in developing countries. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1124473. [PMID: 36845348 PMCID: PMC9945280 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1124473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paddy Ssentongo
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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11
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Sharma R, Jani C. Mapping incidence and mortality of leukemia and its subtypes in 21 world regions in last three decades and projections to 2030. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:1523-1534. [PMID: 35536353 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the burden of leukemia and its subtypes at the global, regional, and national levels in 21 world regions and 204 countries in the last three decades. The estimates of incidence, deaths, and age-standardized rates of leukemia for 21 regions and 204 countries for 1990-2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Average annual percentage change in 1990-2019 for 21 regions was utilized for projecting leukemia burden in 2030. Globally, there were 643,579 [586,980-699,729] incident cases and 334,592 [306,818-360,214] deaths in 2019 due to leukemia, up from 474,924 [388,559-560,550] cases and 263,263 [233,664-298,696] deaths in 1990. Between 1990 and 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) decreased from 9.6 [8.1-11.0] in 1990 to 8.2 [7.5-8.9] per 100,000 person-years in 2019, and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased from 5.8/100,000 [5.2-6.4] in 1990 to 4.3/100,000 [3.9-4.6] in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, the ASIR decreased in majority of regions except Western Europe and high-income Asia Pacific, whereas the ASMR decreased in all 21 regions. In 2019, country-wise, the ASIR varied from 3.0/100,000 [2.3-3.7] in Palau to 35.1/100,000 [26.4-47.2] in San Marino and the ASMR spanned from 2.3/100,000 [1.7-2.8] in San Marino to 15.8/100,000 [12.0-20.4] in Syria. As per our projections, globally, there will be 720,168 incident cases and 367,804 deaths due to leukemia in 2030. Substantial improvements have been witnessed in leukemia mortality rates in all regions, especially high-income regions and countries. Health care policies focusing on diagnostic improvements, cancer registration, and newer therapeutics at reduced cost or with insurance coverage are needed in low and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sharma
- University School of Management and Entreprenuership, Delhi Technological University, East Delhi Campus, Room No. 305, Vivek Vihar Phase II, Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Chinmay Jani
- Mount Aubrun Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Sharma R, Aashima, Nanda M, Fronterre C, Sewagudde P, Ssentongo AE, Yenney K, Arhin ND, Oh J, Amponsah-Manu F, Ssentongo P. Mapping Cancer in Africa: A Comprehensive and Comparable Characterization of 34 Cancer Types Using Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020. Front Public Health 2022; 10:839835. [PMID: 35548083 PMCID: PMC9082420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.839835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer incidence and mortality rates in Africa are increasing, yet their geographic distribution and determinants are incompletely characterized. The present study aims to establish the spatial epidemiology of cancer burden in Africa and delineate the association between cancer burden and the country-level socioeconomic status. The study also examines the forecasts of the cancer burden for 2040 and evaluates infrastructure availability across all African countries. Methods The estimates of age, sex, and country-specific incidence and mortality of 34 neoplasms in 54 African countries, were procured from GLOBOCAN 2020. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was employed as a proxy indicator of 5-year survival rates, and the socioeconomic development of each country was measured using its human development index (HDI). We regressed age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and MIR on HDI using linear regression model to determine the relationship between cancer burden and HDI. Maps were generated for each cancer group for each country in Africa. The data about the cancer infrastructure of African countries were extracted from the WHO Cancer Country Profiles. Results In Africa, an estimated 1.1 million new cases [95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) 1.0 - 1.3 million] and 711,429 [611,604 - 827,547] deaths occurred due to neoplasms in 2020. The ASIR was estimated to be 132.1/100,000, varying from 78.4/100,000 (Niger) to 212.5/100,000 (La Réunion) in 2020. The ASMR was 88.8/100,000 in Africa, ranging from 56.6/100,000 in the Republic of the Congo to 139.4/100,000 in Zimbabwe. The MIR of all cancer combined was 0.64 in Africa, varying from 0.49 in Mauritius to 0.78 in The Gambia. HDI had a significant negative correlation with MIR of all cancer groups combined and main cancer groups (prostate, breast, cervical and colorectal). HDI explained 75% of the variation in overall 5-year cancer survival (MIR). By 2040, the burden of all neoplasms combined is forecasted to increase to 2.1 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths in Africa. Conclusion High cancer mortality rates in Africa demand a holistic approach toward cancer control and management, including, but not limited to, boosting cancer awareness, adopting primary and secondary prevention, mitigating risk factors, improving cancer infrastructure and timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sharma
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashima
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehak Nanda
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Claudio Fronterre
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna E. Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kelsey Yenney
- Washington State University Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nina D. Arhin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John Oh
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | | | - Paddy Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
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13
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Sharma R, Aashima, Nanda M, Fronterre C, Sewagudde P, Ssentongo AE, Yenney K, Arhin ND, Oh J, Amponsah-Manu F, Ssentongo P. Mapping Cancer in Africa: A Comprehensive and Comparable Characterization of 34 Cancer Types Using Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020. Front Public Health 2022; 10:839835. [PMID: 35548083 PMCID: PMC9082420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.839835 10.3389/fpubh.2022.839835/full#:~:text=we%20examined%20the%20burden%20of,29)%20to%20711%2c000%20in%202020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer incidence and mortality rates in Africa are increasing, yet their geographic distribution and determinants are incompletely characterized. The present study aims to establish the spatial epidemiology of cancer burden in Africa and delineate the association between cancer burden and the country-level socioeconomic status. The study also examines the forecasts of the cancer burden for 2040 and evaluates infrastructure availability across all African countries. Methods The estimates of age, sex, and country-specific incidence and mortality of 34 neoplasms in 54 African countries, were procured from GLOBOCAN 2020. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was employed as a proxy indicator of 5-year survival rates, and the socioeconomic development of each country was measured using its human development index (HDI). We regressed age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and MIR on HDI using linear regression model to determine the relationship between cancer burden and HDI. Maps were generated for each cancer group for each country in Africa. The data about the cancer infrastructure of African countries were extracted from the WHO Cancer Country Profiles. Results In Africa, an estimated 1.1 million new cases [95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) 1.0 - 1.3 million] and 711,429 [611,604 - 827,547] deaths occurred due to neoplasms in 2020. The ASIR was estimated to be 132.1/100,000, varying from 78.4/100,000 (Niger) to 212.5/100,000 (La Réunion) in 2020. The ASMR was 88.8/100,000 in Africa, ranging from 56.6/100,000 in the Republic of the Congo to 139.4/100,000 in Zimbabwe. The MIR of all cancer combined was 0.64 in Africa, varying from 0.49 in Mauritius to 0.78 in The Gambia. HDI had a significant negative correlation with MIR of all cancer groups combined and main cancer groups (prostate, breast, cervical and colorectal). HDI explained 75% of the variation in overall 5-year cancer survival (MIR). By 2040, the burden of all neoplasms combined is forecasted to increase to 2.1 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths in Africa. Conclusion High cancer mortality rates in Africa demand a holistic approach toward cancer control and management, including, but not limited to, boosting cancer awareness, adopting primary and secondary prevention, mitigating risk factors, improving cancer infrastructure and timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sharma
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashima
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehak Nanda
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Claudio Fronterre
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna E. Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States,Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kelsey Yenney
- Washington State University Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nina D. Arhin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John Oh
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | | | - Paddy Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Paddy Ssentongo
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14
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Sharma R, Aashima, Nanda M, Fronterre C, Sewagudde P, Ssentongo AE, Yenney K, Arhin ND, Oh J, Amponsah-Manu F, Ssentongo P. Mapping Cancer in Africa: A Comprehensive and Comparable Characterization of 34 Cancer Types Using Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020. Front Public Health 2022; 10:839835. [PMID: 35548083 PMCID: PMC9082420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.839835 10.3389/fpubh.2022.839835/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer incidence and mortality rates in Africa are increasing, yet their geographic distribution and determinants are incompletely characterized. The present study aims to establish the spatial epidemiology of cancer burden in Africa and delineate the association between cancer burden and the country-level socioeconomic status. The study also examines the forecasts of the cancer burden for 2040 and evaluates infrastructure availability across all African countries. METHODS The estimates of age, sex, and country-specific incidence and mortality of 34 neoplasms in 54 African countries, were procured from GLOBOCAN 2020. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was employed as a proxy indicator of 5-year survival rates, and the socioeconomic development of each country was measured using its human development index (HDI). We regressed age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and MIR on HDI using linear regression model to determine the relationship between cancer burden and HDI. Maps were generated for each cancer group for each country in Africa. The data about the cancer infrastructure of African countries were extracted from the WHO Cancer Country Profiles. RESULTS In Africa, an estimated 1.1 million new cases [95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) 1.0 - 1.3 million] and 711,429 [611,604 - 827,547] deaths occurred due to neoplasms in 2020. The ASIR was estimated to be 132.1/100,000, varying from 78.4/100,000 (Niger) to 212.5/100,000 (La Réunion) in 2020. The ASMR was 88.8/100,000 in Africa, ranging from 56.6/100,000 in the Republic of the Congo to 139.4/100,000 in Zimbabwe. The MIR of all cancer combined was 0.64 in Africa, varying from 0.49 in Mauritius to 0.78 in The Gambia. HDI had a significant negative correlation with MIR of all cancer groups combined and main cancer groups (prostate, breast, cervical and colorectal). HDI explained 75% of the variation in overall 5-year cancer survival (MIR). By 2040, the burden of all neoplasms combined is forecasted to increase to 2.1 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths in Africa. CONCLUSION High cancer mortality rates in Africa demand a holistic approach toward cancer control and management, including, but not limited to, boosting cancer awareness, adopting primary and secondary prevention, mitigating risk factors, improving cancer infrastructure and timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sharma
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashima
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehak Nanda
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Claudio Fronterre
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna E. Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States,Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kelsey Yenney
- Washington State University Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nina D. Arhin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John Oh
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | | | - Paddy Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Paddy Ssentongo
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15
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Sharma R, Aashima, Nanda M, Fronterre C, Sewagudde P, Ssentongo AE, Yenney K, Arhin ND, Oh J, Amponsah-Manu F, Ssentongo P. Mapping Cancer in Africa: A Comprehensive and Comparable Characterization of 34 Cancer Types Using Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020. Front Public Health 2022; 10:839835. [PMID: 35548083 PMCID: PMC9082420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.839835+10.3389/fpubh.2022.839835/full#:~:text=we%20examined%20the%20burden%20of,29)%20to%20711%2c000%20in%202020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer incidence and mortality rates in Africa are increasing, yet their geographic distribution and determinants are incompletely characterized. The present study aims to establish the spatial epidemiology of cancer burden in Africa and delineate the association between cancer burden and the country-level socioeconomic status. The study also examines the forecasts of the cancer burden for 2040 and evaluates infrastructure availability across all African countries. METHODS The estimates of age, sex, and country-specific incidence and mortality of 34 neoplasms in 54 African countries, were procured from GLOBOCAN 2020. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was employed as a proxy indicator of 5-year survival rates, and the socioeconomic development of each country was measured using its human development index (HDI). We regressed age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and MIR on HDI using linear regression model to determine the relationship between cancer burden and HDI. Maps were generated for each cancer group for each country in Africa. The data about the cancer infrastructure of African countries were extracted from the WHO Cancer Country Profiles. RESULTS In Africa, an estimated 1.1 million new cases [95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) 1.0 - 1.3 million] and 711,429 [611,604 - 827,547] deaths occurred due to neoplasms in 2020. The ASIR was estimated to be 132.1/100,000, varying from 78.4/100,000 (Niger) to 212.5/100,000 (La Réunion) in 2020. The ASMR was 88.8/100,000 in Africa, ranging from 56.6/100,000 in the Republic of the Congo to 139.4/100,000 in Zimbabwe. The MIR of all cancer combined was 0.64 in Africa, varying from 0.49 in Mauritius to 0.78 in The Gambia. HDI had a significant negative correlation with MIR of all cancer groups combined and main cancer groups (prostate, breast, cervical and colorectal). HDI explained 75% of the variation in overall 5-year cancer survival (MIR). By 2040, the burden of all neoplasms combined is forecasted to increase to 2.1 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths in Africa. CONCLUSION High cancer mortality rates in Africa demand a holistic approach toward cancer control and management, including, but not limited to, boosting cancer awareness, adopting primary and secondary prevention, mitigating risk factors, improving cancer infrastructure and timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sharma
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashima
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehak Nanda
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Claudio Fronterre
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna E. Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States,Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kelsey Yenney
- Washington State University Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nina D. Arhin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John Oh
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | | | - Paddy Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Paddy Ssentongo
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Fortin S, Le Gall J, Payot A, Duval M. Decision-making and Poor Prognosis: When Death is Silenced by Action. Med Anthropol 2021; 41:183-196. [PMID: 34134551 DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2021.1928662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the hospital milieu, daily questions relate to highly invested areas such as quality of life and death issues, choices to continue or stop active treatment, and the legitimacy of those who take part in such decisions. Stemming from an ethnographic study carried out in a hematology-oncology transplant unit in a Montreal pediatric hospital, we discuss the decision-making process (or lack thereof) when a patient faces poor prognosis and the change of trajectory from a curative/disease directed to a palliative perspective. The intricate relationship between science, caregiver, and care receiver sustains action even when (near) death is the probable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antoine Payot
- Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine
| | - Michel Duval
- Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine
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