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Ujvári A, Fábián A, Lakatos B, Tokodi M, Ladányi Z, Sydó N, Csulak E, Vágó H, Juhász V, Grebur K, Szűcs A, Zámodics M, Babity M, Kiss O, Merkely B, Kovács A. Right Ventricular Structure and Function in Adolescent Athletes: A 3D Echocardiographic Study. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:473-480. [PMID: 38301728 PMCID: PMC11150038 DOI: 10.1055/a-2259-2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the right ventricular (RV) contraction pattern and its associations with exercise capacity in a large cohort of adolescent athletes using resting three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). We enrolled 215 adolescent athletes (16±1 years, 169 males, 12±6 hours of training/week) and compared them to 38 age and sex-matched healthy, sedentary adolescents. We measured the 3DE-derived biventricular ejection fractions (EF). We also determined the relative contributions of longitudinal EF (LEF/RVEF) and radial EF (REF/RVEF) to the RVEF. Same-day cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed to calculate VO2/kg. Both LV and RVEFs were significantly lower (athletes vs. controls; LVEF: 57±4 vs 61±3, RVEF: 55±5 vs 60±5%, p<0.001). Interestingly, while the relative contribution of radial shortening to the global RV EF was also reduced (REF/RVEF: 0.40±0.10 vs 0.49±0.06, p<0.001), the contribution of the longitudinal contraction was significantly higher in athletes (LEF/RVEF: 0.45±0.08 vs 0.40±0.07, p<0.01). The supernormal longitudinal shortening correlated weakly with a higher VO2/kg (r=0.138, P=0.044). Similarly to the adult athlete's heart, the cardiac adaptation of adolescent athletes comprises higher biventricular volumes and lower resting functional measures with supernormal RV longitudinal shortening. Characteristic exercise-induced structural and functional cardiac changes are already present in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Ujvári
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Fábián
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Lakatos
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Tokodi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Nóra Sydó
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Csulak
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Vágó
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vencel Juhász
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Grebur
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szűcs
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Zámodics
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Babity
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kovács
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Forsythe L, George K, Papadakis M, Mill N, Daniels M, Oxborough D. Seasonal variation of cardiac structure and function in the elite rugby football league athlete. Echo Res Pract 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 37817231 PMCID: PMC10566089 DOI: 10.1186/s44156-023-00026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-participation cardiac screening (PCS) of "Super-League" rugby football league (RFL) athletes is mandatory but may be completed at any time point. The aim of this study was to assess cardiac electrical, structural and functional variation across the competitive season. METHODS Elite, male, RFL athletes from a single Super-League club underwent cardiac evaluation using electrocardiography (ECG), 2D echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) at four time points across the RFL season; (1) End pre-season (ENDPRE), (2) mid-season (MIDCOMP), (3) end-season (ENDCOMP) and (4) End off-season (ENDOFF). Training loads for each time point were also determined. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Total workload undertaken by athletes was lower at both MIDCOMP and ENDCOMP compared to ENDPRE (P < 0.001). ECG patterns were normal with training-related changes that were largely consistent across assessments. Structural data did not vary across assessment points. Standard functional data was not different across assessment points but apical rotation and twist were higher at ENDPRE (9.83˚ and 16.55˚, respectively compared to all other time points (MIDCOMP, 6.13˚ and 12.62˚; ENDCOMP, 5.84˚ and 12.12˚; ENDOFF 6.60˚ and 12.35˚). CONCLUSIONS Despite some seasonal variation in training load, the athletes' ECG and cardiac structure were stable across a competitive season. Seasonal variation in left ventricular (LV) apical rotation and twist, associated with higher training loads, should be noted in the context of PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey Forsythe
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Keith George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK
| | - Michael Papadakis
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Nathan Mill
- St Helens Rugby Football League Club, St Helens, UK
| | - Matt Daniels
- St Helens Rugby Football League Club, St Helens, UK
| | - David Oxborough
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK
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Fayssoil A, Mansencal N, Nguyen LS, Nardi O, Yaou RB, Leturcq F, Amthor H, Wahbi K, Becane HM, Lofaso F, Prigent H, Bassez G, Behin A, Stojkovic T, Fontaine B, Duboc D, Dubourg O, Clair B, Laforet P, Annane D, Orlikowski D. Prognosis of Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027231. [PMID: 37581390 PMCID: PMC10492954 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic respiratory failure and heart involvement may occur in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of the right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Methods and Results We studied 90 genetically proven patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy from 2010 to 2019, to obtain respiratory function and Doppler echocardiographic RV systolic function. Prognostic value was assessed in terms of death and cardiac events. The median age was 27.5 years, and median forced vital capacity was at 10% of the predicted value: 83 patients (92%) were on home mechanical ventilation. An RV systolic dysfunction was found in 46 patients (51%). In patients without RV dysfunction at inclusion, a left ventricular systolic dysfunction at inclusion was associated with a higher risk of developing RV dysfunction during follow-up with an odds ratio of 4.5 (P=0.03). RV systolic dysfunction was significantly associated with cardiac events, mainly acute heart failure (62%) and cardiogenic shock (23%). In a multivariable Cox model, the adjusted hazard ratio was 4.96 (95% CI [1.09-22.6]; P=0.04). In terms of death, we found a significant difference between patients with RV dysfunction versus patients without RV dysfunction in the Kaplan-Meier curves (log-rank P=0.045). Conclusions RV systolic dysfunction is frequently present in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and is associated with increased risk of cardiac events, irrespective of left ventricular dysfunction and mechanical ventilation. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.org; unique identifier: NCT02501083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Fayssoil
- Cardiology DepartmentAssistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Raymond Poincaré HospitalGarchesFrance
- INSERM U1179, END‐ICAPMontigny‐le‐BretonneuxFrance
- Cardiology Department, Centre de référence des cardiomyopathies et des troubles du rythme cardiaque héréditaires ou raresAP‐HP, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Université de Versailles‐Saint Quentin (UVSQ)Boulogne‐BillancourtFrance
- Service de Réanimation médicale et unité de ventilation à domicileCHU Raymond Poincaré, APHP, UVSQGarchesFrance
| | - Nicolas Mansencal
- Cardiology Department, Centre de référence des cardiomyopathies et des troubles du rythme cardiaque héréditaires ou raresAP‐HP, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Université de Versailles‐Saint Quentin (UVSQ)Boulogne‐BillancourtFrance
- INSERM U‐1018, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP)Equipe Epidémiologie Clinique, UVSQVillejuifFrance
| | - Lee S. Nguyen
- Department of PharmacologySorbonne University, INSERM CIC Paris‐Est, AP‐HP, ICAN, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalParisFrance
- CMC Ambroise Paré, Research & Innovation (RICAP)Neuilly‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Olivier Nardi
- Service de Réanimation médicale et unité de ventilation à domicileCHU Raymond Poincaré, APHP, UVSQGarchesFrance
| | - Rabah Ben Yaou
- Institut de Myologie, CHU Pitié SalpetrièreParisFrance
- Centre de Recherche en MyologieSorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
- Laboratoire de biochimie et génétique moléculairehôpital Cochin, AP‐HP, université Paris Descartes‐Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - France Leturcq
- Institut de Myologie, CHU Pitié SalpetrièreParisFrance
- Centre de Recherche en MyologieSorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
- Laboratoire de biochimie et génétique moléculairehôpital Cochin, AP‐HP, université Paris Descartes‐Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Helge Amthor
- Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Raymond Poincaré, APHPUniversité de Versailles saint Quentin en YvelinesGarchesFrance
| | - Karim Wahbi
- Cardiology DepartmentAP‐HP, Cochin HospitalParisFrance
- Université Paris Descartes‐Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Henri Marc Becane
- Service de NeurologieCHU Raymond Poincaré, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en YvelinesGarchesFrance
| | - Frederic Lofaso
- Service de Physiologie, Explorations fonctionnelles, CHU Raymond Poincaré, APHPUniversité de Versailles saint Quentin en YvelinesGarchesFrance
| | - Helene Prigent
- Service de Physiologie, Explorations fonctionnelles, CHU Raymond Poincaré, APHPUniversité de Versailles saint Quentin en YvelinesGarchesFrance
| | - Guillaume Bassez
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Centre de référence neuro musculaire Paris EstParisFrance
- Institut de MyologieHôpital Universitaire Pitié SalpetrièreParisFrance
| | - Anthony Behin
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Centre de référence neuro musculaire Paris EstParisFrance
- Institut de MyologieHôpital Universitaire Pitié SalpetrièreParisFrance
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Centre de référence neuro musculaire Paris EstParisFrance
- Institut de MyologieHôpital Universitaire Pitié SalpetrièreParisFrance
| | - Bertrand Fontaine
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Centre de référence neuro musculaire Paris EstParisFrance
- Institut de MyologieHôpital Universitaire Pitié SalpetrièreParisFrance
| | - Denis Duboc
- Cardiology DepartmentAP‐HP, Cochin HospitalParisFrance
- Université Paris Descartes‐Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Olivier Dubourg
- Cardiology Department, Centre de référence des cardiomyopathies et des troubles du rythme cardiaque héréditaires ou raresAP‐HP, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Université de Versailles‐Saint Quentin (UVSQ)Boulogne‐BillancourtFrance
| | - Bernard Clair
- Service de Réanimation médicale et unité de ventilation à domicileCHU Raymond Poincaré, APHP, UVSQGarchesFrance
| | - Pascal Laforet
- Service de NeurologieCHU Raymond Poincaré, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en YvelinesGarchesFrance
| | - Djillali Annane
- Service de Réanimation médicale et unité de ventilation à domicileCHU Raymond Poincaré, APHP, UVSQGarchesFrance
| | - David Orlikowski
- Service de Réanimation médicale et unité de ventilation à domicileCHU Raymond Poincaré, APHP, UVSQGarchesFrance
- Centre d’Investigation clinique et Innovation technologique CIC 14.29, INSERMGarchesFrance
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Kleinnibbelink G, van Dijk APJ, Fornasiero A, Speretta GF, Johnson C, Sculthorpe N, George KP, Somauroo JD, Thijssen DHJ, Oxborough DL. Acute exercise-induced changes in cardiac function relates to right ventricular remodeling following 12-wk hypoxic exercise training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:511-519. [PMID: 34110231 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01075.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated ventricular exposure to alterations in workload may relate to subsequent cardiac remodeling. We examined whether baseline acute changes in right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function relate to chronic cardiac adaptation to 12-wk exercise training. Twenty-one healthy individuals performed 12-wk high-intensity endurance running training under hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen: 14.5%). Resting transthoracic echocardiography was performed before and after the training program to assess ventricular structure, function, and mechanics (including strain-area/volume loops). In addition, we examined systolic cardiac function during recumbent exercise under hypoxia at baseline (heart rate of 110-120 beats/min, "stress echocardiography"). Fifteen individuals completed training (22.0 ± 2.4 yr, 10 males). Hypoxic exercise training increased RV size, including diameter and area (all P < 0.05). With exception of an increase in RV fractional area change (P = 0.03), RV function did not change post-training (all P > 0.05). Regarding the RV strain-area loop, lower systolic and diastolic slopes were found post-training (P < 0.05). No adaptation in LV structure, function, or mechanics was observed (all P > 0.05). To answer our primary aim, we found that a greater increase in RV fractional area change during baseline stress echocardiography (r = -0.67, P = 0.01) inversely correlated with adaptation in RV basal diameter following 12-wk training. In conclusion, 12-wk high-intensity running hypoxic exercise training induced right-sided structural remodeling, which was, in part, related to baseline increase in RV fractional area change to acute exercise. These data suggest that acute cardiac responses to exercise may relate to subsequent RV remodeling after exercise training in healthy individuals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY During exercise, the right ventricle is exposed to a disproportionally higher wall stress than the left ventricle, which is further exaggerated under hypoxia. In this study, we showed that 12-wk high-intensity running hypoxic exercise training induced right-sided structural remodeling, which was, in part, related to baseline cardiac increase in RV fractional area change to acute exercise. These data suggest that acute RV responses to exercise are related to subsequent right ventricular remodeling in healthy individuals upon hypoxic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Kleinnibbelink
- Department of Physiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Arie P J van Dijk
- Department of Physiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Fornasiero
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,CeRiSM Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Guilherme F Speretta
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Christopher Johnson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Sculthorpe
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, United Kingdom
| | - Keith P George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John D Somauroo
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David L Oxborough
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Chevalier L, Corneloup L, Carré F, Mignot A, Jaussaud J, Gencel L, Clement-Guinaudeau S, Pospiech T. Aortic dilatation: Value of echocardiography in the systematic assessment of elite rugby players in the French National Rugby League (LNR). Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1078-1085. [PMID: 33421195 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The value of echocardiography in the screening of athletes in addition to the electrocardiogram is debated and still unclear. 336 rugby players in French professional divisions (Top 14, Pro D2) were prospectively assessed with electrocardiogram and echocardiography. 75% were Caucasian, 16.4% Pacific Islanders, and 8.6% Afro-Caribbean. Six (1.8%) players had electrocardiogram abnormalities, exclusively negative T waves. Twenty-one (6.25%) of them had abnormal echocardiography findings: one possible early hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, one anomalous origin of coronary artery, two left ventricular dilatations, one isolated bicuspid aortic valve, two aortic regurgitations, and 14 ascending aortic dilatations. The median aortic diameter was modestly correlated with age: 32 mm [23-48] in players aged ≤25 years vs 33.5 mm [24-50] in those aged >25 years (P = 0.02, correlation coefficient -.01). This tendency increased with cumulative hours of weight training: 34 mm [24-50] in forwards vs 32 mm [25-44] in backs (P = 0.01); and ethnicity, with Pacific Islanders having higher values in both raw data and body surface area or height-indexed data than Afro-Caribbeans and Caucasians: 34 [25-50] vs 32 [27-48] and 33 [23-49] mm (P = 0.017); 15 [12.2-21] vs 14.8 [11-19.9] and 14.8 [10-20.9] mm/m2 (P < 0.0001); 18.5 [14-25] mm/m vs 17.4 [14.8-25] mm/m and 17.6 [12.2-25.3] mm/m (P = 0.0125). In a population of professional rugby players, echocardiography was contributive. The main anomaly was aortic dilatation (14/336, 4.2%). While this is proportionally much higher than in other sports, the cutoffs need to be defined more precisely by including the criterion of ethnicity, as is already the case for electrocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Chevalier
- Clinique du Sport, Bordeaux-Mérignac, Mérignac, France.,Ligue Nationale Rugby, Paris, France
| | - Luc Corneloup
- Clinique du Sport, Bordeaux-Mérignac, Mérignac, France
| | - Francois Carré
- Univ Rennes 1, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, Rennes, France
| | - Aude Mignot
- Clinique du Sport, Bordeaux-Mérignac, Mérignac, France
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Yaman B, Akpınar O, Kemal HS, Cerit L, Sezenöz B, Açıkgöz E, Duygu H. The beneficial effect of low-intensity exercise on cardiac performance assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Echocardiography 2020; 37:1989-1999. [PMID: 33070385 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity is associated with cardiovascular health; however, intensive exercise can have harmful effects on the heart. Two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a well-established diagnostic tool to evaluate subclinical myocardial dysfunction and has been widely used in athletes in recent years. This study is designed to evaluate whether low-intensity exercise has beneficial effects on myocardial performance. We aimed to evaluate systolic and diastolic functions of myocardium derived from STE in sports practitioners in a low-intensity exercise training program. METHOD Eighty-four sports practitioners and eighty-two sedentary healthy controls were prospectively included in our study. In addition to standard 2D echocardiographic measurements, left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS), right ventricular (RV) GLS, RV-free wall strain (FWS), left atrium (LA) strain, and strain rate were analyzed. RESULTS Mean LV GLS was significantly higher in sports practitioners compared with sedentary population (-19.21 ± 2.61% vs -18.37 ± 2.75%, P = .044). RV GLS was significantly higher in sports practitioners than sedentary population (-21.82 ± 4.86% vs -20.04 ± 4.62%, P = .016). Longitudinal strain and strain rate of LA conduit phase were significantly higher in sports practitioners than sedentary participants (-23.60 ± 6.83% vs -20.20 ± 6.64%, P = .001; -2.45 ± 0.81 L/s vs -2.10 ± 0.89 L/s, P = .010; respectively). Also, LA conduit phase strain/contraction phase strain and conduit phase strain rate/contraction phase strain rate ratios were higher in sports practitioners (1.88 ± 0.93 vs 1.48 ± 0.63, P = .001; 1.42 ± 0.65 vs 1.16 ± 0.53, P = .005; respectively). CONCLUSION The findings in the current study suggest that regular low-intensity exercise may have a beneficial effect on both systolic and diastolic functions of the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Yaman
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Onur Akpınar
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hatice S Kemal
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Levent Cerit
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Burak Sezenöz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eser Açıkgöz
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamza Duygu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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