1
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Viña J, Borrás C, Mas-Bargues C. Free radicals in Alzheimer's disease: From pathophysiology to clinical trial results. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 225:296-301. [PMID: 39370055 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we examine the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Amyloid-beta (Aβ) induces damage not only extracellularly but also within the intracellular environment. Mitochondria, a principal source of free radicals, are closely associated with Aβ, as it binds to heme, thereby disrupting the normal electron flow in the respiratory chain. At the turn of the century, it was hypothesized that the majority, if not all, pathological events in AD are linked to free radical damage. Notably, free radicals also possess signaling capabilities that contribute to the disease's progression. A substantial body of evidence suggests that radical signaling is implicated in the relationship between amyloid-β and tau hyperphosphorylation. Antioxidant therapy represents a potential strategy to delay the progression from cognitive impairment to overt dementia. Enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses, for instance, through polyphenol supplementation, offers a promising approach to partially prevent dementia onset, particularly in at-risk populations. Understanding the redox-related pathophysiology of AD opens new avenues for prevention and treatment, providing a source of hope in the fight against Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
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2
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Drakontaeidi A, Pontiki E. Multi-Target-Directed Cinnamic Acid Hybrids Targeting Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:582. [PMID: 38203753 PMCID: PMC10778916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing challenge. Present therapies are based on acetylcholinesterase inhibition providing only temporary relief. Promising alternatives include butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors, multi-target ligands (MTDLs) that address the multi-factorial nature of AD, and compounds that target oxidative stress and inflammation. Cinnamate derivatives, known for their neuroprotective properties, show potential when combined with established AD agents, demonstrating improved efficacy. They are being positioned as potential AD therapeutic leads due to their ability to inhibit Aβ accumulation and provide neuroprotection. This article highlights the remarkable potential of cinnamic acid as a basic structure that is easily adaptable and combinable to different active groups in the struggle against Alzheimer's disease. Compounds with a methoxy substitution at the para-position of cinnamic acid display increased efficacy, whereas electron-withdrawing groups are generally more effective. The effect of the molecular volume is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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3
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Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Butterfield DA. Oxidative damage in neurodegeneration: roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:103-197. [PMID: 37843394 PMCID: PMC11281823 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with multiple etiologies and pathological mechanisms, among which oxidative stress (OS) appears as a major determinant. Intriguingly, OS arises in various pathways regulating brain functions, and it seems to link different hypotheses and mechanisms of AD neuropathology with high fidelity. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, mainly because of its unique lipid composition, resulting in an amplified cascade of redox reactions that target several cellular components/functions ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. The present review highlights the "OS hypothesis of AD," including amyloid beta-peptide-associated mechanisms, the role of lipid and protein oxidation unraveled by redox proteomics, and the antioxidant strategies that have been investigated to modulate the progression of AD. Collected studies from our groups and others have contributed to unraveling the close relationships between perturbation of redox homeostasis in the brain and AD neuropathology by elucidating redox-regulated events potentially involved in both the pathogenesis and progression of AD. However, the complexity of AD pathological mechanisms requires an in-depth understanding of several major intracellular pathways affecting redox homeostasis and relevant for brain functions. This understanding is crucial to developing pharmacological strategies targeting OS-mediated toxicity that may potentially contribute to slow AD progression as well as improve the quality of life of persons with this severe dementing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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4
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Lv S, Wang Q, Liu W, Zhang X, Cui M, Li X, Xu Y. Comparison of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients: A network meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 115:105113. [PMID: 37418819 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise helps enhance cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients, although the most effective forms of exercise remain unknown. METHODS This network meta-analysis was registered in INPLASY (INPLASY202330066). According to predetermined criteria, this investigation comprised randomized controlled studies involving exercise therapies in people with Alzheimer's disease. The exercise intervention was ranked using surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) and mean ranking, with the critical goal outcomes being overall cognition, executive function, and memory function. RESULTS Resistance exercise is the most likely strategy to be beneficial for slowing down overall cognitive function loss in Alzheimer's patients (72.4%). Additionally, multi-component exercise was the most effective way to improve executive function (30.4%). The only type of exercise that significantly affects memory function is resistance exercise. Memory is the cognitive function that is least responsive to exercise. CONCLUSION Resistance exercise may be an efficient intervention for overall cognitive function decline in patients with Alzheimer's and conjointly for their memory function. Multi-component exercise is more effective in improving executive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
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5
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Khezri MR, Esmaeili A, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Role of Bmal1 and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Pathophysiology: The Probable Effect of Melatonin on Their Association. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3883-3893. [PMID: 37823531 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of new factors in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases has been investigated. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Although pathological changes such as the accumulation of aggregated proteins in the brain and inflammatory responses are known as the main factors involved in the development of these diseases, new studies show the role of gut microbiota and circadian rhythm in the occurrence of these changes. However, the association between circadian rhythm and gut microbiota in AD and PD has not yet been investigated. Recent results propose that alterations in circadian rhythm regulators, mainly Bmal1, may regulate the abundance of gut microbiota. This correlation has been linked to the regulation of the expression of immune-related genes and Bmal-1 mediated oscillation of IgA and hydrogen peroxide production. These data seem to provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of melatonin inhibiting the progression of AD and PD. Therefore, this manuscript aims to review the role of the gut microbiota and circadian rhythm in health and AD and PD and also presents a hypothesis on the effect of melatonin on their communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Faculty of Pharmacy. Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran
| | - Ayda Esmaeili
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5715799313, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5715799313, Iran
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6
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Ye X, Zhang H, Li Q, Ren H, Xu X, Li X. Structural-Activity Relationship of Rare Ginsenosides from Red Ginseng in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108625. [PMID: 37239965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare ginsenosides are the major components of red ginseng. However, there has been little research into the relationship between the structure of ginsenosides and their anti-inflammatory activity. In this work, BV-2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or nigericin, the anti-inflammatory activity of eight rare ginsenosides, and the target proteins expression of AD were compared. In addition, the Morris water maze test, HE staining, thioflavins staining, and urine metabonomics were used to evaluate the effect of Rh4 on AD mice. Our results showed that their configuration influences the anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenosides. Ginsenosides Rk1, Rg5, Rk3, and Rh4 have significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to ginsenosides S-Rh1, R-Rh1, S-Rg3, and R-Rg3. Ginsenosides S-Rh1 and S-Rg3 have more pronounced anti-inflammatory activity than ginsenosides R-Rh1 and R-Rg3, respectively. Furthermore, the two pairs of stereoisomeric ginsenosides can significantly reduce the level of NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC in BV-2 cells. Interestingly, Rh4 can improve the learning ability of AD mice, improve cognitive impairment, reduce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and Aβ deposition, and regulate AD-related pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the sphingolipid metabolism. Our findings conclude that rare ginsenosides with a double bond have more anti-inflammatory activity than those without, and 20(S)-ginsenosides have more excellent anti-inflammatory activity than 20(R)-ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Ye
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qian Li
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hongmin Ren
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiangri Li
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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7
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Schmicker M, Frühling I, Menze I, Glanz W, Müller P, Noesselt T, Müller NG. The Potential Role of Gustatory Function as an Early Diagnostic Marker for the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in Subjective Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:249-262. [PMID: 37090958 PMCID: PMC10116167 DOI: 10.3233/adr220092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) report memory deterioration and are at an increased risk of converting to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) although psychophysical testing does not reveal any cognitive deficit. Objective: Here, gustatory function is investigated as a potential predictor for an increased risk of progressive cognitive decline indicating higher AD risk in SCD. Methods: Measures of smell and taste perception as well as neuropsychological data were assessed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD): Subgroups with an increased likelihood of the progression to preclinical AD (SCD+) and those with a lower likelihood (SCD–) were compared to healthy controls (HC), patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD patients. The Sniffin’ Sticks test contained 12 items with different qualities and taste was measured with 32 taste stripes (sweet, salty, bitter, sour) of different concentration. Results: Only taste was able to distinguish between HC/SCD– and SCD+ patients. Conclusion: This study provides a first hint of taste as a more sensitive marker than smell for detecting preclinical AD in SCD. Longitudinal observation of cognition and pathology are necessary to further evaluate taste perception as a predictor of pathological objective decline in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Schmicker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Insa Frühling
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inga Menze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- University Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C)
| | - Toemme Noesselt
- Biological Psychology, Faculty of Natural Science, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G. Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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8
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Qiu W, Liu H, Liu Y, Lu X, Wang L, Hu Y, Feng F, Li Q, Sun H. Regulation of beta-amyloid for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Research progress of therapeutic strategies and bioactive compounds. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36945751 DOI: 10.1002/med.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to treat. Extracellular amyloid is the principal pathological criterion for the diagnosis of AD. Amyloid β (Aβ) interacts with various receptor molecules on the plasma membrane and mediates a series of signaling pathways that play a vital role in the occurrence and development of AD. Research on receptors that interact with Aβ is currently ongoing. Overall, there are no effective medications to treat AD. In this review, we first discuss the importance of Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD, then summarize the latest progress of Aβ-related targets and compounds. Finally, we put forward the challenges and opportunities in the development of effective AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyu Hu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, Jiangsu, Huaian, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Tokushige SI, Matsumoto H, Matsuda SI, Inomata-Terada S, Kotsuki N, Hamada M, Tsuji S, Ugawa Y, Terao Y. Early detection of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease using eye tracking. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1123456. [PMID: 37025964 PMCID: PMC10070704 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1123456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are known to exhibit visuospatial processing impairment, as reflected in eye movements from the early stages of the disease. We investigated whether the pattern of gaze exploration during visual tasks could be useful for detecting cognitive decline at the earliest stage. Methods Sixteen AD patients (age: 79.1 ± 7.9 years, Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] score: 17.7 ± 5.3, mean ± standard deviation) and 16 control subjects (age: 79.4 ± 4.6, MMSE score: 26.9 ± 2.4) participated. In the visual memory task, subjects memorized presented line drawings for later recall. In the visual search tasks, they searched for a target Landolt ring of specific orientation (serial search task) or color (pop-out task) embedded among arrays of distractors. Using video-oculography, saccade parameters, patterns of gaze exploration, and pupil size change during task performance were recorded and compared between AD and control subjects. Results In the visual memory task, the number of informative regions of interest (ROIs) fixated was significantly reduced in AD patients compared to control subjects. In the visual search task, AD patients took a significantly longer time and more saccades to detect the target in the serial but not in pop-out search. In both tasks, there was no significant difference in the saccade frequency and amplitude between groups. On-task pupil modulation during the serial search task was decreased in AD. The number of ROIs fixated in the visual memory task and search time and saccade numbers in the serial search task differentiated both groups of subjects with high sensitivity, whereas saccade parameters of pupil size modulation were effective in confirming normal cognition from cognitive decline with high specificity. Discussion Reduced fixation on informative ROIs reflected impaired attentional allocation. Increased search time and saccade numbers in the visual search task indicated inefficient visual processing. Decreased on-task pupil size during visual search suggested decreased pupil modulation with cognitive load in AD patients, reflecting impaired function of the locus coeruleus. When patients perform the combination of these tasks to visualize multiple aspects of visuospatial processing, cognitive decline can be detected at an early stage with high sensitivity and specificity and its progression be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Tokushige
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Naoki Kotsuki
- Department of Neurology, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Hamada
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasuo Terao,
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10
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Zhu G, Bai P, Wang K, Mi J, Yang J, Hu J, Ban Y, Xu R, Chen R, Wang C, Tang L, Sang Z. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel O-alkyl ferulamide derivatives as multifunctional ligands for treating Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1375-1388. [PMID: 35549612 PMCID: PMC9116242 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2073442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a series of novel O-alkyl ferulamide derivatives were designed and synthesised through the multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy. The biological activities in vitro showed that compounds 5a, 5d, 5e, 5f, and 5h indicated significantly selective MAO-B inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.32, 0.56, 0.54, 0.73, and 0.86 μM, respectively) and moderate antioxidant activity. Moreover, compounds 5a, 5d, 5e, 5f, and 5h showed potent anti-inflammatory properties, remarkable effects on self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation, and potent neuroprotective effect on Aβ1-42-induced PC12 cell injury. Furthermore, compounds 5a, 5d, 5e, 5f, and 5h presented good blood-brain barrier permeation in vitro and drug-like properties. More interesting, the PET/CT images with [11C]5f demonstrated that [11C]5f could penetrate the BBB with a high brain uptake and exhibited good brain clearance kinetic property. Therefore, compound 5f would be a promising multi-functional agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Bai
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Keren Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jing Mi
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yujuan Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Changning Wang
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhipei Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
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11
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Antman-Passig M, Wong E, Frost GR, Cupo C, Shah J, Agustinus A, Chen Z, Mancinelli C, Kamel M, Li T, Jonas LA, Li YM, Heller DA. Optical Nanosensor for Intracellular and Intracranial Detection of Amyloid-Beta. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7269-7283. [PMID: 35420796 PMCID: PMC9710299 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition occurs in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the early detection of Aβ is a persistent challenge. Herein, we engineered a near-infrared optical nanosensor capable of detecting Aβ intracellularly in live cells and intracranially in vivo. The sensor is composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with Aβ wherein Aβ-Aβ interactions drive the response. We found that the Aβ nanosensors selectively responded to Aβ via solvatochromic modulation of the near-infrared emission of the nanotube. The sensor tracked Aβ accumulation in live cells and, upon intracranial administration in a genetic model of AD, signaled distinct responses in aged mice. This technology enables the interrogation of molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ neurotoxicity in the development of AD in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Antman-Passig
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Georgia R Frost
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christian Cupo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Janki Shah
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Albert Agustinus
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Program of Physiology, Biophysics, & Systems Biology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Chiara Mancinelli
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Maikel Kamel
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Thomas Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Lauren A Jonas
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Physiology, Biophysics, & Systems Biology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
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12
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Restifo LL. Unraveling the Gordian knot: genetics and the troubled road to effective therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. Genetics 2022; 220:iyab185. [PMID: 34718566 PMCID: PMC8733445 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the late 20th century, identification of the major protein components of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles provided a window into the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease, ushering in an era of optimism that targeted therapeutics would soon follow. The amyloid-cascade hypothesis took hold very early, supported by discoveries that dominant mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 cause the very rare, early-onset, familial forms of the disease. However, in the past decade, a stunning series of failed Phase-3 clinical trials, testing anti-amyloid antibodies or processing-enzyme inhibitors, prompts the question, What went wrong? The FDA's recent controversial approval of aducanumab, despite widespread concerns about efficacy and safety, only amplifies the question. The assumption that common, late-onset Alzheimer's is a milder form of familial disease was not adequately questioned. The differential timing of discoveries, including blood-brain-barrier-penetrant tracers for imaging of plaques and tangles, made it easy to focus on amyloid. Furthermore, the neuropathology community initially implemented Alzheimer's diagnostic criteria based on plaques only. The discovery that MAPT mutations cause frontotemporal dementia with tauopathy made it even easier to overlook the tangles in Alzheimer's. Many important findings were simply ignored. The accepted mouse models did not predict the human clinical trials data. Given this lack of pharmacological validity, input from geneticists in collaboration with neuroscientists is needed to establish criteria for valid models of Alzheimer's disease. More generally, scientists using genetic model organisms as whole-animal bioassays can contribute to building the pathogenesis network map of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Restifo
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
- BIO5 Interdisciplinary Research Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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13
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Co NT, Li MS, Krupa P. Computational Models for the Study of Protein Aggregation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2340:51-78. [PMID: 35167070 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1546-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation has been studied by many groups around the world for many years because it can be the cause of a number of neurodegenerative diseases that have no effective treatment. Obtaining the structure of related fibrils and toxic oligomers, as well as describing the pathways and main factors that govern the self-organization process, is of paramount importance, but it is also very difficult. To solve this problem, experimental and computational methods are often combined to get the most out of each method. The effectiveness of the computational approach largely depends on the construction of a reasonable molecular model. Here we discussed different versions of the four most popular all-atom force fields AMBER, CHARMM, GROMOS, and OPLS, which have been developed for folded and intrinsically disordered proteins, or both. Continuous and discrete coarse-grained models, which were mainly used to study the kinetics of aggregation, are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Truong Co
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pawel Krupa
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Sang Z, Song Q, Cao Z, Deng Y, Zhang L. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of chalcone-Vitamin E-donepezil hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:69-85. [PMID: 34894968 PMCID: PMC8667902 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1993845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of chalcone-Vitamin E-donepezil hybrids was designed and developed based on multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy for treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The biological results revealed that compound 17f showed good AChE inhibitory potency (ratAChE IC50 = 0.41 µM; eeAChE IC50 = 1.88 µM). Both the kinetic analysis and docking study revealed that 17f was a mixed type AChE inhibitor. 17f was also a good antioxidant (ORAC = 3.3 eq), selective metal chelator and huMAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 8.8 µM). Moreover, it showed remarkable inhibition of self- and Cu2+-induced Aβ1–42 aggregation with a 78.0 and 93.5% percentage rate at 25 µM, respectively, and disassembled self-induced and Cu2+-induced aggregation of the accumulated Aβ1–42 fibrils with 72.3 and 84.5% disaggregation rate, respectively. More importantly, 17f exhibited a good neuroprotective effect on H2O2-induced PC12 cell injury and presented good blood-brain barrier permeability in vitro. Thus, 17f was a promising multi-target-directed ligand for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipei Sang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongcheng Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Elderly Digestive, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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15
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Kurmyshev MV, Pak MV, Savilov VB. [Dynamics of cognitive functions in elderly and old people after completing a comprehensive neurocognitive rehabilitation program]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:113-116. [PMID: 34874665 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in the dynamics of cognitive functions in the elderly and old people during a comprehensive neurocognitive rehabilitation program with- and without drug therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-six patients, aged 53-88 years, with cognitive impairment of varying degrees are divided into two groups depending on the presence/absence of drug therapy during the neurocognitive rehabilitation program. Assessment of cognitive functions was carried out twice: at the beginning and at the end of the rehabilitation program using international cognitive status assessment scales (MMSE and MoCA). RESULTS The analysis of the dynamics of cognitive functions revealed the high efficiency of the neurocognitive rehabilitation program in both groups. The results of the study demonstrate insignificant differences in the dynamics of cognitive functions in the two groups, however, a clear direct effect of drug therapy on changes in cognitive functions has not been established. An analysis of the statistical significance of the data did not reveal differences. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the positive dynamics of cognitive functions in the elderly and old people who underwent the neurocognitive rehabilitation program both with the use of drug therapy and without its use. The issue of the need to use drugs in the framework of this program requires further study. The results of the study can be used in planning programs of psychological, medical and social support for the elderly and old people.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Kurmyshev
- Alexeev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1 Moscow City Health Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Pak
- Alexeev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1 Moscow City Health Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - V B Savilov
- Alexeev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1 Moscow City Health Department, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Kreeke JA, Nguyen HT, Konijnenberg E, Tomassen J, Braber A, Kate M, Yaqub M, Berckel B, Lammertsma AA, Boomsma DI, Tan HS, Visser PJ, Verbraak FD. Longitudinal retinal layer changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:538-544. [PMID: 33073531 PMCID: PMC8451744 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several studies found reduced retinal thickness on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), even in preclinical stages, labelling this technique of interest as biomarker. In this study, we examine retinal thickness changes in preclinical AD, as defined by cognitively normal individuals with amyloid‐beta (Aβ) on positron emission tomography (PET). Methods For this monocentre study, 145 cognitively healthy monozygotic twins aged ≥ 60 were included from the Netherlands Twin Register taking part in the EMIF‐AD PreclinAD study. At baseline, participants underwent [18F] flutemetamol PET that was visually rated for cortical Aβ. Binding potential was calculated as continuous measure for Aβ. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed at baseline and after 22 months to assess changes in total and individual inner retinal layer thickness in the macular region (ETDRS circles) and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness. Differences in rate of change between amyloid‐beta positive and negative individuals and associations between binding potential and change in retinal thickness were evaluated. Results Sixteen participants (11%) were positive for Aβ. Change in retinal thickness did not differ in any region between Aβ+ and Aβ− individuals. A positive association between binding potential and change in inner plexiform layer thickness was observed in the inner macular ring (beta = 1.708, CI = 0.575 to 2.841, p = 0.003). Conclusion Aβ+ individuals did not differ in rate of change of any retinal layer compared to controls, but higher binding potential at baseline was associated with less IPL thinning over time. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a longitudinal screening tool for preclinical AD seems limited, but IPL changes offer leads for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacoba A. Kreeke
- Ophthalmology Dept. Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hoang Ton Nguyen
- Ophthalmology Dept. Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Elles Konijnenberg
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jori Tomassen
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Braber
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Dept. of Biological Psychology VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Mara Kate
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bart Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A. Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Dept. of Biological Psychology VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - H. Stevie Tan
- Ophthalmology Dept. Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Frank D. Verbraak
- Ophthalmology Dept. Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
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17
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Lourbopoulos A, Mourouzis I, Xinaris C, Zerva N, Filippakis K, Pavlopoulos A, Pantos C. Translational Block in Stroke: A Constructive and "Out-of-the-Box" Reappraisal. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:652403. [PMID: 34054413 PMCID: PMC8160233 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.652403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Why can we still not translate preclinical research to clinical treatments for acute strokes? Despite > 1000 successful preclinical studies, drugs, and concepts for acute stroke, only two have reached clinical translation. This is the translational block. Yet, we continue to routinely model strokes using almost the same concepts we have used for over 30 years. Methodological improvements and criteria from the last decade have shed some light but have not solved the problem. In this conceptual analysis, we review the current status and reappraise it by thinking "out-of-the-box" and over the edges. As such, we query why other scientific fields have also faced the same translational failures, to find common denominators. In parallel, we query how migraine, multiple sclerosis, and hypothermia in hypoxic encephalopathy have achieved significant translation successes. Should we view ischemic stroke as a "chronic, relapsing, vascular" disease, then secondary prevention strategies are also a successful translation. Finally, based on the lessons learned, we propose how stroke should be modeled, and how preclinical and clinical scientists, editors, grant reviewers, and industry should reconsider their routine way of conducting research. Translational success for stroke treatments may eventually require a bold change with solutions that are outside of the box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Lourbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurointensive Care Unit, Schoen Klinik Bad Aibling, Bad Aibling, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christodoulos Xinaris
- IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Bergamo, Italy
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nefeli Zerva
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Filippakis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Pavlopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Wang K, Shi J, Zhou Y, He Y, Mi J, Yang J, Liu S, Tang X, Liu W, Tan Z, Sang Z. Design, synthesis and evaluation of cinnamic acid hybrids as multi-target-directed agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104879. [PMID: 33915461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, combining 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and benzylpiperidine groups into cinnamic acid derivatives, a series of novel cinnamic acid hybrids was rationally designed, synthesized and evaluated by the multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy. Hybrid 4e was the most promising one among these hybrids with a reversible huBuChE inhibitor (IC50 = 2.5 μM) and good MAO-B inhibition activity (IC50 = 1.3 μM) and antioxidant potency (ORAC = 0.4 eq). Moreover, compound 4e significantly inhibited self-mediated Aβ1-42 aggregation (65.2% inhibition rate). Compound 4e exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory propery and neuroprotective effect. Furthermore, compound 4e displayed favourable blood-brain barrier penetration via parallel artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA). The obtained results also revealed that compound 4e significantly improved dyskinesia recovery rate and response efficiency on AD model zebrafish. Further, 4e did not show obvious acute toxicity at dose up to 1500 mg/kg in vivo and improved scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Importantly, compound 4e showed good stability in both artificial gastric fluid and artificial intestinal fluid. Therefore, compound 4e presented a promising multi-targeted active molecule for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jian Shi
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Ying He
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jing Mi
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xiangcheng Tang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Wenmin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Zhenghuai Tan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhipei Sang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
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19
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Zhou X, Qiu S, Joshi PS, Xue C, Killiany RJ, Mian AZ, Chin SP, Au R, Kolachalama VB. Enhancing magnetic resonance imaging-driven Alzheimer's disease classification performance using generative adversarial learning. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:60. [PMID: 33715635 PMCID: PMC7958452 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generative adversarial networks (GAN) can produce images of improved quality but their ability to augment image-based classification is not fully explored. We evaluated if a modified GAN can learn from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of multiple magnetic field strengths to enhance Alzheimer's disease (AD) classification performance. METHODS T1-weighted brain MRI scans from 151 participants of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), who underwent both 1.5-Tesla (1.5-T) and 3-Tesla imaging at the same time were selected to construct a GAN model. This model was trained along with a three-dimensional fully convolutional network (FCN) using the generated images (3T*) as inputs to predict AD status. Quality of the generated images was evaluated using signal to noise ratio (SNR), Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator (BRISQUE) and Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE). Cases from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL, n = 107) and the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC, n = 565) were used for model validation. RESULTS The 3T*-based FCN classifier performed better than the FCN model trained using the 1.5-T scans. Specifically, the mean area under curve increased from 0.907 to 0.932, from 0.934 to 0.940, and from 0.870 to 0.907 on the ADNI test, AIBL, and NACC datasets, respectively. Additionally, we found that the mean quality of the generated (3T*) images was consistently higher than the 1.5-T images, as measured using SNR, BRISQUE, and NIQE on the validation datasets. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a proof of principle that GAN frameworks can be constructed to augment AD classification performance and improve image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Evans 636, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Computer Science, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shangran Qiu
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Evans 636, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Physics, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prajakta S Joshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of General Dentistry, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chonghua Xue
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Evans 636, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ronald J Killiany
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asim Z Mian
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sang P Chin
- Department of Computer Science, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center of Mathematical Sciences & Applications, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Evans 636, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Mladenovic Djordjevic AN, Kapetanou M, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N, Todorovic S, Athanasopoulou S, Jovic M, Prvulovic M, Taoufik E, Matsas R, Kanazir S, Gonos ES. Pharmacological intervention in a transgenic mouse model improves Alzheimer's-associated pathological phenotype: Involvement of proteasome activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:88-103. [PMID: 33279620 PMCID: PMC7889698 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, characterized by a progressive decline in a variety of cognitive and non-cognitive functions. The amyloid beta protein cascade hypothesis places the formation of amyloid beta protein aggregates on the first position in the complex pathological cascade leading to neurodegeneration, and therefore AD might be considered to be a protein-misfolding disease. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS), being the primary protein degradation mechanism with a fundamental role in the maintenance of proteostasis, has been identified as a putative therapeutic target to delay and/or to decelerate the progression of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by accumulated/aggregated proteins. The purpose of this study was to test if the activation of proteasome in vivo can alleviate AD pathology. Specifically by using two compounds with complementary modes of proteasome activation and documented antioxidant and redox regulating properties in the 5xFAD transgenic mice model of AD, we ameliorated a number of AD related deficits. Shortly after proteasome activation we detected significantly reduced amyloid-beta load correlated with improved motor functions, reduced anxiety and frailty level. Essentially, to our knowledge this is the first report to demonstrate a dual activation of the proteasome and its downstream effects. In conclusion, these findings open up new directions for future therapeutic potential of proteasome-mediated proteolysis enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra N Mladenovic Djordjevic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marianna Kapetanou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Natasa Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Molecular Nutrition and Health Lab, CEDOC - Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Edifício CEDOC II, Rua Câmara Pestana 6, 1150-082, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sofia Athanasopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece; Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Milena Jovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Prvulovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Era Taoufik
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca Matsas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece.
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21
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Yu L, Shi J, Cheng X, Wang K, Liu S, Liu W, Sang Z. Development of Phthalimide-Donepezil Hybrids as Potent Multitarget- Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999200420120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Due to the complex etiology of AD, multi-target-directed ligands
(MTDLs), combining two or more distinct pharmacological moieties, have been developed in both
symptomatic and disease-modifying efficiencies and are considered as an effective way for the
treatment of AD.
Methods:
To test their biological activities, including AChE/BChE inhibitory activity and MAOA/
MAO-B inhibitory activity. In addition, molecular modeling studies were performed to afford
insight into the binding mode.
Results:
The results displayed that compound 4c showed the best AChE inhibitory
activity with an IC50 value of 4.2 μM, which was supported by the kinetic study and docking study.
Compound 4c was also a selective MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 8.2 μM). Moreover, compound 4c
could cross the blood-brain barrier in vitro.
Conclusion:
Compound 4c deserved to further study as a potential multifunctional agent for the
treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jian Shi
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xinfeng Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Keren Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Wenmin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Zhipei Sang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
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22
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De la Rosa A, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Arc-Chagnaud C, Millan F, Salvador-Pascual A, García-Lucerga C, Blasco-Lafarga C, Garcia-Dominguez E, Carretero A, Correas AG, Viña J, Gomez-Cabrera MC. Physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:394-404. [PMID: 32780691 PMCID: PMC7498620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is by no means an inevitable consequence of growing old. Several lifestyle factors may increase, or reduce, an individual's risk of developing AD. Much has been written over the ages about the benefits of exercise and physical activity. Among the risk factors associated with AD is a low level of physical activity. The relationship between physical and mental health was established several years ago. In this review, we discuss the role of exercise (aerobic and resistance) training as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of AD. Older adults who exercise are more likely to maintain cognition. We address the main protective mechanism on brain function modulated by physical exercise by examining both human and animal studies. We will pay especial attention to the potential role of exercise in the modulation of amyloid β turnover, inflammation, synthesis and release of neurotrophins, and improvements in cerebral blood flow. Promoting changes in lifestyle in presymptomatic and predementia disease stages may have the potential for delaying one-third of dementias worldwide. Multimodal interventions that include the adoption of an active lifestyle should be recommended for older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian De la Rosa
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBERFES, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBERFES, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Coralie Arc-Chagnaud
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBERFES, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain; INRA, UMR866 Muscle dynamics and metabolism, University of Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Fernando Millan
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBERFES, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Andrea Salvador-Pascual
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBERFES, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | | | | | - Esther Garcia-Dominguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBERFES, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Aitor Carretero
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBERFES, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Angela G Correas
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBERFES, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBERFES, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBERFES, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain.
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23
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Yoo SJ, Son G, Bae J, Kim SY, Yoo YK, Park D, Baek SY, Chang KA, Suh YH, Lee YB, Hwang KS, Kim Y, Moon C. Longitudinal profiling of oligomeric Aβ in human nasal discharge reflecting cognitive decline in probable Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11234. [PMID: 32641719 PMCID: PMC7343787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite clinical evidence indicating a close relationship between olfactory dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), further investigations are warranted to determine the diagnostic potential of nasal surrogate biomarkers for AD. In this study, we first identified soluble amyloid-β (Aβ), the key biomarker of AD, in patient nasal discharge using proteomic analysis. Then, we profiled the significant differences in Aβ oligomers level between patient groups with mild or moderate cognitive decline (n = 39) and an age-matched normal control group (n = 21) by immunoblot analysis and comparing the levels of Aβ by a self-standard method with interdigitated microelectrode sensor systems. All subjects received the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) for grouping. We observed higher levels of Aβ oligomers in probable AD subjects with lower MMSE, higher CDR, and higher GDS compared to the normal control group. Moreover, mild and moderate subject groups could be distinguished based on the increased composition of two oligomers, 12-mer Aβ*56 and 15-mer AβO, respectively. The longitudinal cohort study confirmed that the cognitive decline of mild AD patients with high nasal discharge Aβ*56 levels advanced to the moderate stage within three years. Our clinical evidence strongly supports the view that the presence of oligomeric Aβ proteins in nasal discharge is a potential surrogate biomarker of AD and an indicator of cognitive decline progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jun Yoo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gowoon Son
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisub Bae
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeun Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsung Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeop Baek
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Hun Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Bae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Seon Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea. .,Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Sang Z, Wang K, Shi J, Liu W, Cheng X, Zhu G, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Qiao Z, Wu A, Tan Z. The development of advanced structural framework as multi-target-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112180. [PMID: 32131034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed a novel series of multi-target-directed ligands to address low levels of acetylcholine (ACh), oxidative stress, metal ion dysregulation, and the misfolded proteins. Novel apigenin-donepezil derivatives, naringenin-donepezil derivatives, genistein-donepezil derivatives and chalcone-donepezil derivatives have been synthesized, in vitro results showed that TM-4 was a reversible and potent huAChE (IC50 = 0.36 μM) and huBChE (IC50 = 15.3 μM) inhibitor, and showed potent antioxidant activity (ORAC = 1.2 eq). TM-4 could significantly inhibit self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation (IC50 = 3.7 μM). TM-4 was also an ideal neuroprotectant, potential metal chelation agent, and it could inhibit and disaggregate huAChE-induced and Cu2+-induced Aβ aggregation. Moreover, TM-4 could activate UPS degradation pathway in HT22 cells and induce autophagy on U87 cells to clear abnormal proteins associated with AD. More importantly, TM-4 could cross BBB in vitro assay. In addition, in vivo assay revealed that TM-4 exhibited remarkable dyskinesia recovery rate and response efficiency on AlCl3-induced zebrafish AD model, and TM-4 indicated surprising protective effect on Aβ1-40-induced vascular injury. TM-4 presented precognitive effect on scopolamine-induced memory impairment. And the regulation of multi-targets for TM-4 were further conformed through transcriptome sequencing. More interesting, the blood, urine and feces metabolism in rat and rat/human liver microsome metabolism towards TM-4 were also investigated. Overall, TM-4 is a promising multi-function candidate for the development of drugs to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipei Sang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China.
| | - Keren Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Jian Shi
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Wenmin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Xinfeng Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Yiling Wang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Zhanpin Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Zhenghuai Tan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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25
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van de Kreeke JA, Nguyen HT, Konijnenberg E, Tomassen J, den Braber A, Ten Kate M, Yaqub M, van Berckel B, Lammertsma AA, Boomsma DI, Tan SH, Verbraak F, Visser PJ. Optical coherence tomography angiography in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 104:157-161. [PMID: 31118186 PMCID: PMC7025728 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS As a protrusion from the brain, the retina might reflect the status of the brain. Previous studies showed a decrease in vessel density and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) enlargement on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in individuals suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aims to assess whether such changes are already present in preclinical stages of AD, in a population of monozygotic (MZ) twins. METHODS 124 cognitively healthy individuals (MZ twins, ages 60-93 years) underwent [18F]flutemetamol amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scanning and OCTA. PET scans were visually rated for cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity. Parametric global cortical non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) was used as a continuous measure for Aβ aggregation. FAZ size and vessel densities for the inner and outer ring of the macular ETDRS grid and in a 3-6 mm ring around the optic nerve head (ONH) were measured.OCTA measures were associated with visual Aβ score, BPND and amyloid load estimated by twin concordance on visual Aβ score. Twin correlations were estimated as a measure of maximum heritability of OCTA measures. RESULTS 13 of 124 participants were Aβ+. Aβ+ individuals had significantly higher vessel density than Aβ- individuals in all regions but did not differ in FAZ size. Twin analyses showed a positive association between and vessel densities in all regions. BPND tended to be associated with higher vessel density in the inner ring. Twin correlations were moderate/high for all OCTA parameters except vessel density around the ONH, which correlated weakly. CONCLUSION Retinal vessel density was higher in individuals with preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoang-Ton Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elles Konijnenberg
- Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jori Tomassen
- Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stevie H Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Verbraak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Kreeke JA, Nguyen H, Haan J, Konijnenberg E, Tomassen J, Braber A, Kate M, Collij L, Yaqub M, Berckel B, Lammertsma AA, Boomsma DI, Tan HS, Verbraak FD, Visser PJ. Retinal layer thickness in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:798-804. [PMID: 31058465 PMCID: PMC6900176 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose There is urgent need for non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Several studies suggest that retinal thickness is reduced in AD. Here, we aim to test the diagnostic value of retinal thickness in preclinical AD, as defined by cognitively normal individuals with amyloid pathology on PET. Methods One hundred and sixty five cognitively healthy monozygotic twins aged ≥ 60 were included from the Netherlands Twin Register taking part in the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease PreclinAD study. Participants underwent [18F] flutemetamol PET that was visually rated for presence or absence of cortical amyloid beta (Aβ). Binding potential (BPND) was calculated as continuous measure for Aβ. Spectral Domain OCT was used to asses total and individual inner retinal layer thickness in the macular region (ETDRS circles) as well as peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness. Differences between Aβ+ and Aβ− individuals and associations between BPND and retinal thickness were analyzed. Results No differences were found in retinal layer thickness in the macula or pRNFL between Aβ+ and Aβ− individuals. A positive associations between BPND and macular total retinal thickness was observed in the inner ring (p = 0.018), but this was not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (p = 0.144). Brain/eye parameters had moderate to high intra‐twin correlations (p < 0.001) except visual rating score of Aβ, which did not correlate (r = 0.21, p = 0.068). Conclusion Variation in retinal thickness likely reflects genetic differences between individuals, but cannot discriminate between healthy and preclinical AD cases, making its use as biomarker in these early stages limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacoba A. Kreeke
- Ophthalmology Department Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hoang‐Ton Nguyen
- Ophthalmology Department Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jurre Haan
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Elles Konijnenberg
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jori Tomassen
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Braber
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Mara Kate
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Lyduine Collij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bart Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A. Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hendra Stevie Tan
- Ophthalmology Department Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Frank D. Verbraak
- Ophthalmology Department Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
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27
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Pamplona R, Borras C, Jové M, Pradas I, Ferrer I, Viña J. Redox lipidomics to better understand brain aging and function. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:310-321. [PMID: 30898667 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a recently evolutionary emerged brain region involved in cognitive functions. Human cognitive abilities decline during aging. Yet the molecular mechanisms that sustain the preservation or deterioration of neurons and PFC functions are unknown. In this review, we focus on the role of lipids in human PFC aging. As the evolution of brain lipid concentrations is particularly accelerated in the human PFC, conferring a specific lipid profile, a brief approach to the lipidome of PFC was consider along with the relationship between lipids and lipoxidative damage, and the role of lipids in human PFC aging. In addition, the specific targets of lipoxidative damage in human PFC, the affected biological processes, and their potential role in the cognitive decline associated with aging are discussed. Finally, interventions designed to modify this process are considered. We propose that the dysfunction of key biological processes due to selective protein lipoxidation damage may have a role the cognitive decline of PFC during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Borras
- Freshage Research Group-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Irene Pradas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Spain
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28
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Talwar P, Kushwaha S, Gupta R, Agarwal R. Systemic Immune Dyshomeostasis Model and Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:290. [PMID: 31736740 PMCID: PMC6838686 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) still remains an enigma for researchers and clinicians. The onset of AD is insidious, gradually progressive and multifactorial. The recent accumulated scientific evidences suggests that the pathological changes resemble the autoimmune-driven self-sustaining inflammatory process as a result of prolonged oxidative stress and immune dyshomeostasis. Apart from aging, during life span various other factors-mainly environmental, lifestyle, chronic stress, polymicrobial infections and neuroendocrine functions-affect the immune system. Here, we provide crosstalk among "trigger insults/inflammatory stimulus" i.e., polymicrobial infection, chronic stress, pro-inflammatory diet and cholinergic signaling to put forward a "Systemic Immune Dyshomeostasis" model as to connect the events leading to AD development and progression. Our model implicates altered cholinergic signaling and suggests pathological stages with various modifiable risk factors and triggers at different chronological age and stage of cognitive decline. The search of specific autoantibodies for AD which may serve as the suitable blood/CSF biomarkers should be actively pursued for the early diagnosis of AD. The preventive and therapeutic strategies should be directed towards maintaining the normal functioning of the immune system throughout the life span and specific modulation of the immune responses in the brain depending on the stage of changes in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Talwar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suman Kushwaha
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Agarwal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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29
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Wahl D, Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Fontana L, Simpson SJ, Le Couteur DG, Ribeiro RV. Aging, lifestyle and dementia. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104481. [PMID: 31136814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for most diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative disease. There is emerging evidence that interventions that improve metabolic health with aging may also be effective for brain health. The most robust interventions are non-pharmacological and include limiting calorie or protein intake, increasing aerobic exercise, or environmental enrichment. In humans, dietary patterns including the Mediterranean, Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) and Okinawan diets are associated with improved age-related health and may reduce neurodegenerative disease including dementia. Rapamycin, metformin and resveratrol act on nutrient sensing pathways that improve cardiometabolic health and decrease the risk for age-associated disease. There is some evidence that they may reduce the risk for dementia in rodents. There is a growing recognition that improving metabolic function may be an effective way to optimize brain health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia.
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Rosilene V Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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30
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Angelucci F, Cechova K, Amlerova J, Hort J. Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:108. [PMID: 31118068 PMCID: PMC6530014 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease whose various pathophysiological aspects are still being investigated. Recently, it has been hypothesized that AD may be associated with a dysbiosis of microbes in the intestine. In fact, the intestinal flora is able to influence the activity of the brain and cause its dysfunctions.Given the growing interest in this topic, the purpose of this review is to analyze the role of antibiotics in relation to the gut microbiota and AD. In the first part of the review, we briefly review the role of gut microbiota in the brain and the various theories supporting the hypothesis that dysbiosis can be associated with AD pathophysiology. In the second part, we analyze the possible role of antibiotics in these events. Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce its biodiversity, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. Thus, the action of antibiotics in AD could be wide and even opposite, depending on the type of antibiotic and on the specific role of the microbiome in AD pathogenesis.Alteration of the gut microbiota can induce changes in brain activity, which raise the possibility of therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome in AD and other neurological disorders. This field of research is currently undergoing great development, but therapeutic applications are still far away. Whether a therapeutic manipulation of gut microbiota in AD could be achieved using antibiotics is still not known. The future of antibiotics in AD depends on the research progresses in the role of gut bacteria. We must first understand how and when gut bacteria act to promote AD. Once the role of gut microbiota in AD is well established, one can think to induce modifications of the gut microbiota with the use of pre-, pro-, or antibiotics to produce therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelucci
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cechova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Amlerova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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31
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Hadar A, Gurwitz D. Peripheral transcriptomic biomarkers for early detection of sporadic Alzheimer disease? DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 30936769 PMCID: PMC6436957 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2018.20.4/dgurwitz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the major epidemic of the 21st century, its prevalence rising along with improved human longevity. Early AD diagnosis is key to successful treatment, as currently available therapeutics only allow small benefits for diagnosed AD patients. By contrast, future therapeutics, including those already in preclinical or clinical trials, are expected to afford neuroprotection prior to widespread brain damage and dementia. Brain imaging technologies are developing as promising tools for early AD diagnostics, yet their high cost limits their utility for screening at-risk populations. Blood or plasma transcriptomics, proteomics, and/or metabolomics may pave the way for cost-effective AD risk screening in middle-aged individuals years ahead of cognitive decline. This notion is exemplified by data mining of blood transcriptomics from a published dataset. Consortia blood sample collection and analysis from large cohorts with mild cognitive impairment followed longitudinally for their cognitive state would allow the development of a reliable and inexpensive early AD screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Hadar
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine
| | - David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978 Israel
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Yan W, Wu J, Song B, Luo Q, Xu Y. Treatment with a brain-selective prodrug of 17β-estradiol improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease mice by regulating klf5-NF-κB pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:879-886. [PMID: 30879099 PMCID: PMC7260153 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED) which is a brain-selective prodrug of 17β-estradiol has been reported to improve the cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice model. However, little is known about the potential mechanism for cognitive improvement. In the present study, we used AD mice to investigate the effects and mechanisms of DHED treatment. Female Tg2576 transgenic AD mice were ovariectomized and then treated by implanting Alzet osmotic minipumps containing DHED or vehicle subcutaneously for 8 weeks. Consistent with previous report, DHED treatment ameliorated cognitive function of AD mice with decreasing Aβ levels in the hippocampus. Besides, we also found DHED treatment could reduce oxidative and inflammatory stress and the level of p-tau. The mechanisms underlying the cognitive function improvement may be linked with estrogen receptor (ER)-klf5-NF-κB pathway, demonstrated by decreased expression of klf5 and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, the effects of DHED treatment could be reversed when ERα was inhibited by ICI182780. Taken together, our findings uncovered a new mechanism for DHED to improve the cognitive function of AD mice and may provide a viable therapy to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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