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Ye L, Greten S, Wegner F, Doll-Lee J, Krey L, Heine J, Gandor F, Vogel A, Berger L, Gruber D, Levin J, Katzdobler S, Peters O, Dashti E, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Kühn AA, Krause P, Spottke A, Schneider A, Beyle A, Kimmich O, Donix M, Haussmann R, Brandt M, Dinter E, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Zerr I, Bähr M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Weidinger E, Düzel E, Glanz W, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Wurster I, Brockmann K, Hoffmann DC, Klockgether T, Krause O, Heck J, Höglinger GU, Klietz M. The comorbidity profiles and medication issues of patients with multiple system atrophy: a systematic cross-sectional analysis. J Neurol 2024; 271:2639-2648. [PMID: 38353748 PMCID: PMC11055732 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a complex and fatal neurodegenerative movement disorder. Understanding the comorbidities and drug therapy is crucial for MSA patients' safety and management. OBJECTIVES To investigate the pattern of comorbidities and aspects of drug therapy in MSA patients. METHODS Cross-sectional data of MSA patients according to Gilman et al. (2008) diagnostic criteria and control patients without neurodegenerative diseases (non-ND) were collected from German, multicenter cohorts. The prevalence of comorbidities according to WHO ICD-10 classification and drugs administered according to WHO ATC system were analyzed. Potential drug-drug interactions were identified using AiDKlinik®. RESULTS The analysis included 254 MSA and 363 age- and sex-matched non-ND control patients. MSA patients exhibited a significantly higher burden of comorbidities, in particular diseases of the genitourinary system. Also, more medications were prescribed MSA patients, resulting in a higher prevalence of polypharmacy. Importantly, the risk of potential drug-drug interactions, including severe interactions and contraindicated combinations, was elevated in MSA patients. When comparing MSA-P and MSA-C subtypes, MSA-P patients suffered more frequently from diseases of the genitourinary system and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. CONCLUSIONS MSA patients face a substantial burden of comorbidities, notably in the genitourinary system. This, coupled with increased polypharmacy and potential drug interactions, highlights the complexity of managing MSA patients. Clinicians should carefully consider these factors when devising treatment strategies for MSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ye
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Greten
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanna Doll-Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lea Krey
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanne Heine
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florin Gandor
- Neurologisches Fachkrankenhaus für Bewegungsstörungen/Parkinson, Kliniken Beelitz, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Annemarie Vogel
- Neurologisches Fachkrankenhaus für Bewegungsstörungen/Parkinson, Kliniken Beelitz, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Luise Berger
- Neurologisches Fachkrankenhaus für Bewegungsstörungen/Parkinson, Kliniken Beelitz, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Doreen Gruber
- Neurologisches Fachkrankenhaus für Bewegungsstörungen/Parkinson, Kliniken Beelitz, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Katzdobler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eman Dashti
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Krause
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aline Beyle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Okka Kimmich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Donix
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Haussmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Brandt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dinter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Endy Weidinger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinic for Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock-Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock-Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olaf Krause
- DIAKOVERE Henriettenstift and Department of General Medicine and Palliative Care, Center for Medicine of the Elderly, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, Hospital DIAKOVERE Henriettenstift, Schwe-Mannstrasse 19, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Heck
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Klietz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Baumeister H, Vogel JW, Insel PS, Kleineidam L, Wolfsgruber S, Stark M, Gellersen HM, Yakupov R, Schmid MC, Lüsebrink F, Brosseron F, Ziegler G, Freiesleben SD, Preis L, Schneider LS, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Fliessbach K, Vogt IR, Bartels C, Schott BH, Rostamzadeh A, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Janowitz D, Rauchmann BS, Kilimann I, Goerss D, Munk MH, Hetzer S, Dechent P, Ewers M, Scheffler K, Wuestefeld A, Strandberg O, van Westen D, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Palmqvist S, Spottke A, Laske C, Teipel S, Perneczky R, Buerger K, Schneider A, Priller J, Peters O, Ramirez A, Wiltfang J, Heneka MT, Wagner M, Düzel E, Jessen F, Hansson O, Berron D. A generalizable data-driven model of atrophy heterogeneity and progression in memory clinic settings. Brain 2024:awae118. [PMID: 38654513 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory clinic patients are a heterogeneous population representing various aetiologies of pathological aging. It is unknown if divergent spatiotemporal progression patterns of brain atrophy, as previously described in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, are prevalent and clinically meaningful in this group of older adults. To uncover distinct atrophy subtypes, we applied the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm to baseline structural MRI data from 813 participants enrolled in the DELCODE cohort (mean ± SD age = 70.67 ± 6.07 years, 52% females). Participants were cognitively unimpaired (CU; n = 285) or fulfilled diagnostic criteria for subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 342), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 118), or dementia of the Alzheimer's type (n = 68). Atrophy subtypes were compared in baseline demographics, fluid AD biomarker levels, the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC-5), as well as episodic memory and executive functioning. PACC-5 trajectories over up to 240 weeks were examined. To test if baseline atrophy subtype and stage predicted clinical trajectories before manifest cognitive impairment, we analysed PACC-5 trajectories and MCI conversion rates of CU and SCD participants. Limbic-predominant and hippocampal-sparing atrophy subtypes were identified. Limbic-predominant atrophy first affected the medial temporal lobes, followed by further temporal and, finally, the remaining cortical regions. At baseline, this subtype was related to older age, more pathological AD biomarker levels, APOE ε4 carriership, and an amnestic cognitive impairment. Hippocampal-sparing atrophy initially occurred outside the temporal lobe with the medial temporal lobe spared up to advanced atrophy stages. This atrophy pattern also affected individuals with positive AD biomarkers and was associated with more generalised cognitive impairment. Limbic-predominant atrophy, in all and in only unimpaired participants, was linked to more negative longitudinal PACC-5 slopes than observed in participants without or with hippocampal-sparing atrophy and increased the risk of MCI conversion. SuStaIn modelling was repeated in a sample from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 cohort. Highly similar atrophy progression patterns and associated cognitive profiles were identified. Cross-cohort model generalizability, both on the subject and group level, were excellent, indicating reliable performance in previously unseen data. The proposed model is a promising tool for capturing heterogeneity among older adults at early at-risk states for AD in applied settings. The implementation of atrophy subtype- and stage-specific end-points may increase the statistical power of pharmacological trials targeting early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Baumeister
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Philip S Insel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melina Stark
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helena M Gellersen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias C Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Falk Lüsebrink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Silka D Freiesleben
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa-Sophie Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ina R Vogt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 18147, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 18147, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anika Wuestefeld
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Diagnostic Radiology, Institution of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 211 84, Lund, Sweden
- Image and Function, Skåne University Hospital, 211 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 211 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 18147, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, EH16 4SB, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 78229, San Antonio, TX, US
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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Deike K, Decker A, Scheyhing P, Harten J, Zimmermann N, Paech D, Peters O, Freiesleben SD, Schneider LS, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth E, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Fliessbach K, Kimmich O, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Hansen N, Jessen F, Rostamzadeh A, Düzel E, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Goerss D, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Wagner M, Roeske S, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Ramirez A, Dobisch L, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Yakupov R, Stark M, Schmid MC, Berger M, Hetzer S, Dechent P, Scheffler K, Petzold GC, Schneider A, Effland A, Radbruch A. Machine Learning-Based Perivascular Space Volumetry in Alzheimer Disease. Invest Radiol 2024:00004424-990000000-00211. [PMID: 38652067 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impaired perivascular clearance has been suggested as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it remains unresolved when the anatomy of the perivascular space (PVS) is altered during AD progression. Therefore, this study investigates the association between PVS volume and AD progression in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, both with and without subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and in those clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A convolutional neural network was trained using manually corrected, filter-based segmentations (n = 1000) to automatically segment the PVS in the centrum semiovale from interpolated, coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans (n = 894). These scans were sourced from the national German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study. Convolutional neural network-based segmentations and those performed by a human rater were compared in terms of segmentation volume, identified PVS clusters, as well as Dice score. The comparison revealed good segmentation quality (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.70 with P < 0.0001 for PVS volume, detection rate in cluster analysis = 84.3%, and Dice score = 59.0%). Subsequent multivariate linear regression analysis, adjusted for participants' age, was performed to correlate PVS volume with clinical diagnoses, disease progression, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, lifestyle factors, and cognitive function. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Comprehensive Neuropsychological Test Battery, and the Cognitive Subscale of the 13-Item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale. RESULTS Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, revealed that participants with AD and MCI, but not those with SCD, had significantly higher PVS volumes compared with CU participants without SCD (P = 0.001 for each group). Furthermore, CU participants who developed incident MCI within 4.5 years after the baseline assessment showed significantly higher PVS volumes at baseline compared with those who did not progress to MCI (P = 0.03). Cognitive function was negatively correlated with PVS volume across all participant groups (P ≤ 0.005 for each). No significant correlation was found between PVS volume and any of the following parameters: cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, sleep quality, body mass index, nicotine consumption, or alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS The very early changes of PVS volume may suggest that alterations in PVS function are involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Overall, the volumetric assessment of centrum semiovale PVS represents a very early imaging biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Deike
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A.D., K.F., O.K., F.J., Annika Spottke, N.R., M.W., S.R., M.T.H., F.B., Alfredo Ramirez, S.W., L.K., M.S., M.C.S., G.C.P., Anja Schneider, Alexander Radbruch); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany (K.D., P.S., D.P., Alexander Radbruch); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (J.H., N.Z., K.F., M.W., Alfredo Ramirez, S.W., L.K., Anja Schneider); Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (D.P.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany (O.P., S.D.F., J.P., E.S., S.A.); Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (O.P., S.D.F., L.-S.S., L.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany (J.P., E.S., S.A., A.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany (J.P.); University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.P.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany (J.W.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany (J.W., C.B., N.H.); Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal (J.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (F.J., Ayda Rostamzadeh); Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (F.J., Alfredo Ramirez); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany (E.D., W.G., E.I.I., Michaela Butryn, L.D., R.Y.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany (E.D., W.G., E.I.I., Michaela Butryn); Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (E.I.I.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany (K.B., M.E., R.P.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Germany (K.B., D.J., M.E.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Germany (R.P., B.-S.R.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (R.P.); Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.P.); Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.P., B.-S.R.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany (B.-S.R.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany (S.T., I.K., D.G.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany (S.T., I.K., D.G.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany (C.L., M.H.M.); Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany (C.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen Germany (M.H.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Annika Spottke); Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany (Alfredo Ramirez); Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX (Alfredo Ramirez); Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.C.S., Moritz Berger); Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Göttingen, Germany (P.D.); Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.S.); Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (G.C.P.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.E.)
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Ruiz-Rizzo AL, Finke K, Damoiseaux JS, Bartels C, Buerger K, Cosma NC, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Glanz W, Goerss D, Hetzer S, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, van Lent DM, Munk MHJ, Peters O, Priller J, Ramirez A, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Yakupov R, Jessen F, Duezel E, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS. Fornix fractional anisotropy mediates the association between Mediterranean diet adherence and memory four years later in older adults without dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 136:99-110. [PMID: 38340637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Here, we investigated whether fractional anisotropy (FA) of hippocampus-relevant white-matter tracts mediates the association between baseline Mediterranean diet adherence (MeDiAd) and verbal episodic memory over four years. Participants were healthy older adults with and without subjective cognitive decline and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment from the DELCODE cohort study (n = 376; age: 71.47 ± 6.09 years; 48.7 % female). MeDiAd and diffusion data were obtained at baseline. Verbal episodic memory was assessed at baseline and four yearly follow-ups. The associations between baseline MeDiAd and white matter, and verbal episodic memory's mean and rate of change over four years were tested with latent growth curve modeling. Baseline MeDiAd was associated with verbal episodic memory four years later (95 % confidence interval, CI [0.01, 0.32]) but not with its rate of change over this period. Baseline Fornix FA mediated - and, thus, explained - that association (95 % CI [0.002, 0.09]). Fornix FA may be an appropriate response biomarker of Mediterranean diet interventions on verbal memory in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L Ruiz-Rizzo
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology Unit, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Finke
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology Unit, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica S Damoiseaux
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Carmen Cosma
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Matthias H J Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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5
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Blömeke L, Rehn F, Kraemer‐Schulien V, Kutzsche J, Pils M, Bujnicki T, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Freiesleben SD, Schneider L, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Hansen N, Rostamzadeh A, Düzel E, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann B, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Goerss D, Laske C, Munk MH, Sanzenbacher C, Spottke A, Roy‐Kluth N, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Wagner M, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Stark M, Schmid M, Jessen F, Bannach O, Willbold D, Peters O. Aβ oligomers peak in early stages of Alzheimer's disease preceding tau pathology. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2024; 16:e12589. [PMID: 38666085 PMCID: PMC11044868 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soluble amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers have been suggested as initiating Aβ related neuropathologic change in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but their quantitative distribution and chronological sequence within the AD continuum remain unclear. METHODS A total of 526 participants in early clinical stages of AD and controls from a longitudinal cohort were neurobiologically classified for amyloid and tau pathology applying the AT(N) system. Aβ and tau oligomers in the quantified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured using surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) technology. RESULTS Across groups, highest Aβ oligomer levels were found in A+ with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. Aβ oligomers were significantly higher in A+T- compared to A-T- and A+T+. APOE ε4 allele carriers showed significantly higher Aβ oligomer levels. No differences in tau oligomers were detected. DISCUSSION The accumulation of Aβ oligomers in the CSF peaks early within the AD continuum, preceding tau pathology. Disease-modifying treatments targeting Aβ oligomers might have the highest therapeutic effect in these disease stages. Highlights Using surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) technology, we quantified Aβ oligomers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (DELCODE) cohortAβ oligomers were significantly elevated in mild cognitive impairment (MCI)Amyloid-positive subjects in the subjective cognitive decline (SCD) group increased compared to the amyloid-negative control groupInterestingly, levels of Aβ oligomers decrease at advanced stages of the disease (A+T+), which might be explained by altered clearing mechanisms.
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6
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Berron D, Glanz W, Clark L, Basche K, Grande X, Güsten J, Billette OV, Hempen I, Naveed MH, Diersch N, Butryn M, Spottke A, Buerger K, Perneczky R, Schneider A, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Johnson S, Wagner M, Jessen F, Düzel E. A remote digital memory composite to detect cognitive impairment in memory clinic samples in unsupervised settings using mobile devices. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:79. [PMID: 38532080 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-00999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Remote monitoring of cognition holds the promise to facilitate case-finding in clinical care and the individual detection of cognitive impairment in clinical and research settings. In the context of Alzheimer's disease, this is particularly relevant for patients who seek medical advice due to memory problems. Here, we develop a remote digital memory composite (RDMC) score from an unsupervised remote cognitive assessment battery focused on episodic memory and long-term recall and assess its construct validity, retest reliability, and diagnostic accuracy when predicting MCI-grade impairment in a memory clinic sample and healthy controls. A total of 199 participants were recruited from three cohorts and included as healthy controls (n = 97), individuals with subjective cognitive decline (n = 59), or patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 43). Participants performed cognitive assessments in a fully remote and unsupervised setting via a smartphone app. The derived RDMC score is significantly correlated with the PACC5 score across participants and demonstrates good retest reliability. Diagnostic accuracy for discriminating memory impairment from no impairment is high (cross-validated AUC = 0.83, 95% CI [0.66, 0.99]) with a sensitivity of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.72. Thus, unsupervised remote cognitive assessments implemented in the neotiv digital platform show good discrimination between cognitively impaired and unimpaired individuals, further demonstrating that it is feasible to complement the neuropsychological assessment of episodic memory with unsupervised and remote assessments on mobile devices. This contributes to recent efforts to implement remote assessment of episodic memory for case-finding and monitoring in large research studies and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- neotiv GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lindsay Clark
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, US
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristin Basche
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, US
| | - Xenia Grande
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jeremie Güsten
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sterling Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, US
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.
- neotiv GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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7
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Martinelli F, Heinken A, Henning AK, Ulmer MA, Hensen T, González A, Arnold M, Asthana S, Budde K, Engelman CD, Estaki M, Grabe HJ, Heston MB, Johnson S, Kastenmüller G, Martino C, McDonald D, Rey FE, Kilimann I, Peters O, Wang X, Spruth EJ, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Hansen N, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Nauck M, Teipel S, Knight R, Kaddurah-Daouk RF, Bendlin BB, Hertel J, Thiele I. Whole-body metabolic modelling reveals microbiome and genomic interactions on reduced urine formate levels in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6095. [PMID: 38480804 PMCID: PMC10937638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to understand the potential role of the gut microbiome in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We took a multi-faceted approach to investigate this relationship. Urine metabolomics were examined in individuals with AD and controls, revealing decreased formate and fumarate concentrations in AD. Additionally, we utilised whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data obtained from a separate group of individuals with AD and controls. This information allowed us to create and investigate host-microbiome personalised whole-body metabolic models. Notably, AD individuals displayed diminished formate microbial secretion in these models. Additionally, we identified specific reactions responsible for the production of formate in the host, and interestingly, these reactions were linked to genes that have correlations with AD. This study suggests formate as a possible early AD marker and highlights genetic and microbiome contributions to its production. The reduced formate secretion and its genetic associations point to a complex connection between gut microbiota and AD. This holistic understanding might pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Martinelli
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- The Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Almut Heinken
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- The Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Ann-Kristin Henning
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maria A Ulmer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Hensen
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- The Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Antonio González
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Arnold
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Kathrin Budde
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mehrbod Estaki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hans-Jörgen Grabe
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margo B Heston
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Sterling Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cameron Martino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Olive Peters
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Johannes Hertel
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- The Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
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8
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Ming A, Lorek E, Wall J, Schubert T, Ebert N, Galatzky I, Baum AK, Glanz W, Stober S, Mertens PR. Unveiling peripheral neuropathy and cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: an observational and proof-of-concept study with video games and sensor-equipped insoles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1310152. [PMID: 38495786 PMCID: PMC10941030 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1310152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Proactive screening for cognitive dysfunction (CD) and peripheral neuropathy (PNP) in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus is essential for early intervention, yet clinical examination is time-consuming and prone to bias. Objective We aimed to investigate PNP and CD in a diabetes cohort and explore the possibility of identifying key features linked with the respective conditions by machine learning algorithms applied to data sets obtained in playful games controlled by sensor-equipped insoles. Methods In a cohort of patients diagnosed with diabetes (n=261) aged over 50 years PNP and CD were diagnosed based on complete physical examination (neuropathy symptom and disability scores, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment). In an observational and proof-of-concept study patients performed a 15 min lasting gaming session encompassing tutorials and four video games with 5,244 predefined features. The steering of video games was solely achieved by modulating plantar pressure values, which were measured by sensor-equipped insoles in real-time. Data sets were used to identify key features indicating game performance with correlation regarding CD and PNP findings. Thereby, machine learning models (e.g. gradient boosting and lasso and elastic-net regularized generalized linear models) were set up to distinguish patients in the different groups. Results PNP was diagnosed in 59% (n=153), CD in 34% (n=89) of participants, and 23% (n=61) suffered from both conditions. Multivariable regression analyses suggested that PNP was positively associated with CD in patients with diabetes (adjusted odds ratio = 1.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-3.76; P=0.04). Predictive game features were identified that significantly correlated with CD (n=59), PNP (n=40), or both (n=59). These features allowed to set up classification models that were enriched by individual risk profiles (i.e. gender, age, weight, BMI, diabetes type, and diabetes duration). The obtained models yielded good predictive performance with the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curves reaching 0.95 for CD without PNP, 0.83 for PNP without CD, and 0.84 for CD and PNP combined. Conclusions The video game-based assessment was able to categorize patients with CD and/or PNP with high accuracy. Future studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these results and potentially enhance the discriminative power of video games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antao Ming
- University Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Lorek
- University Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Janina Wall
- University Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Schubert
- University Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nils Ebert
- University Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Imke Galatzky
- University Clinic for Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Baum
- University Clinic for Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stober
- Artificial Intelligence Lab, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R. Mertens
- University Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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9
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Upadhyay N, Spottke A, Schneider A, Hoffmann DC, Frommann I, Ballarini T, Fliessbach K, Bender B, Heekeren HR, Haynes JD, Ewers M, Düzel E, Glanz W, Dobisch L, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Levin J, Danek A, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Synofzik M, Wilke C, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Jessen F, Boecker H. Fronto-striatal alterations correlate with apathy severity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:66-72. [PMID: 37855956 PMCID: PMC10844138 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional changes in cortical and subcortical regions have been reported in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), however, a multimodal approach may provide deeper insights into the neural correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this multicenter study, we measured cortical thickness (CTh) and subcortical volumes to identify structural abnormalities in 37 bvFTD patients, and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. For seed regions with significant structural changes, whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) was examined in a sub-cohort of N = 22 bvFTD and N = 22 matched control subjects to detect complementary alterations in brain network organization. To explore the functional significance of the observed structural and functional deviations, correlations with clinical and neuropsychological outcomes were tested where available. Significantly decreased CTh was observed in the bvFTD group in caudal middle frontal gyrus, left pars opercularis, bilateral superior frontal and bilateral middle temporal gyrus along with subcortical volume reductions in bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed decreased FC in bvFTD between: dorsal striatum and left caudal middle frontal gyrus; putamen and fronto-parietal regions; pallidum and cerebellum. Conversely, bvFTD showed increased FC between: left middle temporal gyrus and paracingulate gyrus; caudate nucleus and insula; amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus. Additionally, cortical thickness in caudal, lateral and superior frontal regions as well as caudate nucleus volume correlated negatively with apathy severity scores of the Neuropsychiatry Inventory Questionnaire. In conclusion, multimodal structural and functional imaging indicates that fronto-striatal regions have a considerable influence on the severity of apathy in bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Upadhyay
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Annika Spottke
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel C Hoffmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hauke R Heekeren
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carlo Wilke
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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10
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Greten S, Wegner F, Jensen I, Krey L, Rogozinski S, Fehring M, Heine J, Doll-Lee J, Pötter-Nerger M, Zeitzschel M, Hagena K, Pedrosa DJ, Eggers C, Bürk K, Trenkwalder C, Claus I, Warnecke T, Süß P, Winkler J, Gruber D, Gandor F, Berg D, Paschen S, Classen J, Pinkhardt EH, Kassubek J, Jost WH, Tönges L, Kühn AA, Schwarz J, Peters O, Dashti E, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Krause P, Spottke A, Schneider A, Beyle A, Kimmich O, Donix M, Haussmann R, Brandt M, Dinter E, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Zerr I, Bähr M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Weidinger E, Levin J, Katzdobler S, Düzel E, Glanz W, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Prudlo J, Gasser T, Brockmann K, Hoffmann DC, Klockgether T, Krause O, Heck J, Höglinger GU, Klietz M. The comorbidity and co-medication profile of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurol 2024; 271:782-793. [PMID: 37803149 PMCID: PMC10827866 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is usually diagnosed in elderly. Currently, little is known about comorbidities and the co-medication in these patients. OBJECTIVES To explore the pattern of comorbidities and co-medication in PSP patients according to the known different phenotypes and in comparison with patients without neurodegenerative disease. METHODS Cross-sectional data of PSP and patients without neurodegenerative diseases (non-ND) were collected from three German multicenter observational studies (DescribePSP, ProPSP and DANCER). The prevalence of comorbidities according to WHO ICD-10 classification and the prevalence of drugs administered according to WHO ATC system were analyzed. Potential drug-drug interactions were evaluated using AiDKlinik®. RESULTS In total, 335 PSP and 275 non-ND patients were included in this analysis. The prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and the nervous system was higher in PSP at first level of ICD-10. Dorsopathies, diabetes mellitus, other nutritional deficiencies and polyneuropathies were more frequent in PSP at second level of ICD-10. In particular, the summed prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in PSP patients. More drugs were administered in the PSP group leading to a greater percentage of patients with polypharmacy. Accordingly, the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions was higher in PSP patients, especially severe and moderate interactions. CONCLUSIONS PSP patients possess a characteristic profile of comorbidities, particularly diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The eminent burden of comorbidities and resulting polypharmacy should be carefully considered when treating PSP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Greten
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ida Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lea Krey
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophia Rogozinski
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meret Fehring
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanne Heine
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanna Doll-Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Pötter-Nerger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Molly Zeitzschel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Keno Hagena
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David J Pedrosa
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg and Gießen, 35043, BaldingerstraßeMarburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bottrop, Osterfelder Str. 157, 46242, Bottrop, Germany
| | - Katrin Bürk
- Kliniken Schmieder Stuttgart-Gerlingen, Solitudestraße 20, 70839, Gerlingen, Germany
| | | | - Inga Claus
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tobias Warnecke
- Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Klinikum Osnabrueck-Academic Teaching Hospital of the WWU Muenster, Am Finkenhügel 1, 49076, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Patrick Süß
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Doreen Gruber
- Movement Disorders Hospital, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Straße Nach Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Florin Gandor
- Movement Disorders Hospital, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Straße Nach Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Paschen
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstraße, 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elmar H Pinkhardt
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Oberer Eselsberg, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Jost
- Parkinson-Klinik Ortenau, Kreuzbergstraße 12, 77709, Wolfach, Germany
| | - Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
- Protein Research Unit Ruhr (PURE), Neurodegeneration Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Charitépl. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitépl. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarz
- Department of Neurology, Klinik Haag I. OB, Krankenhausstraße 1, 84453, Mühldorf a. Inn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitépl. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitépl. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eman Dashti
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitépl. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitépl. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitépl. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitépl. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitépl. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Krause
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitépl. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aline Beyle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Okka Kimmich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Donix
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tatzberg 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Haussmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Brandt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tatzberg 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dinter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tatzberg 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Endy Weidinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Katzdobler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätspl. 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätspl. 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinic for Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock-GreifswaldRostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock-GreifswaldRostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Prudlo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock-GreifswaldRostock, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 23, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 23, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel C Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olaf Krause
- Center for Medicine of the Elderly, DIAKOVERE Henriettenstift and Department of General Medicine and Palliative Care, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, Hospital DIAKOVERE Henriettenstift, Schwemannstrasse 19, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Heck
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Klietz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Hayek D, Ziegler G, Kleineidam L, Brosseron F, Nemali A, Vockert N, Ravichandran KA, Betts MJ, Peters O, Schneider LS, Wang X, Priller J, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Rostamzadeh A, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Laske C, Mengel D, Synofzik M, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Roeske S, Kuhn E, Ramirez A, Dobisch L, Schmid M, Berger M, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Hetzer S, Dechent P, Ewers M, Scheffler K, Schott BH, Schreiber S, Orellana A, de Rojas I, Marquié M, Boada M, Sotolongo O, González PG, Puerta R, Düzel E, Jessen F, Wagner M, Ruiz A, Heneka MT, Maass A. Different inflammatory signatures based on CSF biomarkers relate to preserved or diminished brain structure and cognition. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-023-02387-3. [PMID: 38216727 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and both positive and negative associations of individual inflammation-related markers with brain structure and cognitive function have been described. We aimed to identify inflammatory signatures of CSF immune-related markers that relate to changes of brain structure and cognition across the clinical spectrum ranging from normal aging to AD. A panel of 16 inflammatory markers, Aβ42/40 and p-tau181 were measured in CSF at baseline in the DZNE DELCODE cohort (n = 295); a longitudinal observational study focusing on at-risk stages of AD. Volumetric maps of gray and white matter (GM/WM; n = 261) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs, n = 249) were derived from baseline MRIs. Cognitive decline (n = 204) and the rate of change in GM volume was measured in subjects with at least 3 visits (n = 175). A principal component analysis on the CSF markers revealed four inflammatory components (PCs). Of these, the first component PC1 (highly loading on sTyro3, sAXL, sTREM2, YKL-40, and C1q) was associated with older age and higher p-tau levels, but with less pathological Aβ when controlling for p-tau. PC2 (highly loading on CRP, IL-18, complement factor F/H and C4) was related to male gender, higher body mass index and greater vascular risk. PC1 levels, adjusted for AD markers, were related to higher GM and WM volumes, less WMHs, better baseline memory, and to slower atrophy rates in AD-related areas and less cognitive decline. In contrast, PC2 related to less GM and WM volumes and worse memory at baseline. Similar inflammatory signatures and associations were identified in the independent F.ACE cohort. Our data suggest that there are beneficial and detrimental signatures of inflammatory CSF biomarkers. While higher levels of TAM receptors (sTyro/sAXL) or sTREM2 might reflect a protective glia response to degeneration related to phagocytic clearance, other markers might rather reflect proinflammatory states that have detrimental impact on brain integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Hayek
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aditya Nemali
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Vockert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Kishore A Ravichandran
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthew J Betts
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa-Sophie Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Mengel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Kuhn
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Köln, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Sotolongo
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Augustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur- Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, North Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Teipel SJ, Dyrba M, Kleineidam L, Brosseron F, Levin F, Bruno D, Buerger K, Cosma N, Schneider L, Düzel E, Glanz W, Fliessbach K, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Munk MH, Maier F, Peters O, Pomara N, Perneczky R, Rauchmann B, Priller J, Ramirez A, Roy N, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Roeske S, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Bartels C, Jessen F, Heneka MT. Association of latent factors of neuroinflammation with Alzheimer's disease pathology and longitudinal cognitive decline. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2024; 16:e12510. [PMID: 38213951 PMCID: PMC10781650 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the association of inflammatory mechanisms with markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and rates of cognitive decline in the AD spectrum. METHODS We studied 296 cases from the Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) cohort, and an extension cohort of 276 cases of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Using Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis, we constructed latent factors for synaptic integrity, microglia, cerebrovascular endothelial function, cytokine/chemokine, and complement components of the inflammatory response using a set of inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS We found strong evidence for an association of synaptic integrity, microglia response, and cerebrovascular endothelial function with a latent factor of AD pathology and with rates of cognitive decline. We found evidence against an association of complement and cytokine/chemokine factors with AD pathology and rates of cognitive decline. DISCUSSION Latent factors provided access to directly unobservable components of the neuroinflammatory response and their association with AD pathology and cognitive decline.
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Nemali A, Vockert N, Berron D, Maas A, Bernal J, Yakupov R, Peters O, Gref D, Cosma N, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth E, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Fliessbach K, Kimmich O, Vogt I, Wiltfang J, Hansen N, Bartels C, Schott BH, Maier F, Meiberth D, Glanz W, Incesoy E, Butryn M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Pernecky R, Rauchmann B, Burow L, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Göerß D, Dyrba M, Laske C, Munk M, Sanzenbacher C, Müller S, Spottke A, Roy N, Heneka M, Brosseron F, Roeske S, Dobisch L, Ramirez A, Ewers M, Dechent P, Scheffler K, Kleineidam L, Wolfsgruber S, Wagner M, Jessen F, Duzel E, Ziegler G. Gaussian Process-based prediction of memory performance and biomarker status in ageing and Alzheimer's disease-A systematic model evaluation. Med Image Anal 2023; 90:102913. [PMID: 37660483 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging markers based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) combined with various other measures (such as genetic covariates, biomarkers, vascular risk factors, neuropsychological tests etc.) might provide useful predictions of clinical outcomes during the progression towards Alzheimer's disease (AD). The use of multiple features in predictive frameworks for clinical outcomes has become increasingly prevalent in AD research. However, many studies do not focus on systematically and accurately evaluating combinations of multiple input features. Hence, the aim of the present work is to explore and assess optimal combinations of various features for MR-based prediction of (1) cognitive status and (2) biomarker positivity with a multi-kernel learning Gaussian process framework. The explored features and parameters included (A) combinations of brain tissues, modulation, smoothing, and image resolution; (B) incorporating demographics & clinical covariates; (C) the impact of the size of the training data set; (D) the influence of dimensionality reduction and the choice of kernel types. The approach was tested in a large German cohort including 959 subjects from the multicentric longitudinal study of cognitive impairment and dementia (DELCODE). Our evaluation suggests the best prediction of memory performance was obtained for a combination of neuroimaging markers, demographics, genetic information (ApoE4) and CSF biomarkers explaining 57% of outcome variance in out-of-sample predictions. The highest performance for Aβ42/40 status classification was achieved for a combination of demographics, ApoE4, and a memory score while usage of structural MRI further improved the classification of individual patient's pTau status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nemali
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - N Vockert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Maas
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Bernal
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - O Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Gref
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Cosma
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Preis
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Kimmich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - I Vogt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - N Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - B H Schott
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - F Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - D Meiberth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - W Glanz
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - E Incesoy
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - D Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - R Pernecky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - I Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - D Göerß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - C Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Sanzenbacher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - F Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - L Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - P Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - K Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Kleineidam
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - F Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - E Duzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - G Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
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14
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Stark M, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Frommann I, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Burow L, Butryn M, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Gabelin T, Glanz W, Goerss D, Gref D, Hansen N, Heneka MT, Hinderer P, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kimmich O, Laske C, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rauchmann BS, Rostamzadeh A, Roy-Kluth N, Sanzenbacher C, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Vogt IR, Wiltfang J, Duzel E, Jessen F, Wagner M. Relevance of Minor Neuropsychological Deficits in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline. Neurology 2023; 101:e2185-e2196. [PMID: 37821235 PMCID: PMC10663030 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the relevance of minor neuropsychological deficits (MNPD) in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) with regard to CSF levels of Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers, cognitive decline, and clinical progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS This study included patients with clinical SCD and SCD-free, healthy control (HC) participants with available baseline CSF and/or longitudinal cognitive data from the observational DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia study. We defined MNPD as a performance of at least 0.5SD below the mean on a demographically adjusted total score derived from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological assessment battery. We compared SCD patients with MNPD and those without MNPD with regard to CSF amyloid-β (Aβ)42/Aβ40, phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), total tau and Aβ42/p-tau181 levels, longitudinal cognitive composite trajectories, and risk of clinical progression to incident MCI (follow-up M ± SD: 40.6 ± 23.7 months). In addition, we explored group differences between SCD and HC in those without MNPD. RESULTS In our sample (N = 672, mean age: 70.7 ± 5.9 years, 50% female), SCD patients with MNPD (n = 55, 12.5% of SCD group) showed significantly more abnormal CSF biomarker levels, increased cognitive decline, and a higher risk of progression to incident MCI (HR: 4.07, 95% CI 2.46-6.74) compared with SCD patients without MNPD (n = 384). MNPD had a positive predictive value of 57.0% (95% CI 38.5-75.4) and a negative predictive value of 86.0% (95% CI 81.9-90.1) for the progression of SCD to MCI within 3 years. SCD patients without MNPD showed increased cognitive decline and a higher risk of incident MCI compared with HC participants without MNPD (n = 215; HR: 4.09, 95% CI 2.07-8.09), while AD biomarker levels did not differ significantly between these groups. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that MNPD are a risk factor for AD-related clinical progression in cognitively normal patients seeking medical counseling because of SCD. As such, the assessment of MNPD could be useful for individual clinical prediction and for AD risk stratification in clinical trials. However, SCD remains a risk factor for future cognitive decline even in the absence of MNPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Stark
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany.
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gabelin
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Hinderer
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Okka Kimmich
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy-Kluth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Sanzenbacher
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina R Vogt
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Duzel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
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Jiang X, Hu X, Daamen M, Wang X, Fan C, Meiberth D, Spottke A, Roeske S, Fliessbach K, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Hansen N, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Dobisch L, Janowitz D, Rauchmann BS, Ramirez A, Kilimann I, Munk MH, Wang X, Schneider LS, Gabelin T, Roy N, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Hetzer S, Dechent P, Ewers M, Scheffler K, Amthauer H, Buchert R, Essler M, Drzezga A, Rominger A, Krause BJ, Reimold M, Priller J, Schneider A, Wiltfang J, Buerger K, Perneczky R, Teipel S, Laske C, Peters O, Düzel E, Wagner M, Jiang J, Jessen F, Boecker H, Han Y. Altered limbic functional connectivity in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: Converging and diverging findings across Chinese and German cohorts. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4922-4934. [PMID: 37070734 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It remains unclear whether functional brain networks are consistently altered in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds and whether the network alterations are associated with an amyloid burden. METHODS Cross-sectional resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity (FC) and amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) data from the Chinese Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline and German DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia cohorts were analyzed. RESULTS Limbic FC, particularly hippocampal connectivity with right insula, was consistently higher in SCD than in controls, and correlated with SCD-plus features. Smaller SCD subcohorts with PET showed inconsistent amyloid positivity rates and FC-amyloid associations across cohorts. DISCUSSION Our results suggest an early adaptation of the limbic network in SCD, which may reflect increased awareness of cognitive decline, irrespective of amyloid pathology. Different amyloid positivity rates may indicate a heterogeneous underlying etiology in Eastern and Western SCD cohorts when applying current research criteria. Future studies should identify culture-specific features to enrich preclinical Alzheimer's disease in non-Western populations. HIGHLIGHTS Common limbic hyperconnectivity across Chinese and German subjective cognitive decline (SCD) cohorts was observed. Limbic hyperconnectivity may reflect awareness of cognition, irrespective of amyloid load. Further cross-cultural harmonization of SCD regarding Alzheimer's disease pathology is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaochen Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunqiu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dix Meiberth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa-Sophie Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gabelin
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Holger Amthauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Essler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Molecular Organization of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernd J Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Reimold
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jiehui Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
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16
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Waschkies KF, Soch J, Darna M, Richter A, Altenstein S, Beyle A, Brosseron F, Buchholz F, Butryn M, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Gabelin T, Glanz W, Goerss D, Gref D, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Lohse A, Munk MH, Rauchmann BS, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Spruth EJ, Dechent P, Heneka MT, Hetzer S, Ramirez A, Scheffler K, Buerger K, Laske C, Perneczky R, Peters O, Priller J, Schneider A, Spottke A, Teipel S, Düzel E, Jessen F, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Kizilirmak JM. Machine learning-based classification of Alzheimer's disease and its at-risk states using personality traits, anxiety, and depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6007. [PMID: 37800601 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often preceded by stages of cognitive impairment, namely subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). While cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are established predictors of AD, other non-invasive candidate predictors include personality traits, anxiety, and depression, among others. These predictors offer non-invasive assessment and exhibit changes during AD development and preclinical stages. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, we comparatively evaluated the predictive value of personality traits (Big Five), geriatric anxiety and depression scores, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging activity of the default mode network, apoliprotein E (ApoE) genotype, and CSF biomarkers (tTau, pTau181, Aβ42/40 ratio) in a multi-class support vector machine classification. Participants included 189 healthy controls (HC), 338 individuals with SCD, 132 with amnestic MCI, and 74 with mild AD from the multicenter DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). RESULTS Mean predictive accuracy across all participant groups was highest when utilizing a combination of personality, depression, and anxiety scores. HC were best predicted by a feature set comprised of depression and anxiety scores and participants with AD were best predicted by a feature set containing CSF biomarkers. Classification of participants with SCD or aMCI was near chance level for all assessed feature sets. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate predictive value of personality trait and state scores for AD. Importantly, CSF biomarkers, personality, depression, anxiety, and ApoE genotype show complementary value for classification of AD and its at-risk stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad F Waschkies
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joram Soch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarita Darna
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anni Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Munich, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aline Beyle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Buchholz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gabelin
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin M Kizilirmak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Neurodidactics and NeuroLab, Institute for Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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17
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Teipel SJ, Dyrba M, Levin F, Altenstein S, Berger M, Beyle A, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Burow L, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Glanz W, Goerss D, Gref D, Hansen N, Heneka MT, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Keles D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Lohse A, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Schmid M, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Wiltfang J, Düzel E, Jessen F, Kleineidam L, Wagner M. Cognitive Trajectories in Preclinical and Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease Related to Amyloid Status and Brain Atrophy: A Bayesian Approach. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1055-1076. [PMID: 37849637 PMCID: PMC10578328 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive decline is a key outcome of clinical studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective To determine effects of global amyloid load as well as hippocampus and basal forebrain volumes on longitudinal rates and practice effects from repeated testing of domain specific cognitive change in the AD spectrum, considering non-linear effects and heterogeneity across cohorts. Methods We included 1,514 cases from three cohorts, ADNI, AIBL, and DELCODE, spanning the range from cognitively normal people to people with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We used generalized Bayesian mixed effects analysis of linear and polynomial models of amyloid and volume effects in time. Robustness of effects across cohorts was determined using Bayesian random effects meta-analysis. Results We found a consistent effect of amyloid and hippocampus volume, but not of basal forebrain volume, on rates of memory change across the three cohorts in the meta-analysis. Effects for amyloid and volumetric markers on executive function were more heterogeneous. We found practice effects in memory and executive performance in amyloid negative cognitively normal controls and MCI cases, but only to a smaller degree in amyloid positive controls and not at all in amyloid positive MCI cases. Conclusions We found heterogeneity between cohorts, particularly in effects on executive functions. Initial increases in cognitive performance in amyloid negative, but not in amyloid positive MCI cases and controls may reflect practice effects from repeated testing that are lost with higher levels of cerebral amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Fedor Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aline Beyle
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Enise I. Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany pGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Deniz Keles
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of T¨ubingen, T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias H. Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of T¨ubingen, T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anja Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Martinelli F, Heinken A, Henning AK, Wörheide MA, Hensen T, González A, Arnold M, Asthana S, Budde K, Engelman CD, Estaki M, Grabe HJ, Heston M, Johnson S, Kastenmüller G, Martino C, McDonald D, Rey F, Kilimann I, Peters O, Wang X, Spruth EJ, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Hansen N, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Nauck M, Teipel S, Knight R, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Bendlin BB, Hertel J, Thiele I. Whole-body modelling reveals microbiome and genomic interactions on reduced urine formate levels in Alzheimer's disease. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3306891. [PMID: 37720019 PMCID: PMC10503865 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3306891/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to understand the potential role of the gut microbiome in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We took a multi-faceted approach to investigate this relationship. Urine metabolomics were examined in individuals with AD and controls, revealing decreased formate and fumarate concentrations in AD. Additionally, we utilized whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data obtained from a separate group of individuals with AD and controls. This information allowed us to create and investigate host-microbiome personalized models. Notably, AD individuals displayed diminished formate microbial secretion in these models. Additionally, we identified specific reactions responsible for the production of formate in the host, and interestingly, these reactions were linked to genes that have correlations with AD. This study suggests formate as a possible early AD marker and highlights genetic and microbiome contributions to its production. The reduced formate secretion and its genetic associations point to a complex connection between gut microbiota and AD. This holistic understanding might pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria A Wörheide
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health
| | | | | | - Matthias Arnold
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
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19
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Klimecki OM, Liebscher M, Gaubert M, Hayek D, Zarucha A, Dyrba M, Bartels C, Buerger K, Butryn M, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Glanz W, Hetzer S, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kleineidam L, Laske C, Maier F, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Priller J, Rauchmann BS, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spruth EJ, Spottke A, Teipel SJ, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Düzel E, Jessen F, Wagner M, Roeske S, Wirth M. Long-term environmental enrichment is associated with better fornix microstructure in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1170879. [PMID: 37711996 PMCID: PMC10498282 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1170879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sustained environmental enrichment (EE) through a variety of leisure activities may decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. This cross-sectional cohort study investigated the association between long-term EE in young adulthood through middle life and microstructure of fiber tracts associated with the memory system in older adults. Methods N = 201 cognitively unimpaired participants (≥ 60 years of age) from the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) baseline cohort were included. Two groups of participants with higher (n = 104) or lower (n = 97) long-term EE were identified, using the self-reported frequency of diverse physical, intellectual, and social leisure activities between the ages 13 to 65. White matter (WM) microstructure was measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the fornix, uncinate fasciculus, and parahippocampal cingulum using diffusion tensor imaging. Long-term EE groups (lower/higher) were compared with adjustment for potential confounders, such as education, crystallized intelligence, and socio-economic status. Results Reported participation in higher long-term EE was associated with greater fornix microstructure, as indicated by higher FA (standardized β = 0.117, p = 0.033) and lower MD (β = -0.147, p = 0.015). Greater fornix microstructure was indirectly associated (FA: unstandardized B = 0.619, p = 0.038; MD: B = -0.035, p = 0.026) with better memory function through higher long-term EE. No significant effects were found for the other WM tracts. Conclusion Our findings suggest that sustained participation in a greater variety of leisure activities relates to preserved WM microstructure in the memory system in older adults. This could be facilitated by the multimodal stimulation associated with the engagement in a physically, intellectually, and socially enriched lifestyle. Longitudinal studies will be needed to support this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Klimecki
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxie Liebscher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Malo Gaubert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Rennes, France
| | - Dayana Hayek
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexis Zarucha
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- Magnetic Resonance (MR)-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Miranka Wirth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
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20
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Bernal J, Schreiber S, Menze I, Ostendorf A, Pfister M, Geisendörfer J, Nemali A, Maass A, Yakupov R, Peters O, Preis L, Schneider L, Herrera AL, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Rostamzadeh A, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Dobisch L, Dechent P, Scheffler K, Hetzer S, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Schmid M, Berger M, Jessen F, Wirth M, Düzel E, Ziegler G. Arterial hypertension and β-amyloid accumulation have spatially overlapping effects on posterior white matter hyperintensity volume: a cross-sectional study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:97. [PMID: 37226207 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH) in subjects across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum with minimal vascular pathology suggests that amyloid pathology-not just arterial hypertension-impacts WMH, which in turn adversely influences cognition. Here we seek to determine the effect of both hypertension and Aβ positivity on WMH, and their impact on cognition. METHODS We analysed data from subjects with a low vascular profile and normal cognition (NC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) enrolled in the ongoing observational multicentre DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (n = 375, median age 70.0 [IQR 66.0, 74.4] years; 178 female; NC/SCD/MCI 127/162/86). All subjects underwent a rich neuropsychological assessment. We focused on baseline memory and executive function-derived from multiple neuropsychological tests using confirmatory factor analysis-, baseline preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite 5 (PACC5) scores, and changes in PACC5 scores over the course of three years (ΔPACC5). RESULTS Subjects with hypertension or Aβ positivity presented the largest WMH volumes (pFDR < 0.05), with spatial overlap in the frontal (hypertension: 0.42 ± 0.17; Aβ: 0.46 ± 0.18), occipital (hypertension: 0.50 ± 0.16; Aβ: 0.50 ± 0.16), parietal lobes (hypertension: 0.57 ± 0.18; Aβ: 0.56 ± 0.20), corona radiata (hypertension: 0.45 ± 0.17; Aβ: 0.40 ± 0.13), optic radiation (hypertension: 0.39 ± 0.18; Aβ: 0.74 ± 0.19), and splenium of the corpus callosum (hypertension: 0.36 ± 0.12; Aβ: 0.28 ± 0.12). Elevated global and regional WMH volumes coincided with worse cognitive performance at baseline and over 3 years (pFDR < 0.05). Aβ positivity was negatively associated with cognitive performance (direct effect-memory: - 0.33 ± 0.08, pFDR < 0.001; executive: - 0.21 ± 0.08, pFDR < 0.001; PACC5: - 0.29 ± 0.09, pFDR = 0.006; ΔPACC5: - 0.34 ± 0.04, pFDR < 0.05). Splenial WMH mediated the relationship between hypertension and cognitive performance (indirect-only effect-memory: - 0.05 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.029; executive: - 0.04 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.067; PACC5: - 0.05 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.030; ΔPACC5: - 0.09 ± 0.03, pFDR = 0.043) and WMH in the optic radiation partially mediated that between Aβ positivity and memory (indirect effect-memory: - 0.05 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Posterior white matter is susceptible to hypertension and Aβ accumulation. Posterior WMH mediate the association between these pathologies and cognitive dysfunction, making them a promising target to tackle the downstream damage related to the potentially interacting and potentiating effects of the two pathologies. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00007966, 04/05/2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Bernal
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inga Menze
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Ostendorf
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Malte Pfister
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Geisendörfer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Nemali
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Lucia Herrera
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miranka Wirth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tatzberg 41, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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Schmicker M, Frühling I, Menze I, Glanz W, Müller P, Noesselt T, Müller NG. The Potential Role of Gustatory Function as an Early Diagnostic Marker for the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in Subjective Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:249-262. [PMID: 37090958 PMCID: PMC10116167 DOI: 10.3233/adr220092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) report memory deterioration and are at an increased risk of converting to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) although psychophysical testing does not reveal any cognitive deficit. Objective: Here, gustatory function is investigated as a potential predictor for an increased risk of progressive cognitive decline indicating higher AD risk in SCD. Methods: Measures of smell and taste perception as well as neuropsychological data were assessed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD): Subgroups with an increased likelihood of the progression to preclinical AD (SCD+) and those with a lower likelihood (SCD–) were compared to healthy controls (HC), patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD patients. The Sniffin’ Sticks test contained 12 items with different qualities and taste was measured with 32 taste stripes (sweet, salty, bitter, sour) of different concentration. Results: Only taste was able to distinguish between HC/SCD– and SCD+ patients. Conclusion: This study provides a first hint of taste as a more sensitive marker than smell for detecting preclinical AD in SCD. Longitudinal observation of cognition and pathology are necessary to further evaluate taste perception as a predictor of pathological objective decline in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Schmicker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Insa Frühling
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inga Menze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- University Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C)
| | - Toemme Noesselt
- Biological Psychology, Faculty of Natural Science, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G. Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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22
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Ballarini T, Kuhn E, Röske S, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Buchholz F, Buerger K, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Frommann I, Gabelin T, Glanz W, Görß D, Haynes JD, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kleineidam L, Kobeleva X, Laske C, Lohse A, Maier F, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Priller J, Rauchmann BS, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Düzel E, Jessen F, Wagner M. Linking early-life bilingualism and cognitive advantage in older adulthood. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 124:18-28. [PMID: 36706574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified bilingualism as a protective factor against dementia. Here we aimed to test whether being bilingual at different life stages impacts cognition and brain structure in older adulthood. We included 746 participants from the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). Assessment of bilingualism at 3 life stages (early: 13-30, middle: 30-65 and late: over 65 years old) was determined with the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire. Individuals reporting bilingualism (i.e., daily use of L2) in the early life stage outperformed monolinguals on learning & memory, working-memory, executive functions and language. Bilingualism in middle life stage showed a significant advantage on learning & memory, while no effect of bilingualism in old life stage was identified. Brain gray matter volume was not associated with L2 use and did not differ between groups. However, stronger correlations between brain gray matter volume in selected brain regions and cognitive performance were found in bilingual participants in the early and middle life stages. Our results indicate that bilingualism in early life might provide a long-lasting protective effect on cognition and shape the brain to sustain cognitive performance in older adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Kuhn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Röske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Buchholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gabelin
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Görß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Xenia Kobeleva
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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23
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Heinzinger N, Maass A, Berron D, Yakupov R, Peters O, Fiebach J, Villringer K, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Jessen F, Maier F, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Killimann I, Göerß D, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Dechent P, Haynes JD, Scheffler K, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Schmid M, Berger M, Düzel E, Ziegler G. Exploring the ATN classification system using brain morphology. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:50. [PMID: 36915139 PMCID: PMC10009950 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NIA-AA proposed amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration (ATN) as a classification system for AD biomarkers. The amyloid cascade hypothesis (ACH) implies a sequence across ATN groups that patients might undergo during transition from healthy towards AD: A-T-N-➔A+T-N-➔A+T+N-➔A+T+N+. Here we assess the evidence for monotonic brain volume decline for this particular (amyloid-conversion first, tau-conversion second, N-conversion last) and alternative progressions using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in a large cross-sectional MRI cohort. METHODS We used baseline data of the DELCODE cohort of 437 subjects (127 controls, 168 SCD, 87 MCI, 55 AD patients) which underwent lumbar puncture, MRI scanning, and neuropsychological assessment. ATN classification was performed using CSF-Aβ42/Aβ40 (A+/-), CSF phospho-tau (T+/-), and adjusted hippocampal volume or CSF total-tau (N+/-). We compared voxel-wise model evidence for monotonic decline of gray matter volume across various sequences over ATN groups using the Bayesian Information Criterion (including also ROIs of Braak stages). First, face validity of the ACH transition sequence A-T-N-➔A+T-N-➔A+T+N-➔A+T+N+ was compared against biologically less plausible (permuted) sequences among AD continuum ATN groups. Second, we evaluated evidence for 6 monotonic brain volume progressions from A-T-N- towards A+T+N+ including also non-AD continuum ATN groups. RESULTS The ACH-based progression A-T-N-➔A+T-N-➔A+T+N-➔A+T+N+ was consistent with cognitive decline and clinical diagnosis. Using hippocampal volume for operationalization of neurodegeneration (N), ACH was most evident in 9% of gray matter predominantly in the medial temporal lobe. Many cortical regions suggested alternative non-monotonic volume progressions over ACH progression groups, which is compatible with an early amyloid-related tissue expansion or sampling effects, e.g., due to brain reserve. Volume decline in 65% of gray matter was consistent with a progression where A status converts before T or N status (i.e., ACH/ANT) when compared to alternative sequences (TAN/TNA/NAT/NTA). Brain regions earlier affected by tau tangle deposition (Braak stage I-IV, MTL, limbic system) present stronger evidence for volume decline than late Braak stage ROIs (V/VI, cortical regions). Similar findings were observed when using CSF total-tau for N instead. CONCLUSION Using the ATN classification system, early amyloid status conversion (before tau and neurodegeneration) is associated with brain volume loss observed during AD progression. The ATN system and the ACH are compatible with monotonic progression of MTL atrophy. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS00007966, 04/05/2015, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Heinzinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany. .,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Fiebach
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kersten Villringer
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eike Jacob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Killimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Göerß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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Ersoezlue E, Perneczky R, Tato M, Utecht J, Kurz C, Häckert J, Guersel S, Burow L, Koller G, Stoecklein S, Keeser D, Papazov B, Totzke M, Ballarini T, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Glanz W, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kleineidam L, Laske C, Maier F, Munk MH, Peters O, Priller J, Ramirez A, Roeske S, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Unterfeld C, Wagner M, Wang X, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Duezel E, Jessen F, Rauchmann BS. A Residual Marker of Cognitive Reserve Is Associated with Resting-State Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:925-940. [PMID: 36806502 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) explains inter-individual differences in the impact of the neurodegenerative burden on cognitive functioning. A residual model was proposed to estimate CR more accurately than previous measures. However, associations between residual CR markers (CRM) and functional connectivity (FC) remain unexplored. OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between the CRM and intrinsic network connectivity (INC) in resting-state networks along the neuropathological-continuum of Alzheimer's disease (ADN). METHODS Three hundred eighteen participants from the DELCODE cohort were stratified using cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers according to the A(myloid-β)/T(au)/N(eurodegeneration) classification. CRM was calculated utilizing residuals obtained from a multilinear regression model predicting cognition from markers of disease burden. Using an independent component analysis in resting-state fMRI data, we measured INC of resting-state networks, i.e., default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), salience network (SAL), and dorsal attention network. The associations of INC with a composite memory score and CRM and the associations of CRM with the seed-to-voxel functional connectivity of memory-related were tested in general linear models. RESULTS CRM was positively associated with INC in the DMN in the entire cohort. The A+T+N+ group revealed an anti-correlation between the SAL and the DMN. Furthermore, CRM was positively associated with anti-correlation between memory-related regions in FPN and DMN in ADN and A+T/N+. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that INC is associated with CRM in ADN defined as participants with amyloid pathology with or without cognitive symptoms, suggesting that the neural correlates of CR are mirrored in network FC in resting-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Ersoezlue
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,Department of Gerontopsychiatry and Developmental Disorders, kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum Haar, University Teaching Hospital of LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maia Tato
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Utecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Häckert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Selim Guersel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stoecklein
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boris Papazov
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marie Totzke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Munich), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Munich), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich, Germany.,University of Edinburgh and UK DRI Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany.,Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Chantal Unterfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany.,Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of University of Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Germany.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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25
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Jessen F, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineindam L, Spottke A, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Berger M, Brosseron F, Daamen M, Dichgans M, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fenski F, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Glanz W, Görß D, Gürsel S, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kobeleva X, Lohse A, Maier F, Metzger C, Munk M, Preis L, Sanzenbacher C, Spruth E, Rauchmann B, Vukovich R, Yakupov R, Weyrauch AS, Ziegler G, Schmid M, Laske C, Perneczky R, Schneider A, Wiltfang J, Teipel S, Bürger K, Priller J, Peters O, Ramirez A, Boecker H, Heneka MT, Wagner M, Düzel E. Subjective cognitive decline and stage 2 of Alzheimer disease in patients from memory centers. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:487-497. [PMID: 35451563 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is uncertain whether subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in individuals who seek medical help serves the identification of the initial symptomatic stage 2 of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. METHODS Cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the multicenter, memory clinic-based DELCODE study. RESULTS The SCD group showed slightly worse cognition as well as more subtle functional and behavioral symptoms than the control group (CO). SCD-A+ cases (39.3% of all SCD) showed greater hippocampal atrophy, lower cognitive and functional performance, and more behavioral symptoms than CO-A+. Amyloid concentration in the CSF had a greater effect on longitudinal cognitive decline in SCD than in the CO group. DISCUSSION Our data suggests that SCD serves the identification of stage 2 of the AD continuum and that stage 2, operationalized as SCD-A+, is associated with subtle, but extended impact of AD pathology in terms of neurodegeneration, symptoms and clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineindam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Daamen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Fenski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Görß
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Selim Gürsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xenia Kobeleva
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Munk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Sanzenbacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eike Spruth
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Ruth Vukovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Weyrauch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Bürger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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26
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Brosseron F, Maass A, Kleineidam L, Ravichandran KA, Kolbe CC, Wolfsgruber S, Santarelli F, Häsler LM, McManus R, Ising C, Röske S, Peters O, Cosma NC, Schneider LS, Wang X, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Dichgans M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Görß D, Laske C, Munk MH, Düzel E, Yakupow R, Dobisch L, Metzger CD, Glanz W, Ewers M, Dechent P, Haynes JD, Scheffler K, Roy N, Rostamzadeh A, Spottke A, Ramirez A, Mengel D, Synofzik M, Jucker M, Latz E, Jessen F, Wagner M, Heneka MT. Serum IL-6, sAXL, and YKL-40 as systemic correlates of reduced brain structure and function in Alzheimer's disease: results from the DELCODE study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:13. [PMID: 36631909 PMCID: PMC9835320 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation constitutes a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Still, it remains unresolved if peripheral inflammatory markers can be utilized for research purposes similar to blood-based beta-amyloid and neurodegeneration measures. We investigated experimental inflammation markers in serum and analyzed interrelations towards AD pathology features in a cohort with a focus on at-risk stages of AD. METHODS Data of 74 healthy controls (HC), 99 subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 75 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 23 AD relatives, and 38 AD subjects were obtained from the DELCODE cohort. A panel of 20 serum biomarkers was determined using immunoassays. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, APOE status, and body mass index and included correlations between serum and CSF marker levels and AD biomarker levels. Group-wise comparisons were based on screening diagnosis and routine AD biomarker-based schematics. Structural imaging data were combined into composite scores representing Braak stage regions and related to serum biomarker levels. The Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC5) score was used to test for associations between the biomarkers and cognitive performance. RESULTS Each experimental marker displayed an individual profile of interrelations to AD biomarkers, imaging, or cognition features. Serum-soluble AXL (sAXL), IL-6, and YKL-40 showed the most striking associations. Soluble AXL was significantly elevated in AD subjects with pathological CSF beta-amyloid/tau profile and negatively related to structural imaging and cognitive function. Serum IL-6 was negatively correlated to structural measures of Braak regions, without associations to corresponding IL-6 CSF levels or other AD features. Serum YKL-40 correlated most consistently to CSF AD biomarker profiles and showed the strongest negative relations to structure, but none to cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Serum sAXL, IL-6, and YKL-40 relate to different AD features, including the degree of neuropathology and cognitive functioning. This may suggest that peripheral blood signatures correspond to specific stages of the disease. As serum markers did not reflect the corresponding CSF protein levels, our data highlight the need to interpret serum inflammatory markers depending on the respective protein's specific biology and cellular origin. These marker-specific differences will have to be considered to further define and interpret blood-based inflammatory profiles for AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Brosseron
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kishore Aravind Ravichandran
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carl-Christian Kolbe
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XInstitute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesco Santarelli
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Häsler
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Róisín McManus
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Ising
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.452408.fExcellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Sandra Röske
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicoleta-Carmen Cosma
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa-Sophie Schneider
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Eike J. Spruth
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7311.40000000123236065Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H. Schott
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ,grid.418723.b0000 0001 2109 6265Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany ,grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany ,grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Görß
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H. Munk
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupow
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline D. Metzger
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Bernstein Center for Computational Neurosciences, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.452408.fExcellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany ,grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ,Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - David Mengel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XInstitute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.452408.fExcellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany ,grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.16008.3f0000 0001 2295 9843Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur- Alzette, Luxembourg
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Grässler B, Dordevic M, Darius S, Herold F, Forte G, Langhans C, Halfpaap N, Müller P, Glanz W, Dantas EHM, Böckelmann I, Müller N, Hökelmann A. Is there a link between heart rate variability and cognitive decline? A cross-sectional study on patients with mild cognitive impairment and cognitively healthy controls. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2023; 81:9-18. [PMID: 36918002 PMCID: PMC10014205 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that, up to date, there is no effective strategy to treat dementia, a timely start of interventions in a prodromal stage such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered an important option to lower the overall societal burden. Although autonomic functions have been related to cognitive performance, both aspects have rarely been studied simultaneously in MCI. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate cardiac autonomic control in older adults with and without MCI. METHODS Cardiac autonomic control was assessed by means of heart rate variability (HRV) at resting state and during cognitive tasks in 22 older adults with MCI and 29 healthy controls (HCs). Resting HRV measurement was performed for 5 minutes during a sitting position. Afterwards, participants performed three PC-based tasks to probe performance in executive functions and language abilities (i.e., Stroop, N-back, and a verbal fluency task). RESULTS Participants with MCI showed a significant reduction of HRV in the frequency-domain (high frequency power) and nonlinear indices (SD2, D2, and DFA1) during resting state compared to HCs. Older individuals with MCI exhibited decreases in RMSSD and increases in DFA1 from resting state to Stroop and N-back tasks, reflecting strong vagal withdrawal, while this parameter remained stable in HCs. CONCLUSION The results support the presence of autonomic dysfunction at the early stage of cognitive impairment. Heart rate variability could help in the prediction of cognitive decline as a noninvasive biomarker or as a tool to monitor the effectiveness of therapy and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Grässler
- Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Sport Science, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Milos Dordevic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroprotection Research Group, Magdeburg, Germany.,Otto von Guericke University, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Faculty of Health Sciences, Degenerative and Chronic Diseases Research Group, Movement, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sabine Darius
- Otto von Guericke University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Herold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroprotection Research Group, Magdeburg, Germany.,Otto von Guericke University, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Faculty of Health Sciences, Degenerative and Chronic Diseases Research Group, Movement, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Action and Body Lab, Rome, Italy
| | - Corinna Langhans
- Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Sport Science, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Halfpaap
- Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Sport Science, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroprotection Research Group, Magdeburg, Germany.,Otto von Guericke University, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany.,Otto- von- Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Research Group Neuroprotection Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Enfermagem e Biociências, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Tiradentes, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente, Aracaju SE, Brazil
| | - Irina Böckelmann
- Otto von Guericke University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroprotection Research Group, Magdeburg, Germany.,Otto von Guericke University, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Faculty of Health Sciences, Degenerative and Chronic Diseases Research Group, Movement, Potsdam, Germany.,Center Research Group Neuroprotection for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anita Hökelmann
- Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Sport Science, Magdeburg, Germany
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28
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Kleineidam L, Wolfsgruber S, Weyrauch AS, Zulka LE, Forstmeier S, Roeske S, van den Bussche H, Kaduszkiewicz H, Wiese B, Weyerer S, Werle J, Fuchs A, Pentzek M, Brettschneider C, König HH, Weeg D, Bickel H, Luppa M, Rodriguez FS, Freiesleben SD, Erdogan S, Unterfeld C, Peters O, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Priller J, Fliessbach K, Kobeleva X, Schneider A, Bartels C, Schott BH, Wiltfang J, Maier F, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Düzel E, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Rauchmann BS, Perneczky R, Kilimann I, Görß D, Teipel S, Laske C, Munk MHJ, Spottke A, Roy N, Brosseron F, Heneka MT, Ramirez A, Yakupov R, Scherer M, Maier W, Jessen F, Riedel-Heller SG, Wagner M. Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve. Front Psychol 2022; 13:957308. [PMID: 36571008 PMCID: PMC9773841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several lifestyle factors promote protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) throughout a person's lifespan. Although such protective effects have been described for occupational cognitive requirements (OCR) in midlife, it is currently unknown whether they are conveyed by brain maintenance (BM), brain reserve (BR), or cognitive reserve (CR) or a combination of them. Methods We systematically derived hypotheses for these resilience concepts and tested them in the population-based AgeCoDe cohort and memory clinic-based AD high-risk DELCODE study. The OCR score (OCRS) was measured using job activities based on the O*NET occupational classification system. Four sets of analyses were conducted: (1) the interaction of OCR and APOE-ε4 with regard to cognitive decline (N = 2,369, AgeCoDe), (2) association with differentially shaped retrospective trajectories before the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT; N = 474, AgeCoDe), (3) cross-sectional interaction of the OCR and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and brain structural measures regarding memory function (N = 873, DELCODE), and (4) cross-sectional and longitudinal association of OCR with CSF AD biomarkers and brain structural measures (N = 873, DELCODE). Results Regarding (1), higher OCRS was associated with a reduced association of APOE-ε4 with cognitive decline (mean follow-up = 6.03 years), consistent with CR and BR. Regarding (2), high OCRS was associated with a later onset but subsequently stronger cognitive decline in individuals converting to DAT, consistent with CR. Regarding (3), higher OCRS was associated with a weaker association of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio and hippocampal volume with memory function, consistent with CR. Regarding (4), OCR was not associated with the levels or changes in CSF AD biomarkers (mean follow-up = 2.61 years). We found a cross-sectional, age-independent association of OCRS with some MRI markers, but no association with 1-year-change. OCR was not associated with the intracranial volume. These results are not completely consistent with those of BR or BM. Discussion Our results support the link between OCR and CR. Promoting and seeking complex and stimulating work conditions in midlife could therefore contribute to increased resistance to pathologies in old age and might complement prevention measures aimed at reducing pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Kleineidam
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,*Correspondence: Luca Kleineidam
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Weyrauch
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linn E. Zulka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Department of Psychology and Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Forstmeier
- Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology of the Lifespan, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik van den Bussche
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Kaduszkiewicz
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Medical Faculty, Institute of General Practice, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Birgitt Wiese
- Center for Information Management, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weyerer
- Medical Faculty, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Werle
- Medical Faculty, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Fuchs
- Medical Faculty, Centre for Health and Society (CHS), Institute of General Practice (ifam), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Pentzek
- Medical Faculty, Centre for Health and Society (CHS), Institute of General Practice (ifam), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Brettschneider
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Weeg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Luppa
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francisca S. Rodriguez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Medical Faculty, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Campus Berlin-Buch, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,Memory Clinic and Dementia Prevention Center, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Selin Erdogan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Campus Berlin-Buch, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,Memory Clinic and Dementia Prevention Center, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Chantal Unterfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Campus Berlin-Buch, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,Memory Clinic and Dementia Prevention Center, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike J. Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Xenia Kobeleva
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Björn H. Schott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany,Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Enise I. Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Sheeld Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheeld, Sheeld, United Kingdom
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Görß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H. J. Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Michael T. Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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Marquardt J, Mohan P, Spiliopoulou M, Glanz W, Butryn M, Kuehn E, Schreiber S, Maass A, Diersch N. Individual movement patterns in real‐world navigation as a digital marker of cognitive health in the elderly. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.063058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Marquardt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Magdeburg Germany
| | - Priyanka Mohan
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Myra Spiliopoulou
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Esther Kuehn
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Magdeburg Germany
| | - Nadine Diersch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Aging and Cognition Research Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
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30
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Vockert N, Schütze H, Richter A, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Cardenas‐Blanco A, Dahmen P, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Fließbach K, Freiesleben SD, Glanz W, Goerss D, Haynes J, Heneka MT, Kilimann I, Kimmich O, Kleineidam L, Laske C, Lohse A, Metzger CD, Munk MHJ, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Ramirez A, Roeske S, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Zeidman P, Jessen F, Schott BH, Duzel E, Maass A, Ziegler G. A Cognitive Reserve Network That Moderates the Relationship Between Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Cognition. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.062134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Vockert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Anni Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Arturo Cardenas‐Blanco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Philip Dahmen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR‐Research in Neurosciences, Georg‐August‐University Goettingen, Goettingen Germany Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Humbold‐Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - John‐Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité ‐ Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock Germany
| | - Okka Kimmich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Coraline D. Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Matthias H. J. Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen Germany
- Systems Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology Darmstadt Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases San Antonio TX USA
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Tuebingen Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Peter Zeidman
- Wellcome Center for Human Neuroimaging London United Kingdom
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen Germany
| | - Emrah Duzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Magdeburg Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
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Nemy M, Dyrba M, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Glanz W, Goerss D, Heneka MT, Hetzer S, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Maier F, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rauchmann BS, Röske S, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Yakupov R, Eriksdotter M, Westman E, Stepankova O, Vyslouzilova L, Düzel E, Jessen F, Teipel SJ, Ferreira D. Cholinergic white matter pathways along the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Brain 2022; 146:2075-2088. [PMID: 36288546 PMCID: PMC10151179 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert and its white matter projections are affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, it is still unknown if these alterations can be found in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and whether they are more pronounced than changes found in conventional brain volumetric measurements. To address these questions, we investigated microstructural alterations of two major cholinergic pathways in individuals along the AD continuum using an in vivo model of the human cholinergic system based on neuroimaging.
We included 405 participants (53 AD, 66 MCI, 174 SCD, and 112 healthy controls) from the Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). We modelled the cholinergic white matter pathways with an enhanced diffusion neuroimaging pipeline that included probabilistic fiber-tracking methods and prior anatomical knowledge. The integrity of the cholinergic white matter pathways was compared between stages of the AD continuum, in the whole cohort and in a CSF amyloid-beta stratified subsample. The discriminative power of the integrity of the pathways was compared to the conventional volumetric measures of hippocampus and nucleus basalis of Meynert, using a receiver operating characteristics analysis. A multivariate model was employed to investigate the role of these pathways in relation to cognitive performance.
We found that the integrity of the cholinergic white matter pathways was significantly reduced in all stages of the AD continuum, including individuals with SCD. The differences involved posterior cholinergic white matter in the SCD stage and extended to anterior frontal white matter in MCI and AD dementia stages. Both cholinergic pathways and conventional volumetric measures showed higher predictive power in the more advanced stages of the disease, i.e., MCI and AD dementia. In contrast, the integrity of cholinergic pathways was more informative in distinguishing SCD from healthy controls, as compared with the volumetric measures. The multivariate model revealed a moderate contribution of the cholinergic white matter pathways but not of volumetric measures towards memory tests in the SCD and MCI stages.
In conclusion, we demonstrated that cholinergic white matter pathways are altered already in SCD individuals, preceding the more widespread alterations found in MCI and AD. The integrity of the cholinergic pathways identified the early stages of AD better than conventional volumetric measures such as hippocampal volume or volume of cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Nemy
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Assistive Technology, Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Rostock , Germany
| | | | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich , Munich , Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital , LMU Munich, Munich , Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich , Munich , Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital , LMU Munich, Munich , Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Rostock , Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Magdeburg , Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital , LMU Munich, Munich , Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Rostock , Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Tübingen , Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty , Cologne , Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Tübingen , Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich , Munich , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital , LMU Munich, Munich , Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich , Munich , Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London , UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences (SITraN), University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Berlin , Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry , Berlin , Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry , Berlin , Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Berlin , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Charité, Berlin , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital , LMU Munich, Munich , Germany
| | - Sandra Röske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Goettingen , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Berlin , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Charité, Berlin , Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Goettingen , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Erik Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London , London , UK
| | - Olga Stepankova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Assistive Technology, Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Vyslouzilova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Assistive Technology, Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Magdeburg , Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty , Cologne , Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Rostock , Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
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Georgakis MK, Fang R, Düring M, Wollenweber FA, Bode FJ, Stösser S, Kindlein C, Hermann P, Liman TG, Nolte CH, Kerti L, Ikenberg B, Bernkopf K, Poppert H, Glanz W, Perosa V, Janowitz D, Wagner M, Neumann K, Speck O, Dobisch L, Düzel E, Gesierich B, Dewenter A, Spottke A, Waegemann K, Görtler M, Wunderlich S, Endres M, Zerr I, Petzold G, Dichgans M. Cerebral small vessel disease burden and cognitive and functional outcomes after stroke: A multicenter prospective cohort study. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:1152-1163. [PMID: 35876563 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It remains unknown whether the global small vessel disease (SVD) burden predicts post-stroke outcomes. METHODS In a prospective multicenter study of 666 ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients, we quantified magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based SVD markers (lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, microbleeds, perivascular spaces) and explored associations with 6- and 12-month cognitive (battery of 15 neuropsychological tests) and functional (modified Rankin scale) outcomes. RESULTS A global SVD score (range 0-4) was associated with cognitive impairment; worse performance in executive function, attention, language, and visuospatial ability; and worse functional outcome across a 12-month follow-up. Although the global SVD score did not improve prediction, individual SVD markers, assessed across their severity range, improved the calibration, discrimination, and reclassification of predictive models including demographic, clinical, and other imaging factors. DISCUSSION SVD presence and severity are associated with worse cognitive and functional outcomes 12 months after stroke. Assessing SVD severity may aid prognostication for stroke patients. HIGHLIGHTS In a multi-center cohort, we explored associations of small vessel disease (SVD) burden with stroke outcomes. SVD burden associates with post-stroke cognitive and functional outcomes. A currently used score of SVD burden does not improve the prediction of poor outcomes. Assessing the severity of SVD lesions adds predictive value beyond known predictors. To add predictive value in assessing SVD in stroke patients, SVD burden scores should integrate lesion severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios K Georgakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rong Fang
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Düring
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC AG) and qbig, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank A Wollenweber
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix J Bode
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stösser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Kindlein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas G Liman
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Nolte
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucia Kerti
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benno Ikenberg
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen Bernkopf
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Poppert
- Department of Neurology, Helios Klinikum München West, Munich, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Perosa
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Katja Neumann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Dewenter
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin Waegemann
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Görtler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Silke Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabor Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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Billette OV, Ziegler G, Aruci M, Schütze H, Kizilirmak JM, Richter A, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Cardenas-Blanco A, Dahmen P, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Glanz W, Göerß D, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Kilimann I, Kimmich O, Kleineidam L, Laske C, Lohse A, Rostamzadeh A, Metzger C, Munk MH, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Ramirez A, Röske S, Roy N, Teipel S, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Zeidman P, Jessen F, Schott BH, Düzel E, Maass A. Novelty-Related fMRI Responses of Precuneus and Medial Temporal Regions in Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer Disease. Neurology 2022; 99:e775-e788. [PMID: 35995589 PMCID: PMC9484732 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives We assessed whether novelty-related fMRI activity in medial temporal lobe regions and the precuneus follows an inverted U-shaped pattern across the clinical spectrum of increased Alzheimer disease (AD) risk as previously suggested. Specifically, we tested for potentially increased activity in individuals with a higher AD risk due to subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We further tested whether activity differences related to diagnostic groups were accounted for by CSF markers of AD or brain atrophy. Methods We studied 499 participants aged 60–88 years from the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) who underwent task-fMRI. Participants included 163 cognitively normal (healthy control, HC) individuals, 222 SCD, 82 MCI, and 32 patients with clinical diagnosis of mild AD. CSF levels of β-amyloid 42/40 ratio and phosphorylated-tau181 were available from 232 participants. We used region-based analyses to assess novelty-related activity (novel > highly familiar scenes) in entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and precuneus as well as whole-brain voxel-wise analyses. First, general linear models tested differences in fMRI activity between participant groups. Complementary regression models tested quadratic relationships between memory impairment and activity. Second, relationships of activity with AD CSF biomarkers and brain volume were analyzed. Analyses were controlled for age, sex, study site, and education. Results In the precuneus, we observed an inverted U-shaped pattern of novelty-related activity across groups, with higher activity in SCD and MCI compared with HC, but not in patients with AD who showed relatively lower activity than MCI. This nonlinear pattern was confirmed by a quadratic relationship between memory impairment and precuneus activity. Precuneus activity was not related to AD biomarkers or brain volume. In contrast to the precuneus, hippocampal activity was reduced in AD dementia compared with all other groups and related to AD biomarkers. Discussion Novelty-related activity in the precuneus follows a nonlinear pattern across the clinical spectrum of increased AD risk. Although the underlying mechanism remains unclear, increased precuneus activity might represent an early signature of memory impairment. Our results highlight the nonlinearity of activity alterations that should be considered in clinical trials using functional outcome measures or targeting hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella V Billette
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Merita Aruci
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Jasmin M Kizilirmak
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Anni Richter
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Claudia Bartels
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Arturo Cardenas-Blanco
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Philip Dahmen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Peter Dechent
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Laura Dobisch
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Doreen Göerß
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Michael T Heneka
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Okka Kimmich
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Christoph Laske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Andrea Lohse
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Coraline Metzger
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Matthias H Munk
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Lukas Preis
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Josef Priller
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Anja Schneider
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Annika Spottke
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Sandra Röske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Nina Roy
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Stefan Teipel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Michael Wagner
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Renat Yakupov
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Peter Zeidman
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Frank Jessen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Björn H Schott
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Emrah Düzel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Anne Maass
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK.
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Pfister M, Frantsev R, Schreiber F, Garz C, Perosa V, Assmann A, Düzel E, Butryn M, Glanz W, Vielhaber S, Schreiber S, John A. P 25 CSF biomarkers in CAA compared to AD. Clin Neurophysiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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35
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Düzel E, Ziegler G, Berron D, Maass A, Schütze H, Cardenas-Blanco A, Glanz W, Metzger C, Dobisch L, Reuter M, Spottke A, Brosseron F, Fliessbach K, Heneka MT, Laske C, Peters O, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Ramirez A, Speck O, Schneider A, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Jens W, Schott BH, Preis L, Gref D, Maier F, Munk MH, Roy N, Ballarini T, Yakupov R, Haynes JD, Dechent P, Scheffler K, Wagner M, Jessen F. Amyloid pathology but not APOE ε4 status is permissive for tau-related hippocampal dysfunction. Brain 2022; 145:1473-1485. [PMID: 35352105 PMCID: PMC9128811 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the impact of tau-pathology on memory performance and on hippocampal/medial temporal memory function in non-demented individuals depends on the presence of amyloid pathology, irrespective of diagnostic clinical stage. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the observational, multicentric DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). Two hundred and thirty-five participants completed task functional MRI and provided CSF (92 cognitively unimpaired, 100 experiencing subjective cognitive decline and 43 with mild cognitive impairment). Presence (A+) and absence (A−) of amyloid pathology was defined by CSF amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) levels. Free recall performance in the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, scene recognition memory accuracy and hippocampal/medial temporal functional MRI novelty responses to scene images were related to CSF total-tau and phospho-tau levels separately for A+ and A− individuals. We found that total-tau and phospho-tau levels were negatively associated with memory performance in both tasks and with novelty responses in the hippocampus and amygdala, in interaction with Aβ42 levels. Subgroup analyses showed that these relationships were only present in A+ and remained stable when very high levels of tau (>700 pg/ml) and phospho-tau (>100 pg/ml) were excluded. These relationships were significant with diagnosis, age, education, sex, assessment site and Aβ42 levels as covariates. They also remained significant after propensity score based matching of phospho-tau levels across A+ and A− groups. After classifying this matched sample for phospho-tau pathology (T−/T+), individuals with A+/T+ were significantly more memory-impaired than A−/T+ despite the fact that both groups had the same amount of phospho-tau pathology. ApoE status (presence of the E4 allele), a known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, did not mediate the relationship between tau pathology and hippocampal function and memory performance. Thus, our data show that the presence of amyloid pathology is associated with a linear relationship between tau pathology, hippocampal dysfunction and memory impairment, although the actual severity of amyloid pathology is uncorrelated. Our data therefore indicate that the presence of amyloid pathology provides a permissive state for tau-related hippocampal dysfunction and hippocampus-dependent recognition and recall impairment. This raises the possibility that in the predementia stage of Alzheimer’s disease, removing the negative impact of amyloid pathology could improve memory and hippocampal function even if the amount of tau-pathology in CSF is not changed, whereas reducing increased CSF tau-pathology in amyloid-negative individuals may not proportionally improve memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Berron
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arturo Cardenas-Blanco
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Clinic for Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wiltfang Jens
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Björn-Hendrik Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tomasso Ballarini
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
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36
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Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Weyrauch AS, Barkhoff M, Röske S, Peters O, Preis L, Gref D, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Priller J, Fließbach K, Schneider A, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Jessen F, Maier F, Düzel E, Metzger C, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Kilimann I, Teipel S, Laske C, Munk MH, Roy N, Spottke A, Ramirez A, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Wagneron M. Relevance of Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with a First-Degree Family History of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:545-555. [PMID: 35275535 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a relevant clinical marker of incipient Alzheimer's disease (AD) and future cognitive deterioration in individuals with a family history of AD (FHAD). OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of SCD with cross-sectional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarker levels and cognitive decline in cognitively normal older adults with or without a first-degree FHAD. METHODS We analyzed data from cognitively normal individuals with first-degree FHAD (n = 82 "AD relatives"; mean age: 65.7 years (SD = 4.47); 59% female) and a similar group of n = 236 healthy controls without FHAD from the DELCODE study. We measured SCD with an in-depth structured interview from which we derived a SCD score, capturing features proposed to increase likelihood of underlying AD ("SCD-plus score"). We tested whether higher SCD-plus scores were associated with more pathological CSF AD biomarker levels and cognitive decline over time and whether this association varied by group. RESULTS AD relatives showed higher SCD-plus scores than healthy controls and more cognitive decline over time. Higher SCD-plus scores also related stronger to cognitive change and abnormal CSF AD biomarker levels in the AD relatives as compared to the healthy controls group. CONCLUSION Quantification of specific SCD features can provide further information on the likelihood of early AD pathology and cognitive decline among AD relatives. FHAD and SCD appear as synergistically acting enrichment strategies in AD research, the first one as a permanent indicator of genetic risk, the latter one as a correlate of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Weyrauch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Barkhoff
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Röske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany.,Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagneron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
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37
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Gaubert M, Dell'Orco A, Lange C, Garnier-Crussard A, Zimmermann I, Dyrba M, Duering M, Ziegler G, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Maier F, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Dechent P, Haynes JD, Scheffler K, Düzel E, Jessen F, Wirth M. Performance evaluation of automated white matter hyperintensity segmentation algorithms in a multicenter cohort on cognitive impairment and dementia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1010273. [PMID: 36713907 PMCID: PMC9877422 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH), a biomarker of small vessel disease, are often found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their advanced detection and quantification can be beneficial for research and clinical applications. To investigate WMH in large-scale multicenter studies on cognitive impairment and AD, appropriate automated WMH segmentation algorithms are required. This study aimed to compare the performance of segmentation tools and provide information on their application in multicenter research. METHODS We used a pseudo-randomly selected dataset (n = 50) from the DZNE-multicenter observational Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) that included 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images from participants across the cognitive continuum. Performances of top-rated algorithms for automated WMH segmentation [Brain Intensity Abnormality Classification Algorithm (BIANCA), lesion segmentation toolbox (LST), lesion growth algorithm (LGA), LST lesion prediction algorithm (LPA), pgs, and sysu_media] were compared to manual reference segmentation (RS). RESULTS Across tools, segmentation performance was moderate for global WMH volume and number of detected lesions. After retraining on a DELCODE subset, the deep learning algorithm sysu_media showed the highest performances with an average Dice's coefficient of 0.702 (±0.109 SD) for volume and a mean F1-score of 0.642 (±0.109 SD) for the number of lesions. The intra-class correlation was excellent for all algorithms (>0.9) but BIANCA (0.835). Performance improved with high WMH burden and varied across brain regions. CONCLUSION To conclude, the deep learning algorithm, when retrained, performed well in the multicenter context. Nevertheless, the performance was close to traditional methods. We provide methodological recommendations for future studies using automated WMH segmentation to quantify and assess WMH along the continuum of cognitive impairment and AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malo Gaubert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes University Hospital (CHU), Rennes, France
| | - Andrea Dell'Orco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catharina Lange
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antoine Garnier-Crussard
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Lyon Institute for Elderly, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France.,Neuroscience Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM 1048, CNRS 5292, Lyon, France
| | | | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marco Duering
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and qbig, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh and UK Dementia Research Institute (DRI), Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Miranka Wirth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
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38
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Brosseron F, Maass A, Kleineidam L, Ravichandran KA, González PG, McManus RM, Ising C, Santarelli F, Kolbe CC, Häsler LM, Wolfsgruber S, Marquié M, Boada M, Orellana A, de Rojas I, Röske S, Peters O, Cosma NC, Cetindag A, Wang X, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Bürger K, Janowitz D, Dichgans M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Göerß D, Laske C, Munk MH, Düzel E, Yakupov R, Dobisch L, Metzger CD, Glanz W, Ewers M, Dechent P, Haynes JD, Scheffler K, Roy N, Rostamzadeh A, Teunissen CE, Marchant NL, Spottke A, Jucker M, Latz E, Wagner M, Mengel D, Synofzik M, Jessen F, Ramirez A, Ruiz A, Heneka MT. Soluble TAM receptors sAXL and sTyro3 predict structural and functional protection in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 2021; 110:1009-1022.e4. [PMID: 34995486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve the understanding of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarker correlations to brain structural volume and longitudinal cognitive outcomes in the DELCODE study and in a validation cohort of the F.ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona. We investigated whether respective biomarker changes are evident before onset of cognitive impairment. YKL-40; sTREM2; sAXL; sTyro3; MIF; complement factors C1q, C4, and H; ferritin; and ApoE protein were elevated in pre-dementia subjects with pathological levels of tau or other neurodegeneration markers, demonstrating tight interactions between inflammation and accumulating neurodegeneration even before onset of symptoms. Intriguingly, higher levels of ApoE and soluble TAM receptors sAXL and sTyro3 were related to larger brain structure and stable cognitive outcome at follow-up. Our findings indicate a protective mechanism relevant for intervention strategies aiming to regulate neuroinflammation in subjects with no or subjective symptoms but underlying AD pathology profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kishore Aravind Ravichandran
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pablo García González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Róisín M McManus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Ising
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesco Santarelli
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carl-Christian Kolbe
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Institute of Innate Immune, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa M Häsler
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Röske
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicoleta-Carmen Cosma
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arda Cetindag
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, Göttingen 37075, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, Göttingen 37075, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Bürger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, Rostock 18147, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, Rostock 18147, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Göerß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Institute of Innate Immune, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - David Mengel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur- Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, North Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
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Nemali ASR, Yakupov R, Schütze H, Spottke A, Ramirez A, Schneider A, Metzger CD, Christoph L, Bittner D, Brosseron F, Priller J, Wiltfang J, Buerger K, Fließbach K, Heneka MT, Peters O, Speck O, Nestor PJ, Teipel SJ, Pross V, Glanz W, Wagner M, Jessen F, Düzel E, Ziegler G. Individualized MR‐based prediction of cognitive performance in subjects at risk of dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.053018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sai Ram Nemali
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Cologne Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Coraline D. Metzger
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Laske Christoph
- German Center for Neurodegenarative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen Germany
| | - Daniel Bittner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | | | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen Germany
| | | | - Klaus Fließbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | | | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Peter J. Nestor
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Stefan J. Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock Germany
| | - Verena Pross
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
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Heinzinger N, Maass A, Yakupov R, Schütze H, Spottke A, Ramirez A, Schneider A, Metzger CD, Laske C, Bittner D, Brosseron F, Priller J, Wiltfang J, Buerger K, Fließbach K, Heneka MT, Peters O, Speck O, Nestor PJ, Teipel SJ, Pross V, Glanz W, Wagner M, Jessen F, Düzel E, Ziegler G. Exploring the ATN classification system using brain morphology. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.052958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Heinzinger
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Cologne Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | | | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tuebingen Germany
| | - Daniel Bittner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | | | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen Germany
| | | | - Klaus Fließbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | | | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | | | - Stefan J. Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) ‐ Rostock/Greifswald Rostock Germany
| | - Verena Pross
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Cologne Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
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Dyrba M, Hanzig M, Altenstein S, Bader S, Ballarini T, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Cantré D, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Düzel E, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Glanz W, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Keles DB, Kilimann I, Laske C, Maier F, Metzger CD, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rauchmann B, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Weber MA, Ertl-Wagner B, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Jessen F, Teipel SJ. Improving 3D convolutional neural network comprehensibility via interactive visualization of relevance maps: evaluation in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:191. [PMID: 34814936 PMCID: PMC8611898 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve high diagnostic accuracy for detecting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, they are not yet applied in clinical routine. One important reason for this is a lack of model comprehensibility. Recently developed visualization methods for deriving CNN relevance maps may help to fill this gap as they allow the visualization of key input image features that drive the decision of the model. We investigated whether models with higher accuracy also rely more on discriminative brain regions predefined by prior knowledge. Methods We trained a CNN for the detection of AD in N = 663 T1-weighted MRI scans of patients with dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and verified the accuracy of the models via cross-validation and in three independent samples including in total N = 1655 cases. We evaluated the association of relevance scores and hippocampus volume to validate the clinical utility of this approach. To improve model comprehensibility, we implemented an interactive visualization of 3D CNN relevance maps, thereby allowing intuitive model inspection. Results Across the three independent datasets, group separation showed high accuracy for AD dementia versus controls (AUC ≥ 0.91) and moderate accuracy for amnestic MCI versus controls (AUC ≈ 0.74). Relevance maps indicated that hippocampal atrophy was considered the most informative factor for AD detection, with additional contributions from atrophy in other cortical and subcortical regions. Relevance scores within the hippocampus were highly correlated with hippocampal volumes (Pearson’s r ≈ −0.86, p < 0.001). Conclusion The relevance maps highlighted atrophy in regions that we had hypothesized a priori. This strengthens the comprehensibility of the CNN models, which were trained in a purely data-driven manner based on the scans and diagnosis labels. The high hippocampus relevance scores as well as the high performance achieved in independent samples support the validity of the CNN models in the detection of AD-related MRI abnormalities. The presented data-driven and hypothesis-free CNN modeling approach might provide a useful tool to automatically derive discriminative features for complex diagnostic tasks where clear clinical criteria are still missing, for instance for the differential diagnosis between various types of dementia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00924-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.
| | - Moritz Hanzig
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bader
- Institute of Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Cantré
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Deniz B Keles
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Systems Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Schwarck S, Busse N, Ziegler G, Glanz W, Becke A, Düzel E. Heart Rate Variability During Physical Exercise Is Associated With Improved Cognitive Performance in Alzheimer's Dementia Patients-A Longitudinal Feasibility Study. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:684089. [PMID: 34337405 PMCID: PMC8319237 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.684089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) rapidly gains attention as an important marker of cardiovascular autonomic modulation. Moreover, there is evidence for a link between the autonomic deficit measurable by reduced HRV and the hypoactivity of the cholinergic system, which is prominently affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the positive influence of physical exercise on cognition and its promising association with HRV, previous studies did not explore the effect of long-term physical exercise in older adults with AD. Taking advantage of a longitudinal study we analyzed the effect of a 20-week dual task training regime (3 × 15-min per week) on the vagal mediated HRV index RMSSD (root mean square of successive RR interval differences) during physical exercise and the short-term memory performance in a AD cohort (N = 14). Each training contained physical exercise on a bicycle ergometer while memorizing 30 successively presented pictures as well as the associated post-exercise picture recognition memory test. Linear-mixed modeling revealed that HRV-RMSSD significantly increased over the intervention time. Moreover, the reaction time in the picture recognition task decreased while the accuracy remained stable. Furthermore, a significantly negative relationship between increased fitness measured by HRV-RMSSD and decreased reaction time was observed. This feasibility study points to the positive effects of a dual task regime on physical and cognitive fitness in a sample with impaired cognitive performance. Beyond this, the results show that the responsiveness of parasympathetic system as measured with HRV can be improved in patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Schwarck
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Busse
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Becke
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
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Ballarini T, Melo van Lent D, Brunner J, Schröder A, Wolfsgruber S, Altenstein S, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Duzel E, Ertl-Wagner B, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Frommann I, Glanz W, Hauser D, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Maier F, Metzger CD, Munk M, Perneczky R, Peters O, Priller J, Ramirez A, Rauchmann B, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel SJ, Vukovich R, Wiltfang J, Jessen F, Wagner M. Mediterranean Diet, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Brain Atrophy in Old Age. Neurology 2021; 96:e2920-e2932. [PMID: 33952652 PMCID: PMC8253566 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether following a Mediterranean-like diet (MeDi) relates to cognitive functions and in vivo biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD), we analyzed cross-sectional data from the German DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study. METHOD: The sample (n=512, mean age: 69.5±5.9 years) included 169 cognitively normal participants and subjects at higher AD risk (53 with relatives with AD, 209 with subjective cognitive decline, and 81 with mild cognitive impairment). We defined MeDi adherence based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Brain volume outcomes were generated via voxel-based morphometry on T1-MRI and cognitive performance with an extensive neuropsychological battery. AD-related biomarkers (Aβ42/40 ratio, pTau181) in cerebrospinal fluid were assessed in n=226 individuals. We analyzed the associations between MeDi and the outcomes with linear regression models controlling for several covariates. Additionally, we applied hypothesis-driven mediation and moderation analysis. RESULTS Higher MeDi adherence related to larger mediotemporal gray matter volume (p<0.05 FWE corrected), better memory (β±SE = 0.03 ± 0.02; p=0.038), and less amyloid (Aβ42/40 ratio, β±SE = 0.003 ± 0.001; p=0.008) and pTau181 pathology (β±SE = -1.96±0.68; p=0.004). Mediotemporal volume mediated the association between MeDi and memory (40% indirect mediation). Finally, MeDi favorably moderated the associations between Aβ42/40 ratio, pTau181 and mediotemporal atrophy. Results were consistent correcting for ApoE-ε4 status. CONCLUSION Our findings corroborate the view of MeDi as a protective factor against memory decline and mediotemporal atrophy. Importantly, they suggest that these associations might be explained by a decrease of amyloidosis and tau-pathology. Longitudinal and dietary intervention studies should further examine this conjecture and its treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Ballarini
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio: San Antonio, TX, US
| | - Julia Brunner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina Schröder
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-LynenStrasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-AugustUniversity Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Duzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-MaximiliansUniversity, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Hauser
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline Danielle Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock
| | - Ruth Vukovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Amaefule CO, Dyrba M, Wolfsgruber S, Polcher A, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Spottke A, Meiberth D, Preis L, Peters O, Incesoy EI, Spruth EJ, Priller J, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Wiltfang J, Janowitz D, Bürger K, Laske C, Munk M, Rudolph J, Glanz W, Dobisch L, Haynes JD, Dechent P, Ertl-Wagner B, Scheffler K, Kilimann I, Düzel E, Metzger CD, Wagner M, Jessen F, Teipel SJ. Association between composite scores of domain-specific cognitive functions and regional patterns of atrophy and functional connectivity in the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 29:102533. [PMID: 33360018 PMCID: PMC7770965 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Composite scores provide reliable metrics of domain function in multicenter cohort. Visuo-spatial domain composite scores relate to anatomic changes in AD spectrum. Domain scores relate to network-specific resting-state connectivity in AD spectrum.
Background Cognitive decline has been found to be associated with gray matter atrophy and disruption of functional neural networks in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in structural and functional imaging (fMRI) studies. Most previous studies have used single test scores of cognitive performance among monocentric cohorts. However, cognitive domain composite scores could be more reliable than single test scores due to the reduction of measurement error. Adopting a multicentric resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and cognitive domain approach, we provide a comprehensive description of the structural and functional correlates of the key cognitive domains of AD. Method We analyzed MRI, rs-fMRI and cognitive domain score data of 490 participants from an interim baseline release of the multicenter DELCODE study cohort, including 54 people with AD, 86 with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), 175 with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), and 175 Healthy Controls (HC) in the AD-spectrum. Resulting cognitive domain composite scores (executive, visuo-spatial, memory, working memory and language) from the DELCODE neuropsychological battery (DELCODE-NP), were previously derived using confirmatory factor analysis. Statistical analyses examined the differences between diagnostic groups, and the association of composite scores with regional atrophy and network-specific functional connectivity among the patient subgroup of SCD, MCI and AD. Result Cognitive performance, atrophy patterns and functional connectivity significantly differed between diagnostic groups in the AD-spectrum. Regional gray matter atrophy was positively associated with visuospatial and other cognitive impairments among the patient subgroup in the AD-spectrum. Except for the visual network, patterns of network-specific resting-state functional connectivity were positively associated with distinct cognitive impairments among the patient subgroup in the AD-spectrum. Conclusion Consistent associations between cognitive domain scores and both regional atrophy and network-specific functional connectivity (except for the visual network), support the utility of a multicentric and cognitive domain approach towards explicating the relationship between imaging markers and cognition in the AD-spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dix Meiberth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Bürger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Munk
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Janna Rudolph
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John D Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Ziegler G, Heinzinger N, Metzger CD, Yakupov R, Bittner D, Glanz W, Spottke A, Brosseron F, Bürger K, Fließbach K, Heneka MT, Laske C, Nestor PJ, Peters O, Priller J, Ramirez A, Schneider A, Speck O, Teipel SJ, Wiltfang J, Wagner M, Düzel E, Jessen F. Hippocampal volumetric variability is associated with memory in subjective cognitive decline. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.043527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Nils Heinzinger
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research Magdeburg Germany
| | | | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | | | | | - Annika Spottke
- Clinic for Neurology University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Katharina Bürger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | | | | | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Charité Berlin & Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Faculty University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Stefan J. Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) Goettingen Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Uniklinik Köln Köln Germany
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46
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Herdick M, Dyrba M, Fritz HCJ, Altenstein S, Ballarini T, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Can Cetindag A, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Duezel E, Ertl-Wagner B, Fliessbach K, Dawn Freiesleben S, Frommann I, Glanz W, Dylan Haynes J, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Metzger CD, Munk MH, Peters O, Priller J, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Jakob Spruth E, Tscheuschler M, Vukovich R, Wiltfang J, Jessen F, Teipel S, Grothe MJ. Multimodal MRI analysis of basal forebrain structure and function across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102495. [PMID: 33395986 PMCID: PMC7689403 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of the cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) is associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multimodal MRI allows for the investigation of cBF changes in-vivo. In this study we assessed alterations in cBF functional connectivity (FC), mean diffusivity (MD), and volume across the spectrum of AD. We further assessed effects of amyloid pathology on these changes. METHODS Participants included healthy controls, and subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or AD dementia (ADD) from the multicenter DELCODE study. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and structural MRI data was available for 477 subjects, and a subset of 243 subjects also had DTI data available. Differences between diagnostic groups were investigated using seed-based FC, volumetric, and MD analyses of functionally defined anterior (a-cBF) and posterior (p-cBF) subdivisions of a cytoarchitectonic cBF region-of-interest. In complementary analyses groups were stratified according to amyloid status based on CSF Aβ42/40 biomarker data, which was available in a subset of participants. RESULTS a-cBF and p-cBF subdivisions showed regional FC profiles that were highly consistent with previously reported patterns, but there were only minimal differences between diagnostic groups. Compared to controls, cBF volumes and MD were significantly different in MCI and ADD but not in SCD. The Aβ42/40 stratified analyses largely matched these results. CONCLUSIONS We reproduced subregion-specific FC profiles of the cBF in a clinical sample spanning the AD spectrum. At least in this multicentric cohort study, cBF-FC did not show marked changes along the AD spectrum, and multimodal MRI did not provide more sensitive measures of AD-related cBF changes compared to volumetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Herdick
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian J Fritz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Arda Can Cetindag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Tscheuschler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Vukovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931Köln, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Michel J Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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Sannemann L, Schild AK, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Cosma NC, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Glanz W, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kobeleva X, Laske C, Metzger CD, Munk MHJ, Perneczky R, Peters O, Polcher A, Priller J, Rauchmann B, Rösch C, Rudolph J, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Vukovich R, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Duezel E, Jessen F. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in at-risk groups for AD dementia and their association with worry and AD biomarkers-results from the DELCODE study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:131. [PMID: 33066827 PMCID: PMC7566134 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of individuals at risk of dementia is mandatory to implement prevention strategies and design clinical trials that target early disease stages. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) have been proposed as potential markers for early manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate the frequency of NPS in SCD, in other at-risk groups, in healthy controls (CO), and in AD patients, and to test the association of NPS with AD biomarkers, with a particular focus on cognitively unimpaired participants with or without SCD-related worries. METHODS We analyzed data of n = 687 participants from the German DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (DELCODE) study, including the diagnostic groups SCD (n = 242), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 115), AD (n = 77), CO (n = 209), and first-degree relatives of AD patients (REL, n = 44). The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI-SF) were used to assess NPS. We examined differences of NPS frequency between diagnostic groups. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to further investigate the relationship between NPS and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, focusing on a subsample of cognitively unimpaired participants (SCD, REL, and CO), who were further differentiated based on reported worries. RESULTS The numbers of reported NPS, depression scores, and anxiety scores were significantly higher in subjects with SCD compared to CO. The quantity of reported NPS in subjects with SCD was lower compared to the MCI and AD group. In cognitively unimpaired subjects with worries, low Aß42 was associated with higher rates of reporting two or more NPS (OR 0.998, 95% CI 0.996-1.000, p < .05). CONCLUSION These findings give insight into the prevalence of NPS in different diagnostic groups, including SCD and healthy controls. NPS based on informant report seem to be associated with underlying AD pathology in cognitively unimpaired participants who worry about cognitive decline. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00007966 . Registered 4 May 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sannemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ann-Katrin Schild
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Carmen Cosma
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xenia Kobeleva
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H J Munk
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Polcher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Rösch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janna Rudolph
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ruth Vukovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Köln, Germany
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48
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Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Guski J, Polcher A, Frommann I, Roeske S, Spruth EJ, Franke C, Priller J, Kilimann I, Teipel S, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Laske C, Buchmann M, Peters O, Menne F, Fuentes Casan M, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Düzel E, Metzger C, Glanz W, Thelen M, Spottke A, Ramirez A, Kofler B, Fließbach K, Schneider A, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Meiberth D, Jessen F, Wagner M. Minor neuropsychological deficits in patients with subjective cognitive decline. Neurology 2020; 95:e1134-e1143. [PMID: 32636322 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the nature and extent of minor neuropsychological deficits in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and their association with CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD). METHOD We analyzed data from n = 449 cognitively normal participants (n = 209 healthy controls, n = 240 patients with SCD) from an interim data release of the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). An extensive neuropsychological test battery was applied at baseline for which we established a latent, 5 cognitive domain factor structure comprising learning and memory, executive functions, language abilities, working memory, and visuospatial functions. We compared groups in terms of global and domain-specific performance and correlated performance with different CSF markers of AD pathology. RESULTS We observed worse performance (Cohen d = ≈0.25-0.5, adjusted for age, sex differences with analysis of covariance) in global performance, memory, executive functions, and language abilities for the SCD group compared to healthy controls. In addition, worse performance in these domains was moderately (r = ≈0.3) associated with lower CSF β-amyloid42/40 and CSF β-amyloid42/phosphorylated tau181 in the whole sample and specifically in the SCD subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Within the spectrum of clinically unimpaired (i.e., before mild cognitive impairment) cognitive performance, SCD is associated with minor deficits in memory, executive function, and language abilities. The association of these subtle cognitive deficits with AD CSF biomarkers speaks to their validity and potential use for the early detection of underlying preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Wolfsgruber
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany.
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jannis Guski
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Polcher
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiana Franke
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Buchmann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Menne
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Fuentes Casan
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuela Thelen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Kofler
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Dix Meiberth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
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Wesselman LMP, van Lent DM, Schröder A, van de Rest O, Peters O, Menne F, Fuentes M, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fließbach K, Roeske S, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Spottke A, Pross V, Wiltfang J, Vukovich R, Schild AK, Düzel E, Metzger CD, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Perneczky R, Tatò M, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Laske C, Buchmann M, Ramirez A, Sikkes SAM, Jessen F, van der Flier WM, Wagner M. Dietary patterns are related to cognitive functioning in elderly enriched with individuals at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:849-860. [PMID: 32472387 PMCID: PMC7900077 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns and cognitive functioning in elderly free of dementia. Methods Data of 389 participants from the German DELCODE study (52% female, 69 ± 6 years, mean Mini Mental State Score 29 ± 1) were included. The sample was enriched with elderly at increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by including participants with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and siblings of AD patients. Mediterranean and MIND diets were derived from 148 Food Frequency Questionnaire items, and data-driven patterns by principal component analysis (PCA) of 39 food groups. Associations between dietary patterns and five cognitive domain scores were analyzed with linear regression analyses adjusted for demographics (model 1), and additionally for energy intake, BMI, other lifestyle variables and APOe4-status (model 2). For PCA-derived dietary components, final model 3 included all other dietary components. Results In fully adjusted models, adherence to Mediterranean and MIND diet was associated with better memory. The ‘alcoholic beverages’ PCA component was positively associated with most cognitive domains. Exclusion of MCI subjects (n = 60) revealed that Mediterranean and MIND diet were also related to language functions; associations with the alcoholic beverages component were attenuated, but most remained significant. Conclusion In line with data from elderly population samples, Mediterranean and MIND diet and some data-derived dietary patterns were related to memory and language function. Longitudinal data are needed to draw conclusions on the putative effect of nutrition on the rate of cognitive decline, and on the potential of dietary interventions in groups at increased risk for AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02257-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. P. Wesselman
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. Melo van Lent
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health, San Antonio, TX USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA
| | - A. Schröder
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - O. van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - O. Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Menne
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Fuentes
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. J. Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Altenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Fließbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - L. Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - V. Pross
- Study Center Bonn, Medical Faculty, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen , Germany
| | - R. Vukovich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen , Germany
| | - A. K. Schild
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - E. Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - C. D. Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - W. Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K. Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - D. Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - R. Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Tatò
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - S. Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - I. Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - C. Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Buchmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A. Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - S. A. M. Sikkes
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Developmental Psychology and Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences (FGB), Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - W. M. van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Bainbridge WA, Berron D, Schütze H, Cardenas-Blanco A, Metzger C, Dobisch L, Bittner D, Glanz W, Spottke A, Rudolph J, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Fliessbach K, Heneka M, Laske C, Buchmann M, Peters O, Diesing D, Li S, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Kofler B, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Wolfsgruber S, Wagner M, Jessen F, Baker CI, Düzel E. Memorability of photographs in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: Implications for cognitive assessment. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2019; 11:610-618. [PMID: 31517023 PMCID: PMC6732671 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired long-term memory is a defining feature of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We tested whether this impairment is item specific, limited to some memoranda, whereas some remain consistently memorable. METHODS We conducted item-based analyses of long-term visual recognition memory. Three hundred ninety-four participants (healthy controls, subjective cognitive decline [SCD], and MCI) in the multicentric DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) were tested with images from a pool of 835 photographs. RESULTS We observed consistent memorability for images in healthy controls, SCD, and MCI, predictable by a neural network trained on another healthy sample. Looking at memorability differences between groups, we identified images that could successfully categorize group membership with higher success and a substantial image reduction than the original image set. DISCUSSION Individuals with SCD and MCI show consistent memorability for specific items, while other items show significant diagnosticity. Certain stimulus features could optimize diagnostic assessment, while others could support memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma A. Bainbridge
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Berron
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arturo Cardenas-Blanco
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Bittner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinic for Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janna Rudolph
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Clinic for Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Buchmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Diesing
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siyao Li
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chris I. Baker
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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