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Liebscher M, Dell’Orco A, Doll-Lee J, Buerger K, Dechent P, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Glanz W, Hetzer S, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Lüsebrink F, Munk M, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rauchmann B, Rostamzadeh A, Roy-Kluth N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth E, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Jessen F, Düzel E, Wagner M, Röske S, Wirth M. Short communication: Lifetime musical activity and resting-state functional connectivity in cognitive networks. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299939. [PMID: 38696395 PMCID: PMC11065262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in multimodal leisure activities, such as playing a musical instrument, may be protective against brain aging and dementia in older adults (OA). Potential neuroprotective correlates underlying musical activity remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study investigated the association between lifetime musical activity and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in three higher-order brain networks: the Default Mode, Fronto-Parietal, and Salience networks. METHODS We assessed 130 cognitively unimpaired participants (≥ 60 years) from the baseline cohort of the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) study. Lifetime musical activity was operationalized by the self-reported participation in musical instrument playing across early, middle, and late life stages using the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ). Participants who reported musical activity during all life stages (n = 65) were compared to controls who were matched on demographic and reserve characteristics (including education, intelligence, socioeconomic status, self-reported physical activity, age, and sex) and never played a musical instrument (n = 65) in local (seed-to-voxel) and global (within-network and between-network) RSFC patterns using pre-specified network seeds. RESULTS Older participants with lifetime musical activity showed significantly higher local RSFC between the medial prefrontal cortex (Default Mode Network seed) and temporal as well as frontal regions, namely the right temporal pole and the right precentral gyrus extending into the superior frontal gyrus, compared to matched controls. There were no significant group differences in global RSFC within or between the three networks. CONCLUSION We show that playing a musical instrument during life relates to higher RSFC of the medial prefrontal cortex with distant brain regions involved in higher-order cognitive and motor processes. Preserved or enhanced functional connectivity could potentially contribute to better brain health and resilience in OA with a history in musical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00007966, 04/05/2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxie Liebscher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Dell’Orco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Doll-Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, MR-Research in Neurosciences, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falk Lüsebrink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy-Kluth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn H. Schott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Röske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Miranka Wirth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
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Baumeister H, Vogel JW, Insel PS, Kleineidam L, Wolfsgruber S, Stark M, Gellersen HM, Yakupov R, Schmid MC, Lüsebrink F, Brosseron F, Ziegler G, Freiesleben SD, Preis L, Schneider LS, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Fliessbach K, Vogt IR, Bartels C, Schott BH, Rostamzadeh A, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Janowitz D, Rauchmann BS, Kilimann I, Goerss D, Munk MH, Hetzer S, Dechent P, Ewers M, Scheffler K, Wuestefeld A, Strandberg O, van Westen D, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Palmqvist S, Spottke A, Laske C, Teipel S, Perneczky R, Buerger K, Schneider A, Priller J, Peters O, Ramirez A, Wiltfang J, Heneka MT, Wagner M, Düzel E, Jessen F, Hansson O, Berron D. A generalizable data-driven model of atrophy heterogeneity and progression in memory clinic settings. Brain 2024:awae118. [PMID: 38654513 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory clinic patients are a heterogeneous population representing various aetiologies of pathological aging. It is unknown if divergent spatiotemporal progression patterns of brain atrophy, as previously described in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, are prevalent and clinically meaningful in this group of older adults. To uncover distinct atrophy subtypes, we applied the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm to baseline structural MRI data from 813 participants enrolled in the DELCODE cohort (mean ± SD age = 70.67 ± 6.07 years, 52% females). Participants were cognitively unimpaired (CU; n = 285) or fulfilled diagnostic criteria for subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 342), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 118), or dementia of the Alzheimer's type (n = 68). Atrophy subtypes were compared in baseline demographics, fluid AD biomarker levels, the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC-5), as well as episodic memory and executive functioning. PACC-5 trajectories over up to 240 weeks were examined. To test if baseline atrophy subtype and stage predicted clinical trajectories before manifest cognitive impairment, we analysed PACC-5 trajectories and MCI conversion rates of CU and SCD participants. Limbic-predominant and hippocampal-sparing atrophy subtypes were identified. Limbic-predominant atrophy first affected the medial temporal lobes, followed by further temporal and, finally, the remaining cortical regions. At baseline, this subtype was related to older age, more pathological AD biomarker levels, APOE ε4 carriership, and an amnestic cognitive impairment. Hippocampal-sparing atrophy initially occurred outside the temporal lobe with the medial temporal lobe spared up to advanced atrophy stages. This atrophy pattern also affected individuals with positive AD biomarkers and was associated with more generalised cognitive impairment. Limbic-predominant atrophy, in all and in only unimpaired participants, was linked to more negative longitudinal PACC-5 slopes than observed in participants without or with hippocampal-sparing atrophy and increased the risk of MCI conversion. SuStaIn modelling was repeated in a sample from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 cohort. Highly similar atrophy progression patterns and associated cognitive profiles were identified. Cross-cohort model generalizability, both on the subject and group level, were excellent, indicating reliable performance in previously unseen data. The proposed model is a promising tool for capturing heterogeneity among older adults at early at-risk states for AD in applied settings. The implementation of atrophy subtype- and stage-specific end-points may increase the statistical power of pharmacological trials targeting early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Baumeister
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Philip S Insel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melina Stark
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helena M Gellersen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias C Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Falk Lüsebrink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Silka D Freiesleben
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa-Sophie Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ina R Vogt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 18147, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 18147, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anika Wuestefeld
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Diagnostic Radiology, Institution of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 211 84, Lund, Sweden
- Image and Function, Skåne University Hospital, 211 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 211 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 18147, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, EH16 4SB, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 78229, San Antonio, TX, US
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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3
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Deike K, Decker A, Scheyhing P, Harten J, Zimmermann N, Paech D, Peters O, Freiesleben SD, Schneider LS, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth E, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Fliessbach K, Kimmich O, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Hansen N, Jessen F, Rostamzadeh A, Düzel E, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Goerss D, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Wagner M, Roeske S, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Ramirez A, Dobisch L, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Yakupov R, Stark M, Schmid MC, Berger M, Hetzer S, Dechent P, Scheffler K, Petzold GC, Schneider A, Effland A, Radbruch A. Machine Learning-Based Perivascular Space Volumetry in Alzheimer Disease. Invest Radiol 2024:00004424-990000000-00211. [PMID: 38652067 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impaired perivascular clearance has been suggested as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it remains unresolved when the anatomy of the perivascular space (PVS) is altered during AD progression. Therefore, this study investigates the association between PVS volume and AD progression in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, both with and without subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and in those clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A convolutional neural network was trained using manually corrected, filter-based segmentations (n = 1000) to automatically segment the PVS in the centrum semiovale from interpolated, coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans (n = 894). These scans were sourced from the national German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study. Convolutional neural network-based segmentations and those performed by a human rater were compared in terms of segmentation volume, identified PVS clusters, as well as Dice score. The comparison revealed good segmentation quality (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.70 with P < 0.0001 for PVS volume, detection rate in cluster analysis = 84.3%, and Dice score = 59.0%). Subsequent multivariate linear regression analysis, adjusted for participants' age, was performed to correlate PVS volume with clinical diagnoses, disease progression, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, lifestyle factors, and cognitive function. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Comprehensive Neuropsychological Test Battery, and the Cognitive Subscale of the 13-Item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale. RESULTS Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, revealed that participants with AD and MCI, but not those with SCD, had significantly higher PVS volumes compared with CU participants without SCD (P = 0.001 for each group). Furthermore, CU participants who developed incident MCI within 4.5 years after the baseline assessment showed significantly higher PVS volumes at baseline compared with those who did not progress to MCI (P = 0.03). Cognitive function was negatively correlated with PVS volume across all participant groups (P ≤ 0.005 for each). No significant correlation was found between PVS volume and any of the following parameters: cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, sleep quality, body mass index, nicotine consumption, or alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS The very early changes of PVS volume may suggest that alterations in PVS function are involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Overall, the volumetric assessment of centrum semiovale PVS represents a very early imaging biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Deike
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A.D., K.F., O.K., F.J., Annika Spottke, N.R., M.W., S.R., M.T.H., F.B., Alfredo Ramirez, S.W., L.K., M.S., M.C.S., G.C.P., Anja Schneider, Alexander Radbruch); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany (K.D., P.S., D.P., Alexander Radbruch); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (J.H., N.Z., K.F., M.W., Alfredo Ramirez, S.W., L.K., Anja Schneider); Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (D.P.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany (O.P., S.D.F., J.P., E.S., S.A.); Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (O.P., S.D.F., L.-S.S., L.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany (J.P., E.S., S.A., A.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany (J.P.); University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.P.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany (J.W.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany (J.W., C.B., N.H.); Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal (J.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (F.J., Ayda Rostamzadeh); Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (F.J., Alfredo Ramirez); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany (E.D., W.G., E.I.I., Michaela Butryn, L.D., R.Y.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany (E.D., W.G., E.I.I., Michaela Butryn); Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (E.I.I.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany (K.B., M.E., R.P.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Germany (K.B., D.J., M.E.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Germany (R.P., B.-S.R.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (R.P.); Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.P.); Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.P., B.-S.R.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany (B.-S.R.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany (S.T., I.K., D.G.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany (S.T., I.K., D.G.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany (C.L., M.H.M.); Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany (C.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen Germany (M.H.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Annika Spottke); Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany (Alfredo Ramirez); Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX (Alfredo Ramirez); Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.C.S., Moritz Berger); Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Göttingen, Germany (P.D.); Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.S.); Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (G.C.P.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.E.)
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4
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Ruiz-Rizzo AL, Finke K, Damoiseaux JS, Bartels C, Buerger K, Cosma NC, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Glanz W, Goerss D, Hetzer S, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, van Lent DM, Munk MHJ, Peters O, Priller J, Ramirez A, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Yakupov R, Jessen F, Duezel E, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS. Fornix fractional anisotropy mediates the association between Mediterranean diet adherence and memory four years later in older adults without dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 136:99-110. [PMID: 38340637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Here, we investigated whether fractional anisotropy (FA) of hippocampus-relevant white-matter tracts mediates the association between baseline Mediterranean diet adherence (MeDiAd) and verbal episodic memory over four years. Participants were healthy older adults with and without subjective cognitive decline and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment from the DELCODE cohort study (n = 376; age: 71.47 ± 6.09 years; 48.7 % female). MeDiAd and diffusion data were obtained at baseline. Verbal episodic memory was assessed at baseline and four yearly follow-ups. The associations between baseline MeDiAd and white matter, and verbal episodic memory's mean and rate of change over four years were tested with latent growth curve modeling. Baseline MeDiAd was associated with verbal episodic memory four years later (95 % confidence interval, CI [0.01, 0.32]) but not with its rate of change over this period. Baseline Fornix FA mediated - and, thus, explained - that association (95 % CI [0.002, 0.09]). Fornix FA may be an appropriate response biomarker of Mediterranean diet interventions on verbal memory in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L Ruiz-Rizzo
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology Unit, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Finke
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology Unit, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica S Damoiseaux
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Carmen Cosma
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Matthias H J Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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5
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Blömeke L, Rehn F, Kraemer‐Schulien V, Kutzsche J, Pils M, Bujnicki T, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Freiesleben SD, Schneider L, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Hansen N, Rostamzadeh A, Düzel E, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann B, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Goerss D, Laske C, Munk MH, Sanzenbacher C, Spottke A, Roy‐Kluth N, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Wagner M, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Stark M, Schmid M, Jessen F, Bannach O, Willbold D, Peters O. Aβ oligomers peak in early stages of Alzheimer's disease preceding tau pathology. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2024; 16:e12589. [PMID: 38666085 PMCID: PMC11044868 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soluble amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers have been suggested as initiating Aβ related neuropathologic change in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but their quantitative distribution and chronological sequence within the AD continuum remain unclear. METHODS A total of 526 participants in early clinical stages of AD and controls from a longitudinal cohort were neurobiologically classified for amyloid and tau pathology applying the AT(N) system. Aβ and tau oligomers in the quantified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured using surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) technology. RESULTS Across groups, highest Aβ oligomer levels were found in A+ with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. Aβ oligomers were significantly higher in A+T- compared to A-T- and A+T+. APOE ε4 allele carriers showed significantly higher Aβ oligomer levels. No differences in tau oligomers were detected. DISCUSSION The accumulation of Aβ oligomers in the CSF peaks early within the AD continuum, preceding tau pathology. Disease-modifying treatments targeting Aβ oligomers might have the highest therapeutic effect in these disease stages. Highlights Using surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) technology, we quantified Aβ oligomers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (DELCODE) cohortAβ oligomers were significantly elevated in mild cognitive impairment (MCI)Amyloid-positive subjects in the subjective cognitive decline (SCD) group increased compared to the amyloid-negative control groupInterestingly, levels of Aβ oligomers decrease at advanced stages of the disease (A+T+), which might be explained by altered clearing mechanisms.
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6
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Hayek D, Ziegler G, Kleineidam L, Brosseron F, Nemali A, Vockert N, Ravichandran KA, Betts MJ, Peters O, Schneider LS, Wang X, Priller J, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Rostamzadeh A, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Laske C, Mengel D, Synofzik M, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Roeske S, Kuhn E, Ramirez A, Dobisch L, Schmid M, Berger M, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Hetzer S, Dechent P, Ewers M, Scheffler K, Schott BH, Schreiber S, Orellana A, de Rojas I, Marquié M, Boada M, Sotolongo O, González PG, Puerta R, Düzel E, Jessen F, Wagner M, Ruiz A, Heneka MT, Maass A. Different inflammatory signatures based on CSF biomarkers relate to preserved or diminished brain structure and cognition. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-023-02387-3. [PMID: 38216727 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and both positive and negative associations of individual inflammation-related markers with brain structure and cognitive function have been described. We aimed to identify inflammatory signatures of CSF immune-related markers that relate to changes of brain structure and cognition across the clinical spectrum ranging from normal aging to AD. A panel of 16 inflammatory markers, Aβ42/40 and p-tau181 were measured in CSF at baseline in the DZNE DELCODE cohort (n = 295); a longitudinal observational study focusing on at-risk stages of AD. Volumetric maps of gray and white matter (GM/WM; n = 261) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs, n = 249) were derived from baseline MRIs. Cognitive decline (n = 204) and the rate of change in GM volume was measured in subjects with at least 3 visits (n = 175). A principal component analysis on the CSF markers revealed four inflammatory components (PCs). Of these, the first component PC1 (highly loading on sTyro3, sAXL, sTREM2, YKL-40, and C1q) was associated with older age and higher p-tau levels, but with less pathological Aβ when controlling for p-tau. PC2 (highly loading on CRP, IL-18, complement factor F/H and C4) was related to male gender, higher body mass index and greater vascular risk. PC1 levels, adjusted for AD markers, were related to higher GM and WM volumes, less WMHs, better baseline memory, and to slower atrophy rates in AD-related areas and less cognitive decline. In contrast, PC2 related to less GM and WM volumes and worse memory at baseline. Similar inflammatory signatures and associations were identified in the independent F.ACE cohort. Our data suggest that there are beneficial and detrimental signatures of inflammatory CSF biomarkers. While higher levels of TAM receptors (sTyro/sAXL) or sTREM2 might reflect a protective glia response to degeneration related to phagocytic clearance, other markers might rather reflect proinflammatory states that have detrimental impact on brain integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Hayek
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aditya Nemali
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Vockert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Kishore A Ravichandran
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthew J Betts
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa-Sophie Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Mengel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Kuhn
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Köln, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Sotolongo
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Augustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur- Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, North Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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7
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Stark M, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Frommann I, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Burow L, Butryn M, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Gabelin T, Glanz W, Goerss D, Gref D, Hansen N, Heneka MT, Hinderer P, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kimmich O, Laske C, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rauchmann BS, Rostamzadeh A, Roy-Kluth N, Sanzenbacher C, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Vogt IR, Wiltfang J, Duzel E, Jessen F, Wagner M. Relevance of Minor Neuropsychological Deficits in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline. Neurology 2023; 101:e2185-e2196. [PMID: 37821235 PMCID: PMC10663030 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the relevance of minor neuropsychological deficits (MNPD) in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) with regard to CSF levels of Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers, cognitive decline, and clinical progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS This study included patients with clinical SCD and SCD-free, healthy control (HC) participants with available baseline CSF and/or longitudinal cognitive data from the observational DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia study. We defined MNPD as a performance of at least 0.5SD below the mean on a demographically adjusted total score derived from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological assessment battery. We compared SCD patients with MNPD and those without MNPD with regard to CSF amyloid-β (Aβ)42/Aβ40, phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), total tau and Aβ42/p-tau181 levels, longitudinal cognitive composite trajectories, and risk of clinical progression to incident MCI (follow-up M ± SD: 40.6 ± 23.7 months). In addition, we explored group differences between SCD and HC in those without MNPD. RESULTS In our sample (N = 672, mean age: 70.7 ± 5.9 years, 50% female), SCD patients with MNPD (n = 55, 12.5% of SCD group) showed significantly more abnormal CSF biomarker levels, increased cognitive decline, and a higher risk of progression to incident MCI (HR: 4.07, 95% CI 2.46-6.74) compared with SCD patients without MNPD (n = 384). MNPD had a positive predictive value of 57.0% (95% CI 38.5-75.4) and a negative predictive value of 86.0% (95% CI 81.9-90.1) for the progression of SCD to MCI within 3 years. SCD patients without MNPD showed increased cognitive decline and a higher risk of incident MCI compared with HC participants without MNPD (n = 215; HR: 4.09, 95% CI 2.07-8.09), while AD biomarker levels did not differ significantly between these groups. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that MNPD are a risk factor for AD-related clinical progression in cognitively normal patients seeking medical counseling because of SCD. As such, the assessment of MNPD could be useful for individual clinical prediction and for AD risk stratification in clinical trials. However, SCD remains a risk factor for future cognitive decline even in the absence of MNPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Stark
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany.
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gabelin
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Hinderer
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Okka Kimmich
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy-Kluth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Sanzenbacher
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina R Vogt
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Duzel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
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8
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Waschkies KF, Soch J, Darna M, Richter A, Altenstein S, Beyle A, Brosseron F, Buchholz F, Butryn M, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Gabelin T, Glanz W, Goerss D, Gref D, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Lohse A, Munk MH, Rauchmann BS, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Spruth EJ, Dechent P, Heneka MT, Hetzer S, Ramirez A, Scheffler K, Buerger K, Laske C, Perneczky R, Peters O, Priller J, Schneider A, Spottke A, Teipel S, Düzel E, Jessen F, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Kizilirmak JM. Machine learning-based classification of Alzheimer's disease and its at-risk states using personality traits, anxiety, and depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6007. [PMID: 37800601 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often preceded by stages of cognitive impairment, namely subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). While cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are established predictors of AD, other non-invasive candidate predictors include personality traits, anxiety, and depression, among others. These predictors offer non-invasive assessment and exhibit changes during AD development and preclinical stages. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, we comparatively evaluated the predictive value of personality traits (Big Five), geriatric anxiety and depression scores, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging activity of the default mode network, apoliprotein E (ApoE) genotype, and CSF biomarkers (tTau, pTau181, Aβ42/40 ratio) in a multi-class support vector machine classification. Participants included 189 healthy controls (HC), 338 individuals with SCD, 132 with amnestic MCI, and 74 with mild AD from the multicenter DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). RESULTS Mean predictive accuracy across all participant groups was highest when utilizing a combination of personality, depression, and anxiety scores. HC were best predicted by a feature set comprised of depression and anxiety scores and participants with AD were best predicted by a feature set containing CSF biomarkers. Classification of participants with SCD or aMCI was near chance level for all assessed feature sets. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate predictive value of personality trait and state scores for AD. Importantly, CSF biomarkers, personality, depression, anxiety, and ApoE genotype show complementary value for classification of AD and its at-risk stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad F Waschkies
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joram Soch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarita Darna
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anni Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Munich, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aline Beyle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Buchholz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gabelin
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin M Kizilirmak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Neurodidactics and NeuroLab, Institute for Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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9
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Teipel SJ, Dyrba M, Levin F, Altenstein S, Berger M, Beyle A, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Burow L, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Glanz W, Goerss D, Gref D, Hansen N, Heneka MT, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Keles D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Lohse A, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Schmid M, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Wiltfang J, Düzel E, Jessen F, Kleineidam L, Wagner M. Cognitive Trajectories in Preclinical and Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease Related to Amyloid Status and Brain Atrophy: A Bayesian Approach. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1055-1076. [PMID: 37849637 PMCID: PMC10578328 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive decline is a key outcome of clinical studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective To determine effects of global amyloid load as well as hippocampus and basal forebrain volumes on longitudinal rates and practice effects from repeated testing of domain specific cognitive change in the AD spectrum, considering non-linear effects and heterogeneity across cohorts. Methods We included 1,514 cases from three cohorts, ADNI, AIBL, and DELCODE, spanning the range from cognitively normal people to people with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We used generalized Bayesian mixed effects analysis of linear and polynomial models of amyloid and volume effects in time. Robustness of effects across cohorts was determined using Bayesian random effects meta-analysis. Results We found a consistent effect of amyloid and hippocampus volume, but not of basal forebrain volume, on rates of memory change across the three cohorts in the meta-analysis. Effects for amyloid and volumetric markers on executive function were more heterogeneous. We found practice effects in memory and executive performance in amyloid negative cognitively normal controls and MCI cases, but only to a smaller degree in amyloid positive controls and not at all in amyloid positive MCI cases. Conclusions We found heterogeneity between cohorts, particularly in effects on executive functions. Initial increases in cognitive performance in amyloid negative, but not in amyloid positive MCI cases and controls may reflect practice effects from repeated testing that are lost with higher levels of cerebral amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Fedor Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aline Beyle
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Enise I. Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany pGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Deniz Keles
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of T¨ubingen, T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias H. Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of T¨ubingen, T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anja Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
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Rahman-Filipiak A, Bolton C, Grill JD, Rostamzadeh A, Chin N, Heidebrink J, Getz S, Fowler NR, Rosen A, Lingler J, Wijsman E, Clark L. Biomarker disclosure protocols in prodromal Alzheimer's disease clinical trials. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4270-4275. [PMID: 37450489 PMCID: PMC10530125 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has allowed researchers to increase sample homogeneity and test candidate treatments earlier in the disease. The integration of biomarker "screening" criteria should be met with a parallel implementation of standardized methods to disclose biomarker testing results to research participants; however, the extent to which protocolized disclosure occurs in trials is unknown. METHODS We reviewed the literature to identify prodromal AD trials published in the past 10 years. From these, we quantified the frequency of biomarker disclosure reporting and the depth of descriptions provided. RESULTS Of 30 published trials using positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid-based amyloid positivity as an eligibility criterion, only one mentioned disclosure, with no details on methods. DISCUSSION Possible reasons for and implications of this information gap are discussed. Recommendations are provided for trialists considering biomarker screening as part of intervention trials focused on prodromal AD. HIGHLIGHTS Few prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) trial papers discuss biomarker disclosure. Disclosure has implications for participants, family members, and trial success. Disclosure must be consistently integrated and reported in prodromal AD trials. Best practice guidelines and training resources for disclosure are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise Rahman-Filipiak
- Research Program on Cognition & Neuromodulation Based Interventions, University of Michigan, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C., Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48105
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Michigan, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C., Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48105
| | - Corey Bolton
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave. S, Suite 204, Nashville, TN, USA 37212
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1301 Medical Center Dr. #3930, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Joshua D. Grill
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, 2642 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, USA 92697-4545
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Memory Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Chin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, 600 Highland Ave J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI, USA 53792
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics & Gerontology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA 53726
| | - Judith Heidebrink
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Michigan, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C., Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48105
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr # 1914, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Sarah Getz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1150 NW 14 St Ste 609, Miami, FL, USA 33136
| | - Nicole R. Fowler
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Fairbanks Hall, Suite 6200, Indianapolis, IN, USA 46202-3082
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, USA 46202
| | - Allyson Rosen
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3801 Miranda Avenue. Palo Alto, CA, USA 94304-1207
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA 94305
| | - Jennifer Lingler
- Department of Health and Community Systems, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, 3500 Victoria Street, 415 Victoria Building, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15261
- University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, UPMC Montefiore, 4th floor, Suite 421, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Ellen Wijsman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building, K253, Box 357720, Seattle, WA, USA 98195-7720
| | - Lindsay Clark
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics & Gerontology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI, USA 53705-2281
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI, USA 53705
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11
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Bernal J, Schreiber S, Menze I, Ostendorf A, Pfister M, Geisendörfer J, Nemali A, Maass A, Yakupov R, Peters O, Preis L, Schneider L, Herrera AL, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Rostamzadeh A, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Dobisch L, Dechent P, Scheffler K, Hetzer S, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Schmid M, Berger M, Jessen F, Wirth M, Düzel E, Ziegler G. Arterial hypertension and β-amyloid accumulation have spatially overlapping effects on posterior white matter hyperintensity volume: a cross-sectional study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:97. [PMID: 37226207 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH) in subjects across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum with minimal vascular pathology suggests that amyloid pathology-not just arterial hypertension-impacts WMH, which in turn adversely influences cognition. Here we seek to determine the effect of both hypertension and Aβ positivity on WMH, and their impact on cognition. METHODS We analysed data from subjects with a low vascular profile and normal cognition (NC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) enrolled in the ongoing observational multicentre DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (n = 375, median age 70.0 [IQR 66.0, 74.4] years; 178 female; NC/SCD/MCI 127/162/86). All subjects underwent a rich neuropsychological assessment. We focused on baseline memory and executive function-derived from multiple neuropsychological tests using confirmatory factor analysis-, baseline preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite 5 (PACC5) scores, and changes in PACC5 scores over the course of three years (ΔPACC5). RESULTS Subjects with hypertension or Aβ positivity presented the largest WMH volumes (pFDR < 0.05), with spatial overlap in the frontal (hypertension: 0.42 ± 0.17; Aβ: 0.46 ± 0.18), occipital (hypertension: 0.50 ± 0.16; Aβ: 0.50 ± 0.16), parietal lobes (hypertension: 0.57 ± 0.18; Aβ: 0.56 ± 0.20), corona radiata (hypertension: 0.45 ± 0.17; Aβ: 0.40 ± 0.13), optic radiation (hypertension: 0.39 ± 0.18; Aβ: 0.74 ± 0.19), and splenium of the corpus callosum (hypertension: 0.36 ± 0.12; Aβ: 0.28 ± 0.12). Elevated global and regional WMH volumes coincided with worse cognitive performance at baseline and over 3 years (pFDR < 0.05). Aβ positivity was negatively associated with cognitive performance (direct effect-memory: - 0.33 ± 0.08, pFDR < 0.001; executive: - 0.21 ± 0.08, pFDR < 0.001; PACC5: - 0.29 ± 0.09, pFDR = 0.006; ΔPACC5: - 0.34 ± 0.04, pFDR < 0.05). Splenial WMH mediated the relationship between hypertension and cognitive performance (indirect-only effect-memory: - 0.05 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.029; executive: - 0.04 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.067; PACC5: - 0.05 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.030; ΔPACC5: - 0.09 ± 0.03, pFDR = 0.043) and WMH in the optic radiation partially mediated that between Aβ positivity and memory (indirect effect-memory: - 0.05 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Posterior white matter is susceptible to hypertension and Aβ accumulation. Posterior WMH mediate the association between these pathologies and cognitive dysfunction, making them a promising target to tackle the downstream damage related to the potentially interacting and potentiating effects of the two pathologies. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00007966, 04/05/2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Bernal
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inga Menze
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Ostendorf
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Malte Pfister
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Geisendörfer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Nemali
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Lucia Herrera
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miranka Wirth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tatzberg 41, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Harzheim L, Lorke M, Rostamzadeh A, Jessen F, Woopen C, Jünger S. The Promotion of Health Literacy. GeroPsych 2023. [DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract: Progress in predictive medicine has increased the challenges to navigating complex risk information for patients and healthcare professionals. This contribution investigates how people facing the risk of developing Alzheimer’s dementia perceive risk, what aspects are relevant to their health literacy, and how to promote individual health literacy in predictive medicine. We conducted a qualitative study analyzing narrative interviews, body maps, and sociodemographic data from persons who had undergone early predictive procedures in a memory clinic. We understand the promotion of health literacy as an ethical task in predictive medicine and argue for (1) emphasizing personal resources to promote subjective health literacy, (2) reframing communication and decision-making about disease risk, and (3) teaching skills for value-sensitive, individualized risk communication.
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13
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Zeyen P, Sannemann L, Bohr L, Escher C, Müller T, Ramírez A, Rostamzadeh A, Jessen F. [Brain health services: individual dementia risk profiling at the Cologne Alzheimer Prevention Center]. Nervenarzt 2023; 94:392-399. [PMID: 36881112 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to current knowledge approximately 30-40% of all cases of dementia can be attributed to modifiable risk factors. As a result, dementia prevention and the concept of brain health are becoming increasingly relevant. RESEARCH QUESTION The requirements for brain health services and their implementation are discussed and the Cologne Alzheimer Prevention Center (KAP) of the University Hospital Cologne is described as an example. MATERIAL AND METHODS In addition to a report on international brain health initiatives, the main activities of the KAP are presented. A program for individual risk profiling and risk communication is provided, which was piloted in the KAP in the context of the "Individual risk profiling for Alzheimer's disease and dementia prevention (INSPIRATION)" study. The prevalence of risk factors in a cognitively healthy sample aged 50-86 years (n = 162) with interest in dementia prevention is presented. RESULTS The most common risk factors were non-Mediterranean diet, obesity, subjective poor sleep quality and increased stress. Based on these results, preventive interventions can be developed that are adapted to the individual risk profile as a personalized medicine approach. DISCUSSION Structures such as the KAP can provide individual risk factor assessment and personalized dementia prevention. The efficacy of this approach on dementia risk reduction needs to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Zeyen
- Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - Lena Sannemann
- Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - Lara Bohr
- Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Claus Escher
- Klinik für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen und Gerontopsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn/Köln, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Theresa Müller
- Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.,Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Alfredo Ramírez
- Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.,Klinik für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen und Gerontopsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn/Köln, Bonn, Deutschland.,Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Frank Jessen
- Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn/Köln, Bonn, Deutschland.,Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland
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14
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Brosseron F, Maass A, Kleineidam L, Ravichandran KA, Kolbe CC, Wolfsgruber S, Santarelli F, Häsler LM, McManus R, Ising C, Röske S, Peters O, Cosma NC, Schneider LS, Wang X, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Dichgans M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Görß D, Laske C, Munk MH, Düzel E, Yakupow R, Dobisch L, Metzger CD, Glanz W, Ewers M, Dechent P, Haynes JD, Scheffler K, Roy N, Rostamzadeh A, Spottke A, Ramirez A, Mengel D, Synofzik M, Jucker M, Latz E, Jessen F, Wagner M, Heneka MT. Serum IL-6, sAXL, and YKL-40 as systemic correlates of reduced brain structure and function in Alzheimer's disease: results from the DELCODE study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:13. [PMID: 36631909 PMCID: PMC9835320 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation constitutes a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Still, it remains unresolved if peripheral inflammatory markers can be utilized for research purposes similar to blood-based beta-amyloid and neurodegeneration measures. We investigated experimental inflammation markers in serum and analyzed interrelations towards AD pathology features in a cohort with a focus on at-risk stages of AD. METHODS Data of 74 healthy controls (HC), 99 subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 75 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 23 AD relatives, and 38 AD subjects were obtained from the DELCODE cohort. A panel of 20 serum biomarkers was determined using immunoassays. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, APOE status, and body mass index and included correlations between serum and CSF marker levels and AD biomarker levels. Group-wise comparisons were based on screening diagnosis and routine AD biomarker-based schematics. Structural imaging data were combined into composite scores representing Braak stage regions and related to serum biomarker levels. The Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC5) score was used to test for associations between the biomarkers and cognitive performance. RESULTS Each experimental marker displayed an individual profile of interrelations to AD biomarkers, imaging, or cognition features. Serum-soluble AXL (sAXL), IL-6, and YKL-40 showed the most striking associations. Soluble AXL was significantly elevated in AD subjects with pathological CSF beta-amyloid/tau profile and negatively related to structural imaging and cognitive function. Serum IL-6 was negatively correlated to structural measures of Braak regions, without associations to corresponding IL-6 CSF levels or other AD features. Serum YKL-40 correlated most consistently to CSF AD biomarker profiles and showed the strongest negative relations to structure, but none to cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Serum sAXL, IL-6, and YKL-40 relate to different AD features, including the degree of neuropathology and cognitive functioning. This may suggest that peripheral blood signatures correspond to specific stages of the disease. As serum markers did not reflect the corresponding CSF protein levels, our data highlight the need to interpret serum inflammatory markers depending on the respective protein's specific biology and cellular origin. These marker-specific differences will have to be considered to further define and interpret blood-based inflammatory profiles for AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Brosseron
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kishore Aravind Ravichandran
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carl-Christian Kolbe
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XInstitute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesco Santarelli
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Häsler
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Róisín McManus
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Ising
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.452408.fExcellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Sandra Röske
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicoleta-Carmen Cosma
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa-Sophie Schneider
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Eike J. Spruth
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7311.40000000123236065Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H. Schott
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ,grid.418723.b0000 0001 2109 6265Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany ,grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany ,grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Görß
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H. Munk
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupow
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline D. Metzger
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Bernstein Center for Computational Neurosciences, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.452408.fExcellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany ,grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ,Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - David Mengel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XInstitute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.452408.fExcellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany ,grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.16008.3f0000 0001 2295 9843Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur- Alzette, Luxembourg
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15
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Daamen M, Scheef L, Li S, Grothe MJ, Gaertner FC, Buchert R, Buerger K, Dobisch L, Drzezga A, Essler M, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Herrera Melendez AL, Hetzer S, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Krause BJ, Lange C, Laske C, Munk MH, Peters O, Priller J, Ramirez A, Reimold M, Rominger A, Rostamzadeh A, Roeske S, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel SJ, Wagner M, Düzel E, Jessen F, Boecker H. Cortical Amyloid Burden Relates to Basal Forebrain Volume in Subjective Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1013-1028. [PMID: 37638433 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrophy of cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) nuclei is a frequent finding in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry studies that examined patients with prodromal or clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), but less clear for individuals in earlier stages of the clinical AD continuum. OBJECTIVE To examine BF volume reductions in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) participants with AD pathologic changes. METHODS The present study compared MRI-based BF volume measurements in age- and sex-matched samples of N = 24 amyloid-positive and N = 24 amyloid-negative SCD individuals, based on binary visual ratings of Florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. Additionally, we assessed associations of BF volume with cortical amyloid burden, based on semiquantitative Centiloid (CL) analyses. RESULTS Group differences approached significance for BF total volume (p = 0.061) and the Ch4 subregion (p = 0.059) only, showing the expected relative volume reductions for the amyloid-positive subgroup. There were also significant inverse correlations between BF volumes and CL values, which again were most robust for BF total volume and the Ch4 subregion. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with the hypothesis that amyloid-positive SCD individuals, which are considered to represent a transitional stage on the clinical AD continuum, already show incipient alterations of BF integrity. The negative association with a continuous measure of cortical amyloid burden also suggests that this may reflect an incremental process. Yet, further research is needed to evaluate whether BF changes already emerge at "grey zone" levels of amyloid accumulation, before amyloidosis is reliably detected by PET visual readings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Daamen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheef
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- RheinAhrCampus, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Remagen, Germany
| | - Shumei Li
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michel J Grothe
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Molecular Organization of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Essler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ana Lucia Herrera Melendez
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center of Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Joachim Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Catharina Lange
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Matthias Reimold
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Zeyen P, Sannemann L, Escher C, Müller T, Bohr L, Snijders KE, Rostamzadeh A, Jessen F. INSPIRATION: results of a cross‐sectional AD risk‐profiling study. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.062310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Zeyen
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Lena Sannemann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Claus Escher
- University of Bonn, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Department of Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, Bonn, Germany. Bonn Germany
| | - Theresa Müller
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Lara Bohr
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Psychiatry, Cologne, Germany. Cologne Germany
| | | | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne Germany
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17
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Rostamzadeh A, Kahlert A, Kalthegener F, Jessen F. Correction to: Psychotherapeutic interventions in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s dementia: a systematic review. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:44. [PMID: 35317864 PMCID: PMC8939139 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-00987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Vockert N, Schütze H, Richter A, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Cardenas‐Blanco A, Dahmen P, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Fließbach K, Freiesleben SD, Glanz W, Goerss D, Haynes J, Heneka MT, Kilimann I, Kimmich O, Kleineidam L, Laske C, Lohse A, Metzger CD, Munk MHJ, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Ramirez A, Roeske S, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Zeidman P, Jessen F, Schott BH, Duzel E, Maass A, Ziegler G. A Cognitive Reserve Network That Moderates the Relationship Between Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Cognition. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.062134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Vockert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Anni Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Arturo Cardenas‐Blanco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Philip Dahmen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR‐Research in Neurosciences, Georg‐August‐University Goettingen, Goettingen Germany Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Humbold‐Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - John‐Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité ‐ Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock Germany
| | - Okka Kimmich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Coraline D. Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Matthias H. J. Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen Germany
- Systems Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology Darmstadt Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases San Antonio TX USA
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Tuebingen Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Peter Zeidman
- Wellcome Center for Human Neuroimaging London United Kingdom
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen Germany
| | - Emrah Duzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Magdeburg Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
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Rostamzadeh A, Bohr L, Wagner M, Baethge C, Jessen F. Progression of Subjective Cognitive Decline to MCI or Dementia in Relation to Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Neurology 2022; 99:e1866-e1874. [PMID: 36028322 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and biomarkers indicating Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in comparison to individuals with SCD without biomarker evidence for AD is critical to delineate the potential role of biomarkers assessment in this group. We performed a meta-analysis of studies on this topic. METHODS Three data bases (PUBMED, PsycINFO and Cochrane) were searched from inception to May 7, 2021. Search strings included the terms: subjective cognitive decline, biomarker, amyloid, tau, risk, Alzheimer, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Following PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines, two researchers independently performed literature search, data collection and data extraction. We summarized odds ratios (OR) in random-effects meta-analyses and calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), and likelihood ratios. The primary outcome was the OR of progressing from SCD to MCI or dementia in cases with biomarkers indicative of AD pathology relative to the chance of progression in cases with biomarkers indicating no AD pathology. RESULTS Out of 4147 studies screened, eight studies were selected. The risk of bias analysis revealed low risk of bias in all studies. The prevalence of abnormal biomarkers ranged between 15,6%-35,4% for amyloid, 11,1%-33,7% for p-tau, 12,4%-46,3% for t-tau and 7,8%-24,4% for full AD pathology (amyloid pathology with either increased p-tau or t-tau). The chance of clinical progression was increased in cases of amyloid pathology only (OR=5.89, 95% CI: 2.33-14.90), elevated p-tau (OR=3.99, 95% CI: 2.34-6.85), elevated t-tau (OR=2.26, 95% CI: 1.14-4.48) and full AD pathology (OR=11.36, 95% CI 1.97-65.41). The latter showed a PPV of 59.7% (95% CI: 48.8-69.3%) and a NPV of 89.4% (95% CI: 86.7-91.7%), whereas amyloid pathology only showed a PPV of 28.2% (95% CI: 23.7%-32.2%) and a NPV of 94,9% (95% CI: 93.4%-96.2%). DISCUSSION Individuals with SCD and full AD pathology have a substantially increased risk of developing MCI or dementia in comparison with individuals with SCD without AD pathology. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Prospero CRD42020175282.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lara Bohr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1, Gebäude 99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christopher Baethge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1, Gebäude 99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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20
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Billette OV, Ziegler G, Aruci M, Schütze H, Kizilirmak JM, Richter A, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Cardenas-Blanco A, Dahmen P, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Glanz W, Göerß D, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Kilimann I, Kimmich O, Kleineidam L, Laske C, Lohse A, Rostamzadeh A, Metzger C, Munk MH, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Ramirez A, Röske S, Roy N, Teipel S, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Zeidman P, Jessen F, Schott BH, Düzel E, Maass A. Novelty-Related fMRI Responses of Precuneus and Medial Temporal Regions in Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer Disease. Neurology 2022; 99:e775-e788. [PMID: 35995589 PMCID: PMC9484732 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives We assessed whether novelty-related fMRI activity in medial temporal lobe regions and the precuneus follows an inverted U-shaped pattern across the clinical spectrum of increased Alzheimer disease (AD) risk as previously suggested. Specifically, we tested for potentially increased activity in individuals with a higher AD risk due to subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We further tested whether activity differences related to diagnostic groups were accounted for by CSF markers of AD or brain atrophy. Methods We studied 499 participants aged 60–88 years from the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) who underwent task-fMRI. Participants included 163 cognitively normal (healthy control, HC) individuals, 222 SCD, 82 MCI, and 32 patients with clinical diagnosis of mild AD. CSF levels of β-amyloid 42/40 ratio and phosphorylated-tau181 were available from 232 participants. We used region-based analyses to assess novelty-related activity (novel > highly familiar scenes) in entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and precuneus as well as whole-brain voxel-wise analyses. First, general linear models tested differences in fMRI activity between participant groups. Complementary regression models tested quadratic relationships between memory impairment and activity. Second, relationships of activity with AD CSF biomarkers and brain volume were analyzed. Analyses were controlled for age, sex, study site, and education. Results In the precuneus, we observed an inverted U-shaped pattern of novelty-related activity across groups, with higher activity in SCD and MCI compared with HC, but not in patients with AD who showed relatively lower activity than MCI. This nonlinear pattern was confirmed by a quadratic relationship between memory impairment and precuneus activity. Precuneus activity was not related to AD biomarkers or brain volume. In contrast to the precuneus, hippocampal activity was reduced in AD dementia compared with all other groups and related to AD biomarkers. Discussion Novelty-related activity in the precuneus follows a nonlinear pattern across the clinical spectrum of increased AD risk. Although the underlying mechanism remains unclear, increased precuneus activity might represent an early signature of memory impairment. Our results highlight the nonlinearity of activity alterations that should be considered in clinical trials using functional outcome measures or targeting hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella V Billette
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Merita Aruci
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Jasmin M Kizilirmak
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Anni Richter
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Claudia Bartels
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Arturo Cardenas-Blanco
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Philip Dahmen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Peter Dechent
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Laura Dobisch
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Doreen Göerß
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Michael T Heneka
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Okka Kimmich
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Christoph Laske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Andrea Lohse
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Coraline Metzger
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Matthias H Munk
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Lukas Preis
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Josef Priller
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Anja Schneider
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Annika Spottke
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Sandra Röske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Nina Roy
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Stefan Teipel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Michael Wagner
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Renat Yakupov
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Peter Zeidman
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Frank Jessen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Björn H Schott
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Emrah Düzel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Anne Maass
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK.
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Gerards M, Schild AK, Meiberth D, Rostamzadeh A, Vehreschild JJ, Wingen-Heimann S, Johannis W, Martino Adami P, Onur OA, Ramirez A, Karikari TK, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Maier F, Jessen F. Alzheimer's Disease Plasma Biomarkers Distinguish Clinical Diagnostic Groups in Memory Clinic Patients. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2022; 51:182-192. [PMID: 35504263 DOI: 10.1159/000524390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several recent research studies show high performance of blood biomarkers to identify Alzheimer's disease also in the pre-dementia mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, but data from the routine clinical care memory clinic setting are needed. METHODS We examined plasma samples of 144 memory clinic patients, including dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT, n = 54), MCI (n = 57), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 33), who either presented as self-referrals or were referred by general practitioners or neurologists or psychiatrists. The plasma biomarkers, amyloid-beta42 (Aß42), amyloid-beta40 (Aß40), phospho-Tau181 (pTau181), total-tau (tTau), and neurofilament light (NFL), as well as different ratios, were measured using the ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay technology. Statistical analysis including Kruskal-Wallis test, linear regression, and receiver operating characteristics analyses was performed. RESULTS Of the single markers, we observed statistically significant group effects of pTau181 (H(2) = 34.43, p < 0.001) and NFL (H(2) = 27.66, p < 0.001). All individual group comparisons of pTau181 were significant, while the contrast of SCD versus MCI for NFL was not significant. In addition, the ratios of Aß42/Aß40 (H(2) = 7.50, p = 0.02) and pTau181/Aß42 (H(2) = 25.26, p < 0.001) showed significant group effects with significant difference between all groups for pTau181/Aß42 and an SCD versus MCI difference for Aß42/Aß40. PTau181 showed the highest area under the curve of 0.85 for the discrimination of SCD and DAT with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 79% at a cut-off of 12.2 pg/mL. Age influenced Aß42, Aß40, and NFL concentrations. CONCLUSION Plasma pTau181 and NFL, as well as the ratios Aß42/Aß40 and pTau181/Aß42, are biomarkers, which can differentiate diagnostic groups in a memory clinic setting outside of research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gerards
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Schild
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
| | - Dix Meiberth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Janne Vehreschild
- Department I for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wingen-Heimann
- Department I for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- FOM University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wibke Johannis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pamela Martino Adami
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oezguer A Onur
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
- Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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22
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Rostamzadeh A, Kahlert A, Kalthegener F, Jessen F. Psychotherapeutic interventions in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's dementia: a systematic review. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:18. [PMID: 35101105 PMCID: PMC8802419 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanding technologies of early detection of Alzheimer's disease allow to identify individuals at risk of dementia in early and asymptomatic disease stages. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, are common in the course of AD and may be clinically observed many years before the onset of significant cognitive symptoms. To date, therapeutic interventions for AD focus on pharmacological and life style modification-based strategies. However, despite good evidence for psychotherapy in late-life depression, evidence for such therapeutic approaches to improve cognitive and emotional well-being and thereby reduce psychological risk factors in the course of AD are sparse. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in PUBMED, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials to summarize the state of evidence on psychotherapeutic and psychoeducational interventions for individuals at risk for Alzheimer's dementia. Eligible articles needed to apply a manualized and standardized psychotherapeutic or psychoeducational content administered by trained professionals for individuals with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment and measure mental health, quality of life or well-being. RESULTS The literature search yielded 32 studies that were included in this narrative summary. The data illustrates heterogeneous therapeutic approaches with mostly small sample sizes and short follow-up monitoring. Strength of evidence from randomized-controlled studies for interventions that may improve mood and well-being is scarce. Qualitative data suggests positive impact on cognitive restructuring, and disease acceptance, including positive effects on quality of life. Specific therapeutic determinants of efficacy have not been identified to date. CONCLUSIONS This review underlines the need of specific psychotherapeutic and psychoeducational approaches for individuals at risk of Alzheimer's dementia, particularly in terms of an early intervention aiming at improving mental health and well-being. One challenge is the modification of psychotherapeutic techniques according to the different stages of cognitive decline in the course of AD, which is needed to be sensitive to the individual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Anna Kahlert
- Institute for Psychology, Rheinisch Westfälische Hochschule Aachen, Philosophical Faculty, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Kalthegener
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1, Gebäude 99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50924, Cologne, Germany
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Brosseron F, Maass A, Kleineidam L, Ravichandran KA, González PG, McManus RM, Ising C, Santarelli F, Kolbe CC, Häsler LM, Wolfsgruber S, Marquié M, Boada M, Orellana A, de Rojas I, Röske S, Peters O, Cosma NC, Cetindag A, Wang X, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Bürger K, Janowitz D, Dichgans M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Göerß D, Laske C, Munk MH, Düzel E, Yakupov R, Dobisch L, Metzger CD, Glanz W, Ewers M, Dechent P, Haynes JD, Scheffler K, Roy N, Rostamzadeh A, Teunissen CE, Marchant NL, Spottke A, Jucker M, Latz E, Wagner M, Mengel D, Synofzik M, Jessen F, Ramirez A, Ruiz A, Heneka MT. Soluble TAM receptors sAXL and sTyro3 predict structural and functional protection in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 2021; 110:1009-1022.e4. [PMID: 34995486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve the understanding of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarker correlations to brain structural volume and longitudinal cognitive outcomes in the DELCODE study and in a validation cohort of the F.ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona. We investigated whether respective biomarker changes are evident before onset of cognitive impairment. YKL-40; sTREM2; sAXL; sTyro3; MIF; complement factors C1q, C4, and H; ferritin; and ApoE protein were elevated in pre-dementia subjects with pathological levels of tau or other neurodegeneration markers, demonstrating tight interactions between inflammation and accumulating neurodegeneration even before onset of symptoms. Intriguingly, higher levels of ApoE and soluble TAM receptors sAXL and sTyro3 were related to larger brain structure and stable cognitive outcome at follow-up. Our findings indicate a protective mechanism relevant for intervention strategies aiming to regulate neuroinflammation in subjects with no or subjective symptoms but underlying AD pathology profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kishore Aravind Ravichandran
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pablo García González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Róisín M McManus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Ising
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesco Santarelli
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carl-Christian Kolbe
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Institute of Innate Immune, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa M Häsler
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Röske
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicoleta-Carmen Cosma
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arda Cetindag
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, Göttingen 37075, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, Göttingen 37075, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Bürger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, Rostock 18147, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, Rostock 18147, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Göerß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Institute of Innate Immune, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - David Mengel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur- Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, North Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
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Gerards M, Schild A, Meiberth DU, Rostamzadeh A, Vehreschild JJ, Wingen‐Heimann S, Adami PVM, Onur OA, Ramirez A, Karikari TK, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Maier F, Jessen F. Plasma biomarkers distinguish clinical diagnostic groups in memory clinic patients. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.055520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann‐Katrin Schild
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Dix U. Meiberth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Pschotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | | | | | - Pamela V. Martino Adami
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | - Oezguer A. Onur
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Cologne Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | | | - Nicholas J. Ashton
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation London United Kingdom
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London London United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute Fluid Biomarkers Laboratory, UK DRI at UCL London United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne Germany
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Rostamzadeh A, Jessen F. [Predictive Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2021; 89:254-266. [PMID: 34005829 DOI: 10.1055/a-1370-3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Expanding technologies of early disease detection allow to identify Alzheimer's disease (AD) long before symptom onset. Hence, patients are increasingly demanding for these diagnostic procedures. Biomarker-based early detection of AD is therefore increasingly important in the clinical work-up. This article gives an overview of predictive procedures in the field of Alzheimer's dementia.
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Rostamzadeh A, Stapels J, Genske A, Haidl T, Jünger S, Seves M, Woopen C, Jessen F. Health Literacy in Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer's Dementia: A Systematic Review. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2021; 7:47-55. [PMID: 32010926 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2019.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health literacy (HL) refers to the capacity to access, understand, appraise and apply information for decision-making and acting in health-related matters. In the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD), expanding technologies of early disease detection, disease course prediction and eventually personalized prevention confront individuals at-risk with increasingly complex information, which demand substantial HL skills. Here we report current findings of HL research in at-risk groups. METHODS Search strings, referring to HL, AD, amyloid and risk, were developed. A systematic review was conducted in PUBMED, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science to summarize the state of evidence on HL in at-risk individuals for Alzheimer's dementia. Eligible articles needed to employ a validated tool for HL, mention the concept or one dimension (access, understand, appraise and apply information for decision-making and acting). RESULTS 26 quantitative and 9 qualitative studies addressing at least one dimension of HL were included. Overall, there is evidence for a wish to gain knowledge about the own brain status and risk of dementia. Psychological distress may occur and the subjective benefit-risk estimation may be modified after risk disclosure. Effects on lifestyle and planning may occur. Overall understanding and appraisal of information related to AD risk seem variable with several impacting factors. In mild cognitive impairment (MCI) basic HL skill seem to be affected by cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Systematic assessment of HL in at-risk population for AD is sparse. Findings indicate the paramount importance of adequate communication with persons at risk, being sensitive to individual needs and preferences. Substantial research needs were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rostamzadeh
- Ayda Rostamzadeh, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)221 - 478 3870, Fax: +49 (0)221 - 478 6030, E-Mail:
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Rostamzadeh A, Schwegler C, Gil-Navarro S, Rosende-Roca M, Romotzky V, Ortega G, Canabate P, Moreno M, Schmitz-Luhn B, Boada M, Jessen F, Woopen C. Biomarker-Based Risk Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Psychosocial, Ethical, and Legal Aspects. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:601-617. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-200484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Today, a growing number of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) wish to assess their risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. The expectations as well as the effects on quality of life (QoL) in MCI patients and their close others through biomarker-based dementia risk estimation are not well studied. Objective: The PreDADQoL project aims at providing empirical data on effects of such prediction on QoL and at developing an ethical and legal framework of biomarker-based dementia risk estimation in MCI. Methods: In the empirical study, 100 MCI-patients and their close others will be recruited from two sites (Germany and Spain). They receive standardized counselling on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker-based prediction of AD dementia and a risk disclosure based on their AD biomarker status. A mixed methods approach will be applied to assess outcomes. Results: The pilot-study yielded a specification of the research topics and newly developed questionnaires for the main assessment. Within this binational quantitative and qualitative study, data on attitudes and expectations toward AD risk prediction, QoL, risk communication, coping strategies, mental health, lifestyle changes, and healthcare resource utilization will be obtained. Together with the normative part of the project, an empirically informed ethical and legal framework for biomarker-based dementia risk estimation will be developed. Conclusion: The empirical research of the PreDADQoL study together with the ethical and legal considerations and implications will help to improve the process of counselling and risk disclosure and thereby positively affect QoL and health of MCI-patients and their close others in the context of biomarker-based dementia risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Schwegler
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health (ceres), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Silvia Gil-Navarro
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maitée Rosende-Roca
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Romotzky
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health (ceres), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gemma Ortega
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Canabate
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariola Moreno
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Björn Schmitz-Luhn
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health (ceres), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Woopen
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health (ceres), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Research Unit Ethics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Rostamzadeh A, Kahlert A, Kalthegener F, Jessen F. Psychotherapeutic interventions in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s dementia: A systematic review. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.047269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Cologne Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | | | - Franziska Kalthegener
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Cologne Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Cologne Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
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Rostamzadeh A, Jessen F. [Early detection of Alzheimer's disease and dementia prediction in patients with mild cognitive impairment : Summary of current recommendations]. Nervenarzt 2020; 91:832-842. [PMID: 32300816 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-00907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by cognitive deficits but essentially preserved competence in activities of daily living. It is a risk factor for the development of dementia and can reflect a prodromal predementia state of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathology of AD is defined by cerebral deposition of amyloid-beta-1-42 protein and aggregation of phosphorylated tau protein, which can be identified in vivo by biomarkers for these alterations. As a result of advances in the field of biomarker-based early detection of AD, it is possible to differentiate between MCI patients with and without a pathological AD condition and therefore, between patients with a low and those with a high risk for the development of dementia. At present there are no specific guideline recommendations in Germany for the diagnostic use of biomarkers in predementia detection of AD and for dementia risk assessment in patients with MCI. This article summarizes the current recommendations of a European expert consensus publication and a multidisciplinary working group of the Alzheimer's Association on the clinical application of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the diagnostics of AD in patients with MCI. If the clinical diagnostic criteria for MCI are fulfilled according to the medical history and neuropsychological testing, it is recommended to carry out further diagnostics (blood test, brain imaging) in order to more precisely define the differential diagnostic classification. Counseling on the potential benefits, limits and risks of biomarker testing for early AD detection and dementia risk prediction should always precede assessment of CSF biomarkers. Information about the individual risk of developing dementia has potential consequences for the psychological well-being and life planning; therefore, clinical follow-up visits are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - Frank Jessen
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät, Köln, Deutschland.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Deutschland
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Haidl TK, Seves M, Eggers S, Rostamzadeh A, Genske A, Jünger S, Woopen C, Jessen F, Ruhrmann S, Vogeley K. Health literacy in clinical-high-risk individuals for psychosis: A systematic mixed-methods review. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:1293-1309. [PMID: 30688012 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies suggest that health literacy (HL) plays a crucial role in maintaining and improving individual health. Empirical findings highlight the relation between levels of a person's HL and her/his clinical outcome. To date, the role of HL in persons at-risk for psychosis has not been systematically reviewed. METHODS We conducted a systematic review using a mixed-methods approach to analyse a variety of study types. Peer-reviewed publications were systematically searched in PUBMED, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Web of Science. RESULTS The search string returned 10587 publications. After screening, 15 quantitative, four qualitative studies and two reviews were included. Only one study assessed HL as primary outcome, assessing knowledge and beliefs about psychosis among the general population. In the other studies, sub-dimensions of HL were investigated. None of the publications operationalized HL or it's sub-dimensions with a validated measure. CONCLUSIONS A lack of understanding of their condition, and fear of stigmatization, were associated with a delay in help-seeking among people with clinical-high-risk state for psychosis. Family members, school personnel, general practitioners and the internet play a crucial role in the HL process. Considerable barriers in obtaining adequate specialist support emphasize the urgent need of a "HL environment" for persons at risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K Haidl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mauro Seves
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Eggers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Genske
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics and Social Sciences of Health (CERES), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Research Unit Ethics, Institute for the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saskia Jünger
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics and Social Sciences of Health (CERES), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Research Unit Ethics, Institute for the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Woopen
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics and Social Sciences of Health (CERES), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Research Unit Ethics, Institute for the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Vogeley
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Bagheri M, Khadem-Vatani K, Seyed-Mohammad-Zad MH, Rad IA, Rostamzadeh A, Rahimi B, Mahmoudi-Nejad S. TNF receptor type 1 and TNF receptor type 2 mRNA expression was not associated with coronary artery disease in a group of Iranian Turks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 120:144-147. [PMID: 30793619 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2019_023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Present investigation was carried out to evaluate the mRNA level of TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1) and TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) in peripheral-blood cells in patients with premature CAD over healthy controls. BACKGROUND TNFα as a pleiotropic cytokine could be concerned in cardiovascular pathophysiology regarding its special effects on endothelial cells. TNFα exerts its activities through its receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. METHODS Totally, 40 patients with premature CAD and 40 healthy controls were studied. The qRT-PCR technique was used to determine the mRNA level of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in tested groups. RESULTS The results of this study show that the relative expression was 1.32 ± 0.34 in cases and 1.11 ± 0.16 in controls for TNFR1. The relative expression was 0.96 ± 0.13 in cases and 1.49 ± 0.41 in controls for TNFR2. There is no significant difference in the level of gene expression in the studied groups regarding TNFR1 and TNFR2 genes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the mRNA levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 were not associated with CAD risk. Studies with more details, larger sample size, and new risk loci are necessary to reveal disease-causing mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CAD (Fig. 3, Ref. 21).
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Rostamzadeh A, Schwegler C, Gil S, Ortega G, Canabate P, Moreno M, Schmitz-Luhn B, Boada M, Jessen F, Woopen C. P4‐074: COUNSELING AND DISCLOSURE IN RISK PREDICTION OF ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA: IMPACT ON MCI PATIENTS AND THEIR CAREGIVERS—THE PREDADQOL STUDY. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolin Schwegler
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of HealthUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Silvia Gil
- Barcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research CenterBarcelonaSpain
| | - Gemma Ortega
- Barcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research CenterBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pilar Canabate
- Barcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research CenterBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mariola Moreno
- Barcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research CenterBarcelonaSpain
| | - Björn Schmitz-Luhn
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of HealthUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Mercè Boada
- Barcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research CenterBarcelonaSpain
| | - Frank Jessen
- University Hospital of CologneCologneGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Christiane Woopen
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of HealthUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
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Rostamzadeh A, Schwegler C, Gil S, Ortega G, Canabate P, Moreno M, Boada M, Woopen C, Jessen F. P1‐311: RISK KNOWLEDGE OF MCI PATIENTS IN PREDICTIVE DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA: PRELIMINARY DATA OF A MIXED METHOD APPROACH—THE PREDADQOL STUDY. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Gil
- Fundació ACE. Barcelona Alzheimer Treatment & Research CenterBarcelonaSpain
| | - Gemma Ortega
- Fundació ACE. Barcelona Alzheimer Treatment & Research CenterBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pilar Canabate
- Fundació ACEBarcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research CenterBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mariola Moreno
- Fundació ACEBarcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research CenterBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Fundació ACEBarcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research CenterBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Frank Jessen
- University Hospital of CologneCologneGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
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Schwegler C, Rostamzadeh A, Jessen F, Boada M, Woopen C. [P1–625]: EXPECTATIONS OF PATIENTS WITH MCI AND THEIR CAREGIVERS TOWARD PREDICTIVE DIAGNOSIS OF AD: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mercè Boada
- Fundació ACEBarcelona Alzheimer Treatment & Research CenterBarcelonaSpain
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Gaunitz F, Schürenkamp J, Rostamzadeh A, Konkol C, Thevis M, Rothschild MA, Mercer-Chalmers-Bender K. Analysis of taxine B/isotaxine B in a plasma specimen by LC–MS/MS in a case of fatal poisoning: concealed suicide by ingestion of yew (Taxus L.) leaves of a patient with a long-term history of borderline personality disorder. Forensic Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-017-0355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rostamzadeh A, Zumbrunn T, Jongen LM, Nederkoorn PJ, Macdonald S, Lyrer PA, Kappelle LJ, Mali WPTM, Brown MM, van der Worp HB, Engelter ST, Bonati LH. Predictors of acute and persisting ischemic brain lesions in patients randomized to carotid stenting or endarterectomy. Stroke 2013; 45:591-4. [PMID: 24368558 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.003605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated predictors for acute and persisting periprocedural ischemic brain lesions among patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis randomized to stenting or endarterectomy in the International Carotid Stenting Study. METHODS We assessed acute lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging 1 to 3 days after treatment in 124 stenting and 107 endarterectomy patients and lesions persisting on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery after 1 month in 86 and 75 patients, respectively. RESULTS Stenting patients had more acute (relative risk, 8.8; 95% confidence interval, 4.4-17.5; P<0.001) and persisting lesions (relative risk, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-11.1; P=0.005) than endarterectomy patients. Acute lesion count was associated with age (by trend), male sex, and stroke as the qualifying event in stenting; high systolic blood pressure in endarterectomy; and white matter disease in both groups. The rate of conversion from acute to persisting lesions was lower in the stenting group (relative risk, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.8; P=0.007), and was only predicted by acute lesion volume. CONCLUSIONS Stenting caused more acute and persisting ischemic brain lesions than endarterectomy. However, the rate of conversion from acute to persisting lesions was lower in the stenting group, most likely attributable to lower acute lesion volumes. Clinical Trial Registration -URL: www.isrctn.org. Unique identifier: ISRCTN25337470.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Rostamzadeh
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.R., P.A.L., S.T.E., L.H.B.), Clinical Trial Unit (T.Z.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (L.M.J., W.P.Th.M.M.), Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience (L.J.K., H.B.v.d.W.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.J.N.); Department of Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M.); and Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (M.M.B., L.H.B.)
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Chitsazi MT, Shirmohammadi A, Faramarzie M, Pourabbas R, Rostamzadeh A. A clinical comparison of nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite (Ostim) and autogenous bone graft in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011; 16:e448-53. [DOI: 10.4317/medoral.16.e448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Safavi A, Maleki N, Rostamzadeh A, Maesum S. CCD camera full range pH sensor array. Talanta 2006; 71:498-501. [PMID: 19071333 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Revised: 03/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in colors of an array of optical sensors that responds in full pH range were recorded using a CCD camera. The data of the camera were transferred to the computer through a capture card. Simple software was written to read the specific color of each sensor. In order to associate sensor array responses with pH values, a number of different mathematics and chemometrics methods were investigated and compared. The results show that the use of "Microsoft Excel's Solver" provides results which are in very good agreement with those obtained with chemometric methods such as artificial neural network (ANN) and partial least square (PLS) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Safavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
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