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Baumeister H, Vogel JW, Insel PS, Kleineidam L, Wolfsgruber S, Stark M, Gellersen HM, Yakupov R, Schmid MC, Lüsebrink F, Brosseron F, Ziegler G, Freiesleben SD, Preis L, Schneider LS, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Fliessbach K, Vogt IR, Bartels C, Schott BH, Rostamzadeh A, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Janowitz D, Rauchmann BS, Kilimann I, Goerss D, Munk MH, Hetzer S, Dechent P, Ewers M, Scheffler K, Wuestefeld A, Strandberg O, van Westen D, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Palmqvist S, Spottke A, Laske C, Teipel S, Perneczky R, Buerger K, Schneider A, Priller J, Peters O, Ramirez A, Wiltfang J, Heneka MT, Wagner M, Düzel E, Jessen F, Hansson O, Berron D. A generalizable data-driven model of atrophy heterogeneity and progression in memory clinic settings. Brain 2024:awae118. [PMID: 38654513 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory clinic patients are a heterogeneous population representing various aetiologies of pathological aging. It is unknown if divergent spatiotemporal progression patterns of brain atrophy, as previously described in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, are prevalent and clinically meaningful in this group of older adults. To uncover distinct atrophy subtypes, we applied the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm to baseline structural MRI data from 813 participants enrolled in the DELCODE cohort (mean ± SD age = 70.67 ± 6.07 years, 52% females). Participants were cognitively unimpaired (CU; n = 285) or fulfilled diagnostic criteria for subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 342), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 118), or dementia of the Alzheimer's type (n = 68). Atrophy subtypes were compared in baseline demographics, fluid AD biomarker levels, the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC-5), as well as episodic memory and executive functioning. PACC-5 trajectories over up to 240 weeks were examined. To test if baseline atrophy subtype and stage predicted clinical trajectories before manifest cognitive impairment, we analysed PACC-5 trajectories and MCI conversion rates of CU and SCD participants. Limbic-predominant and hippocampal-sparing atrophy subtypes were identified. Limbic-predominant atrophy first affected the medial temporal lobes, followed by further temporal and, finally, the remaining cortical regions. At baseline, this subtype was related to older age, more pathological AD biomarker levels, APOE ε4 carriership, and an amnestic cognitive impairment. Hippocampal-sparing atrophy initially occurred outside the temporal lobe with the medial temporal lobe spared up to advanced atrophy stages. This atrophy pattern also affected individuals with positive AD biomarkers and was associated with more generalised cognitive impairment. Limbic-predominant atrophy, in all and in only unimpaired participants, was linked to more negative longitudinal PACC-5 slopes than observed in participants without or with hippocampal-sparing atrophy and increased the risk of MCI conversion. SuStaIn modelling was repeated in a sample from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 cohort. Highly similar atrophy progression patterns and associated cognitive profiles were identified. Cross-cohort model generalizability, both on the subject and group level, were excellent, indicating reliable performance in previously unseen data. The proposed model is a promising tool for capturing heterogeneity among older adults at early at-risk states for AD in applied settings. The implementation of atrophy subtype- and stage-specific end-points may increase the statistical power of pharmacological trials targeting early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Baumeister
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Philip S Insel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melina Stark
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helena M Gellersen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias C Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Falk Lüsebrink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Silka D Freiesleben
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa-Sophie Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ina R Vogt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 18147, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 18147, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anika Wuestefeld
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Diagnostic Radiology, Institution of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 211 84, Lund, Sweden
- Image and Function, Skåne University Hospital, 211 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 211 84, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 18147, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, EH16 4SB, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 78229, San Antonio, TX, US
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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Deike K, Decker A, Scheyhing P, Harten J, Zimmermann N, Paech D, Peters O, Freiesleben SD, Schneider LS, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth E, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Fliessbach K, Kimmich O, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Hansen N, Jessen F, Rostamzadeh A, Düzel E, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Goerss D, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Wagner M, Roeske S, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Ramirez A, Dobisch L, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Yakupov R, Stark M, Schmid MC, Berger M, Hetzer S, Dechent P, Scheffler K, Petzold GC, Schneider A, Effland A, Radbruch A. Machine Learning-Based Perivascular Space Volumetry in Alzheimer Disease. Invest Radiol 2024:00004424-990000000-00211. [PMID: 38652067 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impaired perivascular clearance has been suggested as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it remains unresolved when the anatomy of the perivascular space (PVS) is altered during AD progression. Therefore, this study investigates the association between PVS volume and AD progression in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, both with and without subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and in those clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A convolutional neural network was trained using manually corrected, filter-based segmentations (n = 1000) to automatically segment the PVS in the centrum semiovale from interpolated, coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans (n = 894). These scans were sourced from the national German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study. Convolutional neural network-based segmentations and those performed by a human rater were compared in terms of segmentation volume, identified PVS clusters, as well as Dice score. The comparison revealed good segmentation quality (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.70 with P < 0.0001 for PVS volume, detection rate in cluster analysis = 84.3%, and Dice score = 59.0%). Subsequent multivariate linear regression analysis, adjusted for participants' age, was performed to correlate PVS volume with clinical diagnoses, disease progression, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, lifestyle factors, and cognitive function. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Comprehensive Neuropsychological Test Battery, and the Cognitive Subscale of the 13-Item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale. RESULTS Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, revealed that participants with AD and MCI, but not those with SCD, had significantly higher PVS volumes compared with CU participants without SCD (P = 0.001 for each group). Furthermore, CU participants who developed incident MCI within 4.5 years after the baseline assessment showed significantly higher PVS volumes at baseline compared with those who did not progress to MCI (P = 0.03). Cognitive function was negatively correlated with PVS volume across all participant groups (P ≤ 0.005 for each). No significant correlation was found between PVS volume and any of the following parameters: cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, sleep quality, body mass index, nicotine consumption, or alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS The very early changes of PVS volume may suggest that alterations in PVS function are involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Overall, the volumetric assessment of centrum semiovale PVS represents a very early imaging biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Deike
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A.D., K.F., O.K., F.J., Annika Spottke, N.R., M.W., S.R., M.T.H., F.B., Alfredo Ramirez, S.W., L.K., M.S., M.C.S., G.C.P., Anja Schneider, Alexander Radbruch); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany (K.D., P.S., D.P., Alexander Radbruch); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (J.H., N.Z., K.F., M.W., Alfredo Ramirez, S.W., L.K., Anja Schneider); Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (D.P.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany (O.P., S.D.F., J.P., E.S., S.A.); Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (O.P., S.D.F., L.-S.S., L.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany (J.P., E.S., S.A., A.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany (J.P.); University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.P.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany (J.W.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany (J.W., C.B., N.H.); Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal (J.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (F.J., Ayda Rostamzadeh); Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (F.J., Alfredo Ramirez); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany (E.D., W.G., E.I.I., Michaela Butryn, L.D., R.Y.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany (E.D., W.G., E.I.I., Michaela Butryn); Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (E.I.I.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany (K.B., M.E., R.P.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Germany (K.B., D.J., M.E.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Germany (R.P., B.-S.R.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (R.P.); Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.P.); Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.P., B.-S.R.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany (B.-S.R.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany (S.T., I.K., D.G.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany (S.T., I.K., D.G.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany (C.L., M.H.M.); Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany (C.L.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen Germany (M.H.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Annika Spottke); Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany (Alfredo Ramirez); Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX (Alfredo Ramirez); Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.C.S., Moritz Berger); Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (S.H.); MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Göttingen, Germany (P.D.); Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.S.); Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (G.C.P.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.E.)
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Blömeke L, Rehn F, Kraemer‐Schulien V, Kutzsche J, Pils M, Bujnicki T, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Freiesleben SD, Schneider L, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Hansen N, Rostamzadeh A, Düzel E, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann B, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Goerss D, Laske C, Munk MH, Sanzenbacher C, Spottke A, Roy‐Kluth N, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Wagner M, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Stark M, Schmid M, Jessen F, Bannach O, Willbold D, Peters O. Aβ oligomers peak in early stages of Alzheimer's disease preceding tau pathology. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2024; 16:e12589. [PMID: 38666085 PMCID: PMC11044868 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soluble amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers have been suggested as initiating Aβ related neuropathologic change in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but their quantitative distribution and chronological sequence within the AD continuum remain unclear. METHODS A total of 526 participants in early clinical stages of AD and controls from a longitudinal cohort were neurobiologically classified for amyloid and tau pathology applying the AT(N) system. Aβ and tau oligomers in the quantified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured using surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) technology. RESULTS Across groups, highest Aβ oligomer levels were found in A+ with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. Aβ oligomers were significantly higher in A+T- compared to A-T- and A+T+. APOE ε4 allele carriers showed significantly higher Aβ oligomer levels. No differences in tau oligomers were detected. DISCUSSION The accumulation of Aβ oligomers in the CSF peaks early within the AD continuum, preceding tau pathology. Disease-modifying treatments targeting Aβ oligomers might have the highest therapeutic effect in these disease stages. Highlights Using surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) technology, we quantified Aβ oligomers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (DELCODE) cohortAβ oligomers were significantly elevated in mild cognitive impairment (MCI)Amyloid-positive subjects in the subjective cognitive decline (SCD) group increased compared to the amyloid-negative control groupInterestingly, levels of Aβ oligomers decrease at advanced stages of the disease (A+T+), which might be explained by altered clearing mechanisms.
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Upadhyay N, Spottke A, Schneider A, Hoffmann DC, Frommann I, Ballarini T, Fliessbach K, Bender B, Heekeren HR, Haynes JD, Ewers M, Düzel E, Glanz W, Dobisch L, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Levin J, Danek A, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Synofzik M, Wilke C, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Jessen F, Boecker H. Fronto-striatal alterations correlate with apathy severity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:66-72. [PMID: 37855956 PMCID: PMC10844138 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional changes in cortical and subcortical regions have been reported in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), however, a multimodal approach may provide deeper insights into the neural correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this multicenter study, we measured cortical thickness (CTh) and subcortical volumes to identify structural abnormalities in 37 bvFTD patients, and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. For seed regions with significant structural changes, whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) was examined in a sub-cohort of N = 22 bvFTD and N = 22 matched control subjects to detect complementary alterations in brain network organization. To explore the functional significance of the observed structural and functional deviations, correlations with clinical and neuropsychological outcomes were tested where available. Significantly decreased CTh was observed in the bvFTD group in caudal middle frontal gyrus, left pars opercularis, bilateral superior frontal and bilateral middle temporal gyrus along with subcortical volume reductions in bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed decreased FC in bvFTD between: dorsal striatum and left caudal middle frontal gyrus; putamen and fronto-parietal regions; pallidum and cerebellum. Conversely, bvFTD showed increased FC between: left middle temporal gyrus and paracingulate gyrus; caudate nucleus and insula; amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus. Additionally, cortical thickness in caudal, lateral and superior frontal regions as well as caudate nucleus volume correlated negatively with apathy severity scores of the Neuropsychiatry Inventory Questionnaire. In conclusion, multimodal structural and functional imaging indicates that fronto-striatal regions have a considerable influence on the severity of apathy in bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Upadhyay
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Annika Spottke
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel C Hoffmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hauke R Heekeren
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carlo Wilke
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Nemali A, Vockert N, Berron D, Maas A, Bernal J, Yakupov R, Peters O, Gref D, Cosma N, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth E, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Fliessbach K, Kimmich O, Vogt I, Wiltfang J, Hansen N, Bartels C, Schott BH, Maier F, Meiberth D, Glanz W, Incesoy E, Butryn M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Pernecky R, Rauchmann B, Burow L, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Göerß D, Dyrba M, Laske C, Munk M, Sanzenbacher C, Müller S, Spottke A, Roy N, Heneka M, Brosseron F, Roeske S, Dobisch L, Ramirez A, Ewers M, Dechent P, Scheffler K, Kleineidam L, Wolfsgruber S, Wagner M, Jessen F, Duzel E, Ziegler G. Gaussian Process-based prediction of memory performance and biomarker status in ageing and Alzheimer's disease-A systematic model evaluation. Med Image Anal 2023; 90:102913. [PMID: 37660483 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging markers based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) combined with various other measures (such as genetic covariates, biomarkers, vascular risk factors, neuropsychological tests etc.) might provide useful predictions of clinical outcomes during the progression towards Alzheimer's disease (AD). The use of multiple features in predictive frameworks for clinical outcomes has become increasingly prevalent in AD research. However, many studies do not focus on systematically and accurately evaluating combinations of multiple input features. Hence, the aim of the present work is to explore and assess optimal combinations of various features for MR-based prediction of (1) cognitive status and (2) biomarker positivity with a multi-kernel learning Gaussian process framework. The explored features and parameters included (A) combinations of brain tissues, modulation, smoothing, and image resolution; (B) incorporating demographics & clinical covariates; (C) the impact of the size of the training data set; (D) the influence of dimensionality reduction and the choice of kernel types. The approach was tested in a large German cohort including 959 subjects from the multicentric longitudinal study of cognitive impairment and dementia (DELCODE). Our evaluation suggests the best prediction of memory performance was obtained for a combination of neuroimaging markers, demographics, genetic information (ApoE4) and CSF biomarkers explaining 57% of outcome variance in out-of-sample predictions. The highest performance for Aβ42/40 status classification was achieved for a combination of demographics, ApoE4, and a memory score while usage of structural MRI further improved the classification of individual patient's pTau status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nemali
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - N Vockert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Maas
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Bernal
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - O Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Gref
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Cosma
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Preis
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Kimmich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - I Vogt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - N Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - B H Schott
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - F Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - D Meiberth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - W Glanz
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - E Incesoy
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - D Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - R Pernecky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - I Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - D Göerß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - C Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Sanzenbacher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - F Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - L Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - P Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - K Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Kleineidam
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - F Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - E Duzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - G Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
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6
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Stark M, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Frommann I, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Burow L, Butryn M, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Gabelin T, Glanz W, Goerss D, Gref D, Hansen N, Heneka MT, Hinderer P, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kimmich O, Laske C, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rauchmann BS, Rostamzadeh A, Roy-Kluth N, Sanzenbacher C, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Vogt IR, Wiltfang J, Duzel E, Jessen F, Wagner M. Relevance of Minor Neuropsychological Deficits in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline. Neurology 2023; 101:e2185-e2196. [PMID: 37821235 PMCID: PMC10663030 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the relevance of minor neuropsychological deficits (MNPD) in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) with regard to CSF levels of Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers, cognitive decline, and clinical progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS This study included patients with clinical SCD and SCD-free, healthy control (HC) participants with available baseline CSF and/or longitudinal cognitive data from the observational DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia study. We defined MNPD as a performance of at least 0.5SD below the mean on a demographically adjusted total score derived from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological assessment battery. We compared SCD patients with MNPD and those without MNPD with regard to CSF amyloid-β (Aβ)42/Aβ40, phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), total tau and Aβ42/p-tau181 levels, longitudinal cognitive composite trajectories, and risk of clinical progression to incident MCI (follow-up M ± SD: 40.6 ± 23.7 months). In addition, we explored group differences between SCD and HC in those without MNPD. RESULTS In our sample (N = 672, mean age: 70.7 ± 5.9 years, 50% female), SCD patients with MNPD (n = 55, 12.5% of SCD group) showed significantly more abnormal CSF biomarker levels, increased cognitive decline, and a higher risk of progression to incident MCI (HR: 4.07, 95% CI 2.46-6.74) compared with SCD patients without MNPD (n = 384). MNPD had a positive predictive value of 57.0% (95% CI 38.5-75.4) and a negative predictive value of 86.0% (95% CI 81.9-90.1) for the progression of SCD to MCI within 3 years. SCD patients without MNPD showed increased cognitive decline and a higher risk of incident MCI compared with HC participants without MNPD (n = 215; HR: 4.09, 95% CI 2.07-8.09), while AD biomarker levels did not differ significantly between these groups. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that MNPD are a risk factor for AD-related clinical progression in cognitively normal patients seeking medical counseling because of SCD. As such, the assessment of MNPD could be useful for individual clinical prediction and for AD risk stratification in clinical trials. However, SCD remains a risk factor for future cognitive decline even in the absence of MNPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Stark
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany.
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gabelin
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Hinderer
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Okka Kimmich
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy-Kluth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Sanzenbacher
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina R Vogt
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Duzel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
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Teipel SJ, Dyrba M, Levin F, Altenstein S, Berger M, Beyle A, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Burow L, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Glanz W, Goerss D, Gref D, Hansen N, Heneka MT, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Keles D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Lohse A, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Schmid M, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Wiltfang J, Düzel E, Jessen F, Kleineidam L, Wagner M. Cognitive Trajectories in Preclinical and Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease Related to Amyloid Status and Brain Atrophy: A Bayesian Approach. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1055-1076. [PMID: 37849637 PMCID: PMC10578328 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive decline is a key outcome of clinical studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective To determine effects of global amyloid load as well as hippocampus and basal forebrain volumes on longitudinal rates and practice effects from repeated testing of domain specific cognitive change in the AD spectrum, considering non-linear effects and heterogeneity across cohorts. Methods We included 1,514 cases from three cohorts, ADNI, AIBL, and DELCODE, spanning the range from cognitively normal people to people with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We used generalized Bayesian mixed effects analysis of linear and polynomial models of amyloid and volume effects in time. Robustness of effects across cohorts was determined using Bayesian random effects meta-analysis. Results We found a consistent effect of amyloid and hippocampus volume, but not of basal forebrain volume, on rates of memory change across the three cohorts in the meta-analysis. Effects for amyloid and volumetric markers on executive function were more heterogeneous. We found practice effects in memory and executive performance in amyloid negative cognitively normal controls and MCI cases, but only to a smaller degree in amyloid positive controls and not at all in amyloid positive MCI cases. Conclusions We found heterogeneity between cohorts, particularly in effects on executive functions. Initial increases in cognitive performance in amyloid negative, but not in amyloid positive MCI cases and controls may reflect practice effects from repeated testing that are lost with higher levels of cerebral amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Fedor Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aline Beyle
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Enise I. Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany pGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Deniz Keles
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of T¨ubingen, T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias H. Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of T¨ubingen, T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anja Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Grazia A, Altomare D, Preis L, Monsch AU, Cappa SF, Gauthier S, Frölich L, Winblad B, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Teipel SJ, Boccardi M. Feasibility of a standard cognitive assessment in European academic memory clinics. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:2276-2286. [PMID: 36453876 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Standardized cognitive assessment would enhance diagnostic reliability across memory clinics. An expert consensus adapted the Uniform Dataset (UDS)-3 for European centers, the clinician's UDS (cUDS). This study assessed its implementation acceptability and feasibility. METHODS We developed a survey investigating barriers, facilitators, and willingness to implement the cUDS. With a mixed-methods design, we analyzed data from academic memory clinics. RESULTS Seventy-eight percent of responding clinicians were experienced neuropsychologists/psychologists and 22% were medical specialists coming from 18 European countries. Sixty-five percent clinicians were willing to implement cUDS. General barriers related to implementation (43%) and clinical-methodological domains (21%). Favorable clinicians reported finances (15%) and digitalization (9%) as facilitating, but unavailability of local norms (23%) as hindering. Unfavorable clinicians reported logistical (23%) and time issues (18%). DISCUSSION Despite challenges, data showed moderate clinicians' acceptability and requirements to improve feasibility. Nonetheless, these results come from academic clinicians. The next steps will require feasibility evaluation in non-academic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Grazia
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Rostock-Greifswald Standort, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock Universitätsmedizin, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniele Altomare
- LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Preis
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas U Monsch
- Memory Clinic, University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano F Cappa
- University Institute for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Mcgill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Dpt. of Gerontopsychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany, Central Institute of Mental Health (ZI), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden & Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Inflammation and Aging, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Stefan J Teipel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Rostock-Greifswald Standort, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock Universitätsmedizin, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marina Boccardi
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Rostock-Greifswald Standort, Rostock, Germany
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9
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Bernal J, Schreiber S, Menze I, Ostendorf A, Pfister M, Geisendörfer J, Nemali A, Maass A, Yakupov R, Peters O, Preis L, Schneider L, Herrera AL, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Rostamzadeh A, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Dobisch L, Dechent P, Scheffler K, Hetzer S, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Schmid M, Berger M, Jessen F, Wirth M, Düzel E, Ziegler G. Arterial hypertension and β-amyloid accumulation have spatially overlapping effects on posterior white matter hyperintensity volume: a cross-sectional study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:97. [PMID: 37226207 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH) in subjects across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum with minimal vascular pathology suggests that amyloid pathology-not just arterial hypertension-impacts WMH, which in turn adversely influences cognition. Here we seek to determine the effect of both hypertension and Aβ positivity on WMH, and their impact on cognition. METHODS We analysed data from subjects with a low vascular profile and normal cognition (NC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) enrolled in the ongoing observational multicentre DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (n = 375, median age 70.0 [IQR 66.0, 74.4] years; 178 female; NC/SCD/MCI 127/162/86). All subjects underwent a rich neuropsychological assessment. We focused on baseline memory and executive function-derived from multiple neuropsychological tests using confirmatory factor analysis-, baseline preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite 5 (PACC5) scores, and changes in PACC5 scores over the course of three years (ΔPACC5). RESULTS Subjects with hypertension or Aβ positivity presented the largest WMH volumes (pFDR < 0.05), with spatial overlap in the frontal (hypertension: 0.42 ± 0.17; Aβ: 0.46 ± 0.18), occipital (hypertension: 0.50 ± 0.16; Aβ: 0.50 ± 0.16), parietal lobes (hypertension: 0.57 ± 0.18; Aβ: 0.56 ± 0.20), corona radiata (hypertension: 0.45 ± 0.17; Aβ: 0.40 ± 0.13), optic radiation (hypertension: 0.39 ± 0.18; Aβ: 0.74 ± 0.19), and splenium of the corpus callosum (hypertension: 0.36 ± 0.12; Aβ: 0.28 ± 0.12). Elevated global and regional WMH volumes coincided with worse cognitive performance at baseline and over 3 years (pFDR < 0.05). Aβ positivity was negatively associated with cognitive performance (direct effect-memory: - 0.33 ± 0.08, pFDR < 0.001; executive: - 0.21 ± 0.08, pFDR < 0.001; PACC5: - 0.29 ± 0.09, pFDR = 0.006; ΔPACC5: - 0.34 ± 0.04, pFDR < 0.05). Splenial WMH mediated the relationship between hypertension and cognitive performance (indirect-only effect-memory: - 0.05 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.029; executive: - 0.04 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.067; PACC5: - 0.05 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.030; ΔPACC5: - 0.09 ± 0.03, pFDR = 0.043) and WMH in the optic radiation partially mediated that between Aβ positivity and memory (indirect effect-memory: - 0.05 ± 0.02, pFDR = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Posterior white matter is susceptible to hypertension and Aβ accumulation. Posterior WMH mediate the association between these pathologies and cognitive dysfunction, making them a promising target to tackle the downstream damage related to the potentially interacting and potentiating effects of the two pathologies. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00007966, 04/05/2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Bernal
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inga Menze
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Ostendorf
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Malte Pfister
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Geisendörfer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Nemali
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Lucia Herrera
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinic for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miranka Wirth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tatzberg 41, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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10
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Dafsari FS, Bewernick B, Böhringer S, Domschke K, Elsaesser M, Löbner M, Luppa M, Preis L, Püsken J, Schmitt S, Szekely AJ, Hellmich M, Müller W, Wagner M, Peters O, Frölich L, Riedel-Heller S, Schramm E, Hautzinger M, Jessen F. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Late-Life Depression (CBTlate): Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Observer-Blinded, Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37004508 DOI: 10.1159/000529445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Different psychotherapeutic interventions for late-life depression (LLD) have been proposed, but their evaluation in large, multicenter trials is rare. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the efficacy of a specific cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for LLD (LLD-CBT) in comparison with a supportive unspecific intervention (SUI), both administered in a specialist psychiatric outpatient setting. METHODS In this randomized, controlled, parallel group trial, we recruited participants (≥60 years) with moderate to severe depression at 7 trial sites in Germany. Participants were randomly assigned to the LLD-CBT or SUI group. The primary outcome was depression severity at the end of treatment measured by change on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Secondary outcomes included change in observer-rated depression, anxiety, sleep ratings, and quality of life throughout the treatment phase and at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Between October 1, 2018, and November 11, 2020, we randomly assigned 251 patients to either LLD-CBT (n = 126) or SUI (n = 125), of whom 229 provided primary-outcome data. There was no significant between-group difference in the change in GDS scores at the end of treatment (estimated marginal mean difference: -1.01 [95% CI: -2.88 to 0.86]; p = 0.287). Secondary analyses showed significant improvements in several outcomes after 8 weeks and at follow-up in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that LLD-specific CBT and a supportive unspecific treatment both provide clinical benefit in patients with moderate to severe LLD without evidence for superiority of LLD-CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forugh S Dafsari
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bettina Bewernick
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Böhringer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Elsaesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Margrit Löbner
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Luppa
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Püsken
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Schmitt
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreea-Johanna Szekely
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wiebke Müller
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schramm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hautzinger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Heinzinger N, Maass A, Berron D, Yakupov R, Peters O, Fiebach J, Villringer K, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Jessen F, Maier F, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Killimann I, Göerß D, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Dechent P, Haynes JD, Scheffler K, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Schmid M, Berger M, Düzel E, Ziegler G. Exploring the ATN classification system using brain morphology. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:50. [PMID: 36915139 PMCID: PMC10009950 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NIA-AA proposed amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration (ATN) as a classification system for AD biomarkers. The amyloid cascade hypothesis (ACH) implies a sequence across ATN groups that patients might undergo during transition from healthy towards AD: A-T-N-➔A+T-N-➔A+T+N-➔A+T+N+. Here we assess the evidence for monotonic brain volume decline for this particular (amyloid-conversion first, tau-conversion second, N-conversion last) and alternative progressions using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in a large cross-sectional MRI cohort. METHODS We used baseline data of the DELCODE cohort of 437 subjects (127 controls, 168 SCD, 87 MCI, 55 AD patients) which underwent lumbar puncture, MRI scanning, and neuropsychological assessment. ATN classification was performed using CSF-Aβ42/Aβ40 (A+/-), CSF phospho-tau (T+/-), and adjusted hippocampal volume or CSF total-tau (N+/-). We compared voxel-wise model evidence for monotonic decline of gray matter volume across various sequences over ATN groups using the Bayesian Information Criterion (including also ROIs of Braak stages). First, face validity of the ACH transition sequence A-T-N-➔A+T-N-➔A+T+N-➔A+T+N+ was compared against biologically less plausible (permuted) sequences among AD continuum ATN groups. Second, we evaluated evidence for 6 monotonic brain volume progressions from A-T-N- towards A+T+N+ including also non-AD continuum ATN groups. RESULTS The ACH-based progression A-T-N-➔A+T-N-➔A+T+N-➔A+T+N+ was consistent with cognitive decline and clinical diagnosis. Using hippocampal volume for operationalization of neurodegeneration (N), ACH was most evident in 9% of gray matter predominantly in the medial temporal lobe. Many cortical regions suggested alternative non-monotonic volume progressions over ACH progression groups, which is compatible with an early amyloid-related tissue expansion or sampling effects, e.g., due to brain reserve. Volume decline in 65% of gray matter was consistent with a progression where A status converts before T or N status (i.e., ACH/ANT) when compared to alternative sequences (TAN/TNA/NAT/NTA). Brain regions earlier affected by tau tangle deposition (Braak stage I-IV, MTL, limbic system) present stronger evidence for volume decline than late Braak stage ROIs (V/VI, cortical regions). Similar findings were observed when using CSF total-tau for N instead. CONCLUSION Using the ATN classification system, early amyloid status conversion (before tau and neurodegeneration) is associated with brain volume loss observed during AD progression. The ATN system and the ACH are compatible with monotonic progression of MTL atrophy. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS00007966, 04/05/2015, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Heinzinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany. .,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Fiebach
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kersten Villringer
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eike Jacob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Killimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Göerß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Jessen F, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineindam L, Spottke A, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Berger M, Brosseron F, Daamen M, Dichgans M, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fenski F, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Glanz W, Görß D, Gürsel S, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kobeleva X, Lohse A, Maier F, Metzger C, Munk M, Preis L, Sanzenbacher C, Spruth E, Rauchmann B, Vukovich R, Yakupov R, Weyrauch AS, Ziegler G, Schmid M, Laske C, Perneczky R, Schneider A, Wiltfang J, Teipel S, Bürger K, Priller J, Peters O, Ramirez A, Boecker H, Heneka MT, Wagner M, Düzel E. Subjective cognitive decline and stage 2 of Alzheimer disease in patients from memory centers. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:487-497. [PMID: 35451563 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is uncertain whether subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in individuals who seek medical help serves the identification of the initial symptomatic stage 2 of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. METHODS Cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the multicenter, memory clinic-based DELCODE study. RESULTS The SCD group showed slightly worse cognition as well as more subtle functional and behavioral symptoms than the control group (CO). SCD-A+ cases (39.3% of all SCD) showed greater hippocampal atrophy, lower cognitive and functional performance, and more behavioral symptoms than CO-A+. Amyloid concentration in the CSF had a greater effect on longitudinal cognitive decline in SCD than in the CO group. DISCUSSION Our data suggests that SCD serves the identification of stage 2 of the AD continuum and that stage 2, operationalized as SCD-A+, is associated with subtle, but extended impact of AD pathology in terms of neurodegeneration, symptoms and clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineindam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Daamen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Fenski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Görß
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Selim Gürsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xenia Kobeleva
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Munk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Sanzenbacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eike Spruth
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Ruth Vukovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Weyrauch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Bürger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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13
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Ersoezlue E, Rauchmann BS, Schneider-Axmann T, Wagner M, Ballarini T, Tato M, Utecht J, Kurz C, Papazov B, Guersel S, Burow L, Koller G, Stöcklein S, Keeser D, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Cetindag AC, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kleinedam L, Laske C, Maier F, Metzger CD, Munk MH, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Ramirez A, Roeske S, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Duezel E, Jessen F, Perneczky R. Lifelong experiences as a proxy of cognitive reserve moderate the association between connectivity and cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 122:33-44. [PMID: 36476760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with alterations in functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. The FC underpinnings of CR, that is, lifelong experiences, are largely unknown. Resting-state FC and structural MRI were performed in 76 CSF amyloid-β (Aβ) negative healthy controls and 152 Aβ positive individuals as an AD spectrum cohort (ADS; 55 with subjective cognitive decline, SCD; 52 with mild cognitive impairment; 45 with AD dementia). Following a region-of-interest (ROI) FC analysis, intrinsic network connectivity within the default-mode network (INC-DMN) and anti-correlation in INC between the DMN and dorsal attention network (DMN:DAN) were obtained as composite scores. CR was estimated by education and Lifetime Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ). The association between INC-DMN and MEM was attenuated by higher LEQ scores in the entire ADS group, particularly in SCD. In ROI analyses, higher LEQ scores were associated with higher FC within the DMN in ADS group. INC-DMN remains relatively intact despite memory decline in individuals with higher lifetime activity estimates, supporting a role for functional networks in maintaining cognitive function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Ersoezlue
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas Schneider-Axmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Maia Tato
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Utecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selim Guersel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stöcklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arda C Cetindag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - John D Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luca Kleinedam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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14
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Vockert N, Schütze H, Richter A, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Cardenas‐Blanco A, Dahmen P, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Fließbach K, Freiesleben SD, Glanz W, Goerss D, Haynes J, Heneka MT, Kilimann I, Kimmich O, Kleineidam L, Laske C, Lohse A, Metzger CD, Munk MHJ, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Ramirez A, Roeske S, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Zeidman P, Jessen F, Schott BH, Duzel E, Maass A, Ziegler G. A Cognitive Reserve Network That Moderates the Relationship Between Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Cognition. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.062134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Vockert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Anni Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Arturo Cardenas‐Blanco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Philip Dahmen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR‐Research in Neurosciences, Georg‐August‐University Goettingen, Goettingen Germany Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Humbold‐Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - John‐Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité ‐ Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock Germany
| | - Okka Kimmich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Coraline D. Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Matthias H. J. Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen Germany
- Systems Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology Darmstadt Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases San Antonio TX USA
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Tuebingen Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Peter Zeidman
- Wellcome Center for Human Neuroimaging London United Kingdom
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty Cologne Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen Germany
| | - Emrah Duzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Magdeburg Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
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15
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Nemy M, Dyrba M, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Glanz W, Goerss D, Heneka MT, Hetzer S, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Maier F, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rauchmann BS, Röske S, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Yakupov R, Eriksdotter M, Westman E, Stepankova O, Vyslouzilova L, Düzel E, Jessen F, Teipel SJ, Ferreira D. Cholinergic white matter pathways along the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Brain 2022; 146:2075-2088. [PMID: 36288546 PMCID: PMC10151179 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert and its white matter projections are affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, it is still unknown if these alterations can be found in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and whether they are more pronounced than changes found in conventional brain volumetric measurements. To address these questions, we investigated microstructural alterations of two major cholinergic pathways in individuals along the AD continuum using an in vivo model of the human cholinergic system based on neuroimaging.
We included 405 participants (53 AD, 66 MCI, 174 SCD, and 112 healthy controls) from the Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). We modelled the cholinergic white matter pathways with an enhanced diffusion neuroimaging pipeline that included probabilistic fiber-tracking methods and prior anatomical knowledge. The integrity of the cholinergic white matter pathways was compared between stages of the AD continuum, in the whole cohort and in a CSF amyloid-beta stratified subsample. The discriminative power of the integrity of the pathways was compared to the conventional volumetric measures of hippocampus and nucleus basalis of Meynert, using a receiver operating characteristics analysis. A multivariate model was employed to investigate the role of these pathways in relation to cognitive performance.
We found that the integrity of the cholinergic white matter pathways was significantly reduced in all stages of the AD continuum, including individuals with SCD. The differences involved posterior cholinergic white matter in the SCD stage and extended to anterior frontal white matter in MCI and AD dementia stages. Both cholinergic pathways and conventional volumetric measures showed higher predictive power in the more advanced stages of the disease, i.e., MCI and AD dementia. In contrast, the integrity of cholinergic pathways was more informative in distinguishing SCD from healthy controls, as compared with the volumetric measures. The multivariate model revealed a moderate contribution of the cholinergic white matter pathways but not of volumetric measures towards memory tests in the SCD and MCI stages.
In conclusion, we demonstrated that cholinergic white matter pathways are altered already in SCD individuals, preceding the more widespread alterations found in MCI and AD. The integrity of the cholinergic pathways identified the early stages of AD better than conventional volumetric measures such as hippocampal volume or volume of cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Nemy
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Assistive Technology, Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Rostock , Germany
| | | | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich , Munich , Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital , LMU Munich, Munich , Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich , Munich , Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital , LMU Munich, Munich , Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Rostock , Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Magdeburg , Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital , LMU Munich, Munich , Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Rostock , Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Tübingen , Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty , Cologne , Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Tübingen , Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich , Munich , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital , LMU Munich, Munich , Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich , Munich , Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London , UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences (SITraN), University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Berlin , Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry , Berlin , Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry , Berlin , Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Berlin , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Charité, Berlin , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital , LMU Munich, Munich , Germany
| | - Sandra Röske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Goettingen , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Berlin , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Charité, Berlin , Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Goettingen , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Erik Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London , London , UK
| | - Olga Stepankova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Assistive Technology, Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Vyslouzilova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Assistive Technology, Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Magdeburg , Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty , Cologne , Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Rostock , Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
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16
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Billette OV, Ziegler G, Aruci M, Schütze H, Kizilirmak JM, Richter A, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Cardenas-Blanco A, Dahmen P, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Glanz W, Göerß D, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Kilimann I, Kimmich O, Kleineidam L, Laske C, Lohse A, Rostamzadeh A, Metzger C, Munk MH, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Ramirez A, Röske S, Roy N, Teipel S, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Zeidman P, Jessen F, Schott BH, Düzel E, Maass A. Novelty-Related fMRI Responses of Precuneus and Medial Temporal Regions in Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer Disease. Neurology 2022; 99:e775-e788. [PMID: 35995589 PMCID: PMC9484732 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives We assessed whether novelty-related fMRI activity in medial temporal lobe regions and the precuneus follows an inverted U-shaped pattern across the clinical spectrum of increased Alzheimer disease (AD) risk as previously suggested. Specifically, we tested for potentially increased activity in individuals with a higher AD risk due to subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We further tested whether activity differences related to diagnostic groups were accounted for by CSF markers of AD or brain atrophy. Methods We studied 499 participants aged 60–88 years from the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) who underwent task-fMRI. Participants included 163 cognitively normal (healthy control, HC) individuals, 222 SCD, 82 MCI, and 32 patients with clinical diagnosis of mild AD. CSF levels of β-amyloid 42/40 ratio and phosphorylated-tau181 were available from 232 participants. We used region-based analyses to assess novelty-related activity (novel > highly familiar scenes) in entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and precuneus as well as whole-brain voxel-wise analyses. First, general linear models tested differences in fMRI activity between participant groups. Complementary regression models tested quadratic relationships between memory impairment and activity. Second, relationships of activity with AD CSF biomarkers and brain volume were analyzed. Analyses were controlled for age, sex, study site, and education. Results In the precuneus, we observed an inverted U-shaped pattern of novelty-related activity across groups, with higher activity in SCD and MCI compared with HC, but not in patients with AD who showed relatively lower activity than MCI. This nonlinear pattern was confirmed by a quadratic relationship between memory impairment and precuneus activity. Precuneus activity was not related to AD biomarkers or brain volume. In contrast to the precuneus, hippocampal activity was reduced in AD dementia compared with all other groups and related to AD biomarkers. Discussion Novelty-related activity in the precuneus follows a nonlinear pattern across the clinical spectrum of increased AD risk. Although the underlying mechanism remains unclear, increased precuneus activity might represent an early signature of memory impairment. Our results highlight the nonlinearity of activity alterations that should be considered in clinical trials using functional outcome measures or targeting hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella V Billette
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Merita Aruci
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Jasmin M Kizilirmak
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Anni Richter
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Claudia Bartels
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Arturo Cardenas-Blanco
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Philip Dahmen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Peter Dechent
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Laura Dobisch
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Doreen Göerß
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Michael T Heneka
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Okka Kimmich
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Christoph Laske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Andrea Lohse
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Coraline Metzger
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Matthias H Munk
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Lukas Preis
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Josef Priller
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Anja Schneider
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Annika Spottke
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Sandra Röske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Nina Roy
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Stefan Teipel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Michael Wagner
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Renat Yakupov
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Peter Zeidman
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Frank Jessen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Björn H Schott
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Emrah Düzel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK
| | - Anne Maass
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (O.V.B., G.Z., M.A., A.C.-B., W.G., C.M., R.Y., E.D., A.M.), Magdeburg; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (O.V.B., G.Z., H.S., A.C.-B., L.D., C.M., R.Y., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.M.K., J.W., B.H.S.), Goettingen; Department of Behavioral Neurology (A. Richter, B.H.S.), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., P. Dahmen, S.D.F., O.P., L.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., A.L., J.P., E.J.S.), Charité; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., J.W., B.H.S.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., O.K., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, A. Ramirez, S.R., N.R., M.W., S.W., F.J.), Bonn; University of Bonn Medical Center (F.B., K.F., M.T.H., L.K., A. Schneider, A. Ramirez, M.W., S.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn; MR-Research in Neurosciences (P. Dechent), Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D.G., I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.D.H.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (I.K., S.T.), Rostock; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.L., M.H.M.), Tübingen; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Department of Psychiatry (A. Rostamzadeh), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Systems Neurophysiology (M.H.M.), Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany; Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry (O.P, L.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A. Ramirez, F.J.), Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (A. Ramirez, F.J.), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (A. Ramirez), San Antonio, TX; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (P.Z.), London, UK.
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17
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Düzel E, Ziegler G, Berron D, Maass A, Schütze H, Cardenas-Blanco A, Glanz W, Metzger C, Dobisch L, Reuter M, Spottke A, Brosseron F, Fliessbach K, Heneka MT, Laske C, Peters O, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Ramirez A, Speck O, Schneider A, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Jens W, Schott BH, Preis L, Gref D, Maier F, Munk MH, Roy N, Ballarini T, Yakupov R, Haynes JD, Dechent P, Scheffler K, Wagner M, Jessen F. Amyloid pathology but not APOE ε4 status is permissive for tau-related hippocampal dysfunction. Brain 2022; 145:1473-1485. [PMID: 35352105 PMCID: PMC9128811 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the impact of tau-pathology on memory performance and on hippocampal/medial temporal memory function in non-demented individuals depends on the presence of amyloid pathology, irrespective of diagnostic clinical stage. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the observational, multicentric DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). Two hundred and thirty-five participants completed task functional MRI and provided CSF (92 cognitively unimpaired, 100 experiencing subjective cognitive decline and 43 with mild cognitive impairment). Presence (A+) and absence (A−) of amyloid pathology was defined by CSF amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) levels. Free recall performance in the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, scene recognition memory accuracy and hippocampal/medial temporal functional MRI novelty responses to scene images were related to CSF total-tau and phospho-tau levels separately for A+ and A− individuals. We found that total-tau and phospho-tau levels were negatively associated with memory performance in both tasks and with novelty responses in the hippocampus and amygdala, in interaction with Aβ42 levels. Subgroup analyses showed that these relationships were only present in A+ and remained stable when very high levels of tau (>700 pg/ml) and phospho-tau (>100 pg/ml) were excluded. These relationships were significant with diagnosis, age, education, sex, assessment site and Aβ42 levels as covariates. They also remained significant after propensity score based matching of phospho-tau levels across A+ and A− groups. After classifying this matched sample for phospho-tau pathology (T−/T+), individuals with A+/T+ were significantly more memory-impaired than A−/T+ despite the fact that both groups had the same amount of phospho-tau pathology. ApoE status (presence of the E4 allele), a known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, did not mediate the relationship between tau pathology and hippocampal function and memory performance. Thus, our data show that the presence of amyloid pathology is associated with a linear relationship between tau pathology, hippocampal dysfunction and memory impairment, although the actual severity of amyloid pathology is uncorrelated. Our data therefore indicate that the presence of amyloid pathology provides a permissive state for tau-related hippocampal dysfunction and hippocampus-dependent recognition and recall impairment. This raises the possibility that in the predementia stage of Alzheimer’s disease, removing the negative impact of amyloid pathology could improve memory and hippocampal function even if the amount of tau-pathology in CSF is not changed, whereas reducing increased CSF tau-pathology in amyloid-negative individuals may not proportionally improve memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Berron
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arturo Cardenas-Blanco
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Clinic for Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wiltfang Jens
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Björn-Hendrik Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tomasso Ballarini
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
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18
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Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Weyrauch AS, Barkhoff M, Röske S, Peters O, Preis L, Gref D, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Priller J, Fließbach K, Schneider A, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Jessen F, Maier F, Düzel E, Metzger C, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Kilimann I, Teipel S, Laske C, Munk MH, Roy N, Spottke A, Ramirez A, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Wagneron M. Relevance of Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with a First-Degree Family History of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:545-555. [PMID: 35275535 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a relevant clinical marker of incipient Alzheimer's disease (AD) and future cognitive deterioration in individuals with a family history of AD (FHAD). OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of SCD with cross-sectional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarker levels and cognitive decline in cognitively normal older adults with or without a first-degree FHAD. METHODS We analyzed data from cognitively normal individuals with first-degree FHAD (n = 82 "AD relatives"; mean age: 65.7 years (SD = 4.47); 59% female) and a similar group of n = 236 healthy controls without FHAD from the DELCODE study. We measured SCD with an in-depth structured interview from which we derived a SCD score, capturing features proposed to increase likelihood of underlying AD ("SCD-plus score"). We tested whether higher SCD-plus scores were associated with more pathological CSF AD biomarker levels and cognitive decline over time and whether this association varied by group. RESULTS AD relatives showed higher SCD-plus scores than healthy controls and more cognitive decline over time. Higher SCD-plus scores also related stronger to cognitive change and abnormal CSF AD biomarker levels in the AD relatives as compared to the healthy controls group. CONCLUSION Quantification of specific SCD features can provide further information on the likelihood of early AD pathology and cognitive decline among AD relatives. FHAD and SCD appear as synergistically acting enrichment strategies in AD research, the first one as a permanent indicator of genetic risk, the latter one as a correlate of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Weyrauch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Barkhoff
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Röske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany.,Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagneron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
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19
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Gaubert M, Dell'Orco A, Lange C, Garnier-Crussard A, Zimmermann I, Dyrba M, Duering M, Ziegler G, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Maier F, Glanz W, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Laske C, Munk MH, Spottke A, Roy N, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Dechent P, Haynes JD, Scheffler K, Düzel E, Jessen F, Wirth M. Performance evaluation of automated white matter hyperintensity segmentation algorithms in a multicenter cohort on cognitive impairment and dementia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1010273. [PMID: 36713907 PMCID: PMC9877422 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH), a biomarker of small vessel disease, are often found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their advanced detection and quantification can be beneficial for research and clinical applications. To investigate WMH in large-scale multicenter studies on cognitive impairment and AD, appropriate automated WMH segmentation algorithms are required. This study aimed to compare the performance of segmentation tools and provide information on their application in multicenter research. METHODS We used a pseudo-randomly selected dataset (n = 50) from the DZNE-multicenter observational Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) that included 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images from participants across the cognitive continuum. Performances of top-rated algorithms for automated WMH segmentation [Brain Intensity Abnormality Classification Algorithm (BIANCA), lesion segmentation toolbox (LST), lesion growth algorithm (LGA), LST lesion prediction algorithm (LPA), pgs, and sysu_media] were compared to manual reference segmentation (RS). RESULTS Across tools, segmentation performance was moderate for global WMH volume and number of detected lesions. After retraining on a DELCODE subset, the deep learning algorithm sysu_media showed the highest performances with an average Dice's coefficient of 0.702 (±0.109 SD) for volume and a mean F1-score of 0.642 (±0.109 SD) for the number of lesions. The intra-class correlation was excellent for all algorithms (>0.9) but BIANCA (0.835). Performance improved with high WMH burden and varied across brain regions. CONCLUSION To conclude, the deep learning algorithm, when retrained, performed well in the multicenter context. Nevertheless, the performance was close to traditional methods. We provide methodological recommendations for future studies using automated WMH segmentation to quantify and assess WMH along the continuum of cognitive impairment and AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malo Gaubert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes University Hospital (CHU), Rennes, France
| | - Andrea Dell'Orco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catharina Lange
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antoine Garnier-Crussard
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Lyon Institute for Elderly, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France.,Neuroscience Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM 1048, CNRS 5292, Lyon, France
| | | | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marco Duering
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and qbig, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh and UK Dementia Research Institute (DRI), Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Miranka Wirth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Teipel SJ, Dyrba M, Ballarini T, Brosseron F, Bruno D, Buerger K, Cosma NC, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Düzel E, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Haynes JD, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Maier F, Metzger CD, Munk MH, Peters O, Pomara N, Preis L, Priller J, Ramírez A, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Jessen F, Heneka MT. Association of Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Volume and Functional Connectivity with Markers of Inflammatory Response in the Alzheimer’s Disease Spectrum. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1267-1282. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Inflammation has been described as a key pathogenic event In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), downstream of amyloid and tau pathology. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that the cholinergic basal forebrain may moderate inflammatory response to different pathologies. Objective: To study the association of cholinergic basal forebrain volume and functional connectivity with measures of neuroinflammation in people from the AD spectrum. Methods: We studied 261 cases from the DELCODE cohort, including people with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, AD dementia, first degree relatives, and healthy controls. Using Bayesian ANCOVA, we tested associations of MRI indices of cholinergic basal forebrain volume and functional connectivity with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sTREM2 as a marker of microglia activation, and serum levels of complement C3. Using Bayesian elastic net regression, we determined associations between basal forebrain measures and a large inflammation marker panel from CSF and serum. Results: We found anecdotal to moderate evidence in favor of the absence of an effect of basal forebrain volume and functional connectivity on CSF sTREM2 and serum C3 levels both in Aβ 42/ptau-positive and negative cases. Bayesian elastic net regression identified several CSF and serum markers of inflammation that were associated with basal forebrain volume and functional connectivity. The effect sizes were moderate to small. Conclusion: Our data-driven analyses generate the hypothesis that cholinergic basal forebrain may be involved in the neuroinflammation response to Aβ 42 and phospho-tau pathology in people from the AD spectrum. This hypothesis needs to be tested in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoleta-Carmen Cosma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - John D. Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline D. Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H. Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nunzio Pomara
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lukas Preis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramírez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn H. Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike J. Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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21
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Dyrba M, Hanzig M, Altenstein S, Bader S, Ballarini T, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Cantré D, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Düzel E, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Glanz W, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Keles DB, Kilimann I, Laske C, Maier F, Metzger CD, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rauchmann B, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Weber MA, Ertl-Wagner B, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Jessen F, Teipel SJ. Improving 3D convolutional neural network comprehensibility via interactive visualization of relevance maps: evaluation in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:191. [PMID: 34814936 PMCID: PMC8611898 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve high diagnostic accuracy for detecting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, they are not yet applied in clinical routine. One important reason for this is a lack of model comprehensibility. Recently developed visualization methods for deriving CNN relevance maps may help to fill this gap as they allow the visualization of key input image features that drive the decision of the model. We investigated whether models with higher accuracy also rely more on discriminative brain regions predefined by prior knowledge. Methods We trained a CNN for the detection of AD in N = 663 T1-weighted MRI scans of patients with dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and verified the accuracy of the models via cross-validation and in three independent samples including in total N = 1655 cases. We evaluated the association of relevance scores and hippocampus volume to validate the clinical utility of this approach. To improve model comprehensibility, we implemented an interactive visualization of 3D CNN relevance maps, thereby allowing intuitive model inspection. Results Across the three independent datasets, group separation showed high accuracy for AD dementia versus controls (AUC ≥ 0.91) and moderate accuracy for amnestic MCI versus controls (AUC ≈ 0.74). Relevance maps indicated that hippocampal atrophy was considered the most informative factor for AD detection, with additional contributions from atrophy in other cortical and subcortical regions. Relevance scores within the hippocampus were highly correlated with hippocampal volumes (Pearson’s r ≈ −0.86, p < 0.001). Conclusion The relevance maps highlighted atrophy in regions that we had hypothesized a priori. This strengthens the comprehensibility of the CNN models, which were trained in a purely data-driven manner based on the scans and diagnosis labels. The high hippocampus relevance scores as well as the high performance achieved in independent samples support the validity of the CNN models in the detection of AD-related MRI abnormalities. The presented data-driven and hypothesis-free CNN modeling approach might provide a useful tool to automatically derive discriminative features for complex diagnostic tasks where clear clinical criteria are still missing, for instance for the differential diagnosis between various types of dementia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00924-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.
| | - Moritz Hanzig
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bader
- Institute of Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Cantré
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Deniz B Keles
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Systems Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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22
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Amaefule CO, Dyrba M, Wolfsgruber S, Polcher A, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Spottke A, Meiberth D, Preis L, Peters O, Incesoy EI, Spruth EJ, Priller J, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Wiltfang J, Janowitz D, Bürger K, Laske C, Munk M, Rudolph J, Glanz W, Dobisch L, Haynes JD, Dechent P, Ertl-Wagner B, Scheffler K, Kilimann I, Düzel E, Metzger CD, Wagner M, Jessen F, Teipel SJ. Association between composite scores of domain-specific cognitive functions and regional patterns of atrophy and functional connectivity in the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 29:102533. [PMID: 33360018 PMCID: PMC7770965 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Composite scores provide reliable metrics of domain function in multicenter cohort. Visuo-spatial domain composite scores relate to anatomic changes in AD spectrum. Domain scores relate to network-specific resting-state connectivity in AD spectrum.
Background Cognitive decline has been found to be associated with gray matter atrophy and disruption of functional neural networks in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in structural and functional imaging (fMRI) studies. Most previous studies have used single test scores of cognitive performance among monocentric cohorts. However, cognitive domain composite scores could be more reliable than single test scores due to the reduction of measurement error. Adopting a multicentric resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and cognitive domain approach, we provide a comprehensive description of the structural and functional correlates of the key cognitive domains of AD. Method We analyzed MRI, rs-fMRI and cognitive domain score data of 490 participants from an interim baseline release of the multicenter DELCODE study cohort, including 54 people with AD, 86 with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), 175 with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), and 175 Healthy Controls (HC) in the AD-spectrum. Resulting cognitive domain composite scores (executive, visuo-spatial, memory, working memory and language) from the DELCODE neuropsychological battery (DELCODE-NP), were previously derived using confirmatory factor analysis. Statistical analyses examined the differences between diagnostic groups, and the association of composite scores with regional atrophy and network-specific functional connectivity among the patient subgroup of SCD, MCI and AD. Result Cognitive performance, atrophy patterns and functional connectivity significantly differed between diagnostic groups in the AD-spectrum. Regional gray matter atrophy was positively associated with visuospatial and other cognitive impairments among the patient subgroup in the AD-spectrum. Except for the visual network, patterns of network-specific resting-state functional connectivity were positively associated with distinct cognitive impairments among the patient subgroup in the AD-spectrum. Conclusion Consistent associations between cognitive domain scores and both regional atrophy and network-specific functional connectivity (except for the visual network), support the utility of a multicentric and cognitive domain approach towards explicating the relationship between imaging markers and cognition in the AD-spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dix Meiberth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Bürger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Munk
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Janna Rudolph
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John D Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Preis L, Cetindag AC, Villringer K, Fiebach JB, Peters O. Blood–brain barrier permeability measured by contrast‐enhanced MRI in early Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.045909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Preis
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Peters
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin Germany
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24
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Abstract
Abstract. A growing body of literature suggests that chronic-pain patients suffer from problems in various neuropsychological domains, including executive functioning. In order to better understand which components of executive functioning (inhibition, shifting and/or updating) might be especially affected by pain and which mechanisms might underlie this association, we conducted a systematic review, including both chronic-pain studies as well as experimental-pain studies. The chronic-pain studies (N = 57) show that pain is associated with poorer executive functioning. The findings of experimental-pain studies (N = 28) suggest that this might be a bidirectional relationship: Pain can disrupt executive functioning, but poorer executive functioning might also be a risk factor for higher vulnerability to pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bunk
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Preis
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sytse Zuidema
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miriam Kunz
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Menke A, Eichelkraut A, Preis L, Klengel T, Rex-Haffner M, Uhr M, Holsboer F, Binder EB. Gender related differential response to dexamethasone in endocrine and immune measures in depressed patients and healthy controls. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Svetkey LP, Chen YT, McKeown SP, Preis L, Wilson AF. Preliminary evidence of linkage of salt sensitivity in black Americans at the beta 2-adrenergic receptor locus. Hypertension 1997; 29:918-22. [PMID: 9095077 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.29.4.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Salt sensitivity is a heritable trait that is a hallmark of hypertension in black Americans. Genes encoding adrenergic receptors are candidate loci for the inheritance of this hypertension-related trait because of the role of these receptors in the regulation of renal sodium excretion and vascular tone. We performed this study to determine whether these loci are responsible for some of the phenotypic variation in salt sensitivity. Hypertensive black American probands were ascertained, followed by sequential ascertainment of adult sib pairs among the first-, second- and third-degree relatives of the proband. Both hypertensive and normotensive siblings were tested for salt sensitivity by an intravenous sodium-loading, lasix volume-depletion protocol. Genotyping was performed with restriction fragment length polymorphisms in genomic DNA probed with clones containing the beta 2- and alpha 2c10-adrenergic receptor genes. A total of 109 sib pairs was evaluated. Salt sensitivity was defined as the change in blood pressure in each individual, comparing the sodium-loaded with the volume-depleted state. Systolic pressure decreased by an average of 9.0 +/- 9%, diastolic pressure by 1.5 +/- 11%, and mean arterial pressure by 5.0 +/- 9%. Neither blood pressure nor salt sensitivity was linked at the alpha 2c10-adrenergic receptor locus. No evidence suggested that systolic salt sensitivity and baseline blood pressure were linked at the beta 2-adrenergic receptor locus. Model-independent sib pair linkage analysis suggested that diastolic blood pressure response to sodium loading/volume depletion is linked at the beta 2-adrenergic receptor locus (P < .006). Evidence for linkage was significant at the .05 level after adjustment for the number of phenotypic traits examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Svetkey
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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27
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Abstract
The adrenergic receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. We hypothesized that hypertension is associated with variants at the beta2-adrenergic receptor locus and at one of the alpha2-adrenergic receptor loci. In unrelated individuals, we measured untreated blood pressure and characterized each subject as hypertensive or normotensive. We then used genomic DNA to identify beta2- and alpha2c10-adrenergic receptor restriction fragment length polymorphisms. In 175 subjects (49 percent with hypertension, 55 percent black), both hypertension and race were associated with genotype at the beta2 locus (chi2 for hypertension = 11, P = .004, chi2 for race = 8.8, P = .012). The association with hypertension persisted in each race group separately (blacks only: chi2 = 9.6, P = .008; whites only; chi2 = 14.2, P = .001). This association persisted in a logistic model that controlled for race (P = .01). Genotype was also significantly associated with baseline systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures (P = .05, .01, and .02, respectively). These data suggest that the beta2-adrenergic receptor gene is a candidate gene for hypertension in blacks and whites. We also genotyped subjects at the alpha2-adrenergic receptor coded on chromosome 10. There was no association between hypertension and genotype at the alpah2c10 locus in the total group or in blacks, but there was significant association in whites (chi2 = 6.7, P = .03). These data suggest that the beta2- and alph2c10-adrenergic receptor genes may contribute, in a race-specific manner, to the inheritance of essential hypertension. Linkage studies in related individuals are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Svetkey
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Brown P, Seigfried J, Nader L, Chen T, Szabo E, Sabichi A, Preis L, Birrer M. Effects of a dominant-negative inhibitor of c-jun in lung cancer cell lines. Lung Cancer 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0169-5002(94)90669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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