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Zheng Y, Ji S, Li X, Wen L. Qijia rougan formula ameliorates ECM deposition in hepatic fibrosis by regulating the JAK1/STAT6-microRNA-23a feedback loop in macrophage M2 polarization. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115794. [PMID: 37922651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the critical pathological stage in the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no approved anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs are available currently. Qijia Rougan Formula (QRF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with significant clinical efficacy on hepatic fibrosis. It was derived from Sanjiasan, a famous decoction documented in the Book of Treatise on the Pestilence in the Ming Dynasty of China. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. This study further confirmed the therapeutic effects of QRF on hepatic fibrosis and dissected its underlying molecular mechanisms from the perspective of macrophage M2 polarization, one of the critical events in hepatic fibrosis. Experimentally, QRF significantly improved extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and fibrosis in the liver of model rats. QRF diminished the proportion of M2 macrophages, decreased the levels of TGF-β, PDGFB and IL-10, and regulated the expression of p-JAK1, p-STAT6, JAK1 and microRNA-23a both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, it was confirmed that QRF effectively improves liver function and hepatocyte damage, and reduces ECM deposition. QRF ameliorates hepatic fibrosis by regulating JAK1/STAT6-microRNA-23a negative feedback loop to inhibit macrophage M2 polarization and thus reduce ECM deposition. Our study illustrates the potential of QRF for hepatic fibrosis therapy, suggesting that QRF is a promising anti-hepatic fibrosis drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zheng
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoxiu Ji
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wen
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Li QY, Gong T, Huang YK, Kang L, Warner CA, Xie H, Chen LM, Duan XQ. Role of noncoding RNAs in liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1446-1459. [PMID: 36998425 PMCID: PMC10044853 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i9.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response following chronic liver injury caused by hepatitis virus infection, obesity, or excessive alcohol. It is a dynamic and reversible process characterized by the activation of hepatic stellate cells and excess accumulation of extracellular matrix. Advanced fibrosis could lead to cirrhosis and even liver cancer, which has become a significant health burden worldwide. Many studies have revealed that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs, are involved in the pathogenesis and development of liver fibrosis by regulating signaling pathways including transforming growth factor-β pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. NcRNAs in serum or exosomes have been reported to tentatively applied in the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis and combined with elastography to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. NcRNAs mimics, ncRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, and lipid nanoparticles-encapsulated ncRNAs have become promising therapeutic approaches for the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we update the latest knowledge on ncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis, and discuss the potentials and challenges to use these ncRNAs for diagnosis, staging and treatment of liver fibrosis. All these will help us to develop a comprehensive understanding of the role of ncRNAs in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi-Ke Huang
- Center for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lan Kang
- Center for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Charlotte A Warner
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - He Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi’an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Min Chen
- Center for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi’an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Duan
- Center for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan Province, China
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3
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Bao L, Chu Y, Kang H. SNAI1-activated long non-coding RNA LINC01711 promotes hepatic fibrosis cell proliferation and migration by regulating XYLT1. Genomics 2023; 115:110597. [PMID: 36871637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the result of the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) that cannot be cleared. Bioinformatic analysis showed that LINC01711 was significantly overexpressed in hepatic fibrosis. The regulatory mechanism of LINC01711 was clarified and confirmed the transcription factors associated with LINC01711. Functionally, LINC01711 promoted LX-2 cell proliferation and migration, indicating that it exerts effects promoting the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Mechanistically, LINC01711 increased the expression of xylosyltransferase 1 (XYLT1), which is an important protein for constructing the ECM. We also confirmed that SNAI1 activated LINC01711 transcription. Taking these findings together, LINC01711 was induced by SNAI1 and promoted the proliferation and migration of LX-2 cells via XYLT1. This study will help to understand the function of LINC01711 and its regulatory mechanism in hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hui Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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4
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Qiao X, Ding Y, Wu D, Zhang A, Yin Y, Wang Q, Wang W, Kang J. The roles of long noncoding RNA-mediated macrophage polarization in respiratory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1110774. [PMID: 36685535 PMCID: PMC9849253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an essential role in maintaining the normal function of the innate and adaptive immune responses during host defence. Macrophages acquire diverse functional phenotypes in response to various microenvironmental stimuli, and are mainly classified into classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Macrophage polarization participates in the inflammatory, fibrotic, and oncogenic processes of diverse respiratory diseases by changing phenotype and function. In recent decades, with the advent of broad-range profiling methods such as microarrays and next-generation sequencing, the discovery of RNA transcripts that do not encode proteins termed "noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs)" has become more easily accessible. As one major member of the regulatory ncRNA family, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs, transcripts >200 nucleotides) participate in multiple pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and vary with different stimulants and cell types. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs account for the regulation of macrophage polarization and subsequent effects on respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current published literature from the PubMed database concerning lncRNAs relevant to macrophage polarization and the underlying molecular mechanisms during the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases. These differentially expressed lncRNAs are expected to be biomarkers and targets for the therapeutic regulation of macrophage polarization during disease development.
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5
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and non-coding RNAs: Regulatory and therapeutic role in liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114040. [PMID: 36423545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease has become a major health problem worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, a large body of literature has shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) are able to play similar physiological roles as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). More importantly, there is no immune rejection caused by transplanted cells and the risk of tumor formation, which has become a new strategy for the treatment of various liver diseases. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are the main effectors by which they exert hepatoprotective effects. Therefore, by searching the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and CNKI, this review comprehensively reviewed the therapeutic effects of MSC-Exo and ncRNAs in liver diseases, including liver injury, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. According to the data, the therapeutic effects of MSC-Exo and ncRNAs on liver diseases are closely related to a variety of molecular mechanisms, including inhibition of inflammatory response, alleviation of liver oxidative stress, inhibition of apoptosis of hepatocytes and endothelial cells, promotion of angiogenesis, blocking the cell cycle of hepatocellular carcinoma, and inhibition of activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells. These important findings will provide a direction and basis for us to explore the potential of MSC-Exo and ncRNAs in the clinical treatment of liver diseases in the future.
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6
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Chan KK, Au K, Fung W, Wong C, Chan AC, Lo RC. Sex-specific analysis of microRNA profiles in HBV-associated cirrhosis by small RNA-sequencing. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3473-3486. [PMID: 36166204 PMCID: PMC9701490 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis represents an advanced stage of chronic liver disease and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and risk of cancer development. While sex disparity of liver diseases has been observed, understanding at a genetic level awaits more thorough investigation. In this study, we performed a sex-specific analysis of the microRNA (miR) profiles in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cirrhosis by small RNA-sequencing using clinical tissue samples. Potential associated signaling pathways, downstream gene targets, and upstream regulators were highlighted by computational prediction analyses based on the differentially expressed miRs (DEmiRs). From our results, deregulation of miRs in cirrhosis showed a marked difference between males and females by the degree and pattern. Sixty-five (64 up-regulated, 1 down-regulated) and 12 (6 up-regulated, 6 down-regulated) DEmiRs were found in males and females, respectively, when compared with their respective control group. A number of DEmiRs were only observed in one sex but not the other. In addition, 26 DEmiRs were identified between cirrhosis female and cirrhosis male groups. Fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, p53 signaling, Hippo signaling, tumor necrosis factor signaling, the forkhead box O signaling, as well as gene targets ribosomal protein S27 like, methyl CpG binding protein 2, and estrogen receptor 1, may contribute to the pathogenesis and biological behavior of cirrhosis in a sex-specific manner. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas data set suggested a role of sex-specific DEmiRs in multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. Conclusion: Our findings illustrate that miR profiles in HBV-associated cirrhosis are distinct between the males and females and suggest a potential role of sex-specific biomarkers and molecular mechanisms in disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Kwan‐Shuen Chan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Kwan‐Yung Au
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Wai‐Ching Fung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Cheuk‐Yan Wong
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Albert Chi‐Yan Chan
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong)Hong KongChina
| | - Regina Cheuk‐Lam Lo
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong)Hong KongChina
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7
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Ru L, Wang XM, Niu JQ. The miR-23-27-24 cluster: an emerging target in NAFLD pathogenesis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1167-1179. [PMID: 34893685 PMCID: PMC9061717 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally, being the most widespread form of chronic liver disease in the west. NAFLD includes a variety of disease states, the mildest being non-alcoholic fatty liver that gradually progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Small non-coding single-stranded microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the miRNA or translational level. Numerous miRNAs have been shown to promote NAFLD pathogenesis and progression through increasing lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation. The miR-23-27-24 clusters, composed of miR-23a-27a-24-2 and miR-23b-27b-24-1, have been implicated in various biological processes as well as many diseases. Herein, we review the current knowledge on miR-27, miR-24, and miR-23 in NAFLD pathogenesis and discuss their potential significance in NAFLD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ru
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Xiao-mei Wang
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China ,grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Jun-qi Niu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China ,grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
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8
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Nie K, Liu L, Peng L, Zhang M, Zhang C, Xiao B, Xia Z, Huang W. Effects of Meranzin Hydrate On the LncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in the Hippocampus of a Rat Model of Depression. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:910-922. [PMID: 35099722 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Meranzin hydrate (MH) is a frequently used antidepressant drug in China; however it underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore whether MH could ameliorate depression-like behavior in rats by regulating the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. We developed a depression-like rat model using an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol, and the differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were identified between the model group and MH group. Then, a ceRNA network responding to MH treatment was constructed by their corresponding relationships in the databases. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted to explore molecular mechanisms associated with MH treatment. The study indicated that rats in the model group showed loss of weight and deteriorated behavior in behavior tests compared with rats in the normal group. A total of 826 lncRNAs, 121 miRNAs, and 954 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the hippocampus of UCMS rats after MH treatment. In addition, 13 miRNAs were selected, and 12 of them were validated in the hippocampus by qRT-PCR. Then, we predicted upstream lncRNAs and downstream mRNAs of the validated miRNAs and interacted with the results of microarrays. Eventually, a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, responding to MH treatment, was constructed based on the 314 lncRNAs, 11 miRNAs, and 221 mRNAs. KEGG pathways suggested that these genes may be highly related to Wnt signaling, axon guidance, and MAPK signaling pathways. All these results suggest that MH may be a potential representative compound for the treatment of depression, and its mechanism of action is related to the ceRNA modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechao Nie
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Internal Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410001, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, Hunan, China
| | - Luqi Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zian Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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9
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Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible wound healing process following liver injury. Although this process is necessary for maintaining liver integrity, severe excessive extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM) could lead to permanent scar formation and destroy the liver structure. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key event in hepatic fibrosis. Previous studies show that most antifibrotic therapies focus on the apoptosis of HSCs and the prevention of HSC activation. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a substantial role in HSC activation and are likely to be biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. This review summarizes and discusses the previously reported ncRNAs, including the microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, highlighting their regulatory roles and interactions in the signaling pathways that regulate HSC activation in hepatic fibrosis.
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Zhao H, Feng YL, Liu T, Wang JJ, Yu J. MicroRNAs in organ fibrosis: From molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutic targets. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153588. [PMID: 34419718 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is caused by chronic tissue injury and characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that ultimately results in organ failure and death. Owing to lacking of effective treatment against tissue fibrosis, it causes a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thus, it is of great importance to find an effective therapy strategy for the treatment of fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in many biological processes by targeting downstream genes. Numerous studies demonstrated that miRNAs served as biomarkers of various diseases, suggesting the potential therapeutic targets for diseases. It was recently reported that miRNAs played an important role in the development of organ fibrosis, which showed a promising prospect against fibrosis by targeting intervention. Here, we summarize the roles of miRNAs in the process of organ fibrosis, including liver, lung, heart and kidney, and highlight miRNAs being novel therapeutic targets for organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China; Xi'an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptids, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China; Xi'an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptids, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Weinan Linwei District Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Service Center, No.144 Dongfeng Road Weinan, Shannxi 714000, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China; Xi'an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptids, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China.
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11
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Luo L, Yan C, Fuchi N, Kodama Y, Zhang X, Shinji G, Miura K, Sasaki H, Li TS. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as probable triggers of radiation-induced heart disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:422. [PMID: 34294160 PMCID: PMC8296737 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced heart disease has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also residing in the heart, are highly susceptible to radiation. We examined the hypothesis that the altered secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs is the trigger of radiation-induced heart disease. METHODS By exposing human placental tissue-derived MSCs to 5 Gy γ-rays, we then isolated EVs from the culture medium 48 h later and evaluated the changes in quantity and quality of EVs from MSCs after radiation exposure. The biological effects of EVs from irradiated MSCs on HUVECs and H9c2 cells were also examined. RESULTS Although the amount and size distribution of EVs did not differ between the nonirradiated and irradiated MSCs, miRNA sequences indicated many upregulated or downregulated miRNAs in irradiated MSCs EVs. In vitro experiments using HUVEC and H9c2 cells showed that irradiated MSC-EVs decreased cell proliferation (P < 0.01), but increased cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Moreover, irradiated MSC-EVs impaired the HUVEC tube formation and induced calcium overload in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSIONS EVs released from irradiated MSCs show altered miRNA profiles and harmful effects on heart cells, which provides new insight into the mechanism of radiation-related heart disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoki Fuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Kodama
- Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Goto Shinji
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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12
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He T, Zhang X, Hao J, Ding S. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog in Non-neoplastic Digestive Disease: More Than Just Tumor Suppressor. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684529. [PMID: 34140896 PMCID: PMC8204087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, which acts through its unique protein phosphatase and lipid phosphatase activity. PTEN protein is widely distributed and exhibits complex biological functions and regulatory modes. It is involved in the regulation of cell morphology, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration through a variety of signaling pathways. The role of PTEN in malignant tumors of the digestive system is well documented. Recent studies have indicated that PTEN may be closely related to many other benign processes in digestive organs. Emerging evidence suggests that PTEN is a potential therapeutic target in the context of several non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract. The recent discovery of PTEN isoforms is expected to help unravel more biological effects of PTEN in non-neoplastic digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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