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Pamart G, Gosset P, Le Rouzic O, Pichavant M, Poulain-Godefroy O. Kynurenine Pathway in Respiratory Diseases. Int J Tryptophan Res 2024; 17:11786469241232871. [PMID: 38495475 PMCID: PMC10943758 DOI: 10.1177/11786469241232871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway is the primary route for tryptophan catabolism and has received increasing attention as its association with inflammation and the immune system has become more apparent. This review provides a broad overview of the kynurenine pathway in respiratory diseases, from the initial observations to the characterization of the different cell types involved in the synthesis of kynurenine metabolites and the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms. With a focus on respiratory infections, the various attempts to characterize the kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) ratio as an inflammatory marker are reviewed. Its implication in chronic lung inflammation and its exacerbation by respiratory pathogens is also discussed. The emergence of preclinical interventional studies targeting the kynurenine pathway opens the way for the future development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pamart
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Le Rouzic
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Odile Poulain-Godefroy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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Zinellu A, Mangoni AA. Arginine, Transsulfuration, and Folic Acid Pathway Metabolomics in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cells 2023; 12:2180. [PMID: 37681911 PMCID: PMC10486395 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in biomarkers of nitric oxide dysregulation and oxidative stress to guide management and identify new therapeutic targets in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between circulating metabolites within the arginine (arginine, citrulline, ornithine, asymmetric, ADMA, and symmetric, SDMA dimethylarginine), transsulfuration (methionine, homocysteine, and cysteine) and folic acid (folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) metabolic pathways and COPD. We searched electronic databases from inception to 30 June 2023 and assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence. In 21 eligible studies, compared to healthy controls, patients with stable COPD had significantly lower methionine (standardized mean difference, SMD = -0.50, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.05, p = 0.029) and folic acid (SMD = -0.37, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.09, p = 0.009), and higher homocysteine (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.07, p < 0.001) and cysteine concentrations (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.66, p = 0.038). Additionally, COPD was associated with significantly higher ADMA (SMD = 1.27, 95% CI 0.08 to 2.46, p = 0.037), SDMA (SMD = 3.94, 95% CI 0.79 to 7.08, p = 0.014), and ornithine concentrations (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.22, p = 0.015). In subgroup analysis, the SMD of homocysteine was significantly associated with the biological matrix assessed and the forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity ratio, but not with age, study location, or analytical method used. Our study suggests that the presence of significant alterations in metabolites within the arginine, transsulfuration, and folic acid pathways can be useful for assessing nitric oxide dysregulation and oxidative stress and identifying novel treatment targets in COPD. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023448036.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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3
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Jiang S, Chen Y. The role of sulfur compounds in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:928287. [PMID: 36339716 PMCID: PMC9626809 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.928287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease that brings about great social and economic burden, with oxidative stress and inflammation affecting the whole disease progress. Sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), thiols, and persulfides/polysulfides have intrinsic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability, which is engaged in the pathophysiological process of COPD. Hydrogen sulfide mainly exhibits its function by S-sulfidation of the cysteine residue of the targeted proteins. It also interacts with nitric oxide and acts as a potential biomarker for the COPD phenotype. Thiols’ redox buffer such as the glutathione redox couple is a major non-enzymatic redox buffer reflecting the oxidative stress in the organism. The disturbance of redox buffers was often detected in patients with COPD, and redressing the balance could delay COPD exacerbation. Sulfane sulfur refers to a divalent sulfur atom bonded with another sulfur atom. Among them, persulfides and polysulfides have an evolutionarily conserved modification with antiaging effects. Sulfur compounds and their relative signaling pathways are also associated with the development of comorbidities in COPD. Synthetic compounds which can release H2S and persulfides in the organism have gradually been developed. Naturally extracted sulfur compounds with pharmacological effects also aroused great interest. This study discussed the biological functions and mechanisms of sulfur compounds in regulating COPD and its comorbidities.
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Krämer J, Kang R, Grimm LM, De Cola L, Picchetti P, Biedermann F. Molecular Probes, Chemosensors, and Nanosensors for Optical Detection of Biorelevant Molecules and Ions in Aqueous Media and Biofluids. Chem Rev 2022; 122:3459-3636. [PMID: 34995461 PMCID: PMC8832467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors used in combination with innovative assay protocols hold great potential for the development of robust, low-cost, and fast-responding sensors that are applicable in biofluids (urine, blood, and saliva). Particularly, the development of sensors for metabolites, neurotransmitters, drugs, and inorganic ions is highly desirable due to a lack of suitable biosensors. In addition, the monitoring and analysis of metabolic and signaling networks in cells and organisms by optical probes and chemosensors is becoming increasingly important in molecular biology and medicine. Thus, new perspectives for personalized diagnostics, theranostics, and biochemical/medical research will be unlocked when standing limitations of artificial binders and receptors are overcome. In this review, we survey synthetic sensing systems that have promising (future) application potential for the detection of small molecules, cations, and anions in aqueous media and biofluids. Special attention was given to sensing systems that provide a readily measurable optical signal through dynamic covalent chemistry, supramolecular host-guest interactions, or nanoparticles featuring plasmonic effects. This review shall also enable the reader to evaluate the current performance of molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors in terms of sensitivity and selectivity with respect to practical requirement, and thereby inspiring new ideas for the development of further advanced systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Krämer
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Rui Kang
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Laura M. Grimm
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Dipartimento
DISFARM, University of Milano, via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierre Picchetti
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- P.P.: email,
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- F.B.: email,
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Taniguchi A, Tsuge M, Miyahara N, Tsukahara H. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidative Defense in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101537. [PMID: 34679673 PMCID: PMC8533053 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to the destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema) and declining pulmonary function. It is increasingly obvious that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) contribute to the progression and amplification of the inflammatory responses related to this disease. First, we described the association between cigarette smoking, the most representative exogenous oxidant, and COPD and then presented the multiple pathophysiological aspects of ROS and antioxidative defense systems in the development and progression of COPD. Second, the relationship between nitric oxide system (endothelial) dysfunction and oxidative stress has been discussed. Third, we have provided data on the use of these biomarkers in the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in COPD and its progression and presented an overview of oxidative stress biomarkers having clinical applications in respiratory medicine, including those in exhaled breath, as per recent observations. Finally, we explained the findings of recent clinical and experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of antioxidative interventions for COPD. Future breakthroughs in antioxidative therapy may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Mitsuru Tsuge
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Academic Field of Health Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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Marszalek-Grabska M, Walczak K, Gawel K, Wicha-Komsta K, Wnorowska S, Wnorowski A, Turski WA. Kynurenine emerges from the shadows – Current knowledge on its fate and function. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sharma A, Tewari D, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Habtemariam S. Reactive oxygen species modulators in pulmonary medicine. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:157-164. [PMID: 33743400 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adapted to effectively capture oxygen from inhaled air and deliver it to all other parts of the body, the lungs constitute the organ with the largest surface area. This makes the lungs more susceptible to airborne pathogens and pollutants that mediate pathologies through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One pathological consequence of excessive levels of ROS production is pulmonary diseases that account for a large number of mortality and morbidity in the world. Of the various mechanisms involved in pulmonary disease pathogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction takes prominent importance. Herein, we briefly describe the significance of oxidative stress caused by ROS in pulmonary diseases and some possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1435916471, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1435916471, Iran
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
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Sotgia S, Fois AG, Paliogiannis P, Carru C, Mangoni AA, Zinellu A. Methodological Fallacies in the Determination of Serum/Plasma Glutathione Limit Its Translational Potential in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061572. [PMID: 33809301 PMCID: PMC8000559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to review and critically appraise the current methodological issues undermining the suitability of the measurement of serum/plasma glutathione, both in the total and reduced form, as a measure of systemic oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fourteen relevant articles published between 2001 and 2020, in 2003 subjects, 1111 COPD patients, and 892 controls, were reviewed. Nine studies, in 902 COPD patients and 660 controls, measured glutathione (GSH) in the reduced form (rGSH), while the remaining five, in 209 COPD patients and 232 controls, measured total GSH (tGSH). In the control group, tGSH ranged between 5.7 and 7.5 µmol/L, whilst in COPD patients, it ranged between 4.5 and 7.4 µmol/L. The mean tGSH was 6.6 ± 0.9 µmol/L in controls and 5.9 ± 1.4 µmol/L in patients. The concentrations of rGSH in the control group showed a wide range, between 0.47 and 415 µmol/L, and a mean value of 71.9 ± 143.1 µmol/L. Similarly, the concentrations of rGSH in COPD patients ranged between 0.49 and 279 µmol/L, with a mean value of 49.9 ± 95.9 µmol/L. Pooled tGSH concentrations were not significantly different between patients and controls (standard mean difference (SMD) = -1.92, 95% CI -1582 to 0.0219; p = 0.057). Depending on whether the mean concentrations of rGSH in controls were within the accepted normal range of 0.5-5.0 µmol/L, pooled rGSH concentrations showed either a significant (SMD = -3.8, 95% CI -2.266 to -0.709; p < 0.0001) or nonsignificant (SMD = -0.712, 95% CI -0.627 to 0.293; p = 0.48) difference. These results illustrate the existing and largely unaddressed methodological issues in the interpretation of the serum/plasma concentrations of tGSH and rGSH in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.P.); (C.C.); (A.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-229775; Fax: +39-079-228120
| | - Alessandro G. Fois
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Sassari (AOU-SS), 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.P.); (C.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.P.); (C.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.P.); (C.C.); (A.Z.)
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Blood Glutathione Redox State in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111146. [PMID: 33218130 PMCID: PMC7698942 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the blood concentrations of the total and reduced forms of the low-molecular-weight antioxidant thiol glutathione (GSH) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in comparison to healthy individuals. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception until June 2020. In the 18 studies identified (involving a total of 974 COPD patients and 631 healthy controls), the pooled reduced GSH concentrations were significantly lower in patients with COPD than controls (SMD = -3.04, 95% CI = -4.42 to -1.67; p < 0.001). By contrast, the pooled total GSH concentrations were significantly higher in patients with COPD than controls (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.73; p = 0.009). Our meta-analysis showed that the blood concentrations of reduced GSH, even in the presence of higher total GSH concentrations, were significantly lower in patients with COPD when compared to healthy controls. This suggests that an impaired antioxidant defense system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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The Role of Glutathione in Protecting against the Severe Inflammatory Response Triggered by COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070624. [PMID: 32708578 PMCID: PMC7402141 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the world’s population differently: mostly in the presence of conditions such as aging, diabetes and hypertension the virus triggers a lethal cytokine storm and patients die from acute respiratory distress syndrome, whereas in many cases the disease has a mild or even asymptomatic progression. A common denominator in all conditions associated with COVID-19 appears to be the impaired redox homeostasis responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; therefore, levels of glutathione (GSH), the key anti-oxidant guardian in all tissues, could be critical in extinguishing the exacerbated inflammation that triggers organ failure in COVID-19. The present review provides a biochemical investigation of the mechanisms leading to deadly inflammation in severe COVID-19, counterbalanced by GSH. The pathways competing for GSH are described to illustrate the events concurring to cause a depletion of endogenous GSH stocks. Drawing on evidence from literature that demonstrates the reduced levels of GSH in the main conditions clinically associated with severe disease, we highlight the relevance of restoring GSH levels in the attempt to protect the most vulnerable subjects from severe symptoms of COVID-19. Finally, we discuss the current data about the feasibility of increasing GSH levels, which could be used to prevent and subdue the disease.
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