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Zhou BJ, Jiang CQ, Jin YL, Au Yeung SL, Lam TH, Cheng KK, Zhang WS, Xu L. Association of oral health with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older Chinese adults: A 14-year follow-up of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04111. [PMID: 38968002 PMCID: PMC11225964 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Poor oral hygiene is associated with overall wellness, but evidence regarding associations of oral health with all-cause mortality remain inconclusive. We aimed to examine the associations of oral health with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Methods 28 006 participants were recruited from 2003-2008 and followed up until 2021. Oral health was assessed by face-to-face interview and causes of death was identified via record linkage. Cox regression yielded hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustment of multiple potential confounders. Results During an average of 14.3 years of follow-up, we found that a lower frequency of toothbrushing was associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality with a dose-response pattern (P for trend <0.001). Specially, the adjusted HR (95% CI) (vs. ≥ twice/d) was 1.16 (1.10, 1.22) (P < 0.001) for brushing once/d and 1.27 (1.00, 1.61) (P = 0.048) for < once/d. Similar associations were also found for cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and respiratory disease mortality, but not for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cancer mortality. A greater number of missing teeth was also associated with higher risks of all-cause, CVD, stroke, and respiratory disease mortality with a dose-response pattern (all P for trend <0.05). The association of missing teeth with all-cause mortality was stronger in lower-educated participants. Conclusions Both less frequent toothbrushing and a greater number of missing teeth were associated with higher risks of all-cause, CVD, stroke, and respiratory disease mortality, showing dose-response patterns, but not with IHD and cancer mortality. Moreover, the dose-response association of missing teeth with all-cause mortality was stronger in lower-educated participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Jing Zhou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Great Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macao, China
| | - Chao Qiang Jiang
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Center, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Great Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macao, China
| | - Ya Li Jin
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Center, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Great Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macao, China
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Center, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Great Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macao, China
| | - Kar Keung Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wei Sen Zhang
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Center, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Great Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macao, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Great Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macao, China
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Yano Y, Abnet CC, Roshandel G, Graf A, Poustchi H, Khoshnia M, Pourshams A, Kamangar F, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Dawsey SM, Vogtmann E, Malekzadeh R, Etemadi A. Dental health and lung cancer risk in the Golestan Cohort Study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:74. [PMID: 38218793 PMCID: PMC10787979 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor oral health has been linked to various systemic diseases, including multiple cancer types, but studies of its association with lung cancer have been inconclusive. METHODS We examined the relationship between dental status and lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Golestan Cohort Study, a large, prospective cohort of 50,045 adults in northeastern Iran. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between three dental health measures (i.e., number of missing teeth; the sum of decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT); and toothbrushing frequency) and lung cancer incidence or mortality with adjustment for multiple potential confounders, including cigarette smoking and opium use. We created tertiles of the number of lost teeth/DMFT score in excess of the loess adjusted, age- and sex-specific predicted numbers, with subjects with the expected number of lost teeth/DMFT or fewer as the reference group. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 14 years, there were 119 incident lung cancer cases and 98 lung cancer deaths. Higher DMFT scores were associated with a progressively increased risk of lung cancer (linear trend, p = 0.011). Compared with individuals with the expected DMFT score or less, the HRs were 1.27 (95% CI: 0.73, 2.22), 2.15 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.43), and 1.52 (95% CI: 0.81, 2.84) for the first to the third tertiles of DMFT, respectively. The highest tertile of tooth loss also had an increased risk of lung cancer, with a HR of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.70) compared with subjects with the expected number of lost teeth or fewer (linear trend, p = 0.043). The results were similar for lung cancer mortality and did not change substantially when the analysis was restricted to never users of cigarettes or opium. We found no associations between toothbrushing frequency and lung cancer incidence or mortality. CONCLUSION Poor dental health indicated by tooth loss or DMFT, but not lack of toothbrushing, was associated with increased lung cancer incidence and mortality in this rural Middle Eastern population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yano
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Akua Graf
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Hui Y, Tu C, Liu D, Zhang H, Gong X. Risk factors for gastric cancer: A comprehensive analysis of observational studies. Front Public Health 2023; 10:892468. [PMID: 36684855 PMCID: PMC9845896 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.892468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multifarious factors have a causal relationship with gastric cancer (GC) development. We conducted a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the strength of the evidence examining non-genetic risk factors for gastric cancer. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to November 10, 2021 to identify meta-analyses of observational studies examining the association between environmental factors and GC risk. For each meta-analysis, the random effect size, 95% confidence interval, heterogeneity among studies, and evidence of publication bias were assessed; moreover, the evidence was graded using predefined criteria, and the methodological quality was evaluated using AMSTAR 2. Results A total of 137 associations were examined in 76 articles. Among these meta-analyses, 93 associations yielded significant estimates (p < 0.05). Only 10 associations had strong epidemiologic evidence, including 2 risk factors (waist circumference and bacon), and 8 protective factors (dietary total antioxidant capacity, vegetable fat, cruciferous vegetable, cabbage, total vitamin, vitamin A, vitamin C, and years of fertility); 26 associations had moderate quality of evidence; and the remaining 57 associations were rated as weak. Ninety-four (68.61%) associations showed significant heterogeneity. Twenty-five (18.25%) associations demonstrated publication bias. Conclusions In this comprehensive analysis, multiple associations were found between environmental factors and GC with varying levels of evidence. Healthy dietary habits and lifestyle patterns could reduce the risk for GC. However, further high-quality prospective studies are still necessary to draw more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaobing Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Cardiovascular and cancer risk factors analysis for 2001–2020 from the global research output and European newspapers. Scientometrics 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-022-04465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are now two of the leading components of the global burden of disease, especially in high- and upper-middle-income countries. Causes of the diseases that are amenable to intervention are multiple: tobacco control closely followed by obesity treatment, including promotion of a healthy diet and physical exercise, remain the global priorities. We interrogated the Web of Science (WoS) from 2001 to 2020 to determine the numbers of papers describing research into 14 different possible risk factors causing the two diseases. These ranged in relative importance from tobacco and being overweight to the consumption of excessively hot drinks (linked to oesophageal cancer), pollution (linked to lung cancer particularly) and also non-interventional genetic risks. The risks varied between different continental regions, and obesity has increased as a risk factor for CVD in some of these regions. Because many of these factors are subject to human behavioural choices, we also investigated how such research was being presented to the European public through newspaper reportage. About 40% of the factors that influence the cancer burden can be attributed to particular causes, and more than 85% of those factors influencing CVD can also be so attributed. They are led by tobacco use as a risk factor for cancer, but this is slowly declining in most high-income settings. For CVD, the major risks are metabolic, such as high systolic blood pressure and high body-mass index, but also from tobacco use. Research outputs on some of these different factors in the continental regions correlated positively with their influence on the disease burdens. The selection of European newspaper stories was biased towards those risk factors that could be considered as being under the control of their readers. Reports of research in the mass media have an important role in the control of both cancer and CVD, and should be regarded by public health authorities as a useful means to promulgate health education. This paper is based on one presented at the ISSI conference in Leuven in July 2021 (Pallari and Lewison, in: Glänzel et al (eds) Proceedings of the 18th international conference on scientometrics and informetrics, 2021), but has been extended to cover CVD as well as cancer. The geographical analysis of risk factors and research publications has also been modified.
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Man J, Ni Y, Yang X, Zhang T, Yuan Z, Chen H, Chen X, Lu M, Ye W. Healthy Lifestyle Factors, Cancer Family History, and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in China. Front Nutr 2022; 8:774530. [PMID: 35004808 PMCID: PMC8727865 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.774530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to explore the relationship between lifestyle factors, cancer family history, and gastric cancer risk. Methods: We examined the association between lifestyle factors, cancer family history, and gastric cancer risk based on a population-based case-control study in Taixing, China, with 870 cases and 1928 controls. A lifestyle score was constructed considering body shape, smoking, alcohol drinking, tooth brushing habit, and food storage method. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Compared with participants with a lifestyle score of 0, subjects with a lifestyle score of 1 (OR 0.59, 95%CI 0.43–0.83), 2 (OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.30–0.59), 3 (OR 0.29, 95%CI 0.20–0.41), 4 (OR 0.20, 95%CI 0.13–0.32), or 5 (OR 0.10, 95%CI 0.04–0.22) had a lower risk of gastric cancer (P for trend < 0.001). Overall, 34% of gastric cancer cases (95%CI 27–41%) can be attributed to non-compliance with ≥3 healthy lifestyle. Family history of early-onset cancer is closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer, with an OR ranging from 1.77 to 3.27. Regardless of family history, a good lifestyle is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer, with an OR value between 0.38 and 0.70. Conclusions: The early-onset cancer family history is closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer and a good lifestyle is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer regardless of family history. Our results provide a basis for identifying and providing behavior guidance of high-risk groups of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingchun Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Zhang T, Chen H, Zhang Y, Yin X, Man J, Yang X, Lu M. Global changing trends in incidence and mortality of gastric cancer by age and sex, 1990-2019: Findings from Global Burden of Disease Study. J Cancer 2021; 12:6695-6705. [PMID: 34659559 PMCID: PMC8517992 DOI: 10.7150/jca.62734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The global disease burden of gastric cancer (GC) is still heavy. Understanding the patterns and trends of the global GC burden is important for developing precise prevention strategies. Materials and Methods: The data of GC burden were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study (2019). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to estimate the temporal trends of the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR) of global GC by age-specific groups (15-49, 50-69, and ≥70 years), sexes, socio-demographic indexes (SDIs), regions, and countries. Results: In 2019, the ASIR and ASMR of global GC increased with age in both sexes, and reached a peak in the older 70 age group. The ASIR and ASMR in males were higher than those in females. From 1990 to 2019, the global number of GC incident cases increased in both sexes in all age-specific groups; while the ASIR of GC decreased, and the most significant decrease was observed in the 50-69 age group [males: EAPC=-1.34, 95% CI: (-1.49, -1.18); females: EAPC= -2.09, 95% CI: (-2.22, -1.96)]. During the study period, downward trends in ASIR of GC were observed in both sexes in most SDI regions, GBD regions, and countries. Similar trends in ASMR of GC were also observed. Conclusion: The global GC incidence and mortality rates decreased from 1990 to 2019 in both sexes, most GBD regions, and most countries. However, the GC burden was still heavy in some GBD regions and countries in special age-specific groups. It is important to formulate and implement tertiary prevention strategies based on the GC burden of age-specific groups in different regions and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongchao Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyu Man
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Socio-Economic Disparities in Access to Diagnostic Neuroimaging Services in the United Kingdom: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010633. [PMID: 34682379 PMCID: PMC8535632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Socio-economic factors affecting health care can lead to delays in diagnosis of neurological conditions, consequentially affecting treatment and morbidity rates. This inequality in health care can leave patients from lower socio-economic backgrounds more vulnerable to a poorer quality of care from health care providers in the United Kingdom (U.K.). Aims: In this systematic review, we assess the impact of socio-economic status on the use of diagnostic neuroimaging in the U.K., measured by the timeliness, accessibility and appropriate use of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, electroencephalography (EEG) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We specifically evaluate the non-surgical use of neuroimaging techniques as this relies on the judgment of primary care-givers (e.g., doctors and radiologists), where health disparities are most common. This study includes the analysis of diagnostic imaging used for dementia, minor head injury, stroke, cancer, epilepsy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and Parkinson’s disease. With this study, we aim to assess the health inequalities at disease diagnosis. Methods: Using Medline (via Ovid), PubMed and Web of Science databases as sources of information, we critically appraise existing studies on neuroimaging use in the U.K. health care system, published between January 2010 and February 2021. Findings: A total of 18 studies were included in this research, revealing that there was an increase in patients of Black and Asian communities diagnosed with dementia and at an earlier age. There was little evidence to suggest that a lack of access to diagnostic imaging is associated with socio-economic status. However, there are data to suggest that people of a lower socio-economic background require more specialist services with diagnostic neuroimaging tools. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that diagnostic neuroimaging techniques could be utilised more effectively by health care workers to prevent unnecessary delays in diagnosis for patients in lower socio-economic areas.
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Yano Y, Etemadi A, Abnet CC. Microbiome and Cancers of the Esophagus: A Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1764. [PMID: 34442842 PMCID: PMC8398938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignant disease ranking amongst the leading causes of cancer deaths in the world. The two main histologic subtypes, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), have distinct geographic and temporal patterns and risk factor profiles. Despite decades of research, the factors underlying these geo-temporal patterns are still not fully understood. The human microbiome has recently been implicated in various health conditions and disease, and it is possible that the microbiome may play an important role in the etiology of EC. Although studies of the microbiome and EC are still in their early stages, we review our current understanding of the potential links between ESCC, EAC, and bacterial communities in the oral cavity and esophagus. We also provide a summary of the epidemiology of EC and highlight some key challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yano
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.E.); (C.C.A.)
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