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Frago LM, Burgos-Ramos E, Rodríguez-Pérez M, Canelles S, Arilla-Ferreiro E, Argente J, López MG, Barrios V. Reduction in Hippocampal Amyloid-β Peptide (Aβ) Content during Glycine-Proline-Glutamate (Gly-Pro-Glu) Co-Administration Is Associated with Changes in Inflammation and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5716. [PMID: 38891902 PMCID: PMC11172028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition in the brain of senile plaques composed of amyloid-β peptides (Aβs) that increase inflammation. An endogenous peptide derived from the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE), has IGF-I-sensitizing and neuroprotective actions. Here, we examined the effects of GPE on Aβ levels and hippocampal inflammation generated by the intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ25-35 for 2 weeks (300 pmol/day) in ovariectomized rats and the signaling-related pathways and levels of Aβ-degrading enzymes associated with these GPE-related effects. GPE prevented the Aβ-induced increase in the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the reduction in activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, insulin receptor substrate-1, and Akt, as well as on interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-13 levels in the hippocampus. The functionality of somatostatin, measured as the percentage of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and the levels of insulin-degrading enzyme, was also preserved by GPE co-treatment. These findings indicate that GPE co-administration may protect from Aβ insult by changing hippocampal cytokine content and somatostatin functionality through regulation of leptin- and IGF-I-signaling pathways that could influence the reduction in Aβ levels through modulation of levels and/or activity of Aβ proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Frago
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Research Institute “La Princesa”, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Biochemistry Area, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain; (E.B.-R.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - María Rodríguez-Pérez
- Biochemistry Area, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain; (E.B.-R.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Research Institute “La Princesa”, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Arilla-Ferreiro
- Department of Biological Systems, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Jesús Argente
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Research Institute “La Princesa”, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA, Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSI, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G. López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Research Institute “La Princesa”, E-28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Research Institute “La Princesa”, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009 Madrid, Spain
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Yoshimoto K, Maki K, Adachi T, Kamei KI. Cyclic Stretching Enhances Angiocrine Signals at Liver Bud Stage from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Two-Dimensional Culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2024; 30:426-439. [PMID: 38062736 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiocrine signals during the development and growth of organs, including the liver, intestine, lung, and bone, are essential components of intercellular communication. The signals elicited during the liver bud stage are critical for vascularization and enhanced during the intercellular communication between the cells negative for kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) (KDR- cells) and the cells positive for KDR (KDR+ cells), which constitute the liver bud. However, the use of a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived system has not facilitated the generation of a perfusable vascularized liver organoid that allows elucidation of liver development and has great potential for liver transplantation. This is largely owing to the lack of fundamental understanding to induce angiocrine signals in KDR- and KDR+ cells during the liver bud stage. We hypothesized that mechanical stimuli of cyclic stretching/pushing by the fetal heart adjacent to the liver bud could be the main contributor to promoting angiocrine signals in KDR- and KDR+ cells during the liver bud stage. In this study, we show that an organ-on-a-chip platform allows the emulation of an in vivo-like mechanical environment for the liver bud stage in vitro and investigate the role of cyclic mechanical stretching (cMS) to angiocrine signals in KDR- and KDR+ cells derived from hPSCs. RNA sequencing revealed that the expression of genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, including angiocrine signals, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), were increased by cMS in cocultured KDR- and KDR+ cells. The expression and secretions of HGF and MMP9 were increased by 1.98- and 1.69-fold and 3.23- and 3.72-fold with cMS in the cocultured KDR- and KDR+ cells but were not increased by cMS in the monocultured KDR- and KDR+ cells, respectively. Finally, cMS during the liver bud stage did not lead to the dedifferentiation of hepatocytes, as the cells with cMS showed hepatic maker expression (CYP3A4, CYP3A7, ALB, and AAT) and 1.71-fold higher CYP3A activity than the cells without cMS, during 12 day-hepatocyte maturation after halting cMS. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanical factors during the liver bud stage and directions for future improvements in the engineered liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Yoshimoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Maki
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kamei
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, China
- Programs of Biology and Bioengineering, Divisions of Science and Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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3
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Saha D, Vishwakarma S, Gupta RK, Pant A, Dhyani V, Sharma S, Majumdar S, Kaur I, Giri L. Non-prophylactic resveratrol-mediated protection of neurite integrity under chronic hypoxia is associated with reduction of Cav1.2 channel expression and calcium overloading. Neurochem Int 2023; 164:105466. [PMID: 36587745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular hypoxia is a major cause of oxidative stress, culminating in neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous ex vivo studies have implicated that hypoxia episodes leading to disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis and redox status contribute to the progression of various neuropathologies and cell death. Isolation and maintenance of primary cell culture being cost-intensive, the details of the time course relationship between Ca2+ overload, L-type Ca2+ channel function, and neurite retraction under chronic and long-term hypoxia remain undefined. In order to explore the effect of oxidative stress and Ca2+ overload on neurite length, first, we developed a 5-day-long neurite outgrowth model using N2a cell line. Second, we propose a chronic hypoxia model to investigate the modulation of the L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) and oxidative resistance gene (OXR1) expression level during the process of neurite retraction and neuronal damage over 32 h. Thirdly, we developed a framework for quantitative analysis of cytosolic Ca2+, superoxide formation, neurite length, and constriction formation in individual cells using live imaging that provides an understanding of molecular targets. Our findings suggest that an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ is a feature of an early phase of hypoxic stress. Further, we demonstrate that augmentation in the L-type channel leads to amplification in Ca2+ overload, ROS accumulation, and a reduction in neurite length during the late phase of hypoxic stress. Next, we demonstrated that non-prophylactic treatment of resveratrol leads to the reduction of calcium overloading under chronic hypoxia via lowering of L-type channel expression. Finally, we demonstrate that resveratrol-mediated reduction of Cav1.2 channel and STAT3 expression are associated with retention of neurite integrity. The proposed in vitro model assumes significance in the context of drug designing and testing that demands monitoring of neurite length and constriction formations by imaging before animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sushma Vishwakarma
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rishikesh Kumar Gupta
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Avnika Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vaibhav Dhyani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India; Optical Science Centre, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarmeela Sharma
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saptarshi Majumdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lopamudra Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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Hasebe R, Murakami K, Harada M, Halaka N, Nakagawa H, Kawano F, Ohira Y, Kawamoto T, Yull FE, Blackwell TS, Nio-Kobayashi J, Iwanaga T, Watanabe M, Watanabe N, Hotta H, Yamashita T, Kamimura D, Tanaka Y, Murakami M. ATP spreads inflammation to other limbs through crosstalk between sensory neurons and interneurons. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213221. [PMID: 35579694 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits between lesions are one mechanism through which local inflammation spreads to remote positions. Here, we show the inflammatory signal on one side of the joint is spread to the other side via sensory neuron-interneuron crosstalk, with ATP at the core. Surgical ablation or pharmacological inhibition of this neural pathway prevented inflammation development on the other side. Mechanistic analysis showed that ATP serves as both a neurotransmitter and an inflammation enhancer, thus acting as an intermediary between the local inflammation and neural pathway that induces inflammation on the other side. These results suggest blockade of this neural pathway, which is named the remote inflammation gateway reflex, may have therapeutic value for inflammatory diseases, particularly those, such as rheumatoid arthritis, in which inflammation spreads to remote positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Harada
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nada Halaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawano
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kawamoto
- Radioisotope Research Institute, Department of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Hotta
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Group of Quantumimmunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Group of Quantumimmunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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5
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Ni J, Wu Z. Inflammation Spreading: Negative Spiral Linking Systemic Inflammatory Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:638686. [PMID: 33716675 PMCID: PMC7947253 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.638686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a physiological response to injury in the internal body organs, inflammation is responsible for removing dangerous stimuli and initiating healing. However, persistent and exaggerative chronic inflammation causes undesirable negative effects in the organs. Inflammation occurring in the brain and spinal cord is known as neuroinflammation, with microglia acting as the central cellular player. There is increasing evidence suggesting that chronic neuroinflammation is the most relevant pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), regulating other pathological features, such as the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Systemic inflammatory signals caused by systemic disorders are known to strongly influence neuroinflammation as a consequence of microglial activation, inflammatory mediator production, and the recruitment of peripheral immune cells to the brain, resulting in neuronal dysfunction. However, the neuroinflammation-accelerated neuronal dysfunction in AD also influences the functions of peripheral organs. In the present review, we highlight the link between systemic inflammatory disorders and AD, with inflammation serving as the common explosion. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that govern the crosstalk between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. In our view, inflammation spreading indicates a negative spiral between systemic diseases and AD. Therefore, “dampening inflammation” through the inhibition of cathepsin (Cat)B or CatS may be a novel therapeutic approach for delaying the onset of and enacting early intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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6
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Belousov DM, Mikhaylenko EV, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. The Dawn of Mitophagy: What Do We Know by Now? Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:170-192. [PMID: 32442087 PMCID: PMC8033973 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200522202319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for healthy eukaryotic cells. They produce energyrich phosphate bond molecules (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation using ionic gradients. The presence of mitophagy pathways in healthy cells enhances cell protection during mitochondrial damage. The PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent pathway is the most studied for mitophage. In addition, there are other mechanisms leading to mitophagy (FKBP8, NIX, BNIP3, FUNDC1, BCL2L13). Each of these provides tethering of a mitochondrion to an autophagy apparatus via the interaction between receptor proteins (Optineurin, p62, NDP52, NBR1) or the proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane with ATG9-like proteins (LC3A, LC3B, GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GATE16). Another pathogenesis of mitochondrial damage is mitochondrial depolarization. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidant responsive elements (AREs) along with antioxidant genes, including pro-autophagic genes, are all involved in mitochondrial depolarization. On the other hand, mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) and AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) are the major regulatory factors modulating mitophagy at the post-translational level. Protein-protein interactions are involved in controlling other mitophagy processes. The objective of the present review is to analyze research findings regarding the main pathways of mitophagy induction, recruitment of the autophagy machinery, and their regulations at the levels of transcription, post-translational modification and protein-protein interaction that appeared to be the main target during the development and maturation of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cecil E. Kirkland
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, 26426, USA & GALLY International Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;, E-mails: ,
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, 26426, USA & GALLY International Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;, E-mails: ,
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7
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Folic Acid Deficiency Enhances the Tyr705 and Ser727 Phosphorylation of Mitochondrial STAT3 in In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:829-843. [PMID: 33037575 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. The stroke patients with an inadequate intake of folic acid tend to have increased brain injury and poorer prognosis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the harmful effects of folic acid deficiency (FD) in ischemic stroke is still elusive. Here, we aimed to test the hypothesis that mitochondrial localized STAT3 (mitoSTAT3) expression may be involved in the process of neuronal damage induced by FD in in vivo and in vitro models of ischemic stroke. Our results exhibited that FD increased infarct size and aggravated the damage of mitochondrial ultrastructure in ischemic brains. Meanwhile, FD upregulated the phosphorylation levels of mitoSTAT3 at Tyr705 (Y705) and Ser727 (S727) sites in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model and oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion (OGD/R) N2a cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of JAK2 by AG490 led to a significant decrease in FD-induced phosphorylation of Y705, while S727 phosphorylation was unaffected. Conversely, U0126 and LY294002, which respectively inhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt, partially prevented S727 phosphorylation, but had limited effects on the level of pY705, suggesting that phosphorylation of Y705 and S727 is regulated via independent mechanisms in FD-treated brains.
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8
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Lago SG, Tomasik J, van Rees GF, Ramsey JM, Haenisch F, Cooper JD, Broek JA, Suarez-Pinilla P, Ruland T, Auyeug B, Mikova O, Kabacs N, Arolt V, Baron-Cohen S, Crespo-Facorro B, Bahn S. Exploring the neuropsychiatric spectrum using high-content functional analysis of single-cell signaling networks. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2355-2372. [PMID: 30038233 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders overlap in symptoms and share genetic risk factors, challenging their current classification into distinct diagnostic categories. Novel cross-disorder approaches are needed to improve our understanding of the heterogeneous nature of neuropsychiatric diseases and overcome existing bottlenecks in their diagnosis and treatment. Here we employ high-content multi-parameter phospho-specific flow cytometry, fluorescent cell barcoding and automated sample preparation to characterize ex vivo signaling network responses (n = 1764) measured at the single-cell level in B and T lymphocytes across patients diagnosed with four major neuropsychiatric disorders: autism spectrum condition (ASC), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 25 each), alongside matched healthy controls (n = 100). We identified 25 nodes (individual cell subtype-epitope-ligand combinations) significantly altered relative to the control group, with variable overlap between different neuropsychiatric diseases and heterogeneously expressed at the level of each individual patient. Reconstruction of the diagnostic categories from the altered nodes revealed an overlapping neuropsychiatric spectrum extending from MDD on one end, through BD and SCZ, to ASC on the other end. Network analysis showed that although the pathway structure of the epitopes was broadly preserved across the clinical groups, there were multiple discrete alterations in network connectivity, such as disconnections within the antigen/integrin receptor pathway and increased negative regulation within the Akt1 pathway in CD4+ T cells from ASC and SCZ patients, in addition to increased correlation of Stat1 (pY701) and Stat5 (pY694) responses in B cells from BD and MDD patients. Our results support the "dimensional" approach to neuropsychiatric disease classification and suggest potential novel drug targets along the neuropsychiatric spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago G Lago
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jakub Tomasik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Geertje F van Rees
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jordan M Ramsey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frieder Haenisch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason D Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jantine A Broek
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Suarez-Pinilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Tillmann Ruland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bonnie Auyeug
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Psychology Department, Edinburgh University, Scotland, UK
| | - Olya Mikova
- Foundation Biological Psychiatry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolett Kabacs
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,CLASS Clinic, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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9
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Nam JE, Jo SY, Ahn CW, Kim YS. Baicalin attenuates fibrogenic process in human renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2) exposed to diabetic milieu. Life Sci 2020; 254:117742. [PMID: 32360619 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Baicalin, a flavonoid glycoside substance extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown to exhibit multiple therapeutic properties owing to its anti-inflammatory effect. Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress, which promote renal fibrosis and kidney failure. Although anti-fibrogenic effects of baicalin in lung and liver have been reported previously, no study has investigated its roles in renal fibrosis. Here, we demonstrated protective effects of baicalin against fibrogenic process in human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) exposed to diabetic milieu. MAIN METHODS To investigate the effects of baicalin on oxidative stress- and inflammation-induced fibrosis in HK-2 cells, protein and gene expressions of NF-κB- and STAT3-associated inflammatory molecules and TGFβ-associated extracellular matrix proteins were examined by western blotting, immunocytochemistry and qRT-PCR. To determine physiological changes of HK-2 exposed to diabetic milieu in response to baicalin, production of cAMP and cGMP and Ca2+ influx were measured. KEY FINDINGS Baicalin attenuated oxidative stress- and inflammation-inudced IκB and JAK2 phosphorylations and, subsequent, NF-κB nuclear translocation and STAT3 phosphorylation. Consequently, it markedly reduced transactivation of NF-κB- and STAT3-associated inflammatory genes such as ICAM1, VCAM1, TGFβ, IL1β and MCP1, and protein expression of TGFβ-associated extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin and collagen IV. These effects are, partially, attributed to its regulatory function of intracellular concentration of Ca2+ via interaction with type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study which investigated anti-fibrogenic effect of baicalin in human kidney cells, and our results highlight a potential therapeutic application of baicalin for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Nam
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jo
- Department of Medicine, the Graduate school of Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Sik Kim
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yu CI, Cheng CI, Kang YF, Chang PC, Lin IP, Kuo YH, Jhou AJ, Lin MY, Chen CY, Lee CH. Hispidulin Inhibits Neuroinflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV2 Microglia and Attenuates the Activation of Akt, NF-κB, and STAT3 Pathway. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:163-174. [PMID: 32222934 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, resident innate immune cells in central nervous system, regulates neuroinflammation and is associated with a variety of neuropathologies. The present study investigated the antineuroinflammatory effects of hispidulin (HPD), a naturally flavone compound, in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated BV2 microglia cells. The expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory factors were determined by the Griess method, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was used to measure various transcription factors such as Akt, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activities. Our experimental results demonstrated that HPD increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis in LPS-treated BV2 microglia cells. Moreover, HPD significantly reduced the levels of NO, ROS, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a dose-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of NF-κB/IκB, Akt, and STAT3 proteins expression by HPD was suppressed in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells. We concluded that HPD may inhibit neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation and ROS formation. These results propose that HPD has potential as anti-inflammatory agents against microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-I Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, 73659, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-I Cheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sin-Lau Medical Foundation the Presbyterian Church, Tainan, 70142, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fei Kang
- School of Nursing, Fooyin University, 151 Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung, 83102, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chih Chang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Weight Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - In-Pin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-His Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - An-Jie Jhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Lin
- Community Health Promotion Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Ci-Jin Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, 83102, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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11
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Chen L, Wang X, Qu X, Pan L, Wang Z, Lu Y, Hu H. Activation of the STAT3/microRNA-21 pathway participates in angiotensin II-induced angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19640-19654. [PMID: 30950039 PMCID: PMC6767590 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) facilitates angiogenesis that is associated with the continuous progression of atherosclerotic plaques, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to promote angiogenesis; however, whether miRNAs play a crucial role in AngII-induced angiogenesis remains unclear. This study evaluated the functional involvement of miRNA-21 (miR-21) in the AngII-mediated proangiogenic response in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs). We found that AngII exerted a proangiogenic role, indicated by the promotion of proliferation, migration, and tube formation in HMECs. Next, miR-21 was found to be upregulated in AngII-treated HMECs, and its specific inhibitor potently blocked the proangiogenic effects of AngII. Subsequently, we focused on the constitutive activation of STAT3 in the AngII-mediated proangiogenic process. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that STAT3 acted as a transcription factor initiating miR-21 expression, which was verified by ChIP-PCR. A reporter assay further identified three functional binding sites of STAT3 in the miR-21 promoter region. Moreover, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was recognized as a target of miR-21, and STAT3 inhibition restored AngII-induced reduction in PTEN. Similarly, the STAT3/miR-21 axis was shown to mediate AngII-provoked angiogenesis in vivo, which was demonstrated by using the appropriate inhibitors. Our data suggest that AngII was involved in proangiogenic responses through miR-21 upregulation and reduced PTEN expression, which was, at least in part, linked to STAT3 signaling. The present study provides novel insights into AngII-induced angiogenesis and suggests potential treatment strategies for attenuating the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and preventing atherosclerosis complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Yuan Chen
- Department of CardiologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Occupational HealthThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiao‐Long Qu
- Department of CardiologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li‐Na Pan
- Department of CardiologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ze‐Yang Wang
- Department of CardiologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong‐Hui Lu
- Department of Occupational HealthThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hou‐Yuan Hu
- Department of CardiologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Kwon MY, Park J, Kim SM, Lee J, Cho H, Park JH, Han IO. An alpha-lipoic acid-decursinol hybrid compound attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 31383251 PMCID: PMC6726214 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.8.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) and decursinol (Dec) hybrid compound LA-Dec were evaluated and compared with its prodrugs, LA and Dec. LA-Dec dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation in BV2 mouse microglial cells. On the other hand, no or mild inhibitory effect was shown by the Dec and LA, respectively. LA-Dec demonstrated dose-dependent protection from activation-induced cell death in BV2 cells. LA-Dec, but not LA or Dec individually, inhibited LPS-induced increased expressions of induced NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins in a dose-dependent manner in both BV2 and mouse macrophage, RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, LA-Dec inhibited LPS-induced expressions of iNOS, COX-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β mRNA in BV2 cells, whereas the same concentration of LA or Dec was ineffective. Signaling studies demonstrated that LA-Dec inhibited LPS-activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and protein kinase B activation, but not nuclear factor-kappa B or mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. The data implicate LA-Dec hybrid compound as a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases of the peripheral and central nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Youn Kwon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Korea
| | - Jooweon Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Korea
| | - Hyeongjin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Korea
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13
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Tang H, Shrager JB. The Signaling Network Resulting in Ventilator-induced Diaphragm Dysfunction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:417-427. [PMID: 29768017 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0022tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving measure for those incapable of adequately ventilating or oxygenating without assistance. Unfortunately, even brief periods of MV result in diaphragm weakness (i.e., ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction [VIDD]) that may render it difficult to wean the ventilator. Prolonged MV is associated with cascading complications and is a strong risk factor for death. Thus, prevention of VIDD may have a dramatic impact on mortality rates. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the pathogenic events underlying VIDD. Numerous alterations have been proven important in both human and animal MV diaphragm. These include protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system, autophagy, apoptosis, and calpain activity-all causing diaphragm muscle fiber atrophy, altered energy supply via compromised oxidative phosphorylation and upregulation of glycolysis, and also mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in fact appears to be a central factor in each of these events. Recent studies by our group and others indicate that mitochondrial function is modulated by several signaling molecules, including Smad3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and FoxO. MV rapidly activates Smad3 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which upregulate mitochondrial oxidative stress. Additional roles may be played by angiotensin II and leaky ryanodine receptors causing elevated calcium levels. We present, here, a hypothetical scaffold for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of VIDD, which links together these elements. These pathways harbor several drug targets that could soon move toward testing in clinical trials. We hope that this review will shape a short list of the most promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Tang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford, California; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Joseph B Shrager
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford, California; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California
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Yamanaka K, Eldeiry M, Aftab M, Ryan TJ, Roda G, Meng X, Weyant MJ, Cleveland JC, Fullerton DA, Reece TB. Pretreatment With Diazoxide Attenuates Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Signaling Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 107:733-739. [PMID: 30395862 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed paraplegia remains a feared complication of thoracoabdominal aortic intervention. Pharmacologic preconditioning with diazoxide (DZ), an adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener, results in neuroprotection against ischemic insult. However, the effects of DZ in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that DZ attenuates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury through the signaling transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 pathway. METHODS Adult male C57/BL6 mice received DZ (20 mg/kg) by oral gavage. Spinal cords were harvested at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 hours after administration of DZ. The expression of phosphorylated STAT3 was assessed by Western blot analysis. Five groups were studied: DZ (DZ pretreatment, n = 8), ischemic control (phosphate-buffered saline pretreatment, n = 11), DZ + STAT3 inhibitor LY5 (DZ pretreatment + LY5, n = 8), LY5 (phosphate-buffered saline pretreatment + LY5, n = 8), and sham (without cross-clamping, n = 5). Spinal cord ischemia was induced by 4 minutes of thoracic aortic cross-clamp. Functional scoring (Basso Mouse Score) was done at 12-hour intervals until 48 hours, and spinal cords were harvested for the evaluation of B-cell lymphoma 2 expression and histologic changes. RESULTS The expression of phosphorylated STAT3 was significantly upregulated 36 hours after the administration of DZ. The motor function in the DZ group was significantly preserved compared with all other groups. The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 in the DZ group was significantly higher than in the ischemic control, DZ + LY5, and LY5 groups 48 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS DZ preserves motor function in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by the STAT3 pathway. DZ may be beneficial clinically for use in spinal protection in aortic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yamanaka
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Mohamed Eldeiry
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Muhammad Aftab
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thomas J Ryan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gavriel Roda
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xianzhong Meng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael J Weyant
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joseph C Cleveland
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David A Fullerton
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - T Brett Reece
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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15
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Nam HY, Nam JH, Yoon G, Lee JY, Nam Y, Kang HJ, Cho HJ, Kim J, Hoe HS. Ibrutinib suppresses LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells and wild-type mice. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:271. [PMID: 30231870 PMCID: PMC6145206 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The FDA-approved small-molecule drug ibrutinib is an effective targeted therapy for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Ibrutinib inhibits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a kinase involved in B cell receptor signaling. However, the potential regulation of neuroinflammatory responses in the brain by ibrutinib has not been comprehensively examined. Methods BV2 microglial cells were treated with ibrutinib (1 μM) or vehicle (1% DMSO), followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 μg/ml) or PBS. RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and subcellular fractionation were performed to examine the effects of ibrutinib on neuroinflammatory responses. In addition, wild-type mice were sequentially injected with ibrutinib (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (10% DMSO, i.p.), followed by LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or PBS, and microglial and astrocyte activations were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results Ibrutinib significantly reduced LPS-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokine levels in BV2 microglial and primary microglial cells but not in primary astrocytes. Ibrutinib regulated TLR4 signaling to alter LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine levels. In addition, ibrutinib significantly decreased LPS-induced increases in p-AKT and p-STAT3 levels, suggesting that ibrutinib attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting AKT/STAT3 signaling pathways. Interestingly, ibrutinib also reduced LPS-induced BV2 microglial cell migration by inhibiting AKT signaling. Moreover, ibrutinib-injected wild-type mice exhibited significantly reduced microglial/astrocyte activation and COX-2 and IL-1β proinflammatory cytokine levels. Conclusions Our data provide insights on the mechanisms of a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation-related diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1308-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yeon Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Jin Han Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Gwangho Yoon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Youngpyo Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Cho
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, South Korea.
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Neonatal maternal deprivation impairs localized de novo activity-induced protein translation at the synapse in the rat hippocampus. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180118. [PMID: 29700212 PMCID: PMC5997792 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal neuropsychiatric stress induces alterations in neurodevelopment that can lead to irreversible damage to neuronal physiology, and social, behavioral, and cognitive skills. In addition, this culminates to an elevated vulnerability to stress and anxiety later in life. Developmental deficits in hippocampal synaptic function and plasticity are among the primary contributors of detrimental alterations in brain function induced by early-life stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Localized protein translation, occurring at the synapse and triggered by neuronal activity, is critical for synapse function, maintenance, and plasticity. We used a rodent model of chronic maternal deprivation to characterize the effects of early-life neuropsychiatric stress on localized de novo protein translation at synaptic connections between neurons. Synaptoneurosomal preparations isolated biochemically from the hippocampi of rat pups that were subjected to maternal deprivation were deficient in depolarization-induced activity-dependent protein translation when compared with littermate controls. Conversely, basal unstimulated protein translation was not affected. Moreover, deficits in activity-driven synaptic protein translation were significantly correlated with a reduction in phosphorylated cell survival protein kinase protein B or Akt (p473 Ser and p308 Thr), but not phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase.
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Petrella RA, Mollica PA, Zamponi M, Reid JA, Xiao S, Bruno RD, Sachs PC. 3D bioprinter applied picosecond pulsed electric fields for targeted manipulation of proliferation and lineage specific gene expression in neural stem cells. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:056021. [PMID: 29848804 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aac8ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Picosecond pulse electric fields (psPEF) have the potential to elicit functional changes in mammalian cells in a non-contact manner. Such electro-manipulation of pluripotent and multipotent cells could be a tool in both neural interface and tissue engineering. Here, we describe the potential of psPEF in directing neural stem cells (NSCs) gene expression, metabolism, and proliferation. As a comparison mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were also tested. APPROACH A psPEF electrode was anchored on a customized commercially available 3D printer, which allowed us to deliver pulses with high spatial precision and systematically control the electrode position in three-axes. When the electrodes are continuously energized and their position is shifted by the 3D printer, large numbers of cells on a surface can be exposed to a uniform psPEF. With two electric field strengths (20 and 40 kV cm-1), cell responses, including cell viability, proliferation, and gene expression assays, were quantified and analyzed. MAIN RESULTS Analysis revealed both NSCs and MSCs showed no significant cell death after treatments. Both cell types exhibited an increased metabolic reduction; however, the response rate for MSCs was sensitive to the change of electric field strength, but for NSCs, it appeared independent of electric field strength. The change in proliferation rate was cell-type specific. MSCs underwent no significant change in proliferation whereas NSCs exhibited an electric field dependent response with the higher electric field producing less proliferation. Further, NSCs showed an upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after 24 h to 40 kV cm-1, which is characteristic of astrocyte specific differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE Changes in cell metabolism, proliferation, and gene expression after picosecond pulsed electric field exposure are cell type specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Petrella
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23529, United States of America. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23529, United States of America
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Evidence of microglial activation following exposure to serum from first-onset drug-naïve schizophrenia patients. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:364-373. [PMID: 28988033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of brain microglial cells is widely implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Previously the pathophysiology of microglial activation was considered to be intrinsic to the central nervous system. We hypothesised that due to their perivascular localization, microglia can also be activated by factors present in circulating blood. Through application of high-content functional screening, we show that peripheral blood serum from first-onset drug-naïve schizophrenia patients is sufficient to provoke microglial cell signalling network responses in vitro which are indicative of proinflammatory activation. We further explore the composition of the serum for the presence of analytes, with the potential to activate microglia, and the utility of the resultant microglial cellular phenotype for novel drug discovery.
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Intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and JAK1/STAT3 pathway are involved in the protective effect of propofol on BV2 microglia against hypoxia-induced inflammation and apoptosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178098. [PMID: 28542400 PMCID: PMC5441598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative hypoxia may induce microglial inflammation and apoptosis, resulting in brain injury. The neuroprotective effect of propofol against hypoxia has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms are far from clear. In this study, we explored whether and how propofol could attenuate microglia BV2 cells from CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury. METHODS Mouse microglia BV2 cells were pretreated with propofol, and then stimulated with CoCl2. TNF-α level in the culture medium was measured by ELISA kit. Cell apoptosis and intracellular calcium concentration were measured by flow cytometry analysis. The effect of propofol on CoCl2-modulated expression of Ca2+/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKIIα), phosphorylated CAMKIIα (pCAMKIIα), STAT3, pSTAT3Y705, pSTAT3S727, ERK1/2, pERK1/2, pNFκB(p65), pro-caspase3, cleaved caspase 3, JAK1, pJAK1, JAK2, pJAK2 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS In BV2 cell, CoCl2 treatment time-dependently increased TNF-α release and induced apoptosis, which were alleviated by propofol. CoCl2 (500μmol/L, 8h) treatment increased intracellular Ca2+ level, and caused the phosphorylation of CAMKIIα, ERK1/2 and NFκB (p65), as well as the activation of caspase 3. More importantly, these effects could be modulated by 25μmol/L propofol via maintaining intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and via up-regulating the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3 at Tyr705. CONCLUSION Propofol could protect BV2 microglia from hypoxia-induced inflammation and apoptosis. The potential mechanisms may involve the maintaining of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and the activation of JAK1/STAT3 pathway.
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20
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Le J, Zhang DY, Zhao Y, Qiu W, Wang P, Sun Y. ITF promotes migration of intestinal epithelial cells through crosstalk between the ERK and JAK/STAT3 pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33014. [PMID: 27616044 PMCID: PMC5018822 DOI: 10.1038/srep33014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), a member of the trefoil factor family, is a “Super-protective factor” for intestinal mucosal protection. This study was designed to explore the mechanism by which ITF promotes intestinal epithelial cell migration. Intestinal epithelial cells were treated with the human ITF (hITF). Phospho-ERK, phospho-STAT3 Tyr705, and phospho-STAT3 Ser727 levels were detected at different time points by western blot. To assess the potential crosstalk between the ERK and JAK/STAT3 pathways, HT-29 cells were treated with the MEK-inhibitor, U0126, and phosphor-STAT3 levels were evaluated. Conversely, cells were treated with the JAK-inhibitor, AG490, and ERK-activity was evaluated. Transwell assay was performed to investigate the effect of the crosstalk on the cell motility. MMP-2 and MMP-9 transcription was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. E-cadherin degradation was detected by immunofluorescence. Our results indicate that hITF simultaneously activated the ERK and JAK/STAT3 pathways and a crosstalk was detected between the two pathways. hITF increased cell migration. This effect was abolished by U0126 and AG490 treatment. hITF increased MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA levels and E-cadherin degradation and U0126 and AG490 abolished this effect of hITF. In conclusion, the hITF-induced crosstalk between the ERK and JAK/STAT3 pathways is associated with intestinal epithelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Le
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huaihai Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, No. 97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Duan Y Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huaihai Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, No. 97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huaihai Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, No. 97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huaihai Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, No. 97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huaihai Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, No. 97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huaihai Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, No. 97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Chang SH, Hwang CS, Yin JH, Chen SD, Yang DI. Oncostatin M-dependent Mcl-1 induction mediated by JAK1/2-STAT1/3 and CREB contributes to bioenergetic improvements and protective effects against mitochondrial dysfunction in cortical neurons. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2306-25. [PMID: 25986861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM), a cytokine in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family, has been proposed to play a protective role in the central nervous system, such as attenuation of excitotoxicity induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and glutamate. However, the potential neuroprotective effects of OSM against mitochondrial dysfunction have never been reported. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that OSM may confer neuronal resistance against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a plant toxin that irreversibly inhibits the complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and characterized the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that OSM preconditioning dose- and time-dependently protected cortical neurons against 3-NP toxicity. OSM stimulated expression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member expressed in differentiating myeloid cells, that required prior phosphorylation of Janus kinase-1 (JAK1), JAK2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), STAT1, and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB). Pharmacological inhibitors of JAK1, JAK2, ERK1/2, STAT3, STAT1, and CREB as well as the siRNA targeting at STAT3 and Mcl-1 all abolished OSM-dependent 3-NP resistance. Finally, OSM-dependent Mcl-1 induction contributed to the enhancements of mitochondrial bioenergetics including increases in spare respiratory capacity and ATP production. In conclusion, our findings indicated that OSM induces Mcl-1 expression via activation of ERK1/2, JAK1/2, STAT1/3, and CREB; furthermore, OSM-mediated Mcl-1 induction contributes to bioenergetic improvements and neuroprotective effects against 3-NP toxicity in cortical neurons. OSM may thus serve as a novel neuroprotective agent against mitochondrial dysfunction commonly associated with pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Haw Yin
- Department of Neurology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Breit A, Besik V, Solinski HJ, Muehlich S, Glas E, Yarwood SJ, Gudermann T. Serine-727 phosphorylation activates hypothalamic STAT-3 independently from tyrosine-705 phosphorylation. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:445-59. [PMID: 25584415 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) is a key element in the central regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis. Activation of hypothalamic STAT-3 has been attributed to cytokine-promoted phosphorylation at tyrosine-705 (Tyr-705). In nonhypothalamic cells, STAT-3 is also phosphorylated at serine-727 (Ser-727), but the functional significance of Ser-727 in the regulation of hypothalamic STAT-3 is not known. We used 2 hypothalamic cell lines and analyzed the effects of various hormones on STAT-3-dependent reporter gene activity and observed that IFN-γ, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and bradykinin (BK) induce similar STAT-3 reporter activation. EGF and BK solely increased Ser-727 and IFN-γ increased Tyr-705 phosphorylation of STAT-3. Specific inhibition of ERK-1/2 activity blocked EGF- and BK-induced STAT-3 activation and Ser-727 phosphorylation. BK-induced ERK-1/2 activation occurred via EGF receptor transactivation. Consequently, the BK-mediated effects on STAT-3 were blocked by a specific EGF receptor antagonist. Next, we analyzed the effects of IFN-γ and EGF on the expression of the STAT-3-dependent genes thyroliberin-releasing hormone and suppressors of cytokine signaling-3. EGF but not IFN-γ enhanced thyroliberin-releasing hormone expression via STAT-3. With regard to suppressors of cytokine signaling-3, we observed prolonged expression induced by IFN-γ and a transient effect of EGF that required coactivation of the activator protein-1. Thus, EGF-promoted Ser-727 phosphorylation by ERK-1/2 is not only sufficient to fully activate hypothalamic STAT-3, but, in terms of targeted genes and required cofactors, entails distinct modes of STAT-3 actions compared with IFN-γ-induced Tyr-705 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Breit
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (A.B., V.B., H.J.S., S.M., E.G., T.G.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany 80336; and The Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.J.Y.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow GC12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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23
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Gruol DL. IL-6 regulation of synaptic function in the CNS. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:42-54. [PMID: 25445486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports a role for glial-produced neuroimmune factors, including the cytokine IL-6, in CNS physiology and pathology. CNS expression of IL-6 has been documented in the normal CNS at low levels and at elevated levels in several neurodegenerative or psychiatric disease states as well as in CNS infection and injury. The altered CNS function associated with these conditions raises the possibility that IL-6 has neuronal or synaptic actions. Studies in in vitro and in vivo models confirmed this possibility and showed that IL-6 can regulate a number of important neuronal and synaptic functions including synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, an important cellular mechanism of memory and learning. Behavioral studies in animal models provided further evidence of an important role for IL-6 as a regulator of CNS pathways that are critical to cognitive function. This review summarizes studies that have lead to our current state of knowledge. In spite of the progress that has been made, there is a need for a greater understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological actions of IL-6 in the CNS, the mechanisms underlying these actions, conditions that induce production of IL-6 in the CNS and therapeutic strategies that could ameliorate or promote IL-6 actions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Gruol
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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24
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Mohan CD, Bharathkumar H, Bulusu KC, Pandey V, Rangappa S, Fuchs JE, Shanmugam MK, Dai X, Li F, Deivasigamani A, Hui KM, Kumar AP, Lobie PE, Bender A, Basappa, Sethi G, Rangappa KS. Development of a novel azaspirane that targets the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34296-307. [PMID: 25320076 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.601104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in cell growth, proliferation, and survival, and given its association with many types of cancers, it has recently emerged as a promising target for therapy. In this work, we present the synthesis of N-substituted azaspirane derivatives and their biological evaluation against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (IC50 = 7.3 μm), thereby identifying 2-(1-(4-(2-cyanophenyl)1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1-oxa-3-azaspiro(5,5) undecane (CIMO) as a potent inhibitor of the JAK-STAT pathway with selectivity over normal LO2 cells (IC50 > 100 μm). The lead compound, CIMO, suppresses proliferation of HCC cells and achieves this effect by reducing both constitutive and inducible phosphorylation of JAK1, JAK2, and STAT3. Interestingly, CIMO displayed inhibition of Tyr-705 phosphorylation, which is required for nuclear translocation of STAT3, but it has no effect on Ser-727 phosphorylation. CIMO accumulates cancer cells in the sub-G1 phase and decreases STAT3 in the nucleus and thereby causes down-regulation of genes regulated via STAT3. Suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation by CIMO and knockdown of STAT3 mRNA using siRNA transfection displayed a similar effect on the viability of HCC cells. Furthermore, CIMO significantly decreased the tumor development in an orthotopic HCC mouse model through the modulation of phospho-STAT3, Ki-67, and cleaved caspase-3 in tumor tissues. Thus, CIMO represents a chemically novel and biologically in vitro and in vivo validated compound, which targets the JAK-STAT pathway as a potential cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanumantharayappa Bharathkumar
- the Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore 560001, India
| | - Krishna C Bulusu
- the Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Pandey
- the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- the Frontier Research Center for Post-genome Science and Technology Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- the Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- the Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, and
| | - Xiaoyun Dai
- the Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, and
| | - Feng Li
- the Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, and
| | - Amudha Deivasigamani
- the Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Kam M Hui
- the Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, the Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, and
| | - Peter E Lobie
- the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, the Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, and
| | - Andreas Bender
- the Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Basappa
- the Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore 560001, India,
| | - Gautam Sethi
- the Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, and
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