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Richards JE, Guy MW, Hogan AL, Roberts JE. Neural correlates of face processing among preschoolers with fragile X syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, autism siblings, and typical development. Autism Res 2024; 17:89-108. [PMID: 37916532 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined patterns of event-related potential (ERP) responses during a face processing task in groups of preschoolers uniquely impacted by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including (1) children with ASD; (2) children with fragile X syndrome (FXS); (3) children with familial risk for ASD, but without a diagnosis (i.e., ASIBs); and (4) a low-risk control (LRC) group. Children with FXS have a high incidence of ASD diagnoses, but there have been no studies of the ERP response to faces in children with FXS and little work focused on children with ASD who have cognitive impairment. The current study examined children's ERP responses to faces and houses in four groups: LRC (N = 28, age = 5.2 years), ASIB (N = 23, age = 5.5 years), FXS (N = 19, age = 5.82 years), and ASD (N = 23, age = 5.5 years). The FXS and ASD groups were characterized by the presence of cognitive impairment. Pictures of upright and inverted faces and houses were presented while recording EEG with a 128-channel system. The N170 occurred at about 200 ms post stimulus onset, was largest on the posterior-lateral electrodes, and was larger for faces than houses. The P1 and N170 ERP components were larger for the FXS group than for the other three groups. The N170 ERP amplitude for the ASD and ASIB groups was smaller than both the LRC and FXS groups, and the LRC and FXS groups had the largest N170 responses on the right side. No difference was found in N170 latency between groups. The similarity of the ASD and ASIB responses suggest a common genetic or environmental origin of the reduced response. Although children with FXS have a high incidence of ASD outcomes, they differed from ASD and ASIB children in this study. Specifically, the children with FXS were hyperresponsive to all stimulus types while the ASD and ASIB groups showed attenuated responses for specific stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Richards
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Maggie W Guy
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Abigail L Hogan
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jane E Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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2
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Rodger H, Sokhn N, Lao J, Liu Y, Caldara R. Developmental eye movement strategies for decoding facial expressions of emotion. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 229:105622. [PMID: 36641829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In our daily lives, we routinely look at the faces of others to try to understand how they are feeling. Few studies have examined the perceptual strategies that are used to recognize facial expressions of emotion, and none have attempted to isolate visual information use with eye movements throughout development. Therefore, we recorded the eye movements of children from 5 years of age up to adulthood during recognition of the six "basic emotions" to investigate when perceptual strategies for emotion recognition become mature (i.e., most adult-like). Using iMap4, we identified the eye movement fixation patterns for recognition of the six emotions across age groups in natural viewing and gaze-contingent (i.e., expanding spotlight) conditions. While univariate analyses failed to reveal significant differences in fixation patterns, more sensitive multivariate distance analyses revealed a U-shaped developmental trajectory with the eye movement strategies of the 17- to 18-year-old group most similar to adults for all expressions. A developmental dip in strategy similarity was found for each emotional expression revealing which age group had the most distinct eye movement strategy from the adult group: the 13- to 14-year-olds for sadness recognition; the 11- to 12-year-olds for fear, anger, surprise, and disgust; and the 7- to 8-year-olds for happiness. Recognition performance for happy, angry, and sad expressions did not differ significantly across age groups, but the eye movement strategies for these expressions diverged for each group. Therefore, a unique strategy was not a prerequisite for optimal recognition performance for these expressions. Our data provide novel insights into the developmental trajectories underlying facial expression recognition, a critical ability for adaptive social relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Rodger
- Eye and Brain Mapping Laboratory (iBMLab), Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Nayla Sokhn
- Eye and Brain Mapping Laboratory (iBMLab), Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Junpeng Lao
- Eye and Brain Mapping Laboratory (iBMLab), Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yingdi Liu
- Eye and Brain Mapping Laboratory (iBMLab), Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Caldara
- Eye and Brain Mapping Laboratory (iBMLab), Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Bigelow FJ, Clark GM, Lum JAG, Enticott PG. Facial emotion processing and language during early-to-middle childhood development: An event related potential study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 53:101052. [PMID: 34954666 PMCID: PMC8717415 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial emotion processing (FEP) is critical to social cognitive ability. Developmentally, FEP rapidly improves in early childhood and continues to be fine-tuned throughout middle childhood and into adolescence. Previous research has suggested that language plays a role in the development of social cognitive skills, including non-verbal emotion recognition tasks. Here we investigated whether language is associated with specific neurophysiological indicators of FEP. One hundred and fourteen children (4-12 years) completed a language assessment and a FEP task including stimuli depicting anger, happiness, fear, and neutrality. EEG was used to record key event related potentials (ERPs; P100, N170, LPP at occipital and parietal sites separately) previously shown to be sensitive to faces and facial emotion. While there were no main effects of language, the P100 latency to negative expressions appeared to increase with language, while LPP amplitude increased with language for negative and neutral expressions. These findings suggest that language is linked to some early physiological indicators of FEP, but this is dependent on the facial expression. Future studies should explore the role of language in later stages of neural processing, with a focus on processes localised to ventromedial prefrontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity J Bigelow
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Gillian M Clark
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jarrad A G Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Bigelow FJ, Clark GM, Lum JAG, Enticott PG. The development of neural responses to emotional faces: A review of evidence from event-related potentials during early and middle childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 51:100992. [PMID: 34329806 PMCID: PMC8339225 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial emotion processing (FEP) develops throughout childhood and provides crucial social information necessary for the interpretation and prediction of others' behaviour. This systematic review, which includes a meta-regression component, sought to explore the development of FEP event-related potentials (P100, N170, and late positive potential [LPP]) in children aged three to twelve years. Thirty-four studies, representing data from 1511 children, were included in the review. The combination of meta-regression and systematic review suggest that P100 amplitude decreases with increasing age in response to emotional facial stimuli. P100 latency may show a gradual decrease around the age of ten. In terms of the N170, it is suggested that amplitude follows a non-linear trend with age, and latency may decrease in early childhood before plateauing during middle childhood. Of note, review of the literature indicates that substantial methodological differences and high levels of heterogeneity exist. We suggest future research considers these results within the context of emotion-specific development, whilst also acknowledging how this may relate to individual social functioning skills across early-to-middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity J Bigelow
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Gillian M Clark
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jarrad A G Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Nagy E, Prentice L, Wakeling T. Atypical Facial Emotion Recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Exploratory Analysis on the Role of Task Demands. Perception 2021; 50:819-833. [PMID: 34428977 PMCID: PMC8438782 DOI: 10.1177/03010066211038154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
People with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have difficulty with socio-emotional functioning; however, research on facial emotion recognition (FER) remains inconclusive. Individuals with ASD might be using atypical compensatory mechanisms that are exhausted in more complex tasks. This study compared response accuracy and speed on a forced-choice FER task using neutral, happy, sad, disgust, anger, fear and surprise expressions under both timed and non-timed conditions in children with and without ASD (n = 18). The results showed that emotion recognition accuracy was comparable in the two groups in the non-timed condition. However, in the timed condition, children with ASD were less accurate in identifying anger and surprise compared to children without ASD. This suggests that people with ASD have atypical processing of anger and surprise that might become challenged under time pressure. Understanding these atypical processes, and the environmental factors that challenge them, could be beneficial in supporting socio-emotional functioning in people ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Nagy
- 3042Psychology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Dundee, UK
| | - Louise Prentice
- 3042Psychology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Dundee, UK
| | - Tess Wakeling
- 3042Psychology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Dundee, UK
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EEG signatures of cognitive and social development of preschool children-a systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247223. [PMID: 33606804 PMCID: PMC7895403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early identification of preschool children who are at risk of faltering in their development is essential to ensuring that all children attain their full potential. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to measure neural correlates of cognitive and social development in children for decades. Effective portable and low-cost EEG devices increase the potential of its use to assess neurodevelopment in children at scale and particularly in low-resource settings. We conducted a systematic review aimed to synthesise EEG measures of cognitive and social development in 2-5-year old children. Our secondary aim was to identify how these measures differ across a) the course of development within this age range, b) gender and c) socioeconomic status (SES). Methods and findings A systematic literature search identified 51 studies for inclusion in this review. Data relevant to the primary and secondary aims was extracted from these studies and an assessment for risk of bias was done, which highlighted the need for harmonisation of EEG data collection and analysis methods across research groups and more detailed reporting of participant characteristics. Studies reported on the domains of executive function (n = 22 papers), selective auditory attention (n = 9), learning and memory (n = 5), processing of faces (n = 7) and emotional stimuli (n = 8). For papers investigating executive function and selective auditory attention, the most commonly reported measures were alpha power and the amplitude and latency of positive (P1, P2, P3) and negative (N1, N2) deflections of event related potential (ERPs) components. The N170 and P1 ERP components were the most commonly reported neural responses to face and emotional faces stimuli. A mid-latency negative component and positive slow wave were used to index learning and memory, and late positive potential in response to emotional non-face stimuli. While almost half the studies described changes in EEG measures across age, only eight studies disaggregated results based on gender, and six included children from low income households to assess the impact of SES on neurodevelopment. No studies were conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusion This review has identified power across the EEG spectrum and ERP components to be the measures most commonly reported in studies in which preschool children engage in tasks indexing cognitive and social development. It has also highlighted the need for additional research into their changes across age and based on gender and SES.
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Jiang S, Peng M, Wang X. Different influences of moral violation with and without physical impurity on face processing: An event-related potentials study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243929. [PMID: 33326458 PMCID: PMC7743946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that moral violations that involve impurity (such as spitting in public) induce the emotion of disgust, but there has been a debate about whether moral violations that do not involve impurity (such as swearing in public) also induce the same emotion. The answer to this question may have implication for understanding where morality comes from and how people make moral judgments. This study aimed to compared the neural mechanisms underlying two kinds of moral violation by using an affective priming task to test the effect of sentences depicting moral violation behaviors with and without physical impurity on subsequent detection of disgusted faces in a visual search task. After reading each sentence, participants completed the face search task. Behavioral and electrophysiological (event-related potential, or ERP) indices of affective priming (P2, N400, LPP) and attention allocation (N2pc) were analyzed. Results of behavioral data and ERP data showed that moral violations both with and without impurity promoted the detection of disgusted faces (RT, N2pc); moral violations without impurity impeded the detection of neutral faces (N400). No priming effect was found on P2 and LPP. The results suggest both types of moral violation influenced the processing of disgusted faces and neutral faces, but the neural activity with temporal characteristics was different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior of the Ministry of Education and School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior of the Ministry of Education and School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior of the Ministry of Education and School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Purper Ouakil D. AFPBN – Bases des actions précoces et préventives dans les troubles du neurodéveloppement. Eur Psychiatry 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Les troubles du neurodéveloppement se caractérisent par des déficits du développement touchant des domaines divers (comportement social, fonctions intellectuelles, limitations spécifiques des apprentissages). Ils débutent dans les premières années de vie et entraînent une altération du fonctionnement adaptatif qui persiste souvent à l’âge adulte. Le handicap intellectuel, les troubles du spectre de l’autisme, les troubles spécifiques des apprentissages, les troubles de la communication font partie des troubles du neurodéveloppement mais d’autres pathologies tels que les troubles schizophréniques, certains troubles de l’humeur et du comportement ont également une composante neurodéveloppementale. Une meilleure connaissance des anomalies précoces du développement neuronal et de leurs facteurs de risque environnementaux permettrait des actions de prévention précoce et de prévention plus spécifiques, s’appuyant sur le concept de neuroplasticité. Ce symposium se propose d’explorer les trajectoires menant des anomalies du développement neuronal et de leurs facteurs de risque à l’action thérapeutique précoce ou préventive ciblée.
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9
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Willner CJ, Jetha MK, Segalowitz SJ, Gatzke-Kopp LM. Neurophysiological evidence for distinct biases in emotional face processing associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children. Biol Psychol 2020; 150:107829. [PMID: 31790713 PMCID: PMC7007849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Attentional bias to threat has been implicated in both internalizing and externalizing disorders. This study utilizes event-related potentials to examine early stages of perceptual attention to threatening (angry or fearful) versus neutral faces among a sample of 200 children ages 6-8 years from a low-income, urban community. Although both internalizing and externalizing symptoms were associated with processing biases, the nature of the bias differed between these two symptom domains. Internalizing symptoms were associated with heightened early attentional selection (P1) and later perceptual processing (P2) of fearful faces. In contrast, externalizing symptoms were associated with reduced early attentional selection (P1) of fearful faces and enhanced perceptual processing (P2) of neutral faces, possibly indicative of a hostile interpretation bias for ambiguous social cues. These results provide insight into the distinct cognitive-affective processes that may contribute to the etiology and maintenance of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J Willner
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 228 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Michelle K Jetha
- Cape Breton University, Department of Psychology, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada.
| | - Sidney J Segalowitz
- Brock University, Department of Psychology, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Lisa M Gatzke-Kopp
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 228 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
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Rollins L, Bertero E, Hunter L. Facial features and recognition memory: Eye‐movement study on the encoding and retrieval of unfamiliar child faces in children and adults. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Rollins
- Department of PsychologyChristopher Newport University Newport News Virginia USA
| | - Erin Bertero
- Department of PsychologyChristopher Newport University Newport News Virginia USA
| | - Laurie Hunter
- Department of PsychologyChristopher Newport University Newport News Virginia USA
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11
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Verpaalen IAM, Bijsterbosch G, Mobach L, Bijlstra G, Rinck M, Klein AM. Validating the Radboud faces database from a child's perspective. Cogn Emot 2019; 33:1531-1547. [PMID: 30744534 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2019.1577220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Facial expressions play a central role in diverse areas of psychology. However, facial stimuli are often only validated by adults, and there are no face databases validated by school-aged children. Validation by children is important because children still develop emotion recognition skills and may have different perceptions than adults. Therefore, in this study, we validated the adult Caucasian faces of the Radboud Faces Database (RaFD) in 8- to 12-year-old children (N = 652). Additionally, children rated valence, clarity, and model attractiveness. Emotion recognition rates were relatively high (72%; compared to 82% in the original validation by adults). Recognition accuracy was highest for happiness, below average for fear and disgust, and lowest for contempt. Children showed roughly the same emotion recognition pattern as adults, but were less accurate in distinguishing similar emotions. As expected, in general, 10- to 12-year-old children had a higher emotion recognition accuracy than 8- and 9-year-olds. Overall, girls slightly outperformed boys. More nuanced differences in these gender and age effects on recognition rates were visible per emotion. The current study provides researchers with recommendation on how to use the RaFD adult pictures in child studies. Researchers can select appropriate stimuli for their research using the online available validation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris A M Verpaalen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Geraly Bijsterbosch
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Mobach
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert Bijlstra
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Anke M Klein
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,Developmental Psychology, Universiteit van Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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13
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Corcoran CM, Stoops A, Lee M, Martinez A, Sehatpour P, Dias EC, Javitt DC. Developmental trajectory of mismatch negativity and visual event-related potentials in healthy controls: Implications for neurodevelopmental vs. neurodegenerative models of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 191:101-108. [PMID: 29033283 PMCID: PMC5866919 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensory processing deficits are core features of schizophrenia, reflected in impaired generation of event-related potential (ERP) measures such as auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) and visual P1. To understand the potential time course of development of deficits in schizophrenia, we obtained MMN to unattended duration, intensity and frequency deviants, and visual P1 to attended LSF stimuli, in 43 healthy individuals ages 6 to 25years (mean 17), and compared results to data from 30 adult schizophrenia patients (mean age 38). We analyzed "time-domain" measures of amplitude and latency, and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP, "time-frequency") to evaluate underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. Duration and intensity MMN amplitudes increased from childhood to late adolescence, while frequency MMN reached maximum amplitude during early development. As reported previously, in ERSP analyses, MMN activity corresponded primarily to theta-band (4-7Hz) activity, while responses to standards occurred primarily in alpha (8-12Hz) across age groups. Both deviant-induced theta and standard-induced alpha activity declined significantly with age for all deviant types. Likewise, visual P1 also showed an amplitude decline over development, reflecting a reduction in both evoked power and ITC. While MMN "difference" waveform ERP data suggest failure of maturation in schizophrenia, MMN ERSP analyses instead support a neurodegenerative process, as these isolate responses to deviants and standards, showing large low-frequency evoked power for both in children. Neurodegenerative processes are also supported by large visual P1 amplitudes and large low-frequency evoked power in children, in contrast with adult schizophrenia. Sensory processing deficits in schizophrenia may be related to accelerated synaptic pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Corcoran
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anastasia Stoops
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Migyung Lee
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Antigona Martinez
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Pejman Sehatpour
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Elisa C Dias
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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Bonnet-Brilhault F, Tuller L, Prévost P, Malvy J, Zebib R, Ferré S, Dos Santos C, Roux S, Houy-Durand E, Magné R, Mofid Y, Latinus M, Wardak C, Aguillon-Hernandez N, Batty M, Gomot M. A strategic plan to identify key neurophysiological mechanisms and brain circuits in autism. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 89:69-72. [PMID: 29128349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) cover a large variety of clinical profiles which share two main dimensions: social and communication impairment and repetitive behaviors or restricted interests, which are present during childhood. There is now no doubt that genetic factors are a major component in the etiology of autism but precise physiopathological pathways are still being investigated. Furthermore, developmental trajectories combined with compensatory mechanisms will lead to various clinical and neurophysiological profiles which together constitute this Autism Spectrum Disorder. To better understand the pathophysiology of autism, comprehension of key neurophysiological mechanisms and brain circuits underlying the different bioclinical profiles is thus crucial. To achieve this goal we propose a strategy which investigates different levels of information processing from sensory perception to complex cognitive processing, taking into account the complexity of the stimulus and whether it is social or non-social in nature. In order to identify different developmental trajectories and to take into account compensatory mechanisms, we further propose that such protocols should be carried out in individuals from childhood to adulthood representing a wide variety of clinical forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Bonnet-Brilhault
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
| | - Laurice Tuller
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Philippe Prévost
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Joëlle Malvy
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Rasha Zebib
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Ferré
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Christophe Dos Santos
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Sylvie Roux
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Emmanuelle Houy-Durand
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Rémy Magné
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Yassine Mofid
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Marianne Latinus
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Claire Wardak
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Nadia Aguillon-Hernandez
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Magali Batty
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Marie Gomot
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
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15
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Trujillo SP, Valencia S, Trujillo N, Ugarriza JE, Rodríguez MV, Rendón J, Pineda DA, López JD, Ibañez A, Parra MA. Atypical Modulations of N170 Component during Emotional Processing and Their Links to Social Behaviors in Ex-combatants. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:244. [PMID: 28588462 PMCID: PMC5440593 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional processing (EP) is crucial for the elaboration and implementation of adaptive social strategies. EP is also necessary for the expression of social cognition and behavior (SCB) patterns. It is well-known that war contexts induce socio-emotional atypical functioning, in particular for those who participate in combats. Thus, ex-combatants represent an ideal non-clinical population to explore EP modulation and to evaluate its relation with SCB. The aim of this study was to explore EP and its relation with SCB dimensions such as empathy, theory of mind and social skills in a sample of 50 subjects, of which 30 were ex-combatants from illegally armed groups in Colombia, and 20 controls without combat experience. We adapted an Emotional Recognition Task for faces and words and synchronized it with electroencephalographic recording. Ex-combatants presented with higher assertion skills and showed more pronounced brain responses to faces than Controls. They did not show the bias toward anger observed in control participants whereby the latter group was more likely to misclassify neutral faces as angry. However, ex-combatants showed an atypical word valence processing. That is, words with different emotions yielded no differences in N170 modulations. SCB variables were successfully predicted by neurocognitive variables. Our results suggest that in ex-combatants the links between EP and SCB functions are reorganized. This may reflect neurocognitive modulations associated to chronic exposure to war experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Trujillo
- Doctoral Program in Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad de GranadaGranada, Spain.,GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Stella Valencia
- GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia Trujillo
- GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia.,Neuroscience Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan E Ugarriza
- Facultad de Jurisprudencia, Universidad del RosarioBogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica V Rodríguez
- SISTEMIC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge Rendón
- Neuroscience Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia.,Neuropsychology and Behavior Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - David A Pineda
- Neuropsychology and Behavior Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - José D López
- SISTEMIC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Agustín Ibañez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquilla, Colombia.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiago, Chile.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,ACR Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, SydneyNSW, Australia
| | - Mario A Parra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquilla, Colombia.,Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh, United Kingdom
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16
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McMahon CM, Henderson HA, Newell L, Jaime M, Mundy P. Metacognitive Awareness of Facial Affect in Higher-Functioning Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 46:882-98. [PMID: 26496991 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Higher-functioning participants with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) viewed a series of face stimuli, made decisions regarding the affect of each face, and indicated their confidence in each decision. Confidence significantly predicted accuracy across all participants, but this relation was stronger for participants with typical development than participants with ASD. In the hierarchical linear modeling analysis, there were no differences in face processing accuracy between participants with and without ASD, but participants with ASD were more confident in their decisions. These results suggest that individuals with ASD have metacognitive impairments and are overconfident in face processing. Additionally, greater metacognitive awareness was predictive of better face processing accuracy, suggesting that metacognition may be a pivotal skill to teach in interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla M McMahon
- Psychology Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY, 13323, USA.
| | - Heather A Henderson
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lisa Newell
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 1020 Oakland Avenue, Indiana, PA, 15705, USA
| | - Mark Jaime
- Division of Science, Indiana University - Purdue University - Columbus, 4601 Central Avenue, Columbus, IN, 47203, USA
| | - Peter Mundy
- M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California - Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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17
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Prete G, Capotosto P, Zappasodi F, Laeng B, Tommasi L. The cerebral correlates of subliminal emotions: an eleoencephalographic study with emotional hybrid faces. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2952-62. [PMID: 26370468 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a high-resolution electroencephalographic study, participants evaluated the friendliness level of upright and inverted 'hybrid faces', i.e. facial photos containing a subliminal emotional core in the low spatial frequencies (< 6 cycles/image), superimposed on a neutral expression in the rest of the spatial frequencies. Upright happy and angry faces were judged as more friendly or less friendly than neutral faces, respectively. We observed the time course of cerebral correlates of these stimuli with event-related potentials (ERPs), confirming that hybrid faces elicited the posterior emotion-related and face-related components (P1, N170 and P2), previously shown to be engaged by non-subliminal emotional stimuli. In addition, these components were stronger in the right hemisphere and were both enhanced and delayed by face inversion. A frontal positivity (210-300 ms) was stronger for emotional than for neutral faces, and for upright than for inverted faces. Hence, hybrid faces represent an original approach in the study of subliminal emotions, which appears promising for investigating their electrophysiological correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Prete
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Blocco A, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Capotosto
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Blocco A, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66013, Chieti, Italy.,Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Filippo Zappasodi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Blocco A, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66013, Chieti, Italy.,Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Bruno Laeng
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luca Tommasi
- Department of Psychological Science, Health and Territory, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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18
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Serino A, Sforza AL, Kanayama N, van Elk M, Kaliuzhna M, Herbelin B, Blanke O. Tuning of temporo-occipital activity by frontal oscillations during virtual mirror exposure causes erroneous self-recognition. Eur J Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serino
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Station 19, SV 2805 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Anna Laura Sforza
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Station 19, SV 2805 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Noriaki Kanayama
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Station 19, SV 2805 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Michiel van Elk
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Station 19, SV 2805 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Mariia Kaliuzhna
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Station 19, SV 2805 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Station 19, SV 2805 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Station 19, SV 2805 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital; Geneva Switzerland
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19
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MacNamara A, Vergés A, Kujawa A, Fitzgerald KD, Monk CS, Phan KL. Age-related changes in emotional face processing across childhood and into young adulthood: Evidence from event-related potentials. Dev Psychobiol 2015. [PMID: 26220144 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Socio-emotional processing is an essential part of development, and age-related changes in its neural correlates can be observed. The late positive potential (LPP) is a measure of motivated attention that can be used to assess emotional processing; however, changes in the LPP elicited by emotional faces have not been assessed across a wide age range in childhood and young adulthood. We used an emotional face matching task to examine behavior and event-related potentials (ERPs) in 33 youth aged 7-19 years old. Younger children were slower when performing the matching task. The LPP elicited by emotional faces but not control stimuli (geometric shapes) decreased with age; by contrast, an earlier ERP (the P1) decreased with age for both faces and shapes, suggesting increased efficiency of early visual processing. Results indicate age-related attenuation in emotional processing that may stem from greater efficiency and regulatory control when performing a socio-emotional task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annmarie MacNamara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - Alvaro Vergés
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - K Luan Phan
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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20
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Miki K, Honda Y, Takeshima Y, Watanabe S, Kakigi R. Differential age-related changes in N170 responses to upright faces, inverted faces, and eyes in Japanese children. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:263. [PMID: 26082700 PMCID: PMC4451338 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to investigate the development of face perception in Japanese children, focusing on the changes in face processing strategies (holistic and/or configural vs. feature-based) that occur during childhood. To achieve this, we analyzed the face-related N170 component, evoked by upright face, inverted face, and eyes stimuli in 82 Japanese children aged between 8- and 13-years-old. During the experiment, the children were asked to perform a target detection task in which they were told to press a button when they saw images of faces or kettles with mustaches, glasses, and fake noses; i.e., an implicit face perception task. The N170 signals observed after the presentation of the upright face stimuli were longer in duration and/or had at least two peaks in the 8–11-year-old children, whereas those seen in the 12–13-year-old children were sharp and only had a single peak. N170 latency was significantly longer after the presentation of the eyes stimuli than after the presentation of the upright face stimuli in the 10- and 12-year-old children. In addition, significant differences in N170 latency were observed among all three stimulus types in the 13-year-old children. N170 amplitude was significantly greater after the presentation of the eyes stimuli than after the presentation of the upright face stimuli in the 8–10- and 12-year-old children. The results of the present study indicate that the upright face stimuli were processed using holistic and/or configural processing by the 13-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Miki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, Japan ; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Hayama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Honda
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Takeshima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shoko Watanabe
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, Japan ; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Hayama, Japan
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