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Guan PP, Cao LL, Yang Y, Wang P. Calcium Ions Aggravate Alzheimer's Disease Through the Aberrant Activation of Neuronal Networks, Leading to Synaptic and Cognitive Deficits. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:757515. [PMID: 34924952 PMCID: PMC8674839 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.757515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the production and deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, leading to the formation of β-amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although calcium ions (Ca2+) promote the formation of APs and NFTs, no systematic review of the mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the development and progression of AD has been published. Therefore, the current review aimed to fill the gaps between elevated Ca2+ levels and the pathogenesis of AD. Specifically, we mainly focus on the molecular mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the neuronal networks of neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, neurogenesis, neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, and autophagy. Furthermore, the roles of Ca2+ transporters located in the cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and lysosome in mediating the effects of Ca2+ on activating neuronal networks that ultimately contribute to the development and progression of AD are discussed. Finally, the drug candidates derived from herbs used as food or seasoning in Chinese daily life are summarized to provide a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Sushma, Mondal AC. Role of GPCR signaling and calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 101:103414. [PMID: 31655116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a late onset neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by the loss of memory, disordered cognitive function, caused by accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the neocortex and hippocampal brain area. Extensive research has been done on the findings of the disease etiology or pathological causes of aggregation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein without much promising results. Recently, calcium dysregulation has been reported to play an important role in the pathophysiology of AD. Calcium ion acts as one of the major secondary messengers, regulates many signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, transcription and apoptosis. Calcium signaling is one of the major signaling pathways involved in the formation of memory, generation of energy and other physiological functions. It also can modulate function of many proteins upon binding. Dysregulation in calcium homeostasis leads to many physiological changes leading to neurodegenerative diseases including AD. In AD, GPCRs generate secondary messengers which regulate calcium homeostasis inside the cell and is reported to be disturbed in the pathological condition. Calcium channels and receptors present on the plasma membrane and intracellular organelle maintain calcium homeostasis through different signaling mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the different calcium channels and receptors involved in calcium dysregulation which in turn play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. Understanding the role of calcium channels and GPCRs to maintain calcium homeostasis is an attempt to develop effective AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
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3
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Wang X, Zheng W. Ca 2+ homeostasis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on plasma membrane and cell organelles. FASEB J 2019; 33:6697-6712. [PMID: 30848934 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801751r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that Ca2+ is a vital factor in modulating the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In healthy neurons, Ca2+ concentration is balanced to maintain a lower level in the cytosol than in the extracellular space or certain intracellular compartments such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the lysosome, whereas this homeostasis is broken in AD. On the plasma membrane, the AD hallmarks amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau interact with ligand-gated or voltage-gated Ca2+-influx channels and inhibit the Ca2+-efflux ATPase or exchangers, leading to an elevated intracellular Ca2+ level and disrupted Ca2+ signal. In the ER, the disabled presenilin "Ca2+ leak" function and the direct implications of Aβ and presenilin mutants contribute to Ca2+-signal disorder. The enhanced ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated Ca2+ release from the ER aggravates cytosolic Ca2+ disorder and triggers apoptosis; the down-regulated ER Ca2+ sensor, stromal interaction molecule (STIM), alleviates store-operated Ca2+ entry in plasma membrane, leading to spine loss. The increased transfer of Ca2+ from ER to mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) causes Ca2+ overload in the mitochondrial matrix and consequently opens the cellular damage-related channel, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In this review, we discuss the effects of Aβ, tau and presenilin on neuronal Ca2+ signal, focusing on the receptors and regulators in plasma membrane and ER; we briefly introduce the involvement of MAM-mediated Ca2+ transfer and mPTP opening in AD pathogenesis.-Wang, X., Zheng, W. Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on plasma membrane and cell organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Muneer A, Shamsher Khan RM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Chonnam Med J 2019; 55:8-19. [PMID: 30740335 PMCID: PMC6351318 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2019.55.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an indispensable sub-cellular component of the eukaryotic cell carries out essential functions, is critical to the survival of the organism. The chaperone proteins and the folding enzymes which are multi-domain ER effectors carry out 3-dimensional conformation of nascent polypeptides and check misfolded protein aggregation, easing the exit of functional proteins from the ER. Diverse conditions, for instance redox imbalance, alterations in ionic calcium levels, and inflammatory signaling can perturb the functioning of the ER, leading to a build-up of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen. This results in ER stress, and aiming to reinstate protein homeostasis, a well conserved reaction called the unfolded protein response (UPR) is elicited. Equally, in protracted cellular stress or inadequate compensatory reaction, UPR pathway leads to cell loss. Dysfunctional ER mechanisms are responsible for neuronal degeneration in numerous human diseases, for instance Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. In addition, mounting proof indicates that ER stress is incriminated in psychiatric diseases like major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Accumulating evidence suggests that pharmacological agents regulating the working of ER may have a role in diminishing advancing neuronal dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, new findings are examined which link the foremost mechanisms connecting ER stress and cell homeostasis. Furthermore, a supposed new pathogenic model of major neuropsychiatry disorders is provided, with ER stress proposed as the pivotal step in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ather Muneer
- Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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5
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Zhang S, Chai R, Yang YY, Guo SQ, Wang S, Guo T, Xu SF, Zhang YH, Wang ZY, Guo C. Chronic diabetic states worsen Alzheimer neuropathology and cognitive deficits accompanying disruption of calcium signaling in leptin-deficient APP/PS1 mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43617-43634. [PMID: 28467789 PMCID: PMC5546429 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coincidences between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are so compelling that it is attractive to speculate that diabetic conditions might aggravate AD pathologies by calcium dysfunction, although the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved remains elusive. The present work was undertaken to investigate whether calcium dyshomeostasis is associated with the exacerbated Alzheimer-like cognitive dysfunction observed in diabetic conditions in APP/PS1-ob/ob mice, which were generated by crossing ob/ob mice with APP/PS1 mice. We confirmed that the diabetic condition can aggravate not only Aβ deposition but also tau phosphorylation, synaptic loss, neuronal death, and inflammation, exacerbating cognitive impairment in AD mice. More importantly, we found that the diabetic condition dramatically elevated calcium levels in APP/PS1 mice, thereby stimulating the phosphorylation of the calcium-dependent kinases. Our findings suggest that controlling over-elevation of intracellular calcium may provide novel insights for approaching AD in diabetic patients and delaying AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Chai
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Qi Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Egorova PA, Bezprozvanny IB. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and neurodegenerative disorders. FEBS J 2018; 285:3547-3565. [PMID: 29253316 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3 R) is an intracellular ion channel that mediates the release of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum. It plays a role in basic biological functions, such as cell division, differentiation, fertilization and cell death, and is involved in developmental processes including learning, memory and behavior. Deregulation of neuronal calcium signaling results in disturbance of cell homeostasis, synaptic loss and dysfunction, eventually leading to cell death. Three IP3 R subtypes have been identified in mammalian cells and the predominant isoform in neurons is IP3 R type 1. Dysfunction of IP3 R type 1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of certain neurodegenerative diseases as enhanced activity of the IP3 R was observed in models of Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias and Alzheimer's disease. These results suggest that IP3 R-mediated signaling is a potential target for treatment of these disorders. In this review we discuss the structure, functions and regulation of the IP3 R in healthy neurons and in conditions of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A Egorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya B Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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7
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Arrestins contribute to amyloid beta-induced cell death via modulation of autophagy and the α7nAch receptor in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3446. [PMID: 28611418 PMCID: PMC5469748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is believed to contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we showed that Aβ25-35 rapidly caused activation of autophagy, subsequently leading to reduction of autophagy associated with cellular apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that the accumulation of β-arrestin 1 (ARRB1) caused by Aβ25-35 contributed to the induction of autophagic flux. The depletion of ARRB1 led to decreases in the expression of LC3B, Atg7, and Beclin-1, which are essential for the initiation of autophagy. ARRB1 depletion also reduced downstream ERK activity and promoted Aβ25-35-induced cell death. As with ARRB1, transient upregulation of ARRB2 by Aβ25-35 was observed after short treatment durations, whereas genetic reduction of ARRB2 caused a marked increase in the expression of the α7nAch receptor at the cell surface, which resulted in partial reversal of Aβ25-35-induced cell death. Although expression of both ARRB1 and ARRB2 was reduced in serum from patients with AD, the levels of ARRB1 were much lower than those of ARRB2 in AD. Thus, our findings indicate that ARRB1/2 play different roles in Aβ25-35 cytotoxicity, which may provide additional support for exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of AD.
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Gordon R, Podolski I, Makarova E, Deev A, Mugantseva E, Khutsyan S, Sengpiel F, Murashev A, Vorobyov V. Intrahippocampal Pathways Involved in Learning/Memory Mechanisms are Affected by Intracerebral Infusions of Amyloid-β25-35 Peptide and Hydrated Fullerene C60 in Rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 58:711-724. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-161182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gordon
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Igor Podolski
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Makarova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander Deev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Mugantseva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sergey Khutsyan
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK
| | - Arkady Murashev
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vasily Vorobyov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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9
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Wang P, Wang ZY. Metal ions influx is a double edged sword for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:265-290. [PMID: 27829171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia in aged people, which is defined by two pathological characteristics: β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although the mechanisms of AD development are still being debated, a series of evidence supports the idea that metals, such as copper, iron, zinc, magnesium and aluminium, are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, the processes of Aβ deposition in senile plaques (SP) and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are markedly influenced by alterations in the homeostasis of the aforementioned metal ions. Moreover, the mechanisms of oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy and apoptosis mediate the effects of metal ions-induced the aggregation state of Aβ and phosphorylated tau on AD development. More importantly, imbalance of these mechanisms finally caused cognitive decline in different experiment models. Collectively, reconstructing the signaling network that regulates AD progression by metal ions may provide novel insights for developing chelators specific for metal ions to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
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10
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Zhang B, He P, Lu Y, Bian X, Yang X, Fu X, Wu Y, Li D. HSF1 Relieves Amyloid-β-Induced Cardiomyocytes Apoptosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 72:579-87. [PMID: 25631374 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-β in organs results in a series of diseases. Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is the master regulator of genes encoding molecular chaperones and attenuates apoptosis induced by multiple factors. However, the role of HSF1 on amyloid-β-induced apoptosis is still unknown. The present study was aimed to explore the function of HSF1 in amyloid-β-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to detect cell apoptosis. Phalloidin staining was used to detect cytoskeleton injury. Changes in expression levels of proteins involved in apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress were measured by Western blot. In our study, amyloid-β was found to promote apoptosis, impair cytoskeleton, and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in isolated cardiomyocytes. However, these damaging effects of amyloid-β can be relieved by over-expression of HSF1, and the protective role of HSF1 might be associated with the regulation of HSPs expressions. Results of our study suggest that over-expression of HSF1 might become a promising gene therapeutic for the treatment of heart diseases associated with amyloid-β accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiru Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ping He
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yonghao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohui Bian
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Detian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
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11
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IGF-1 protects against Aβ25-35-induced neuronal cell death via inhibition of PUMA expression and Bax activation. Neurosci Lett 2017; 637:188-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Berridge MJ. The Inositol Trisphosphate/Calcium Signaling Pathway in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1261-96. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular functions are regulated by calcium (Ca2+) signals that are generated by different signaling pathways. One of these is the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium (InsP3/Ca2+) signaling pathway that operates through either primary or modulatory mechanisms. In its primary role, it generates the Ca2+ that acts directly to control processes such as metabolism, secretion, fertilization, proliferation, and smooth muscle contraction. Its modulatory role occurs in excitable cells where it modulates the primary Ca2+ signal generated by the entry of Ca2+ through voltage-operated channels that releases Ca2+ from ryanodine receptors (RYRs) on the internal stores. In carrying out this modulatory role, the InsP3/Ca2+ signaling pathway induces subtle changes in the generation and function of the voltage-dependent primary Ca2+ signal. Changes in the nature of both the primary and modulatory roles of InsP3/Ca2+ signaling are a contributory factor responsible for the onset of a large number human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Berridge
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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13
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Kurauchi Y, Hisatsune A, Seki T, Katsuki H. Na+, K+-ATPase dysfunction causes cerebrovascular endothelial cell degeneration in rat prefrontal cortex slice cultures. Brain Res 2016; 1644:249-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Dá Mesquita S, Ferreira AC, Sousa JC, Correia-Neves M, Sousa N, Marques F. Insights on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: The crosstalk between amyloid pathology, neuroinflammation and the peripheral immune system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:547-562. [PMID: 27328788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, whose prevalence is growing along with the increased life expectancy. Although the accumulation and deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the brain is viewed as one of the pathological hallmarks of AD and underlies, at least in part, brain cell dysfunction and behavior alterations, the etiology of this neurodegenerative disease is still poorly understood. Noticeably, increased amyloid load is accompanied by marked inflammatory alterations, both at the level of the brain parenchyma and at the barriers of the brain. However, it is debatable whether the neuroinflammation observed in aging and in AD, together with alterations in the peripheral immune system, are responsible for increased amyloidogenesis, decreased clearance of Aβ out of the brain and/or the marked deficits in memory and cognition manifested by AD patients. Herein, we scrutinize some important traits of the pathophysiology of aging and AD, focusing on the interplay between the amyloidogenic pathway, neuroinflammation and the peripheral immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Dá Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimaraes, Portugal.
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15
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Intracellular Calcium Dysregulation: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6701324. [PMID: 27340665 PMCID: PMC4909906 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6701324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neuronal loss. AD is associated with aberrant processing of the amyloid precursor protein, which leads to the deposition of amyloid-β plaques within the brain. Together with plaques deposition, the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubules associated protein tau and the formation of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles are a typical neuropathological feature in AD brains. Cellular dysfunctions involving specific subcellular compartments, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are emerging as crucial players in the pathogenesis of AD, as well as increased oxidative stress and dysregulation of calcium homeostasis. Specifically, dysregulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis has been suggested as a common proximal cause of neural dysfunction in AD. Aberrant calcium signaling has been considered a phenomenon mainly related to the dysfunction of intracellular calcium stores, which can occur in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells. This review reports the most recent findings on cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AD, with main focus on the control of calcium homeostasis at both cytosolic and mitochondrial level.
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16
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Park EH, Kim JM, Kim KM, Kang D, Cho YA, Choi JY, Song JY, Kang HL, Lee WK, Cho MJ, Rhee KH, Seo JH, Youn HS, Baik SC. Helicobacter pylori γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-induced Ca(2+) release via PLC-IP3 receptors in AGS cells. Can J Microbiol 2015; 60:865-8. [PMID: 25409842 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) isolated from Helicobacter pylori induced apoptosis of AGS cells. Here, we investigate Ca(2+) effects on GGT-induced apoptosis. The GGT transiently and significantly increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The GGT-induced Ca(2+) increase resulted from Ca(2+) influx and release through the phospholipase C - inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (PLC-IP3) pathway. The GGT-induced apoptosis was significantly reduced by treatment with U73122 (a PLC inhibitor) and xestospongin (an IP3 receptor antagonist) (P < 0.05). These results indicate that GGT could induce apoptosis of AGS cells by high levels of [Ca(2+)]i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Park
- a Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Chiram-dong 90, Jinju 660-751, Korea
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