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Nolan E, Loh KK, Petrides M. Morphological patterns and spatial probability maps of the inferior frontal sulcus in the human brain. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26759. [PMID: 38989632 PMCID: PMC11237881 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The inferior frontal sulcus (ifs) is a prominent sulcus on the lateral frontal cortex, separating the middle frontal gyrus from the inferior frontal gyrus. The morphology of the ifs can be difficult to distinguish from adjacent sulci, which are often misidentified as continuations of the ifs. The morphological variability of the ifs and its relationship to surrounding sulci were examined in 40 healthy human subjects (i.e., 80 hemispheres). The sulci were identified and labeled on the native cortical surface meshes of individual subjects, permitting proper intra-sulcal assessment. Two main morphological patterns of the ifs were identified across hemispheres: in Type I, the ifs was a single continuous sulcus, and in Type II, the ifs was discontinuous and appeared in two segments. The morphology of the ifs could be further subdivided into nine subtypes based on the presence of anterior and posterior sulcal extensions. The ifs was often observed to connect, either superficially or completely, with surrounding sulci, and seldom appeared as an independent sulcus. The spatial variability of the ifs and its various morphological configurations were quantified in the form of surface spatial probability maps which are made publicly available in the standard fsaverage space. These maps demonstrated that the ifs generally occupied a consistent position across hemispheres and across individuals. The normalized mean sulcal depths associated with the main morphological types were also computed. The present study provides the first detailed description of the ifs as a sulcal complex composed of segments and extensions that can be clearly differentiated from adjacent sulci. These descriptions, together with the spatial probability maps, are critical for the accurate identification of the ifs in anatomical and functional neuroimaging studies investigating the structural characteristics and functional organization of this region in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Nolan
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kep Kee Loh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Petrides
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Willbrand EH, Tsai YH, Gagnant T, Weiner KS. Updating the sulcal landscape of the human lateral parieto-occipital junction provides anatomical, functional, and cognitive insights. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.08.544284. [PMID: 38798426 PMCID: PMC11118496 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent work has uncovered relationships between evolutionarily new small and shallow cerebral indentations, or sulci, and human behavior. Yet, this relationship remains unexplored in the lateral parietal cortex (LPC) and the lateral parieto-occipital junction (LPOJ). After defining thousands of sulci in a young adult cohort, we revised the previous LPC/LPOJ sulcal landscape to include four previously overlooked, small, shallow, and variable sulci. One of these sulci (ventral supralateral occipital sulcus, slocs-v) is present in nearly every hemisphere and is morphologically, architecturally, and functionally dissociable from neighboring sulci. A data-driven, model-based approach, relating sulcal depth to behavior further revealed that the morphology of only a subset of LPC/LPOJ sulci, including the slocs-v, is related to performance on a spatial orientation task. Our findings build on classic neuroanatomical theories and identify new neuroanatomical targets for future "precision imaging" studies exploring the relationship among brain structure, brain function, and cognitive abilities in individual participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H. Willbrand
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Yi-Heng Tsai
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Gagnant
- Medical Science Faculty, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kevin S. Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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3
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Häkkinen S, Voorhies WI, Willbrand EH, Tsai YH, Gagnant T, Yao JK, Weiner KS, Bunge SA. Lateral frontoparietal functional connectivity based on individual sulcal morphology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.590165. [PMID: 38659961 PMCID: PMC11042283 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A salient neuroanatomical feature of the human brain is its pronounced cortical folding, and there is mounting evidence that sulcal morphology is relevant to functional brain architecture and cognition. Recent studies have emphasized putative tertiary sulci (pTS): small, shallow, late-developing, and evolutionarily new sulci that have been posited to serve as functional landmarks in association cortices. A fruitful approach to characterizing brain architecture has been to delineate regions based on transitions in fMRI-based functional connectivity profiles; however, exact regional boundaries can change depending on the data used to generate the parcellation. As sulci are fixed neuroanatomical structures, here, we propose to anchor functional connectivity to individual-level sulcal anatomy. We characterized fine-grained patterns of functional connectivity across 42 sulci in lateral prefrontal (LPFC) and lateral parietal cortices (LPC) in a pediatric sample (N = 43; 20 female; ages 7-18). Further, we test for relationships between pTS morphology and functional network architecture, focusing on depth as a defining characteristic of these shallow sulci, and one that has been linked to variability in cognition. We find that 1) individual sulci have distinct patterns of connectivity, but nonetheless cluster together into groups with similar patterns - in some cases with distant rather than neighboring sulci, 2) there is moderate agreement in cluster assignments at the group and individual levels, underscoring the need for individual-level analyses, and 3) across individuals, greater depth was associated with higher network centrality for several pTS. These results highlight the importance of considering individual sulcal morphology for understanding functional brain organization. Significance Statement A salient, and functionally relevant, feature of the human brain is its pronounced cortical folding. However, the links between sulcal anatomy and brain function are still poorly understood - particularly for small, shallow, individually variable sulci in association cortices. Here, we explore functional connectivity among individually defined sulci in lateral prefrontal and parietal regions. We find that individual sulci have distinct patterns of connectivity but nonetheless cluster together into groups with similar connectivity - in some cases spanning lateral prefrontal and parietal sulci. We further show that the network centrality of specific sulci is positively associated with their depth, thereby helping to bridge the gap between individual differences in brain anatomy and functional networks leveraging the sulcal anatomy of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Häkkinen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | - Willa I. Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | - Ethan H. Willbrand
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, 53726 USA
| | - Yi-Heng Tsai
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - Thomas Gagnant
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Medical Science Faculty, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Kevin S. Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | - Silvia A. Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
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4
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Willbrand EH, Parker BJ, Weiner KS. Individual differences, missing sulci, and nomenclature: A comment on "On presentation of the human cerebral sulci from inside the cerebrum". J Anat 2023; 243:1066-1068. [PMID: 37458159 PMCID: PMC10641028 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An average hemisphere of the human cerebral cortex contains over 100 individual folds (sulci). Many of these sulci have been overlooked by classic and modern atlases and neuroimaging tools. These sulci also show prominent individual differences: They can be broken into variable "complexes" and some sulci may not be present altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H Willbrand
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Benjamin J Parker
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Amiez C, Sallet J, Giacometti C, Verstraete C, Gandaux C, Morel-Latour V, Meguerditchian A, Hadj-Bouziane F, Ben Hamed S, Hopkins WD, Procyk E, Wilson CRE, Petrides M. A revised perspective on the evolution of the lateral frontal cortex in primates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9445. [PMID: 37205762 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Detailed neuroscientific data from macaque monkeys have been essential in advancing understanding of human frontal cortex function, particularly for regions of frontal cortex without homologs in other model species. However, precise transfer of this knowledge for direct use in human applications requires an understanding of monkey to hominid homologies, particularly whether and how sulci and cytoarchitectonic regions in the frontal cortex of macaques relate to those in hominids. We combine sulcal pattern analysis with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and cytoarchitectonic analysis to show that old-world monkey brains have the same principles of organization as hominid brains, with the notable exception of sulci in the frontopolar cortex. This essential comparative framework provides insights into primate brain evolution and a key tool to drive translation from invasive research in monkeys to human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Amiez
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Jérôme Sallet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France
- Wellcome Integrative Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Camille Giacometti
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Charles Verstraete
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Clémence Gandaux
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Valentine Morel-Latour
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Adrien Meguerditchian
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13331 Marseille, France
- Station de Primatologie CNRS, UPS846, 13790 Rousset, France
- Brain and Language Research Institute, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13604 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action and Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - William D Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, 78602, USA
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Charles R E Wilson
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Michael Petrides
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Psychology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Tomaiuolo F, Raffa G, Morelli A, Rizzo V, Germanó A, Petrides M. Sulci and gyri are topological cerebral landmarks in individual subjects: a study of brain navigation during tumor resection. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:2037-2046. [PMID: 35441404 PMCID: PMC9321027 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection of brain tumors aims at the maximal safe resection of the pathological tissue with minimal functional impairment. To achieve this objective, reliable anatomical landmarks are indispensable to navigate into the brain. The neuronavigation system can provide information to target the location of the patient's lesion, but after the craniotomy, a brain shift and relaxation mismatch with it often occurs. By contrast, sulci/gyri are topological cerebral landmarks in individual patients and do shift with the brain parenchyma during lesion removal, but remain independent from brain shift in relation to the sulci/gyri. Here we present a case report of a novel strategy based on anatomical landmarks to guide intra-operative brain tumor resection, without using a standard neuronavigation system. A pre-operative brain mapping of the peri-tumoral sulci by the MRI and surface reconstruction was followed by confirmation of the anatomical landmarks for the motor cortex using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation. The resulting location was used as a seed for diffusion tensor imaging tractography to reconstruct the corticospinal tracts. These selected cortical landmarks (sulci/gyri) delimited the margins of the two lesions and the specific location under which the corticospinal tract courses, thus facilitating monitoring of the peri-tumoral region during brain resection. In this case, 96% of the brain tumor from the peri-central somatomotor region was successfully removed without chronic post-operative motor impairments. This approach is based on cortical anatomy that is fixed during surgery and does not suffer from the brain shift that could misplace the lesion according to the neuronavigation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tomaiuolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Raffa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department BIOMORF, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Adolfo Morelli
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department BIOMORF, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rizzo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department BIOMORF, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanó
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department BIOMORF, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael Petrides
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, QC, Canada
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7
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Drudik K, Zlatkina V, Petrides M. Morphological patterns and spatial probability maps of the superior parietal sulcus in the human brain. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:1230-1245. [PMID: 35388402 PMCID: PMC9930623 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The superior parietal sulcus (SPS) is the defining sulcus within the superior parietal lobule (SPL). The morphological variability of the SPS was examined in individual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the human brain that were registered to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) standard stereotaxic space. Two primary morphological patterns were consistently identified across hemispheres: (i) the SPS was identified as a single sulcus, separating the anterior from the posterior part of the SPL and (ii) the SPS was found as a complex of multiple sulcal segments. These morphological patterns were subdivided based on whether the SPS or SPS complex remained distinct or merged with surrounding parietal sulci. The morphological variability and spatial extent of the SPS were quantified using volumetric and surface spatial probabilistic mapping. The current investigation established consistent morphological patterns in a common anatomical space, the MNI stereotaxic space, to facilitate structural and functional analyses within the SPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Drudik
- Corresponding author: Kristina Drudik, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Veronika Zlatkina
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4,Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1G1
| | - Michael Petrides
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4,Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1G1
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8
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Germann J, Chakravarty MM, Collins DL, Petrides M. Tight Coupling between Morphological Features of the Central Sulcus and Somatomotor Body Representations: A Combined Anatomical and Functional MRI Study. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:1843-1854. [PMID: 31711125 PMCID: PMC7132904 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioneering research established the concept of somatotopic organization of the primary motor and somatosensory cortex along the central sulcus as depicted in the widely known schematic illustration (the "homunculus") by Penfield and colleagues. With the exception of the hand, however, a precise relationship between morphological features of the central sulcus and the representation of various parts of the body has not been addressed. To investigate whether such relations between anatomical features and functional body representations exist, we first examined central sulcus morphology in detail and then conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to establish somatomotor representations. This study established that the central sulcus is composed of five distinct sulcal segments and demonstrated that each segment relates systematically to the sensorimotor representation of distinct parts of the body. Thus, local morphology predicts the localization of body representations with precision, raising fundamental questions regarding functional and morphological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Germann
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- CIC, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Michael Petrides
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
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9
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Amiez C, Sallet J, Hopkins WD, Meguerditchian A, Hadj-Bouziane F, Ben Hamed S, Wilson CRE, Procyk E, Petrides M. Sulcal organization in the medial frontal cortex provides insights into primate brain evolution. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3437. [PMID: 31366944 PMCID: PMC6668397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the relative expansion of the frontal cortex in primate evolution is generally accepted, the nature of the human uniqueness, if any, and between-species anatomo-functional comparisons of the frontal areas remain controversial. To provide a novel interpretation of the evolution of primate brains, sulcal morphological variability of the medial frontal cortex was assessed in Old World monkeys (macaque/baboon) and Hominoidea (chimpanzee/human). We show that both Hominoidea possess a paracingulate sulcus, which was previously thought to be unique to the human brain and linked to higher cognitive functions, such as mentalizing. Also, we show systematic sulcal morphological organization of the medial frontal cortex that can be traced from Old World monkeys to Hominoidea species, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved organizational principle. These data provide a new framework to compare sulcal morphology, cytoarchitectonic areal distribution, connectivity, and function across the primate order, leading to clear predictions about how other primate brains might be anatomo-functionally organized. The frontal cortex has expanded over primate evolution. Here, the authors use neuroimaging data from the brains of humans, chimpanzees, baboons, and macaques, to reveal shared and distinct sulcal morphology of the medial frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Amiez
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France.
| | - Jérôme Sallet
- Wellcome Integrative Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK
| | - William D Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, 78602, USA
| | - Adrien Meguerditchian
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13331, Marseille, France.,Station de Primatologie CNRS, UPS846, 13790, Rousset, France.,Brain & Language Research Institute, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13604, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University of Lyon 1, 69500, Lyon, France
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69675, Bron, France
| | - Charles R E Wilson
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Michael Petrides
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
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Sprung-Much T, Petrides M. Morphological patterns and spatial probability maps of two defining sulci of the posterior ventrolateral frontal cortex of the human brain: the sulcus diagonalis and the anterior ascending ramus of the lateral fissure. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:4125-4152. [PMID: 30167866 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The sulcus diagonalis (ds) and the anterior ascending ramus of the lateral fissure (aalf) are two defining sulci of the posterior ventrolateral frontal cortex, which is also known as the anterior language region in the language dominant hemisphere. The aalf extends dorsally from the lateral fissure, separating the pars opercularis from the pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus. The ds, which is a relatively vertical sulcus, is found within the pars opercularis. Given the proximity and similar orientation of these two sulci, it can be difficult to identify them properly. The present study provides a means of differentiating these two sulci accurately using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxels within the ds and the aalf were labeled in 40 in vivo MRI volumes (1.5 T) that had been linearly registered to the Montreal Neurological Institute stereotaxic space to examine the morphological patterns of these two sulci and classify these patterns based on relations with neighboring sulci. The morphological variability and spatial extent of each sulcus was then quantified in the form of volumetric and surface spatial probability maps. The ds, a rather superficial sulcus, could be identified in 51.25% of hemispheres. The aalf, on the other hand, could be identified in 96.25% of hemispheres and was observed to extend medially, deep below the surface of the hemisphere, to reach the circular sulcus of the insula. Understanding the details of the sulcal morphology of this region, which, in the language dominant left hemisphere, constitutes Broca's area, is crucial to functional and structural neuroimaging studies investigating language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisanna Sprung-Much
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, H3A 2B4, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, H3A 1B1, QC, Canada.
| | - Michael Petrides
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, H3A 2B4, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, H3A 1B1, QC, Canada
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