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Furrer M, Meier SA, Jan M, Franken P, Sundset MA, Brown SA, Wagner GC, Huber R. Reindeer in the Arctic reduce sleep need during rumination. Curr Biol 2024; 34:427-433.e5. [PMID: 38141616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Timing and quantity of sleep depend on a circadian (∼24-h) rhythm and a specific sleep requirement.1 Sleep curtailment results in a homeostatic rebound of more and deeper sleep, the latter reflected in increased electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-wave activity (SWA) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.2 Circadian rhythms are synchronized by the light-dark cycle but persist under constant conditions.3,4,5 Strikingly, arctic reindeer behavior is arrhythmic during the solstices.6 Moreover, the Arctic's extreme seasonal environmental changes cause large variations in overall activity and food intake.7 We hypothesized that the maintenance of optimal functioning under these extremely fluctuating conditions would require adaptations not only in daily activity patterns but also in the homeostatic regulation of sleep. We studied sleep using non-invasive EEG in four Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Tromsø, Norway (69°N) during the fall equinox and both solstices. As expected, sleep-wake rhythms paralleled daily activity distribution, and sleep deprivation resulted in a homeostatic rebound in all seasons. Yet, these sleep rebounds were smaller in summer and fall than in winter. Surprisingly, SWA decreased not only during NREM sleep but also during rumination. Quantitative modeling revealed that sleep pressure decayed at similar rates during the two behavioral states. Finally, reindeer spent less time in NREM sleep the more they ruminated. These results suggest that they can sleep during rumination. The ability to reduce sleep need during rumination-undisturbed phases for both sleep recovery and digestion-might allow for near-constant feeding in the arctic summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Furrer
- Child Development Center and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara A Meier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Jan
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Bioinformatics Competence Center, University of Lausanne, Génopode building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monica A Sundset
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Steven A Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela C Wagner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; Division of Forest and Forest Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Holtvegen 66, 9016 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Gangitano E, Martinez-Sanchez N, Bellini MI, Urciuoli I, Monterisi S, Mariani S, Ray D, Gnessi L. Weight Loss and Sleep, Current Evidence in Animal Models and Humans. Nutrients 2023; 15:3431. [PMID: 37571368 PMCID: PMC10420950 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a vital process essential for survival. The trend of reduction in the time dedicated to sleep has increased in industrialized countries, together with the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Short sleep may increase the risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and on the other hand, obesity is associated with sleep disorders, such as obstructive apnea disease, insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep and metabolic disorders are linked; therefore, identifying the physiological and molecular pathways involved in sleep regulation and metabolic homeostasis can play a major role in ameliorating the metabolic health of the individual. Approaches aimed at reducing body weight could provide benefits for both cardiometabolic risk and sleep quality, which indirectly, in turn, may determine an amelioration of the cardiometabolic phenotype of individuals. We revised the literature on weight loss and sleep, focusing on the mechanisms and the molecules that may subtend this relationship in humans as in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gangitano
- OCDEM Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Noelia Martinez-Sanchez
- OCDEM Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | | | - Irene Urciuoli
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Monterisi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Stefania Mariani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - David Ray
- OCDEM Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Fang LZ, Linehan V, Licursi M, Alberto CO, Power JL, Parsons MP, Hirasawa M. Prostaglandin E 2 activates melanin-concentrating hormone neurons to drive diet-induced obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302809120. [PMID: 37467285 PMCID: PMC10401019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302809120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic inflammation reduces appetite and body weight during inflammatory diseases, while promoting weight gain when induced by high-fat diet (HFD). How hypothalamic inflammation can induce opposite energy balance outcomes remains unclear. We found that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a key hypothalamic inflammatory mediator of sickness, also mediates diet-induced obesity (DIO) by activating appetite-promoting melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in the hypothalamus in rats and mice. The effect of PGE2 on MCH neurons is excitatory at low concentrations while inhibitory at high concentrations, indicating that these neurons can bidirectionally respond to varying levels of inflammation. During prolonged HFD, endogenous PGE2 depolarizes MCH neurons through an EP2 receptor-mediated inhibition of the electrogenic Na+/K+-ATPase. Disrupting this mechanism by genetic deletion of EP2 receptors on MCH neurons is protective against DIO and liver steatosis in male and female mice. Thus, an inflammatory mediator can directly stimulate appetite-promoting neurons to exacerbate DIO and fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Z. Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’sA1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Victoria Linehan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’sA1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Maria Licursi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’sA1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Christian O. Alberto
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’sA1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Jacob L. Power
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’sA1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Matthew P. Parsons
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’sA1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Michiru Hirasawa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’sA1B 3V6, Canada
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Duhart JM, Inami S, Koh K. Many faces of sleep regulation: beyond the time of day and prior wake time. FEBS J 2023; 290:931-950. [PMID: 34908236 PMCID: PMC9198110 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The two-process model of sleep regulation posits two main processes regulating sleep: the circadian process controlled by the circadian clock and the homeostatic process that depends on the history of sleep and wakefulness. The model has provided a dominant conceptual framework for sleep research since its publication ~ 40 years ago. The time of day and prior wake time are the primary factors affecting the circadian and homeostatic processes, respectively. However, it is critical to consider other factors influencing sleep. Since sleep is incompatible with other behaviors, it is affected by the need for essential behaviors such as eating, foraging, mating, caring for offspring, and avoiding predators. Sleep is also affected by sensory inputs, sickness, increased need for memory consolidation after learning, and other factors. Here, we review multiple factors influencing sleep and discuss recent insights into the mechanisms balancing competing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Duhart
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
- These authors contributed equally
- Present address: Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sho Inami
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Kyunghee Koh
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
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Lee SH, Kim EY. Short-term maintenance on a high-sucrose diet alleviates aging-induced sleep fragmentation in drosophila. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:377-386. [PMID: 35059137 PMCID: PMC8765278 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1997801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental behavior in an animal’s life influenced by many internal and external factors, such as aging and diet. Critically, poor sleep quality places people at risk of serious medical conditions. Because aging impairs quality of sleep, measures to improve sleep quality for elderly people are needed. Given that diet can influence many aspects of sleep, we investigated whether a high-sucrose diet (HSD) affected aging-induced sleep fragmentation using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila is a valuable model for studying sleep due to its genetic tractability and many similarities with mammalian sleep. Total sleep duration, sleep bout numbers (SBN), and average sleep bout length (ABL) were compared between young and old flies on a normal sucrose diet (NSD) or HSD. On the NSD, old flies slept slightly more and showed increased SBN and reduced ABL, indicating increased sleep fragmentation. Short-term maintenance of flies in HSD (up to 8 days), but not long-term maintenance (up to 35 days), suppressed aging-induced sleep fragmentation. Our study provides meaningful strategies for preventing the deterioration of sleep quality in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuk Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Liu J, Dimitrov S, Sawangjit A, Born J, Ehrlich I, Hallschmid M. Short-term high-fat feeding induces a reversible net decrease in synaptic AMPA receptors in the hypothalamus. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 87:108516. [PMID: 33022406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary obesity compromises brain function, but the effects of high-fat food on synaptic transmission in hypothalamic networks, as well as their potential reversibility, are yet to be fully characterized. We investigated the impact of high-fat feeding on a hallmark of synaptic plasticity, i.e., the expression of glutamatergic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) that contain the subunits GluA1 and GluA2, in hypothalamic and cortical synaptoneurosomes of male rats. In the main experiment (experiment 1), three days, but not one day of high-fat diet (HFD) decreased the levels of AMPAR GluA1 and GluA2 subunits, as well as GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser845, in hypothalamus but not cortex. In experiment 2, we compared the effects of the three-day HFD with those a three-day HFD followed by four recovery days of normal chow. This experiment corroborated the suppressive effect of high-fat feeding on hypothalamic but not cortical AMPAR GluA1, GluA2, and GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser845, and indicated that the effects are reversed by normal-chow feeding. High-fat feeding generally increased energy intake, body weight, and serum concentrations of insulin, leptin, free fatty acids, and corticosterone; only the three-day HFD increased wakefulness assessed via video analysis. Results indicate a reversible down-regulation of hypothalamic glutamatergic synaptic strength in response to short-term high-fat feeding. Preceding the manifestation of obesity, this rapid change in glutamatergic neurotransmission may underlie counter-regulatory efforts to prevent excess body weight gain, and therefore, represent a new target of interventions to improve metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stoyan Dimitrov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anuck Sawangjit
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Ehrlich
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany.
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Panagiotou M, Rohling JHT, Deboer T. Sleep Network Deterioration as a Function of Dim-Light-At-Night Exposure Duration in a Mouse Model. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:308-324. [PMID: 33089206 PMCID: PMC7573811 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial light, despite its widespread and valuable use, has been associated with deterioration of health and well-being, including altered circadian timing and sleep disturbances, particularly in nocturnal exposure. Recent findings from our lab reveal significant sleep and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) changes owing to three months exposure to dim-light-at-night (DLAN). Aiming to further explore the detrimental effects of DLAN exposure, in the present study, we continuously recorded sleep EEG and the electromyogram for baseline 24-h and following 6-h sleep deprivation in a varied DLAN duration scheme. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a 12:12 h light:DLAN cycle (75lux:5lux) vs. a 12:12 h light:dark cycle (75lux:0lux) for one day, one week, and one month. Our results show that sleep was already affected by a mere day of DLAN exposure with additional complications emerging with increasing DLAN exposure duration, such as the gradual delay of the daily 24-h vigilance state rhythms. We conducted detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) on the locomotor activity data following 1-month and 3-month DLAN exposure, and a significantly less healthy rest-activity pattern, based on the decreased alpha values, was found in both conditions compared to the control light-dark. Taking into account the behavioral, sleep and the sleep EEG parameters, our data suggest that DLAN exposure, even in the shortest duration, induces deleterious effects; nevertheless, potential compensatory mechanisms render the organism partly adjustable and able to cope. We think that, for this reason, our data do not always depict linear divergence among groups, as compared with control conditions. Chronic DLAN exposure impacts the sleep regulatory system, but also brain integrity, diminishing its adaptability and reactivity, especially apparent in the sleep EEG alterations and particular low alpha values following DFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Panagiotou
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.P.); (J.H.T.R.)
| | - Jos H T Rohling
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.P.); (J.H.T.R.)
| | - Tom Deboer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.P.); (J.H.T.R.)
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Panagiotou M, Deboer T. Chronic high-caloric diet accentuates age-induced sleep alterations in mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 362:131-139. [PMID: 30639608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and sleep disturbances comprise major health problems which are likely interrelated. Diet-induced obesity in young mice has been demonstrated to lead towards an altered sleep homeostasis. In the current study, we investigated the effect of chronic (12 weeks) high-caloric diet (HCD, 45% fat) consumption on sleep and the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) in young and older mice (6-month-old, n = 9; 18-month-old, n = 8 and 24-month-old, n = 4) and compared with age-matched controls on normal chow (n = 11, n = 9 and n = 9 respectively). Half of the 24-month-old mice did not cope well with HCD, therefore this group has a lower n and limited statistical power. We recorded EEG and the electromyogram for continuous 48-h and performed a 6-h sleep deprivation during the second day. In aged HCD fed mice (18 months old) compared to young, an aging effect was still evident, characterized by decreased waking and increased NREM sleep in the dark period, decreased REM sleep during the light period, as well as increased slow-wave-activity (SWA, EEG power in NREM sleep in 0.5-4.0 Hz). Additionally, aged HCD treated mice showed increased NREM sleep and decreased waking, compared to age-matched controls, denoting an enhanced aging phenotype in the sleep architecture. Notably, an overall increase was found in the slow component of SWA (0.5-2.5 Hz) in aged HCD fed mice compared to age-matched controls. Our data suggest that the effect of aging is the dominant variable irrespective of diet. However, a synergistic effect of aging and diet is noted indicating that chronic HCD consumption exacerbates age-associated sleep alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Panagiotou
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - T Deboer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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