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Ryan MB, Girasole AE, Flores AJ, Twedell EL, McGregor MM, Brakaj R, Paletzki RF, Hnasko TS, Gerfen CR, Nelson AB. Excessive firing of dyskinesia-associated striatal direct pathway neurons is gated by dopamine and excitatory synaptic input. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114483. [PMID: 39024096 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The striatum integrates dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs to select preferred versus alternative actions. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. One way to study action selection is to understand how it breaks down in pathological states. Here, we explored the cellular and synaptic mechanisms of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a complication of Parkinson's disease therapy characterized by involuntary movements. We used an activity-dependent tool (FosTRAP) in conjunction with a mouse model of LID to investigate functionally distinct subsets of striatal direct pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs). In vivo, levodopa differentially activates dyskinesia-associated (TRAPed) dMSNs compared to other dMSNs. We found this differential activation of TRAPed dMSNs is likely to be driven by higher dopamine receptor expression, dopamine-dependent excitability, and excitatory input from the motor cortex and thalamus. Together, these findings suggest how the intrinsic and synaptic properties of heterogeneous dMSN subpopulations integrate to support action selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Ryan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Allison E Girasole
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrew J Flores
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Emily L Twedell
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew M McGregor
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Rea Brakaj
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ronald F Paletzki
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas S Hnasko
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Charles R Gerfen
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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2
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Sinclair P, Hakeem J, Kumar SG, Loser D, Dixit K, Leist M, Kraushaar U, Kabbani N. Proteomic responses in the human dopaminergic LUHMES cell line to imidacloprid and its metabolites imidacloprid-olefin and desnitro-imidacloprid. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105473. [PMID: 37532312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (neonics) are amongst the most commonly used class of pesticides globally. In the United States, imidacloprid (IMI) is extensively used for agriculture and in other common applications such as house-hold pest control. Regular exposure to IMI, and several of its known metabolites including IMI-olefin and desnitro-imidacloprid (DN-IMI), has been shown to be harmful to many organisms including mammals, birds, and fish. Studies show that neonics bind human nicotinicacetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and cause cellular toxicity. In the dopaminergic Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) cell line, IMI and other neonics (10-100 μM) have been recently shown to activate intracellular calcium signaling through nAChRs. Thus, we examined proteomic responses of LUHMES cells to a 48-h treatment with 50 μM IMI, IMI-olefin, or DN-IMI. Our findings show differential effects of these neonics on cellular protein expression. Bioinformatic analysis of significantly altered proteins indicates an effect of IMI, IMI-olefin, and DN-IMI on protein synthesis and ribosomal function. These findings suggest a role for protein synthesis and transcriptional regulation in neonic-mediated dopaminergic neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Hakeem
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, George Mason University
| | - Sreehari G Kumar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, George Mason University
| | - Dominik Loser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Kushan Dixit
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, George Mason University
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457 Constance, Germany
| | - Udo Kraushaar
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, George Mason University; School of Systems Biology, George Mason University.
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Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease: Pathogenesis and Emerging Treatment Strategies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233736. [PMID: 36496996 PMCID: PMC9736114 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most commonly used treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is levodopa, prescribed in conjunction with carbidopa. Virtually all patients with PD undergo dopamine replacement therapy using levodopa during the course of the disease's progression. However, despite the fact that levodopa is the "gold standard" in PD treatments and has the ability to significantly alleviate PD symptoms, it comes with side effects in advanced PD. Levodopa replacement therapy remains the current clinical treatment of choice for Parkinson's patients, but approximately 80% of the treated PD patients develop levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in the advanced stages of the disease. A better understanding of the pathological mechanisms of LID and possible means of improvement would significantly improve the outcome of PD patients, reduce the complexity of medication use, and lower adverse effects, thus, improving the quality of life of patients and prolonging their life cycle. This review assesses the recent advancements in understanding the underlying mechanisms of LID and the therapeutic management options available after the emergence of LID in patients. We summarized the pathogenesis and the new treatments for LID-related PD and concluded that targeting pathways other than the dopaminergic pathway to treat LID has become a new possibility, and, currently, amantadine, drugs targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, and surgery for PD can target the Parkinson's symptoms caused by LID.
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4
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Iarkov A, Mendoza C, Echeverria V. Cholinergic Receptor Modulation as a Target for Preventing Dementia in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665820. [PMID: 34616271 PMCID: PMC8488354 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in the midbrain resulting in progressive impairment in cognitive and motor abilities. The physiological and molecular mechanisms triggering dopaminergic neuronal loss are not entirely defined. PD occurrence is associated with various genetic and environmental factors causing inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain, leading to oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and reduced viability of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress affects the conformation and function of ions, proteins, and lipids, provoking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and dysfunction. The disruption of protein homeostasis induces the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and parkin and a deficit in proteasome degradation. Also, oxidative stress affects dopamine release by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels. The cholinergic system is essential in modulating the striatal cells regulating cognitive and motor functions. Several muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in the striatum. The nAChRs signaling reduces neuroinflammation and facilitates neuronal survival, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity. Since there is a deficit in the nAChRs in PD, inhibiting nAChRs loss in the striatum may help prevent dopaminergic neurons loss in the striatum and its pathological consequences. The nAChRs can also stimulate other brain cells supporting cognitive and motor functions. This review discusses the cholinergic system as a therapeutic target of cotinine to prevent cognitive symptoms and transition to dementia in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
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Mechanisms of Antiparkinsonian Anticholinergic Therapy Revisited. Neuroscience 2021; 467:201-217. [PMID: 34048797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Before the advent of L-DOPA, the gold standard symptomatic therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), anticholinergic drugs (muscarinic receptor antagonists) were the preferred antiparkinsonian therapy, but their unwanted side effects associated with impaired extrastriatal cholinergic function limited their clinical utility. Since most patients treated with L-DOPA also develop unwanted side effects such as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), better therapies are needed. Recent studies in animal models demonstrate that optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulation of striatal cholinergic interneurons (SCIN), the main source of striatal acetylcholine, modulate parkinsonism and LID, suggesting that restoring SCIN function might serve as a therapeutic option that avoids extrastriatal anticholinergics' side effects. However, it is still unclear how the altered SCIN activity in PD and LID affects the striatal circuit, whereas the mechanisms of action of anticholinergic drugs are still not fully understood. Recent animal model studies showing that SCINs undergo profound changes in their tonic discharge pattern after chronic L-DOPA administration call for a reexamination of classical views of how SCINs contribute to PD symptoms and LID. Here, we review the recent advances on the circuit implications of aberrant striatal cholinergic signaling in PD and LID in an effort to provide a comprehensive framework to understand the effects of anticholinergic drugs and with the aim of shedding light into future perspectives of cholinergic circuit-based therapies.
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Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1381-1390. [PMID: 34003454 PMCID: PMC8129607 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), an age-related progressive neurodegenerative condition, is associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which results in motor deficits characterized by the following: akinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability, as well as nonmotor symptoms such as emotional changes, particularly depression, cognitive impairment, gastrointestinal, and autonomic dysfunction. The most common treatment for PD is focused on dopamine (DA) replacement (e.g., levodopa = L-Dopa), which unfortunately losses its efficacy over months or years and can induce severe dyskinesia. Hence, more efficacious interventions without such adverse effects are urgently needed. In this review, following a general description of PD, potential novel therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease are examined. Specifically, the focus is on nicotine and nicotinic cholinergic system, as well as butyrate, a short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and fatty acid receptors.
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7
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Yang K, Zhao X, Wang C, Zeng C, Luo Y, Sun T. Circuit Mechanisms of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia (LID). Front Neurosci 2021; 15:614412. [PMID: 33776634 PMCID: PMC7988225 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.614412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA is the criterion standard of treatment for Parkinson disease. Although it alleviates some of the Parkinsonian symptoms, long-term treatment induces L-DOPA–induced dyskinesia (LID). Several theoretical models including the firing rate model, the firing pattern model, and the ensemble model are proposed to explain the mechanisms of LID. The “firing rate model” proposes that decreasing the mean firing rates of the output nuclei of basal ganglia (BG) including the globus pallidus internal segment and substantia nigra reticulata, along the BG pathways, induces dyskinesia. The “firing pattern model” claimed that abnormal firing pattern of a single unit activity and local field potentials may disturb the information processing in the BG, resulting in dyskinesia. The “ensemble model” described that dyskinesia symptoms might represent a distributed impairment involving many brain regions, but the number of activated neurons in the striatum correlated most strongly with dyskinesia severity. Extensive evidence for circuit mechanisms in driving LID symptoms has also been presented. LID is a multisystem disease that affects wide areas of the brain. Brain regions including the striatum, the pallidal–subthalamic network, the motor cortex, the thalamus, and the cerebellum are all involved in the pathophysiology of LID. In addition, although both amantadine and deep brain stimulation help reduce LID, these approaches have complications that limit their wide use, and a novel antidyskinetic drug is strongly needed; these require us to understand the circuit mechanism of LID more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changcai Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Abstract
Dystonia is by far the most intrusive and invalidating extrapyramidal side effect of potent classical antipsychotic drugs. Antipsychotic drug-induced dystonia is classified in both acute and tardive forms. The incidence of drug-induced dystonia is associated with the affinity to inhibitory dopamine D2 receptors. Particularly acute dystonia can be treated with anticholinergic drugs, but the tardive form may also respond to such antimuscarinic treatment, which contrasts their effects in tardive dyskinesia. Combining knowledge of the pathophysiology of primary focal dystonia with the anatomical and pharmacological organization of the extrapyramidal system may shed some light on the mechanism of antipsychotic drug-induced dystonia. A suitable hypothesis is derived from the understanding that focal dystonia may be due to a faulty processing of somatosensory input, so leading to inappropriate execution of well-trained motor programmes. Neuroplastic alterations of the sensitivity of extrapyramidal medium-sized spiny projection neurons to stimulation, which are induced by the training of specific complex movements, lead to the sophisticated execution of these motor plans. The sudden and non-selective disinhibition of indirect pathway medium-sized spiny projection neurons by blocking dopamine D2 receptors may distort this process. Shutting down the widespread influence of tonically active giant cholinergic interneurons on all medium-sized spiny projection neurons by blocking muscarinic receptors may result in a reduction of the influence of extrapyramidal cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical regulation. Furthermore, striatal cholinergic interneurons have an important role to play in integrating cerebellar input with the output of cerebral cortex, and are also targeted by dopaminergic nigrostriatal fibres affecting dopamine D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton JM Loonen
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Geestelijke GezondheidsZorg Westelijk Noord-Brabant (GGZ WNB), Mental Health Hospital, Halsteren, The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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9
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Brugnoli A, Pisanò CA, Morari M. Striatal and nigral muscarinic type 1 and type 4 receptors modulate levodopa-induced dyskinesia and striato-nigral pathway activation in 6-hydroxydopamine hemilesioned rats. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 144:105044. [PMID: 32798726 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) contribute to both the facilitation and inhibition of levodopa-induced dyskinesia operated by striatal cholinergic interneurons, although the receptor subtypes involved remain elusive. Cholinergic afferents from the midbrain also innervate the substantia nigra reticulata, although the role of nigral mAChRs in levodopa-induced dyskinesia is unknown. Here, we investigate whether striatal and nigral M1 and/or M4 mAChRs modulate dyskinesia and the underlying striato-nigral GABAergic pathway activation in 6-hydroxydopamine hemilesioned rats. Reverse microdialysis allowed to deliver the mAChR antagonists telenzepine (M1 subtype preferring), PD-102807 and tropicamide (M4 subtype preferring), as well as the selective M4 mAChR positive allosteric modulator VU0152100 in striatum or substantia nigra, while levodopa was administered systemically. Dyskinetic movements were monitored along with nigral GABA (and glutamate) and striatal glutamate dialysate levels, taken as neurochemical correlates of striato-nigral pathway and cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop activation. We observed that intrastriatal telenzepine, PD-102807 and tropicamide alleviated dyskinesia and inhibited nigral GABA and striatal glutamate release. This was partially replicated by intrastriatal VU0152100. The M2 subtype preferring antagonist AFDX-116, used to elevate striatal acetylcholine levels, blocked the behavioral and neurochemical effects of PD-102807. Intranigral VU0152100 prevented levodopa-induced dyskinesia and its neurochemical correlates whereas PD-102807 was ineffective. These results suggest that striatal, likely postsynaptic, M1 mAChRs facilitate dyskinesia and striato-nigral pathway activation in vivo. Conversely, striatal M4 mAChRs can both facilitate and inhibit dyskinesia, possibly depending on their localization. Potentiation of striatal and nigral M4 mAChR transmission leads to powerful multilevel inhibition of striato-nigral pathway and attenuation of dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Brugnoli
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Clarissa Anna Pisanò
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
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10
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Silkis IG. Role of Acetylcholine and GABAergic Inhibitory Transmission in Seizure Pattern Generation in Neural Networks Integrating the Neocortex, Hippocampus, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Crans RAJ, Wouters E, Valle-León M, Taura J, Massari CM, Fernández-Dueñas V, Stove CP, Ciruela F. Striatal Dopamine D 2-Muscarinic Acetylcholine M 1 Receptor-Receptor Interaction in a Model of Movement Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:194. [PMID: 32231561 PMCID: PMC7083216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor control deficits, which is associated with the loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra. In parallel to dopaminergic denervation, there is an increase of acetylcholine within the striatum, resulting in a striatal dopaminergic–cholinergic neurotransmission imbalance. Currently, available PD pharmacotherapy (e.g., prodopaminergic drugs) does not reinstate the altered dopaminergic–cholinergic balance. In addition, it can eventually elicit cholinergic-related adverse effects. Here, we investigated the interplay between dopaminergic and cholinergic systems by assessing the physical and functional interaction of dopamine D2 and muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptors (D2R and M1R, respectively), both expressed at striatopallidal medium spiny neurons. First, we provided evidence for the existence of D2R–M1R complexes via biochemical (i.e., co-immunoprecipitation) and biophysical (i.e., BRET1 and NanoBiT®) assays, performed in transiently transfected HEK293T cells. Subsequently, a D2R–M1R co-distribution in the mouse striatum was observed through double-immunofluorescence staining and AlphaLISA® immunoassay. Finally, we evaluated the functional interplay between both receptors via behavioral studies, by implementing the classical acute reserpine pharmacological animal model of experimental parkinsonism. Reserpinized mice were administered with a D2R-selective agonist (sumanirole) and/or an M1R-selective antagonist (VU0255035), and alterations in PD-related behavioral tasks (i.e., locomotor activity) were evaluated. Importantly, VU0255035 (10 mg/kg) potentiated the antiparkinsonian-like effects (i.e., increased locomotor activity and decreased catalepsy) of an ineffective sumanirole dose (3 mg/kg). Altogether, our data suggest the existence of putative striatal D2R/M1R heteromers, which might be a relevant target to manage PD motor impairments with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- René A J Crans
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elise Wouters
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Valle-León
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Taura
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caio M Massari
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Programa de Poìs-graduação em Bioquiìmica, Centro de Ciencias Bioloìgicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianoìpolis, Brazil
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Mercatelli D, Bezard E, Eleopra R, Zaveri NT, Morari M. Managing Parkinson's disease: moving ON with NOP. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:28-47. [PMID: 31648371 PMCID: PMC6976791 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The opioid-like neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its receptor (NOP receptor) contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD) and motor complications associated with levodopa therapy. The N/OFQ-NOP receptor system is expressed in cortical and subcortical motor areas and, notably, in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra compacta. Dopamine depletion, as in rodent models of PD results in up-regulation of N/OFQ transmission in the substantia nigra and down-regulation of N/OFQ transmission in the striatum. Consistent with this, NOP receptor antagonists relieve motor deficits in PD models by reinstating the physiological balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs impinging on nigro-thalamic GABAergic neurons. NOP receptor antagonists also counteract the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, possibly by attenuating the excitotoxicity or modulating the immune response. Conversely, NOP receptor agonists attenuate levodopa-induced dyskinesia by attenuating the hyperactivation of striatal D1 receptor signalling in neurons of the direct striatonigral pathway. The N/OFQ-NOP receptor system might represent a novel target in the therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mercatelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of PharmacologyUniversity of Ferrara and National Institute of NeuroscienceFerraraItaly
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5293BordeauxFrance
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- Neurology Unit 1Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Nurulain T. Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics, Medicinal Chemistry DivisionMountain ViewCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of PharmacologyUniversity of Ferrara and National Institute of NeuroscienceFerraraItaly
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Loonen AJ, Wilffert B, Ivanova SA. Putative role of pharmacogenetics to elucidate the mechanism of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:1199-1223. [PMID: 31686592 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers which can be used as a diagnostic tool is a major objective of pharmacogenetic studies. Most mental and many neurological disorders have a compiled multifaceted nature, which may be the reason why this endeavor has hitherto not been very successful. This is also true for tardive dyskinesia (TD), an involuntary movement complication of long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs. The observed associations of specific gene variants with the prevalence and severity of a disorder can also be applied to try to elucidate the pathogenesis of the condition. In this paper, this strategy is used by combining pharmacogenetic knowledge with theories on the possible role of a dysfunction of specific cellular elements of neostriatal parts of the (dorsal) extrapyramidal circuits: various glutamatergic terminals, medium spiny neurons, striatal interneurons and ascending monoaminergic fibers. A peculiar finding is that genetic variants which would be expected to increase the neostriatal dopamine concentration are not associated with the prevalence and severity of TD. Moreover, modifying the sensitivity to glutamatergic long-term potentiation (and excitotoxicity) shows a relationship with levodopa-induced dyskinesia, but not with TD. Contrasting this, TD is associated with genetic variants that modify vulnerability to oxidative stress. Reducing the oxidative stress burden of medium spiny neurons may also be the mechanism behind the protective influence of 5-HT2 receptor antagonists. It is probably worthwhile to discriminate between neostriatal matrix and striosomal compartments when studying the mechanism of TD and between orofacial and limb-truncal components in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Jm Loonen
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,GGZ Westelijk Noord-Brabant, Hoofdlaan 8, 4661AA Halsteren, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Wilffert
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Street, 4, 634014 Tomsk, Russian Federation.,School of Non-Destructive Testing & Security, Division for Control and Diagnostics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Moscowski Trakt, 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
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Jellinger KA. Neuropathology and pathogenesis of extrapyramidal movement disorders: a critical update-I. Hypokinetic-rigid movement disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:933-995. [PMID: 31214855 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extrapyramidal movement disorders include hypokinetic rigid and hyperkinetic or mixed forms, most of them originating from dysfunction of the basal ganglia (BG) and their information circuits. The functional anatomy of the BG, the cortico-BG-thalamocortical, and BG-cerebellar circuit connections are briefly reviewed. Pathophysiologic classification of extrapyramidal movement disorder mechanisms distinguish (1) parkinsonian syndromes, (2) chorea and related syndromes, (3) dystonias, (4) myoclonic syndromes, (5) ballism, (6) tics, and (7) tremor syndromes. Recent genetic and molecular-biologic classifications distinguish (1) synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease-dementia, and multiple system atrophy); (2) tauopathies (progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, FTLD-17; Guamian Parkinson-dementia; Pick's disease, and others); (3) polyglutamine disorders (Huntington's disease and related disorders); (4) pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration; (5) Wilson's disease; and (6) other hereditary neurodegenerations without hitherto detected genetic or specific markers. The diversity of phenotypes is related to the deposition of pathologic proteins in distinct cell populations, causing neurodegeneration due to genetic and environmental factors, but there is frequent overlap between various disorders. Their etiopathogenesis is still poorly understood, but is suggested to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Multiple etiologies and noxious factors (protein mishandling, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, energy failure, and chronic neuroinflammation) are more likely than a single factor. Current clinical consensus criteria have increased the diagnostic accuracy of most neurodegenerative movement disorders, but for their definite diagnosis, histopathological confirmation is required. We present a timely overview of the neuropathology and pathogenesis of the major extrapyramidal movement disorders in two parts, the first one dedicated to hypokinetic-rigid forms and the second to hyperkinetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, 1150, Vienna, Austria.
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Receptor Ligands as Helping Hands to L-DOPA in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040142. [PMID: 30970612 PMCID: PMC6523988 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (LD) is the most effective drug in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, although it represents the “gold standard” of PD therapy, LD can cause side effects, including gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms as well as transient elevated liver enzyme levels. Moreover, LD therapy leads to LD-induced dyskinesia (LID), a disabling motor complication that represents a major challenge for the clinical neurologist. Due to the many limitations associated with LD therapeutic use, other dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic drugs are being developed to optimize the treatment response. This review focuses on recent investigations about non-dopaminergic central nervous system (CNS) receptor ligands that have been identified to have therapeutic potential for the treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. In a different way, such agents may contribute to extending LD response and/or ameliorate LD-induced side effects.
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Doyle TB, Hayes MP, Chen DH, Raskind WH, Watts VJ. Functional characterization of AC5 gain-of-function variants: Impact on the molecular basis of ADCY5-related dyskinesia. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:169-177. [PMID: 30772269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases are key points for the integration of stimulatory and inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signals. Adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5) is highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), and is known to play an important role in mediating striatal dopaminergic signaling. Dopaminergic signaling from the D1 expressing MSNs of the direct pathway, as well as the D2 expressing MSNs of the indirect pathway both function through the regulation of AC5 activity, controlling the production of the 2nd messenger cAMP, and subsequently the downstream effectors. Here, we used a newly developed cell line that used Crispr-Cas9 to eliminate the predominant adenylyl cyclase isoforms to more accurately characterize a series of AC5 gain-of-function mutations which have been identified in ADCY5-related dyskinesias. Our results demonstrate that these AC5 mutants exhibit enhanced activity to Gαs-mediated stimulation in both cell and membrane-based assays. We further show that the increased cAMP response at the membrane effectively translates into increased downstream gene transcription in a neuronal model. Subsequent analysis of inhibitory pathways show that the AC5 mutants exhibit significantly reduced inhibition following D2 dopamine receptor activation. Finally, we demonstrate that an adenylyl cyclase "P-site" inhibitor, SQ22536 may represent an effective future therapeutic mechanism by preferentially inhibiting the overactive AC5 gain-of-function mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Doyle
- Purdue University, Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - M P Hayes
- Purdue University, Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - D H Chen
- University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, United States
| | - W H Raskind
- University of Washington, Medicine and Medical Genetics, United States; University of Washington, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, United States; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Puget Sound, Veterans Health Care Center, Seattle, WA 98108, United States
| | - V J Watts
- Purdue University, Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Hall for Discovery Learning, 207 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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Bargas J, Mena-Segovia J, Smith Y, Bolam JP. Papers arising from the 12th International Basal Ganglia Society Meeting. March 26th-30th 2017, Mérida, Yucatán, México. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:591-592. [PMID: 30735599 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Bargas
- División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Juan Mena-Segovia
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Aidekman Research Center, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Paul Bolam
- Department of Pharmacology, MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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