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Stepien BK, Wielockx B. From Vessels to Neurons-The Role of Hypoxia Pathway Proteins in Embryonic Neurogenesis. Cells 2024; 13:621. [PMID: 38607059 PMCID: PMC11012138 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic neurogenesis can be defined as a period of prenatal development during which divisions of neural stem and progenitor cells give rise to neurons. In the central nervous system of most mammals, including humans, the majority of neocortical neurogenesis occurs before birth. It is a highly spatiotemporally organized process whose perturbations lead to cortical malformations and dysfunctions underlying neurological and psychiatric pathologies, and in which oxygen availability plays a critical role. In case of deprived oxygen conditions, known as hypoxia, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway is activated, resulting in the selective expression of a group of genes that regulate homeostatic adaptations, including cell differentiation and survival, metabolism and angiogenesis. While a physiological degree of hypoxia is essential for proper brain development, imbalanced oxygen levels can adversely affect this process, as observed in common obstetrical pathologies such as prematurity. This review comprehensively explores and discusses the current body of knowledge regarding the role of hypoxia and the HIF pathway in embryonic neurogenesis of the mammalian cortex. Additionally, it highlights existing gaps in our understanding, presents unanswered questions, and provides avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K. Stepien
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Experimental Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Zeng X, Qin H. Stem Cell Transplantation for Parkinson’s Disease: Current Challenges and Perspectives. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1652-1663. [DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Guo J, Shoji T, Ge Y, Zheng X, Li Y, Zhao S, Ikezoe T, Liu S, Huang J, Wang W, Xu B, Dalman RL. Treatment with the Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor JNJ Promotes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Diabetic Mice. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021; 63:484-494. [PMID: 34872812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prolyl hydroxylase domain containing proteins (PHD) rigorously regulate intracellular hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) protein expression and activity. Diabetes impairs PHD activity and attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression. The extent to which dysregulated PHD activity contributes to diabetes mediated AAA suppression remains undetermined. METHODS AAAs were induced in diabetic and non-diabetic male C57BL/6J mice via intra-aortic elastase infusion. A PHD inhibitor (JNJ-42041935, aka "JNJ", 150 mmol/kg) or vehicle alone was administered daily starting one day prior to AAA induction for 14 days. Influences on AAA progression was assessed via ultrasonography and histopathology. Expression of aortic HIF-1α, three of its target genes and macrophage derived mediators were assayed via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Aneurysmal sections from AAA patients with and without diabetes (two patients in each group) were immunostained for HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. RESULTS Expression of HIF-1α target genes (erythropoietin, VEGF-A, and glucose transporter-1) was reduced by 45% - 95% in experimental diabetic aortas. Diameter enlargement was similarly limited, as were mural elastin degradation, leukocyte infiltration, and neo-angiogenesis (reduced capillary density and length) on histopathology. Pre-treatment with JNJ prior to AAA initiation augmented aortic HIF-1α target gene expression and aneurysm progression in diabetic mice, along with macrophage VEGF-A and matrix metalloproteinase 2 mRNA expression. No differences were noted in HIF-1α or VEGF-A expression on aortic immunohistochemical staining of human aortic tissue as a function of diabetes status. CONCLUSION Small molecule PHD inhibitor treatment reduces or offsets impairment of experimental AAA progression in hyperglycemic mice, highlighting the potential contribution of dysregulated PHD activity to diabetes mediated aneurysm suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Centre for Hypertension Care, Shanxi Medical University First Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Tahakiro Shoji
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Minatoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingbin Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yankui Li
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Toru Ikezoe
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Central South University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Central South University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Central South University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Ronald L Dalman
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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