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Pour MG, Alaei H. The reinstatement of the expression phase of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male Wistar rats under ventral tegmental area stimulation and brief inactivation. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:676-695. [PMID: 39005563 PMCID: PMC11246116 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.389957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Previous research has found that the electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is involved in drug-dependent behaviors and plays a role in reward-seeking. However, the mechanisms remain unknown, especially the effect of electrical stimulation on this area. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how the electrical stimulation and the temporary inactivation of VTA affect the morphine- dependent behavior in male rats. Experimental approach The adult Wistar male rats were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. The stimulation electrode (unilaterally) and the microinjection cannula (bilaterally) were implanted into the VTA, stereotaxically. Then, the rats underwent three-day of repeated conditioning with subcutaneous morphine (0.5 or 5 mg/kg) injections, in the conditioned place preference apparatus, followed by four-day forced abstinence, which altered their conditioning response to a morphine (0.5 mg/kg) priming dose on the ninth day. On that day, rats were given high- or low-intensity electrical stimulation or reversible inactivation with lidocaine (0.5 pL/site) in the VTA. Findings/Results Results showed that the electrical stimulation of the VTA with the high intensity (150 μA/rat), had a minimal effect on the expression of morphine-induced place conditioning in rats treated with a high dose (5 mg/kg) of morphine. However, the reversible inactivation of the VTA with lidocaine greatly increased place preference in rats treated with a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) of morphine. Additionally, the reinstatement of 0.5 mg/kg morphine-treated rats was observed after lidocaine infusion into the VTA. Conclusion and implications These results suggest that VTA electrical stimulation suppresses neuronal activation, but the priming dose causes reinstatement. The VTA may be a potential target for deep brain stimulation-based treatment of intractable disorders induced by substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Ghobadi Pour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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2
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Zhang H, Yin J, Jia L, Qin X, Du T, Ma K, Yin J, Li Y. Effects of dopamine transporter in the ventral tegmental area on sleep recovery after propofol anesthesia in sleep-deprived rats. Sleep Med 2022; 100:269-279. [PMID: 36148759 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies indicate that propofol can help with recovery from sleep deprivation and has anti-anxiety effects. However, the underlying neurochemical mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dopamine transporter (DAT) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on sleep and anxiety recovery after propofol anesthesia in rats with 24 h total sleep deprivation (TSD). METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were in natural sleep or sleep deprived for 24 h in a sleep deprivation rat system. The rats received propofol anesthesia (75 mg/kg, i.p.) or natural sleep. Dopamine transporter knockdown was performed by microinjection of AAV-DAT-RNAi vector. EEG was measured in each group to evaluate the subsequent sleep. The elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and open field test (OFT) were used to evaluate locomotion and anxiety level in rats. Immunofluorescence was used to verify virus location and transfection efficiency. RESULTS Compared with NC group, the anxiety level of Propofol group showed no significant difference, but REM sleep decreased. Compared with the TSD group, the anxiety level of the TSD + Propofol group was reduced and the sleep recovery was closer to baseline. Compared with TSD + AAV-NC group, anxiety level and sleep time increased in TSD + AAVi group, REM increased within 24 h after sleep deprivation. The sleep time of TSD + AAVi + Propofol group was between those of TSD + AAV-NC group and TSD + AAVi group. TSD + AAV-NC + Propofol group had the least sleep time and the lowest anxiety level. CONCLUSION 1. Propofol did not change anxiety level in normal rats, but reduced REM sleep, while it could accelerate sleep recovery and reduce anxiety level in sleep-deprived rats. 2. In sleep deprived rats with DAT knockdown, propofol improved sleep and anxiety levels more slowly, especially producing more REM rebound, suggesting that the improvement of sleep and anxiety levels in sleep-deprived rats with propofol may be related to DAT in VTA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China
| | - Jieting Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China
| | - Xinlei Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China
| | - Tongyu Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China
| | - Ketao Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiangwen Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China.
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3
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Heshmati M, Bruchas MR. Historical and Modern Evidence for the Role of Reward Circuitry in Emergence. Anesthesiology 2022; 136:997-1014. [PMID: 35362070 PMCID: PMC9467375 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role for brain reward circuitry in modulating arousal along with emergence from anesthesia. Emergence remains an important frontier for investigation, since no drug exists in clinical practice to initiate rapid and smooth emergence. This review discusses clinical and preclinical evidence indicating a role for two brain regions classically considered integral components of the mesolimbic brain reward circuitry, the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens, in emergence from propofol and volatile anesthesia. Then there is a description of modern systems neuroscience approaches to neural circuit investigations that will help span the large gap between preclinical and clinical investigation with the shared aim of developing therapies to promote rapid emergence without agitation or delirium. This article proposes that neuroscientists include models of whole-brain network activity in future studies to inform the translational value of preclinical investigations and foster productive dialogues with clinician anesthesiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Heshmati
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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4
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Zhang J, Li J, Liu C, Gui H, Yuan C, Zhang Y. The role of intracerebral dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in sleep-wake cycles and general anesthesia. IBRAIN 2022; 8:48-54. [PMID: 37786416 PMCID: PMC10528804 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), a monoamine neurotransmitter, is synthesized and released mainly by neurons in the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta of the midbrain. DA and its receptors are essential for the regulation of arousal, movement, cognition, reward, and other neurobiological behaviors. Arousal, locomotion, cognition, reward, and other neurobiological functions are all regulated by dopamine and its receptors. Dopamine receptors can be divided into D1-like receptors (including D1 and D5) or D2-like receptors (containing D2, D3, and D4), with D1 and D2 receptors (D1Rs, and D2Rs) being the most important. Currently, studies indicated that D1Rs and D2Rs are tightly involved with the process of sleep-wake and general anesthesia, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we compiled the most recent findings, mainly focusing on the structure, distribution, and signal pathway of D1Rs and D2Rs in the central nervous system, as well as the involvement of D1Rs and D2Rs in sleep-wake and general anesthesia. Thus, the investigations of the D1Rs and D2Rs will benefit not only better knowledge for how sleep-wake control works but also the mechanism of general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jia Li
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Cheng‐Xi Liu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Huan Gui
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Cheng‐Dong Yuan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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5
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Shen G, Shi WX. Amphetamine Promotes Cortical Up State in Part Via Dopamine Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:728729. [PMID: 34489713 PMCID: PMC8417369 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.728729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical neurons oscillate between Up and Down states during slow wave sleep and general anesthesia. Recent studies show that Up/Down oscillations also occur during quiet wakefulness. Arousal eliminates Down states and transforms Up/Down oscillations to a persistent Up state. Further evidence suggests that Up/Down oscillations are crucial to memory consolidation, whereas their transition to a persistent Up state is essential for arousal and attention. We have shown that D-amphetamine promotes cortical Up state, and the effect depends on activation of central α1A adrenergic receptors. Here, we report that dopamine also plays a role in D-amphetamine’s effect. Thus, using local-field-potential recording in the prefrontal cortex in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats, we showed that the Up-state promoting effect of D-amphetamine was attenuated by antagonists at either D1 or D2-like dopamine receptors. The effect was also partially mimicked by co-activation of D1 and D2-like receptors. These results are consistent with the fact that D-amphetamine increases the release of both norepinephrine and dopamine. They are also in agreement with studies showing that dopamine promotes wakefulness and mediates D-amphetamine-induced emergence from general anesthesia. The effect of D-amphetamine was not mimicked, however, by activation of either D1 or D2-like receptors alone, indicating an interdependence between D1 and D2-like receptors. The dopamine/norepinephrine precursor L-DOPA also failed to promote the Up state. While more studies are needed to understand the difference between L-DOPA and D-amphetamine, our finding may provide an explanation for why L-DOPA lacks significant psychostimulant properties and is ineffective in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Wei-Xing Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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6
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Alaei H, Ghobadi Pour M. Stimulation and transient inactivation of ventral tegmental area modify reinstatement of acquisition phase of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 176:130-141. [PMID: 34480979 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For processing the development of psychological dependency, opioid reinforcement, and opiate-related associative reward, learning, and memory in the brain, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is considered the key zone. As the responsible region for the morphine role in conditioned place preference (CPP), this area has an important role. So, the present research was conducted to investigate the effects of different intensities of electrical stimulation on VTA utilizing CPP, with two morphine doses. Reversible inactivation of VTA was performed via bilateral microinjection of Lidocaine into this area with two implanted separate cannulas. Our findings indicated that 5 mg/kg morphine-induced CPP was suppressed by 150 μA VTA electrical stimulation. The results also showed that bilateral Intra-VTA administration of Lidocaine significantly decreased the 5 mg/kg morphine-induced CPP acquisition phase in comparison with their respective sham group, which reversed in the reinstatement test. It should be concluded that these findings are important for the detection of mesolimbic nervous system ties and could help to find new ways to attenuate the rewarding action of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjatollah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Ghobadi Pour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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7
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Cui Y, Li M, Biswal B, Jing W, Zhou C, Liu H, Guo D, Xia Y, Yao D. Dynamic Configuration of Coactive Micropatterns in the Default Mode Network During Wakefulness and Sleep. Brain Connect 2021; 11:471-482. [PMID: 33403904 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The default mode network (DMN) is a prominent intrinsic network that is observable in many mammalian brains. However, a few studies have investigated the temporal dynamics of this network based on direct physiological recordings. Methods: Herein, we addressed this issue by characterizing the dynamics of local field potentials from the rat DMN during wakefulness and sleep with an exploratory analysis. We constructed a novel coactive micropattern (CAMP) algorithm to evaluate the configurations of rat DMN dynamics, and further revealed the relationship between DMN dynamics with different wakefulness and alertness levels. Results: From the gamma activity (40-80 Hz) in the DMN across wakefulness and sleep, three spatially stable CAMPs were detected: a common low-activity level micropattern (cDMN), an anterior high-activity level micropattern (aDMN), and a posterior high-activity level micropattern (pDMN). A dynamic balance across CAMPs emerged during wakefulness and was disrupted in sleep stages. In the slow-wave sleep (SWS) stage, cDMN became the primary activity pattern, whereas aDMN and pDMN were the major activity patterns in the rapid eye movement sleep stage. In addition, further investigation revealed phasic relationships between CAMPs and the up-down states of the slow DMN activity in the SWS stage. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the dynamic configurations of CAMPs were highly associated with different stages of wakefulness, and provided a potential three-state model to describe the DMN dynamics for wakefulness and alertness. Impact statement In the current study, a novel coactive micropattern (CAMP) method was developed to elucidate fast default mode network (DMN) dynamics during wakefulness and sleep. Our findings demonstrated that the dynamic configurations of DMN activity are specific to different wakefulness stages and provided a three-state DMN CAMP model to depict wakefulness levels, thus revealing a potentially new neurophysiological representation of alertness levels. This work could elucidate the DMN dynamics underlying different stages of wakefulness and have important implications for the theoretical understanding of the neural mechanism of wakefulness and alertness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wei Jing
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changsong Zhou
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Huixiao Liu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Daqing Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xia
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China.,School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Soltani H, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Pakpour B, Ashabi G, Zarrindast MR. Toxic effect of calcium/calmodulin kinase II on anxiety behavior, neuronal firing and plasticity in the male offspring of morphine-abstinent rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 395:112877. [PMID: 32841609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that epigenetic changes such as alteration in histone acetylation and DNA methylation in various brain regions play an essential role in anxiety behavior. According to the critical role of calcium/calmodulin protein kinaseII (CaMKII) in these processes, the present study examined the effect of CaMKII inhibitor (KN93) on neuronal activity and level of c-fos in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAC) in the offspring of morphine-exposed parents. Adult male and female Wistar rats received morphine orally (for 21 days). After the washout period (10 days), rats were mated with either drug-naïve or morphine-exposed rats. KN93 was microinjected into the brain of male offspring. The anxiety-like behavior, the neuronal firing rate in the NAC and the amygdala and level of c-fos were assessed by related techniques. Data showed the offspring with one and/or two morphine-abstinent parent(s) had more anxiety-like behavior than the control group. However, the administration of KN-93 decreased anxiety in the offspring of morphine-exposed rats compared with saline-treated groups. The expression level of the c-fos was not significantly altered by the inhibition of CaMKII in the amygdala, but the c-fos level was reduced in the NAC. The neuronal firing rate of these groups was associated with an increase in the amygdala in comparison to the saline groups but was decreased in the NAC. Results showed that CaMKII had a role in anxiety-like behavior in the offspring of morphine-exposed parents, and changes in neuronal firing rate and c-fos level in the NAC might be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Soltani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Pakpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Gretenkord S, Olthof BMJ, Stylianou M, Rees A, Gartside SE, LeBeau FEN. Electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area evokes sleep-like state transitions under urethane anaesthesia in the rat medial prefrontal cortex via dopamine D 1 -like receptors. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2915-2930. [PMID: 31891427 PMCID: PMC7497269 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of dopamine in regulating sleep-state transitions during, both natural sleep and under anaesthesia, is still unclear. Recording in vivo in the rat mPFC under urethane anaesthesia, we observed predominantly slow wave activity (SWA) of <1 Hz in the local field potential interrupted by occasional spontaneous transitions to a low-amplitude-fast (LAF) pattern of activity. During periods of SWA, transitions to LAF activity could be rapidly and consistently evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Spontaneous LAF activity, and that evoked by stimulation of the VTA, consisted of fast oscillations similar to those seen in the rapid eye movement (REM)-like sleep state. Spontaneous and VTA stimulation-evoked LAF activity occurred simultaneously along the dorsoventral extent of all mPFC subregions. Evoked LAF activity depended on VTA stimulation current and could be elicited using either regular (25-50 Hz) or burst stimulation patterns and was reproducible upon repeated stimulation. Simultaneous extracellular single-unit recordings showed that during SWA, presumed pyramidal cells fired phasically and almost exclusively on the Up state, while during both spontaneous and VTA-evoked LAF activity, they fired tonically. The transition to LAF activity evoked by VTA stimulation depended on dopamine D1 -like receptor activation as it was almost completely blocked by systemic administration of the D1 -like receptor antagonist SCH23390. Overall, our data demonstrate that activation of dopamine D1 -like receptors in the mPFC is important for regulating sleep-like state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gretenkord
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Bas M. J. Olthof
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Myrto Stylianou
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Adrian Rees
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Sarah E. Gartside
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Fiona E. N. LeBeau
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
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