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Félix-Soriano E, Stanford KI. Exerkines and redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102748. [PMID: 37247469 PMCID: PMC10236471 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise physiology has gained increasing interest due to its wide effects to promote health. Recent years have seen a growth in this research field also due to the finding of several circulating factors that mediate the effects of exercise. These factors, termed exerkines, are metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines secreted by main metabolic organs during exercise to regulate exercise systemic and tissue-specific effects. The metabolic effects of exerkines have been broadly explored and entail a promising target to modulate beneficial effects of exercise in health and disease. However, exerkines also have broad effects to modulate redox signaling and homeostasis in several cellular processes to improve stress response. Since redox biology is central to exercise physiology, this review summarizes current evidence for the cross-talk between redox biology and exerkines actions. The role of exerkines in redox biology entails a response to oxidative stress-induced pathological cues to improve health outcomes and to modulate exercise adaptations that integrate redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Shahabi S, Esfarjani F, Reisi J, Momenzadeh S, Jami MS, Zamani S. The Effects of 8-Week Resistance and Endurance Trainings on Bone Strength Compared to Irisin Injection Protocol in Mice. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 10:40. [PMID: 35071108 PMCID: PMC8744425 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_220_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a prevalent elderly complication that is characterized by decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk because of dysregulation in bone mineralization and resorption. Physical activity can enhance bone strength by exerting mechanical forces and myokines. Irisin is a myokine that is increased following physical exercise and can affect bones. In this study, 8 weeks of resistance and endurance exercises are applied in mice compared to irisin injection to assess the contribution of the protocols and this myokine to bone strength. Materials and Methods Thirty-five male NMRI mice were separated into five groups; control, placebo, irisin injection, resistance exercise, and endurance exercise. 8-week of exercise protocols and irisin injection protocol (100 μg/kg/week) was applied. Plasma irisin concentration and bone strength were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay and 3-point bending assay, respectively. Statistical analyses were done through one-way ANOVA and Tukey test, and P < 0.05 was considered the significant difference. Results Serum irisin concentration and bone strength in resistance exercise and irisin-injected groups were significantly higher than control and placebo groups (P < 0.0001). Serum irisin concentration, but not bone strength, of the endurance exercise group was also significantly higher than control and placebo groups (P < 0.0001) but lower than resistance and irisin-injected groups. Conclusion Resistance exercise and irisin injection, but not endurance exercise, are likely to be effective in increasing bone strength. There may be a threshold for plasma irisin level to affect bones which the applied protocols of irisin injection and resistance exercise but not endurance exercise can reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Shahabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Isfahan University, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Esfarjani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Isfahan University, Iran
| | - Jalil Reisi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Isfahan University, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Momenzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saeed Zamani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Remyelination in PNS and CNS: current and upcoming cellular and molecular strategies to treat disabling neuropathies. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8097-8110. [PMID: 34731366 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a lipid-rich nerve cover that consists of glial cell's plasmalemma layers and accelerates signal conduction. Axon-myelin contact is a source for many developmental and regenerative signals of myelination. Intra- or extracellular factors including both enhancers and inhibitors are other factors affecting the myelination process. Myelin damages are observed in several congenital and hereditary diseases, physicochemical conditions, infections, or traumatic insults, and remyelination is known as an intrinsic response to injuries. Here we discuss some molecular events and conditions involved in de- and remyelination and compare the phenomena of remyelination in CNS and PNS. We have explained applying some of these molecular events in myelin restoration. Finally, the current and upcoming treatment strategies for myelin restoration are explained in three groups of immunotherapy, endogenous regeneration enhancement, and cell therapy to give a better insight for finding the more effective rehabilitation strategies considering the underlying molecular events of a lesion formation and its current condition.
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Dehghan F, Zamani S, Barreiro C, Jami MS. Irisin injection mimics exercise effects on the brain proteome. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7422-7441. [PMID: 34655501 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity can endanger human health and increase the incidence of neurodegenerative disease. Exercise has tremendous beneficial effects on brain health and cognitive function, especially in older adults. It also improves brain-related outcomes in depression, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Irisin is a mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise. This study aimed to assess the proteome alterations in adult male National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) mice brain tissue upon three different conditions including endurance exercise, resistance exercise and irisin injection. Quantification of irisin levels in blood was performed using irisin-ELISA Kit. Quantification and identification of proteins via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)/MS showed the alteration of at least 21 proteins due to different treatments. Cellular pathway analysis revealed common beneficial effects of sole irisin treatment and different exercise procedures suggesting the capability of irisin injection to substitute the exercise when physical activity is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Dehghan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Zamani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Carlos Barreiro
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), León, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Area, Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, Vegazana Campus, León, Spain
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,QIANBIOTEC, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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Ajdari S, Saffari-Chaleshtori J, Pourteymourfard-Tabrizi Z, Ghasemi-Dehkordi P, Samani MG, Validi M, Kabiri H, Chaleshtori MH, Jami MS. Rare mutations in Atoh1 lead to hearing loss. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Momenzadeh S, Zamani S, Pourteymourfard-Tabrizi Z, Barreiro C, Jami MS. Muscles proteome analysis; irisin administration mimics some molecular effects of exercise in quadriceps muscle. Biochimie 2021; 189:144-157. [PMID: 34217820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Because of health-promoting effects, the adaptation of skeletal muscles to exercise is considered a therapeutic strategy for metabolic complications and musculoskeletal disabilities. Myokines display many beneficial effects of different exercise modalities. Among them, irisin is known as a systemic effector that positively influences several organs. There are a few studies about the effects of irisin on skeletal muscles, and irisin prosperities need to be well-defined for being an exercise mimetic. To aim this purpose, we assessed the proteome profile of mouse skeletal muscle after eight weeks of irisin injection comparing to resistance and endurance exercise treated groups. In the current study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to evaluate the protein content of the quadriceps muscle. The results were analyzed with Image Master 2D Platinum V6 software. Differentially expressed proteins were characterized by mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF) and interpreted using protein data banks and co-expression network. Irisin increases cellular ATP content by driving its overproduction through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation similar to two exercise protocols and as a specific property, decreases ATP consumption through creatine kinase downregulation. It also improves the microstructural properties of quadriceps muscle by increasing fiber proteins and might induce cellular proliferation and differentiation. Network analysis of differentially expressed proteins also revealed the co-expression of Irisin precursor with structural and metabolic-related proteins. The protein alterations after irisin administration display the potential of this myokine to mimic some molecular effects of exercise, suggesting it a promising candidate to improve muscle metabolism and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Momenzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Zamani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourteymourfard-Tabrizi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; QIANBIOTEC, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Carlos Barreiro
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1 - Parque Científico de León 24006, León, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada, Avda. Astorga s/n, 24401, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; QIANBIOTEC, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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