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Spence-Jones HC, Pein CM, Shama LNS. Intergenerational effects of ocean temperature variation: Early life benefits are short-lived in threespine stickleback. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307030. [PMID: 39093894 PMCID: PMC11296643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Current climate change models predict an increase in temperature variability and extreme events such as heatwaves, and organisms need to cope with consequent changes to environmental variation. Non-genetic inheritance mechanisms can enable parental generations to prime their offspring's abilities to acclimate to environmental change-but they may also be deleterious. When parents are exposed to predictable environments, intergenerational plasticity can lead to better offspring trait performance in matching environments. Alternatively, parents exposed to variable or unpredictable environments may use plastic bet-hedging strategies to adjust the phenotypic variance among offspring. Here, we used a model species, the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), to test whether putatively adaptive intergenerational effects can occur in response to shifts in environmental variation as well as to shifts in environmental mean, and whether parents employ plastic bet-hedging strategies in response to increasing environmental variation. We used a full-factorial, split-clutch experiment with parents and offspring exposed to three temperature regimes: constant, natural variation, and increased variation. We show that within-generation exposure to increased temperature variation reduces growth of offspring, but having parents that were exposed to natural temperature variation during gametogenesis may offset some early-life negative growth effects. However, these mitigating intergenerational effects do not appear to persist later in life. We found no indication that stickleback mothers plastically altered offspring phenotypic variance (egg size or clutch size) in response to temperature variation. However, lower inter-individual variance of juvenile fish morphology in offspring of increased variation parents may imply the presence of conservative bet-hedging strategies in natural populations. Overall, in our experiment, parental exposure to temperature variation had limited effects on offspring fitness-related traits. Natural levels of environmental variation promoted a potentially adaptive intergenerational response in early life development, but under more challenging conditions associated with increased environmental variation, the effect was lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Clare Spence-Jones
- Coastal Ecology Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, List, Germany
| | - Carla M. Pein
- Coastal Ecology Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, List, Germany
| | - Lisa N. S. Shama
- Coastal Ecology Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, List, Germany
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2
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Chefaoui RM, Martínez BDC, Viejo RM. Temporal variability of sea surface temperature affects marine macrophytes range retractions as well as gradual warming. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14206. [PMID: 38902310 PMCID: PMC11190259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Record mean sea surface temperatures (SST) during the past decades and marine heatwaves have been identified as responsible for severe impacts on marine ecosystems, but the role of changes in the patterns of temporal variability under global warming has been much less studied. We compare descriptors of two time series of SST, encompassing extirpations (i.e. local extinctions) of six cold-temperate macroalgae species at their trailing range edge. We decompose the effects of gradual warming, extreme events and intrinsic variability (e.g. seasonality). We also relate the main factors determining macroalgae range shifts with their life cycles characteristics and thermal tolerance. We found extirpations of macroalgae were related to stretches of coast where autumn SST underwent warming, increased temperature seasonality, and decreased skewness over time. Regardless of the species, the persisting populations shared a common environmental domain, which was clearly differentiated from those experiencing local extinction. However, macroalgae species responded to temperature components in different ways, showing dissimilar resilience. Consideration of multiple thermal manifestations of climate change is needed to better understand local extinctions of habitat-forming species. Our study provides a framework for the incorporation of unused measures of environmental variability while analyzing the distributions of coastal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Chefaoui
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain.
- Global Change Research Institute (IICG-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Brezo D-C Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute (IICG-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Viejo
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute (IICG-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Pearman WS, Duffy GA, Liu XP, Gemmell NJ, Morales SE, Fraser CI. Macroalgal microbiome biogeography is shaped by environmental drivers rather than geographical distance. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:169-182. [PMID: 37804485 PMCID: PMC10921836 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Contrasting patterns of host and microbiome biogeography can provide insight into the drivers of microbial community assembly. Distance-decay relationships are a classic biogeographical pattern shaped by interactions between selective and non-selective processes. Joint biogeography of microbiomes and their hosts is of increasing interest owing to the potential for microbiome-facilitated adaptation. METHODS In this study, we examine the coupled biogeography of the model macroalga Durvillaea and its microbiome using a combination of genotyping by sequencing (host) and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (microbiome). Alongside these approaches, we use environmental data to characterize the relationship between the microbiome, the host, and the environment. KEY RESULTS We show that although the host and microbiome exhibit shared biogeographical structure, these arise from different processes, with host biogeography showing classic signs of geographical distance decay, but with the microbiome showing environmental distance decay. Examination of microbial subcommunities, defined by abundance, revealed that the abundance of microbes is linked to environmental selection. As microbes become less common, the dominant ecological processes shift away from selective processes and towards neutral processes. Contrary to expectations, we found that ecological drift does not promote structuring of the microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that although host macroalgae exhibit a relatively 'typical' biogeographical pattern of declining similarity with increasing geographical distance, the microbiome is more variable and is shaped primarily by environmental conditions. Our findings suggest that the Baas Becking hypothesis of 'everything is everywhere, the environment selects' might be a useful hypothesis to understand the biogeography of macroalgal microbiomes. As environmental conditions change in response to anthropogenic influences, the processes structuring the microbiome of macroalgae might shift, whereas those governing the host biogeography are less likely to change. As a result, increasingly decoupled host-microbe biogeography might be observed in response to such human influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Pearman
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Grant A Duffy
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyue P Liu
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Neil J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sergio E Morales
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand
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4
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Booth JM, Giomi F, Daffonchio D, McQuaid CD, Fusi M. Disturbance of primary producer communities disrupts the thermal limits of the associated aquatic fauna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162135. [PMID: 36775146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental fluctuation forms a framework of variability within which species have evolved. Environmental fluctuation includes predictability, such as diel cycles of aquatic oxygen fluctuation driven by primary producers. Oxygen availability and fluctuation shape the physiological responses of aquatic animals to warming, so that, in theory, oxygen fluctuation could influence their thermal ecology. We describe annual oxygen variability in agricultural drainage channels and show that disruption of oxygen fluctuation through dredging of plants reduces the thermal tolerance of freshwater animals. We compared the temperature responses of snails, amphipods, leeches and mussels exposed to either natural oxygen fluctuation or constant oxygen in situ under different acclimation periods. Oxygen saturation in channel water ranged from c. 0 % saturation at night to >300 % during the day. Temperature showed normal seasonal variation and was almost synchronous with daily oxygen fluctuation. A dredging event in 2020 dramatically reduced dissolved oxygen variability and the correlation between oxygen and temperature was lost. The tolerance of invertebrates to thermal stress was significantly lower when natural fluctuation in oxygen availability was reduced and decoupled from temperature. This highlights the importance of natural cycles of variability and the need to include finer scale effects, including indirect biological effects, in modelling the ecosystem-level consequences of climate change. Furthermore, restoration and management of primary producers in aquatic habitats could be important to improve the thermal protection of aquatic invertebrates and their resistance to environmental variation imposed by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Booth
- Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
| | - F Giomi
- Via Maniciati, 6, Padova, Italy
| | - D Daffonchio
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - C D McQuaid
- Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - M Fusi
- Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK; Present address: Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough PE1 1JY, UK.
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5
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Halali S, Saastamoinen M. Exploring links between climatic predictability and the evolution of within- and transgenerational plasticity. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9662. [PMID: 36619708 PMCID: PMC9798148 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In variable environments, phenotypic plasticity can increase fitness by providing tight environment-phenotype matching. However, adaptive plasticity is expected to evolve only when the future selective environment can be predicted based on the prevailing conditions. That is, the juvenile environment should be predictive of the adult environment (within-generation plasticity) or the parental environment should be predictive of the offspring environment (transgenerational plasticity). Moreover, the environmental predictability can also shape transient responses such as stress response in an adaptive direction. Here, we test links between environmental predictability and the evolution of adaptive plasticity by combining time series analyses and a common garden experiment using temperature as a stressor in a temperate butterfly (Melitaea cinxia). Time series analyses revealed that across season fluctuations in temperature over 48 years are overall predictable. However, within the growing season, temperature fluctuations showed high heterogeneity across years with low autocorrelations and the timing of temperature peaks were asynchronous. Most life-history traits showed strong within-generation plasticity for temperature and traits such as body size and growth rate broke the temperature-size rule. Evidence for transgenerational plasticity, however, was weak and detected for only two traits each in an adaptive and non-adaptive direction. We suggest that the low predictability of temperature fluctuations within the growing season likely disfavors the evolution of adaptive transgenerational plasticity but instead favors strong within-generation plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Halali
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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6
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Villsen K, Corse E, Meglécz E, Archambaud‐Suard G, Vignes H, Ereskovsky AV, Chappaz R, Dubut V. DNA metabarcoding suggests adaptive seasonal variation of individual trophic traits in a critically endangered fish. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5889-5908. [PMID: 36125278 PMCID: PMC9828795 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dietary studies are critical for understanding foraging strategies and have important applications in conservation and habitat management. We applied a robust metabarcoding protocol to characterize the diet of the critically endangered freshwater fish Zingel asper (the Rhone streber). We conducted modelling and simulation analyses to identify and characterize some of the drivers of individual trophic trait variation in this species. We found that population density and ontogeny had minor effects on the trophic niche of Z. asper. Instead, our results suggest that the majority of trophic niche variation was driven by seasonal variation in ecological opportunity. The total trophic niche width of Z. asper seasonally expanded to include a broader range of prey. Furthermore, null model simulations revealed that the increase of between-individual variation in autumn indicates that Z. asper become more opportunistic relative to summer and spring, rather than being associated with a seasonal specialization of individuals. Overall, our results suggest an adaptive variation of individual trophic traits in Z. asper: the species mainly consumes a few ephemeropteran taxa (Baetis fuscatus and Ecdyonurus) but seems to be capable of adapting its foraging strategy to maintain its body condition. This study illustrates how metabarcoding data obtained from faeces can be validated and combined with individual-based modelling and simulation approaches to explore inter- and intrapopulational individual trophic traits variation and to test hypotheses in the conventional analytic framework of trophic ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Villsen
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRDAvignon Université, IMBEMarseilleFrance
| | - Emmanuel Corse
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRDAvignon Université, IMBEMarseilleFrance,Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR)DembeniFrance,MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRDMontpellierFrance
| | - Emese Meglécz
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRDAvignon Université, IMBEMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Hélène Vignes
- CIRAD, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, AGAPMontpellierFrance
| | - Alexander V. Ereskovsky
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRDAvignon Université, IMBEMarseilleFrance,St. Petersburg State UniversitySt. PetersburgRussia,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Rémi Chappaz
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, RECOVERAix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
| | - Vincent Dubut
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRDAvignon Université, IMBEMarseilleFrance
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7
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Emblemsvåg M, Pecuchet L, Velle LG, Nogueira A, Primicerio R. Recent warming causes functional borealization and diversity loss in deep fish communities east of Greenland. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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8
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Pires LP, Paniago LPM, Santos YR, Melo C. Seasonality drives variation in the use of forest strata by adult males of a dimorphic frugivorous bird species. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Paulo Pires
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Campus Umuarama Uberlândia Minas Gerais Brazil 38400‐902
| | - Luís Pedro Mendes Paniago
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Campus Umuarama Uberlândia Minas Gerais Brazil 38400‐902
| | - Yasmin Regina Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Campus Umuarama Uberlândia Minas Gerais Brazil 38400‐902
| | - Celine Melo
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Campus Umuarama Uberlândia Minas Gerais Brazil 38400‐902
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9
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Environmental optima for an ecosystem engineer: a multidisciplinary trait-based approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22986. [PMID: 34837006 PMCID: PMC8626476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors underpins the distribution of species and operates across different levels of biological organization and life history stages. Understanding ecosystem engineer reproductive traits is critical for comprehending and managing the biodiversity-rich habitats they create. Little is known about how the reproduction of the reef-forming worm, Sabellaria alveolata, varies across environmental gradients. By integrating broad-scale environmental data with in-situ physiological data in the form of biochemical traits, we identified and ranked the drivers of intraspecific reproductive trait variability (ITV). ITV was highest in locations with variable environmental conditions, subjected to fluctuating temperature and hydrodynamic conditions. Our trait selection pointed to poleward sites being the most physiologically stressful, with low numbers of irregularly shaped eggs suggesting potentially reduced reproductive success. Centre-range individuals allocated the most energy to reproduction, with the highest number of intermediate-sized eggs, whilst equatorward sites were the least physiologically stressful, thus confirming the warm-adapted nature of our model organism. Variation in total egg diameter and relative fecundity were influenced by a combination of environmental conditions, which changed depending on the trait and sampling period. An integrated approach involving biochemical and reproductive traits is essential for understanding macro-scale patterns in the face of anthropogenic-induced climate change across environmental and latitudinal gradients.
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10
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Barley JM, Cheng BS, Sasaki M, Gignoux-Wolfsohn S, Hays CG, Putnam AB, Sheth S, Villeneuve AR, Kelly M. Limited plasticity in thermally tolerant ectotherm populations: evidence for a trade-off. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210765. [PMID: 34493077 PMCID: PMC8424342 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species face extinction risks owing to climate change, and there is an urgent need to identify which species' populations will be most vulnerable. Plasticity in heat tolerance, which includes acclimation or hardening, occurs when prior exposure to a warmer temperature changes an organism's upper thermal limit. The capacity for thermal acclimation could provide protection against warming, but prior work has found few generalizable patterns to explain variation in this trait. Here, we report the results of, to our knowledge, the first meta-analysis to examine within-species variation in thermal plasticity, using results from 20 studies (19 species) that quantified thermal acclimation capacities across 78 populations. We used meta-regression to evaluate two leading hypotheses. The climate variability hypothesis predicts that populations from more thermally variable habitats will have greater plasticity, while the trade-off hypothesis predicts that populations with the lowest heat tolerance will have the greatest plasticity. Our analysis indicates strong support for the trade-off hypothesis because populations with greater thermal tolerance had reduced plasticity. These results advance our understanding of variation in populations' susceptibility to climate change and imply that populations with the highest thermal tolerance may have limited phenotypic plasticity to adjust to ongoing climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordanna M. Barley
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Brian S. Cheng
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Matthew Sasaki
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Cynthia G. Hays
- Department of Biology, Keene State College, Keene, NH 03435, USA
| | - Alysha B. Putnam
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Seema Sheth
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Andrew R. Villeneuve
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Morgan Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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11
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Is There More to Within-plant Variation in Seed Size than Developmental Noise? Evol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWithin-plant variation in seed size may merely reflect developmental instability, or it may be adaptive in facilitating diversifying bet-hedging, that is, production of phenotypically diverse offspring when future environments are unpredictable. To test the latter hypothesis, we analyzed patterns of variation in seed size in 11 populations of the perennial vine Dalechampia scandens grown in a common greenhouse environment. We tested whether population differences in the mean and variation of seed size covaried with environmental predictability at two different timescales. We also tested whether within-plant variation in seed size was correlated with independent measures of floral developmental instability and increased under stressful conditions. Populations differed genetically in the amount of seed-size variation occurring among plants, among infructescences within plants, and among seeds within infructescences. Within-individual variation was not detectably correlated with measures of developmental instability and did not increase under stress, but it increased weakly with short-term environmental unpredictability of precipitation at the source-population site. These results support the hypothesis that greater variation in seed size is adaptive when environmental predictability is low.
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12
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Van Allen B, Jones N, Gilbert B, Carscadden K, Germain R. Maternal effects and the outcome of interspecific competition. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7544-7556. [PMID: 34188833 PMCID: PMC8216948 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal environmental effects create lagged population responses to past environments. Although they are ubiquitous and vary in expression across taxa, it remains unclear if and how their presence alters competitive interactions in ecological communities.Here, we use a discrete-time competition model to simulate how maternal effects alter competitive dynamics in fluctuating and constant environments. Further, we explore how omitting maternal effects alter estimates of known model parameters from observational time series data.Our simulations demonstrate that (i) maternal effects change competitive outcomes, regardless of whether competitors otherwise interact neutrally or exhibit non-neutral competitive differences, (ii) the consequences of maternal effects for competitive outcomes are mediated by the temporal structure of environmental variation, (iii) even in constant conditions, competitive outcomes are influenced by species' maternal effects strategies, and (iv) in observational time series data, omitting maternal effects reduces variation explained by models and biases parameter estimates, including competition coefficients.Our findings demonstrate that the ecological consequences of maternal effects hinge on the competitive environment. Evolutionary biologists have long recognized that maternal effects can be an important but often overlooked strategy buffering populations from environmental change. We suggest that maternal effects are similarly critical to ecology and call for research into maternal effects as drivers of dynamics in populations and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Van Allen
- Ecology, Behavior, and EvolutionUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Natalie Jones
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Kelly Carscadden
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Rachel Germain
- Zoology & Biodiversity Research CentreThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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13
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White CR, Marshall DJ, Chown SL, Clusella‐Trullas S, Portugal SJ, Franklin CE, Seebacher F. Geographical bias in physiological data limits predictions of global change impacts. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. White
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Dustin J. Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Susana Clusella‐Trullas
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Steven J. Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences Royal HollowayUniversity of London Egham UK
| | - Craig E. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08 University of Sydney Sydney Australia
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14
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March-Salas M, Fandos G, Fitze PS. Effects of intrinsic environmental predictability on intra-individual and intra-population variability of plant reproductive traits and eco-evolutionary consequences. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:413-423. [PMID: 32421780 PMCID: PMC7988524 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is widely accepted that changes in the environment affect mean trait expression, but little is known about how the environment shapes intra-individual and intra-population variance. Theory suggests that intra-individual variance might be plastic and under natural selection, rather than reflecting developmental noise, but evidence for this hypothesis is scarce. Here, we experimentally tested whether differences in intrinsic environmental predictability affect intra-individual and intra-population variability of different reproductive traits, and whether intra-individual variability is under selection. METHODS Under field conditions, we subjected Onobrychis viciifolia to more and less predictable precipitation over 4 generations and 4 years. We analysed effects on the coefficient of intra-individual variation (CVi-i) and the coefficient of intra-population variation (CVi-p), assessed whether the coefficients of intra-individual variation (CsVi-i) are under natural selection and tested for transgenerational responses (ancestor environmental effects on offspring). KEY RESULTS Less predictable precipitation led to higher CsVi-i and CsVi-p, consistent with plastic responses. The CsVi-i of all studied traits were under consistent stabilizing selection, and precipitation predictability affected the strength of selection and the location of the optimal CVi-i of a single trait. All CsVi-i differed from the optimal CVi-i and the maternal and offspring CsVi-i were positively correlated, showing that there was scope for change. Nevertheless, no consistent transgenerational effects were found in any of the three descendant generations, which contrasts with recent studies that detected rapid transgenerational responses in the trait means of different plant species. This suggests that changes in intra-individual variability take longer to evolve than changes in trait means, which may explain why high intra-individual variability is maintained, despite the stabilizing selection. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that plastic changes of intra-individual variability are an important determinant of whether plants will be able to cope with changes in environmental predictability induced by the currently observed climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí March-Salas
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria, Jaca, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail or
| | - Guillermo Fandos
- Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick S Fitze
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria, Jaca, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail or
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15
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Sun R, Xu Y, Wu Y, Tang J, Esquivel-Elizondo S, Kerr PG, Staddon PL, Liu J. Functional sustainability of nutrient accumulation by periphytic biofilm under temperature fluctuations. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1145-1154. [PMID: 31437081 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1659422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Temperature can fluctuate widely between different seasons, and this may greatly impact many biological processes. However, little is known about its influence on the functioning of benthic microbial communities. Here we investigated the nutrient accumulation capability of periphytic biofilm under temperature fluctuations (17-35°C). Periphytic biofilm maintained the same nutrient accumulation capacity after experiencing the 'warming-hot-cooling' temperature fluctuation under both lab and outdoor conditions as those without temperature disturbance. In response to temperature increase, both community composition and species richness changed greatly and the increase in biodiversity was identified as being the underlying mechanism boosting the sustainable function in nutrient accumulation, indicating zero net effects of community changes. These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of how benthic microbial communities adapt to temperature fluctuations to maintain nutrient accumulation capacity and elucidate that periphytic biofilm plays important roles in influencing nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems under temperature changes such as seasonal fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sofia Esquivel-Elizondo
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philip G Kerr
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Philip L Staddon
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- Department of Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junzhuo Liu
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Marshall DJ, Alvarez-Noriega M. Projecting marine developmental diversity and connectivity in future oceans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190450. [PMID: 33131447 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Global change will alter the distribution of organisms around the planet. While many studies have explored how different species, groups and traits might be re-arranged, few have explored how dispersal is likely to change under future conditions. Dispersal drives ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations, determining resilience, persistence and spread. In marine systems, dispersal shows clear biogeographical patterns and is extremely dependent on temperature, so simple projections can be made regarding how dispersal potentials are likely to change owing to global warming under future thermal regimes. We use two proxies for dispersal-developmental mode and developmental duration. Species with a larval phase are more dispersive than those that lack a larval phase, and species that spend longer developing in the plankton are more dispersive than those that spend less time in the plankton. Here, we explore how the distribution of different development modes is likely to change based on current distributions. Next, we estimate how the temperature-dependence of development itself depends on the temperature in which the species lives, and use this estimate to project how developmental durations are likely to change in the future. We find that species with feeding larvae are likely to become more prevalent, extending their distribution poleward at the expense of species with aplanktonic development. We predict that developmental durations are likely to decrease, particularly in high latitudes where durations may decline by more than 90%. Overall, we anticipate significant changes to dispersal in marine environments, with species in the polar seas experiencing the greatest change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Marshall
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mariana Alvarez-Noriega
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Bernhardt JR, O'Connor MI, Sunday JM, Gonzalez A. Life in fluctuating environments. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190454. [PMID: 33131443 PMCID: PMC7662201 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability in the environment defines the structure and dynamics of all living systems, from organisms to ecosystems. Species have evolved traits and strategies that allow them to detect, exploit and predict the changing environment. These traits allow organisms to maintain steady internal conditions required for physiological functioning through feedback mechanisms that allow internal conditions to remain at or near a set-point despite a fluctuating environment. In addition to feedback, many organisms have evolved feedforward processes, which allow them to adjust in anticipation of an expected future state of the environment. Here we provide a framework describing how feedback and feedforward mechanisms operating within organisms can generate effects across scales of organization, and how they allow living systems to persist in fluctuating environments. Daily, seasonal and multi-year cycles provide cues that organisms use to anticipate changes in physiologically relevant environmental conditions. Using feedforward mechanisms, organisms can exploit correlations in environmental variables to prepare for anticipated future changes. Strategies to obtain, store and act on information about the conditional nature of future events are advantageous and are evidenced in widespread phenotypes such as circadian clocks, social behaviour, diapause and migrations. Humans are altering the ways in which the environment fluctuates, causing correlations between environmental variables to become decoupled, decreasing the reliability of cues. Human-induced environmental change is also altering sensory environments and the ability of organisms to detect cues. Recognizing that living systems combine feedback and feedforward processes is essential to understanding their responses to current and future regimes of environmental fluctuations. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey R Bernhardt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Jennifer M Sunday
- Department of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
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18
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19
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Diaz F, Kuijper B, Hoyle RB, Talamantes N, Coleman JM, Matzkin LM. Environmental predictability drives adaptive within‐ and transgenerational plasticity of heat tolerance across life stages and climatic regions. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Diaz
- Department of Entomology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - Bram Kuijper
- Center for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Rebecca B. Hoyle
- School of Mathematical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | | | | | - Luciano M. Matzkin
- Department of Entomology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
- BIO5 InstituteUniversity of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
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20
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Ten Brink H, Onstein RE, de Roos AM. Habitat deterioration promotes the evolution of direct development in metamorphosing species. Evolution 2020; 74:1826-1850. [PMID: 32524589 PMCID: PMC7496874 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Although metamorphosis is widespread in the animal kingdom, several species have evolved life‐cycle modifications to avoid complete metamorphosis. Some species, for example, many salamanders and newts, have deleted the adult stage via a process called paedomorphosis. Others, for example, some frog species and marine invertebrates, no longer have a distinct larval stage and reach maturation via direct development. Here we study which ecological conditions can lead to the loss of metamorphosis via the evolution of direct development. To do so, we use size‐structured consumer‐resource models in conjunction with the adaptive‐dynamics approach. In case the larval habitat deteriorates, individuals will produce larger offspring and in concert accelerate metamorphosis. Although this leads to the evolutionary transition from metamorphosis to direct development when the adult habitat is highly favorable, the population will go extinct in case the adult habitat does not provide sufficient food to escape metamorphosis. With a phylogenetic approach we furthermore show that among amphibians the transition of metamorphosis to direct development is indeed, in line with model predictions, conditional on and preceded by the evolution of larger egg sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Ten Brink
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Renske E Onstein
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - André M de Roos
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Lind MI, Zwoinska MK, Andersson J, Carlsson H, Krieg T, Larva T, Maklakov AA. Environmental variation mediates the evolution of anticipatory parental effects. Evol Lett 2020; 4:371-381. [PMID: 32774885 PMCID: PMC7403678 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory maintains that when future environment is predictable, parents should adjust the phenotype of their offspring to match the anticipated environment. The plausibility of positive anticipatory parental effects is hotly debated and the experimental evidence for the evolution of such effects is currently lacking. We experimentally investigated the evolution of anticipatory maternal effects in a range of environments that differ drastically in how predictable they are. Populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei, adapted to 20°C, were exposed to a novel temperature (25°C) for 30 generations with either positive or zero correlation between parent and offspring environment. We found that populations evolving in novel environments that were predictable across generations evolved a positive anticipatory maternal effect, because they required maternal exposure to 25°C to achieve maximum reproduction in that temperature. In contrast, populations evolving under zero environmental correlation had lost this anticipatory maternal effect. Similar but weaker patterns were found if instead rate‐sensitive population growth was used as a fitness measure. These findings demonstrate that anticipatory parental effects evolve in response to environmental change so that ill‐fitting parental effects can be rapidly lost. Evolution of positive anticipatory parental effects can aid population viability in rapidly changing but predictable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin I Lind
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala 752 36 Sweden.,Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim NO-7491 Norway
| | - Martyna K Zwoinska
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala 752 36 Sweden
| | - Johan Andersson
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala 752 36 Sweden
| | - Hanne Carlsson
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala 752 36 Sweden.,School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
| | - Therese Krieg
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala 752 36 Sweden
| | - Tuuli Larva
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala 752 36 Sweden
| | - Alexei A Maklakov
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala 752 36 Sweden.,School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
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22
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Waters J, Emerson B, Arribas P, McCulloch G. Dispersal Reduction: Causes, Genomic Mechanisms, and Evolutionary Consequences. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:512-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Frankenhuis WE, Nettle D, Dall SRX. A case for environmental statistics of early-life effects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180110. [PMID: 30966883 PMCID: PMC6460088 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is enduring debate over the question of which early-life effects are adaptive and which ones are not. Mathematical modelling shows that early-life effects can be adaptive in environments that have particular statistical properties, such as reliable cues to current conditions and high autocorrelation of environmental states. However, few empirical studies have measured these properties, leading to an impasse. Progress, therefore, depends on research that quantifies cue reliability and autocorrelation of environmental parameters in real environments. These statistics may be different for social and non-social aspects of the environment. In this paper, we summarize evolutionary models of early-life effects. Then, we discuss empirical data on environmental statistics from a range of disciplines. We highlight cases where data on environmental statistics have been used to test competing explanations of early-life effects. We conclude by providing guidelines for new data collection and reflections on future directions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem E Frankenhuis
- 1 Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University , Nijmegen 6500 HE , The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Nettle
- 2 Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , UK
| | - Sasha R X Dall
- 3 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Penryn TR10 9FE , UK
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24
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Kroeker KJ, Bell LE, Donham EM, Hoshijima U, Lummis S, Toy JA, Willis-Norton E. Ecological change in dynamic environments: Accounting for temporal environmental variability in studies of ocean change biology. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:54-67. [PMID: 31743515 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environmental conditions in the ocean have long been considered relatively more stable through time compared to the conditions on land. Advances in sensing technologies, however, are increasingly revealing substantial fluctuations in abiotic factors over ecologically and evolutionarily relevant timescales in the ocean, leading to a growing recognition of the dynamism of the marine environment as well as new questions about how this dynamism may influence species' vulnerability to global environmental change. In some instances, the diurnal or seasonal variability in major environmental change drivers, such as temperature, pH and seawater carbonate chemistry, and dissolved oxygen, can exceed the changes expected with continued anthropogenic global change. While ocean global change biologists have begun to experimentally test how variability in environmental conditions mediates species' responses to changes in the mean, the extensive literature on species' adaptations to temporal variability in their environment and the implications of this variability for their evolutionary responses has not been well integrated into the field. Here, we review the physiological mechanisms underlying species' responses to changes in temperature, pCO2 /pH (and other carbonate parameters), and dissolved oxygen, and discuss what is known about behavioral, plastic, and evolutionary strategies for dealing with variable environments. In addition, we discuss how exposure to variability may influence species' responses to changes in the mean conditions and highlight key research needs for ocean global change biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy J Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Lauren E Bell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Emily M Donham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Umihiko Hoshijima
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Lummis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jason A Toy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Willis-Norton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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25
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Masó G, Ozgul A, Fitze PS. Decreased Precipitation Predictability Negatively Affects Population Growth through Differences in Adult Survival. Am Nat 2019; 195:43-55. [PMID: 31868534 DOI: 10.1086/706183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Global climate change is leading to decreased climatic predictability. Theoretical work indicates that changes in the climate's intrinsic predictability will affect population dynamics and extinction, but experimental evidence is scarce. Here, we experimentally tested whether differences in intrinsic precipitation predictability affect population dynamics of the European common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) by simulating more predictable (MP) and less predictable (LP) precipitation in 12 seminatural populations over 3 years and measuring different vital rates. A seasonal age-structured matrix model was parametrized to assess treatment effects on vital rates and asymptotic population growth (λ). There was a nonsignificant trend for survival being higher in MP than in LP precipitation, and no differences existed in reproductive rates. Small nonsignificant survival differences in adults explained changes in λ, and survival differences among age classes were in line with predictions from cohort resonance. As a result, λ was significantly higher in MP than in LP precipitation. This experimentally shows that small effects have major consequences on λ, that forecasted decreases in precipitation predictability are likely to exacerbate the current rate of population decline and extinction, and that stage-structured matrix models are required to unravel the aftermath of climate change.
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26
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Environmental Predictability as a Cause and Consequence of Animal Movement. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 35:163-174. [PMID: 31699411 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of environmental predictability on the ecology and evolution of animal movement have been the subject of vigorous speculation for several decades. Recently, the swell of new biologging technologies has further stimulated their investigation. This advancing research frontier, however, still lacks conceptual unification and has so far focused little on converse effects. Populations of moving animals have ubiquitous effects on processes such as nutrient cycling and seed dispersal and may therefore shape patterns of environmental predictability. Here, we synthesise the main strands of the literature on the feedbacks between environmental predictability and animal movement and discuss how they may react to anthropogenic disruption, leading to unexpected threats for wildlife and the environment.
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27
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Masó G, Kaufmann J, Clavero H, Fitze PS. Age-dependent effects of moderate differences in environmental predictability forecasted by climate change, experimental evidence from a short-lived lizard (Zootoca vivipara). Sci Rep 2019; 9:15546. [PMID: 31664098 PMCID: PMC6820789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether and how differences in environmental predictability affect life-history traits is controversial and may depend on mean environmental conditions. Solid evidence for effects of environmental predictability are lacking and thus, the consequences of the currently observed and forecasted climate-change induced reduction of precipitation predictability are largely unknown. Here we experimentally tested whether and how changes in the predictability of precipitation affect growth, reproduction, and survival of common lizard Zootoca vivipara. Precipitation predictability affected all three age classes. While adults were able to compensate the treatment effects, yearlings and juvenile females were not able to compensate negative effects of less predictable precipitation on growth and body condition, respectively. Differences among the age-classes' response reflect differences (among age-classes) in the sensitivity to environmental predictability. Moreover, effects of environmental predictability depended on mean environmental conditions. This indicates that integrating differences in environmental sensitivity, and changes in averages and the predictability of climatic variables will be key to understand whether species are able to cope with the current climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Masó
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 16, 22700, Jaca, Spain
| | - J Kaufmann
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - H Clavero
- IUCN-Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, c/Marie Curie, 22, Edif. Habitec, 29590, Campanillas, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P S Fitze
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 16, 22700, Jaca, Spain.
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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28
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March-Salas M, van Kleunen M, Fitze PS. Rapid and positive responses of plants to lower precipitation predictability. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191486. [PMID: 31640513 PMCID: PMC6834054 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Current climate change is characterized by an increase in weather variability, which includes altered means, variance and predictability of weather parameters, and which may affect an organism's ecology and evolution. Few studies have experimentally manipulated the variability of weather parameters, and very little is known about the effects of changes in the intrinsic predictability of weather parameters on living organisms. Here, we experimentally tested the effects of differences in intrinsic precipitation-predictability on two herbaceous plants (Onobrychis viciifolia and Papaver rhoeas). Lower precipitation-predictability led to phenological advance and to an increase in reproductive success, and population growth. Both species exhibited rapid transgenerational responses in phenology and fitness-related traits across four generations that mitigated most effects of precipitation-predictability on fitness proxies of ancestors. Transgenerational responses appeared to be the result of changes in phenotypic plasticity rather than local adaptation. They mainly existed with respect to conditions prevailing during early, but not during late growth, suggesting that responses to differences in predictability during late growth might be more difficult. The results show that lower short-term predictability of precipitation positively affected fitness, rapid transgenerational responses existed and different time scales of predictability (short-term, seasonal and transgenerational predictability) may affect organisms differently. This shows that the time scale of predictability should be considered in evolutionary and ecological theories, and in assessments of the consequences of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí March-Salas
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 16, 22700 Jaca, Spain
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Patrick S. Fitze
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 16, 22700 Jaca, Spain
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29
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Catullo RA, Llewelyn J, Phillips BL, Moritz CC. The Potential for Rapid Evolution under Anthropogenic Climate Change. Curr Biol 2019; 29:R996-R1007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Liu J, Tang J, Wan J, Wu C, Graham B, Kerr PG, Wu Y. Functional sustainability of periphytic biofilms in organic matter and Cu 2+ removal during prolonged exposure to TiO 2 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 370:4-12. [PMID: 28886877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Responses of microbial communities to nanotoxicity in aquatic ecosystems are largely unknown, particularly with respect to relationship between community dynamics and functions. Here, periphytic biofilms were selected as a model of species-rich microbial communities to elucidate their responses when exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). Especially, the relationships between the functions (e.g. organic matter and Cu2+ removal) and community dynamics after long-term exposure to TiO2-NPs were assessed systematically. After 5days exposure to TiO2-NPs (5mgL-1), periphytic biofilms showed sustainable functions in pollutant removal and strong plasticity in defensing the toxic disturbance of TiO2-NPs, including photosynthesis and carbon metabolic diversity. The sustainable pollutant removal functions of periphytic biofilms were attributed to their functional redundancy. Specifically, periphytic biofilms altered their composition with cyanobacteria, Sphingobacteriia and Spirochaetes being the newly dominant taxa, and changed the carbon substrate utilization pattern to maintain high photosynthesis and metabolic rates. Moreover, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) especially proteins were overproduced to bind the NPs and thereby reduce the nanotoxicity. The information obtained in this study may greatly help to understand the interactions between microbial community dynamics and function under NPs exposure conditions and functional redundancy is an important mechanism of periphytic biofilms to maintain sustainable functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Juanjuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Civil Engineering, East China Jiaotong University,808 East Shuanggang Road, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bruce Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma St, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Philip G Kerr
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma St, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Yonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, P. O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA.
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31
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Santacruz-Castro AM. Regional variability in reproductive traits of the Acropora hyacinthus species complex in the Western Pacific Region. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208605. [PMID: 30695041 PMCID: PMC6350966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding natural variations in the life history traits of reef-building corals under different environmental conditions is an area of active research. This study compares variability in the reproductive and genetic traits of the hermaphroditic broadcast spawning coral Acropora hyacinthus, from the Western Pacific Region, across six different latitudes [Japan (33° and 31°N), Taiwan (23°, 22° and 21°N), and Indonesia (5°S)]. Egg sizes among corals in the lowest latitude studied were significantly larger than those at high latitudes, while the mean number of eggs were significantly different only among high latitude and two out of the three mid latitude locations studied. Egg numbers were significantly negatively correlated with egg and testis volumes, indicating reproductive trade-offs across locations. Female gonad volumes were smaller at high latitudes but significantly larger at lower latitudes, being positively correlated with seawater temperatures. Furthermore, high genetic similarities among populations suggest active gene flow among low-, mid- and high-latitude locations. An exception to this trend, the mid-latitude location of Penghu (off western Taiwan) formed an independent group with highly similar genetic and reproductive traits, suggesting reproductive isolation with local adaptations. This study reports natural spatial variations in the reproductive traits of A. hyacinthus at different latitudinal locations, which may serve as baseline information to predict how the life histories of corals in general respond to the impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Maria Santacruz-Castro
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University and and Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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32
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Pecuchet L, Reygondeau G, Cheung WWL, Licandro P, van Denderen PD, Payne MR, Lindegren M. Spatial distribution of life-history traits and their response to environmental gradients across multiple marine taxa. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurene Pecuchet
- Centre for Ocean Life; National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua); Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program; Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia V6 T 1Z4 Canada
| | - William W. L. Cheung
- Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program; Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia V6 T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Priscilla Licandro
- The Laboratory; Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science; Citadel Hill Plymouth PL1 2PB UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory; Prospect Place, The Hoe Plymouth PL1 3DH UK
- Stazione Zoologica ‘Anton Dohrn,’ Villa Comunale; 80121 Napoli NA Italy
| | - P. Daniel van Denderen
- Centre for Ocean Life; National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua); Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Mark R. Payne
- Centre for Ocean Life; National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua); Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Martin Lindegren
- Centre for Ocean Life; National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua); Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
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33
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Marshall DJ, Pettersen AK, Cameron H. A global synthesis of offspring size variation, its eco‐evolutionary causes and consequences. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hayley Cameron
- Centre for Geometric BiologyMonash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
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34
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Boettiger C. From noise to knowledge: how randomness generates novel phenomena and reveals information. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1255-1267. [PMID: 29790295 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Noise, as the term itself suggests, is most often seen a nuisance to ecological insight, a inconvenient reality that must be acknowledged, a haystack that must be stripped away to reveal the processes of interest underneath. Yet despite this well-earned reputation, noise is often interesting in its own right: noise can induce novel phenomena that could not be understood from some underlying deterministic model alone. Nor is all noise the same, and close examination of differences in frequency, colour or magnitude can reveal insights that would otherwise be inaccessible. Yet with each aspect of stochasticity leading to some new or unexpected behaviour, the time is right to move beyond the familiar refrain of "everything is important" (Bjørnstad & Grenfell ). Stochastic phenomena can suggest new ways of inferring process from pattern, and thus spark more dialog between theory and empirical perspectives that best advances the field as a whole. I highlight a few compelling examples, while observing that the study of stochastic phenomena are only beginning to make this translation into empirical inference. There are rich opportunities at this interface in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Boettiger
- Dept of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA
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35
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Burgess SC, Snyder RE, Rountree B. Collective Dispersal Leads to Variance in Fitness and Maintains Offspring Size Variation within Marine Populations. Am Nat 2018. [DOI: 10.1086/695879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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36
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Donelson JM, Salinas S, Munday PL, Shama LNS. Transgenerational plasticity and climate change experiments: Where do we go from here? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:13-34. [PMID: 29024256 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, both within and across generations, is an important mechanism that organisms use to cope with rapid climate change. While an increasing number of studies show that plasticity across generations (transgenerational plasticity or TGP) may occur, we have limited understanding of key aspects of TGP, such as the environmental conditions that may promote it, its relationship to within-generation plasticity (WGP) and its role in evolutionary potential. In this review, we consider how the detection of TGP in climate change experiments is affected by the predictability of environmental variation, as well as the timing and magnitude of environmental change cues applied. We also discuss the need to design experiments that are able to distinguish TGP from selection and TGP from WGP in multigenerational experiments. We conclude by suggesting future research directions that build on the knowledge to date and admit the limitations that exist, which will depend on the way environmental change is simulated and the type of experimental design used. Such an approach will open up this burgeoning area of research to a wider variety of organisms and allow better predictive capacity of the role of TGP in the response of organisms to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Donelson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Lisa N S Shama
- Coastal Ecology Section, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, List, Germany
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37
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Ashander J, Chevin LM, Baskett ML. Predicting evolutionary rescue via evolving plasticity in stochastic environments. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1690. [PMID: 27655762 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity and its evolution may help evolutionary rescue in a novel and stressful environment, especially if environmental novelty reveals cryptic genetic variation that enables the evolution of increased plasticity. However, the environmental stochasticity ubiquitous in natural systems may alter these predictions, because high plasticity may amplify phenotype-environment mismatches. Although previous studies have highlighted this potential detrimental effect of plasticity in stochastic environments, they have not investigated how it affects extinction risk in the context of evolutionary rescue and with evolving plasticity. We investigate this question here by integrating stochastic demography with quantitative genetic theory in a model with simultaneous change in the mean and predictability (temporal autocorrelation) of the environment. We develop an approximate prediction of long-term persistence under the new pattern of environmental fluctuations, and compare it with numerical simulations for short- and long-term extinction risk. We find that reduced predictability increases extinction risk and reduces persistence because it increases stochastic load during rescue. This understanding of how stochastic demography, phenotypic plasticity, and evolution interact when evolution acts on cryptic genetic variation revealed in a novel environment can inform expectations for invasions, extinctions, or the emergence of chemical resistance in pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Ashander
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA Center for Population Biology, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Luis-Miguel Chevin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Marissa L Baskett
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA Center for Population Biology, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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38
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The mean and variance of climate change in the oceans: hidden evolutionary potential under stochastic environmental variability in marine sticklebacks. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8889. [PMID: 28827678 PMCID: PMC5567136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing climate variability may pose an even greater risk to species than climate warming because temperature fluctuations can amplify adverse impacts of directional warming on fitness-related traits. Here, the influence of directional warming and increasing climate variability on marine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) offspring size variation was investigated by simulating changes to the mean and variance of ocean temperatures predicted under climate change. Reproductive traits of mothers and offspring size reaction norms across four climate scenarios were examined to assess the roles of standing genetic variation, transgenerational and within-generation plasticity in adaptive potential. Mothers acclimated to directional warming produced smaller eggs than mothers in constant, ambient temperatures, whereas mothers in a predictably variable environment (weekly change between temperatures) produced a range of egg sizes, possibly reflecting a diversified bet hedging strategy. Offspring size post-hatch was mostly influenced by genotype by environment interactions and not transgenerational effects. Offspring size reaction norms also differed depending on the type of environmental predictability (predictably variable vs. stochastic), with offspring reaching the largest sizes in the stochastic environment. Release of cryptic genetic variation for offspring size in the stochastic environment suggests hidden evolutionary potential in this wild population to respond to changes in environmental predictability.
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39
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Eckerström‐Liedholm S, Sowersby W, Gonzalez‐Voyer A, Rogell B. Time‐limited environments affect the evolution of egg–body size allometry. Evolution 2017; 71:1900-1910. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Will Sowersby
- Department of ZoologyStockholm University Stockholm 114 18 Sweden
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez‐Voyer
- Department of ZoologyStockholm University Stockholm 114 18 Sweden
- Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 70–275, Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Cd México Mexico
| | - Björn Rogell
- Department of ZoologyStockholm University Stockholm 114 18 Sweden
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40
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Wu Y, Wang F, Xiao X, Liu J, Wu C, Chen H, Kerr P, Shurin J. Seasonal changes in phosphorus competition and allelopathy of a benthic microbial assembly facilitate prevention of cyanobacterial blooms. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2483-2494. [PMID: 28464383 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Interactions among microbes determine the prevalence of harmful algal blooms that threaten water quality. These interactions can be indirectly mediated by shared resources or consumers, or through interference by the production of allelochemicals. Allelopathic interactions and resource competition have been shown to occur among algae and associated microbes. However, little work has considered seasonal influences on ecosystem structure and function. Here, we report results of our investigations on seasonal changes in the interactions between benthic microbial assemblies and the bloom forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. We show that phosphorus (P) competition and allelopathy by the microbial assembly vary seasonally and inhibit growth of M. aeruginosa. The interactions per unit biomass of the microbial assembly are stronger under winter than summer conditions and inhibit the recruitment of the cyanobacteria, thereby preventing the reoccurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in the following summer. The seasonality of these interactions correlates with changes in composition, metabolic activity and functional diversity of the microbial assembly. Our findings highlight the importance of competitive and allelopathic interactions in regulating the occurrence of harmful algal blooms. Our results also imply that seasonal variation of competition and allelopathy of the microbial assembly might be beneficial to adjust aquatic ecosystem structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Fengwu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, 1 Zheda Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316000, China
| | - Junzhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Philip Kerr
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma St, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Jonathan Shurin
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California - San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, Dept 0116, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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41
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Costa-Pereira R, Tavares LE.R, de Camargo PB, Araújo MS. Seasonal population and individual niche dynamics in a tetra fish in the Pantanal wetlands. Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Costa-Pereira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Instituto de Biociências; Rio Claro SP 13506-900 Brazil
- Programa de Póˇs-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade; Instituto de Biociências; UNESP; Rio Claro SP 13506-900 Brazil
- BioSciences; Rice University; Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Luiz E .R. Tavares
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande MS 79070-900 Brazil
| | - Plínio Barbosa de Camargo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica; Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura; Universidade de São Paulo; Piracicaba SP 13416-000 Brazil
| | - Márcio S. Araújo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Instituto de Biociências; Rio Claro SP 13506-900 Brazil
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42
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43
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Dey S, Proulx SR, Teotónio H. Adaptation to Temporally Fluctuating Environments by the Evolution of Maternal Effects. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002388. [PMID: 26910440 PMCID: PMC4766184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
All organisms live in temporally fluctuating environments. Theory predicts that the evolution of deterministic maternal effects (i.e., anticipatory maternal effects or transgenerational phenotypic plasticity) underlies adaptation to environments that fluctuate in a predictably alternating fashion over maternal-offspring generations. In contrast, randomizing maternal effects (i.e., diversifying and conservative bet-hedging), are expected to evolve in response to unpredictably fluctuating environments. Although maternal effects are common, evidence for their adaptive significance is equivocal since they can easily evolve as a correlated response to maternal selection and may or may not increase the future fitness of offspring. Using the hermaphroditic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we here show that the experimental evolution of maternal glycogen provisioning underlies adaptation to a fluctuating normoxia-anoxia hatching environment by increasing embryo survival under anoxia. In strictly alternating environments, we found that hermaphrodites evolved the ability to increase embryo glycogen provisioning when they experienced normoxia and to decrease embryo glycogen provisioning when they experienced anoxia. At odds with existing theory, however, populations facing irregularly fluctuating normoxia-anoxia hatching environments failed to evolve randomizing maternal effects. Instead, adaptation in these populations may have occurred through the evolution of fitness effects that percolate over multiple generations, as they maintained considerably high expected growth rates during experimental evolution despite evolving reduced fecundity and reduced embryo survival under one or two generations of anoxia. We develop theoretical models that explain why adaptation to a wide range of patterns of environmental fluctuations hinges on the existence of deterministic maternal effects, and that such deterministic maternal effects are more likely to contribute to adaptation than randomizing maternal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdhadip Dey
- Institut de Biologie de l´École Normale Supérieure, INSERM U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, France
| | - Stephen R. Proulx
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Henrique Teotónio
- Institut de Biologie de l´École Normale Supérieure, INSERM U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, France
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44
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Chown SL, Haupt TM, Sinclair BJ. Similar metabolic rate-temperature relationships after acclimation at constant and fluctuating temperatures in caterpillars of a sub-Antarctic moth. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 85:10-16. [PMID: 26592773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Temperature compensation in whole-animal metabolic rate is one of the responses thought, controversially, to characterize insects from low temperature environments. Temperature compensation may either involve a change in absolute values of metabolic rates or a change in the slope of the metabolic rate - temperature relationship. Moreover, assessments of compensation may be complicated by animal responses to fluctuating temperatures. Here we examined whole animal metabolic rates, at 0 °C, 5 °C, 10 °C and 15 °C, in caterpillars of the sub-Antarctic moth, Pringleophaga marioni Viette (Tineidae), following one week acclimations to 5 °C, 10 °C and 15 °C, and fluctuating temperatures of 0-10 °C, 5-15 °C, and 10-20 °C. Over the short term, temperature compensation was found following acclimation to 5 °C, but the effect size was small (3-14%). By comparison with caterpillars of 13 other lepidopteran species, no effect of temperature compensation was present, with the relationship between metabolic rate and temperature having a Q10 of 2 among species, and no effect of latitude on temperature-corrected metabolic rate. Fluctuating temperature acclimations for the most part had little effect compared with constant temperatures of the same mean value. Nonetheless, fluctuating temperatures of 5-15 °C resulted in lower metabolic rates at all test temperatures compared with constant 10 °C acclimation, in keeping with expectations from the literature. Absence of significant responses, or those of large effect, in metabolic rates in response to acclimation, may be a consequence of the unpredictable temperature variation over the short-term on sub-Antarctic Marion Island, to which P. marioni is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Tanya M Haupt
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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45
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Guillaume AS, Monro K, Marshall DJ. Transgenerational plasticity and environmental stress: do paternal effects act as a conduit or a buffer? Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie S. Guillaume
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Keyne Monro
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Dustin J. Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia
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46
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Groothuis TGG, Taborsky B. Introducing biological realism into the study of developmental plasticity in behaviour. Front Zool 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S6. [PMID: 26816523 PMCID: PMC4722348 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-12-s1-s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing attention for integrating mechanistic and functional approaches to the study of (behavioural) development. As environments are mostly unstable, it is now often assumed that genetic parental information is in many cases not sufficient for offspring to become optimally adapted to the environment and that early environmental cues, either indirectly via the parents or from direct experience, are necessary to prepare them for a specific environment later in life. To study whether these early developmental processes are adaptive and through which mechanism, not only the early environmental cues but also how they impinge on the later-life environmental context has therefore to be taken into account when measuring the animal's performance. We first discuss at the conceptual level six ways in which interactions between influences of different time windows during development may act (consolidation, cumulative information gathering and priming, compensation, buffering, matching and mismatching, context dependent trait expression). In addition we discuss how different environmental factors during the same time window may interact in shaping the phenotype during development. Next we discuss the pros and cons of several experimental designs for testing these interaction effects, highlighting the necessity for full, reciprocal designs and the importance of adjusting the nature and time of manipulation to the animal's adaptive capacity. We then review support for the interaction effects from both theoretical models and animal experiments in different taxa. This demonstrates indeed the existence of interactions at multiple levels, including different environmental factors, different time windows and between generations. As a consequence, development is a life-long, environment-dependent process and therefore manipulating only the early environment without taking interaction effects with other and later environmental influences into account may lead to wrong conclusions and may also explain inconsistent results in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton G G Groothuis
- Behavioural Biology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Taborsky
- Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
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