1
|
Li X, Gao X, Tang N, Wang L, Xing W. Functional traits of exotic submerged macrophytes mediate diversity-invasibility relationship in freshwater communities under eutrophication. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175060. [PMID: 39067607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant diversity may respond differently in terms of whether it can drive plant invasions in freshwater ecosystem. Linkages and interactions between diversity and invasibility have not been clearly resolved, and it is unclear how nutrient enrichment (e.g., eutrophication) will affect this relationship. As a key predictor of plant growth, the ability of functional traits to mediate trade-offs in the diversity-invasibility relationship is unknown. Here, we conducted a series of experiments to determine the role of exotic plant functional traits in the diversity-invasibility relationship of submerged macrophyte communities under eutrophication. We selected common native and exotic submerged macrophytes in the subtropics to construct different diverse submerged macrophyte communities to simulate invasion. Meanwhile, to test the adaptability and importance of functional traits, we experimentally verified the differences in functional traits between exotic and native species. Our results showed a positive correlation between native plant diversity and community invasibility. Moreover, the invader's performance was predominantly determined by functional traits of exotic species, such as plant biomass and tissue nutrients, which were significantly altered by species diversity. Furthermore, our results suggested that functional traits contribute significantly more to the invasiveness of exotic submerged macrophytes than the other factors to which they are subjected. Plant functional traits can mediate the diversity-invasibility relationship because of the higher intrinsic dominance of exotic submerged macrophyte species. In summary, our study revealed diversity-invasibility relationship in submerged macrophyte communities and highlighted functional traits as key drivers of invasion of high-risk exotic submerged macrophyte species. Although previous studies have elucidated the importance of functional trait studies for plant invasions, our study provides the only current evidence demonstrating the important role of invaders' functional traits in mediating the diversity-invasibility relationship. This novel perspective offers valuable insights into the management and control of invasive aquatic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Xueyuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Na Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Wei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun Y, Ren ZK, Müller-Schärer H, Callaway RM, van Kleunen M, Huang W. Increasing and fluctuating resource availability enhances invasional meltdown. Ecology 2024:e4387. [PMID: 39016245 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Exotic plant invaders can promote others via direct or indirect facilitation, known as "invasional meltdown." Increased soil nutrients can also promote invaders by increasing their competitive impacts, but how this might affect meltdown is unknown. In a mesocosm experiment, we evaluated how eight exotic plant species and eight Eurasian native species responded individually to increasing densities of the invasive plant Conyza canadensis, while varying the supply and fluctuations of nutrients. We found that increasing density of C. canadensis intensified competitive suppression of natives but intensified facilitation of other exotics. Higher and fluctuating nutrients exacerbated the competitive effects on natives and facilitative effects on exotics. Overall, these results show a pronounced advantage of exotics over native target species with increased relative density of C. canadensis under high nutrient availability and fluctuation. We integrate these results with the observation that exotic species commonly drive increases in soil resources to suggest the Resource-driven Invasional Meltdown and Inhibition of Natives hypothesis in which biotic acceleration of resource availability promotes other exotic species over native species, leading to invasional meltdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Heinz Müller-Schärer
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McGeoch MA, Clarke DA, Mungi NA, Ordonez A. A nature-positive future with biological invasions: theory, decision support and research needs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230014. [PMID: 38583473 PMCID: PMC10999266 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2050, most areas of biodiversity significance will be heavily influenced by multiple drivers of environmental change. This includes overlap with the introduced ranges of many alien species that negatively impact biodiversity. With the decline in biodiversity and increase in all forms of global change, the need to envision the desired qualities of natural systems in the Anthropocene is growing, as is the need to actively maintain their natural values. Here, we draw on community ecology and invasion biology to (i) better understand trajectories of change in communities with a mix of native and alien populations, and (ii) to frame approaches to the stewardship of these mixed-species communities. We provide a set of premises and actions upon which a nature-positive future with biological invasions (NPF-BI) could be based, and a decision framework for dealing with uncertain species movements under climate change. A series of alternative management approaches become apparent when framed by scale-sensitive, spatially explicit, context relevant and risk-consequence considerations. Evidence of the properties of mixed-species communities together with predictive frameworks for the relative importance of the ecological processes at play provide actionable pathways to a NPF in which the reality of mixed-species communities are accommodated and managed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melodie A. McGeoch
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A. Clarke
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ninad Avinash Mungi
- Section of Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Ordonez
- Section of Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Qin H, Tang N, Li X, Xing W. Microplastics enhance the invasion of exotic submerged macrophytes by mediating plant functional traits, sediment properties, and microbial communities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134032. [PMID: 38492389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Plant invasions and microplastics (MPs) have significantly altered the structure and function of aquatic habitats worldwide, resulting in severe damage to aquatic ecosystem health. However, the effects of MPs on plant invasion and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we conducted mesocosm experiments over a 90-day period to assess the effects of polystyrene microplastics on the invasion of exotic submerged macrophytes, sediment physicochemical properties, and sediment bacterial communities. Our results showed that PS-MPs significantly promoted the performance of functional traits and the invasive ability of exotic submerged macrophytes, while native plants remained unaffected. Moreover, PS-MPs addition significantly decreased sediment pH while increasing sediment carbon and nitrogen content. Additionally, MPs increased the diversity of sediment bacterial community but inhibited its structural stability, thereby impacting sediment bacterial multifunctionality to varying degrees. Importantly, we identified sediment properties, bacterial composition, and bacterial multifunctionality as key mediators that greatly enhance the invasion of exotic submerged macrophytes. These findings provide compelling evidence that the increase in MPs may exacerbate the invasion risk of exotic submerged macrophytes through multiple pathways. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the ecological impacts of MPs on aquatic plant invasion and the health of aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hongjie Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Na Tang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Wei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wan JSH, Bonser SP, Pang CK, Fazlioglu F, Rutherford S. Adaptive responses to living in stressful habitats: Do invasive and native plant populations use different strategies? Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14419. [PMID: 38613177 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants inhabit stressful environments characterized by a variety of stressors, including mine sites, mountains, deserts, and high latitudes. Populations from stressful and reference (non-stressful) sites often have performance differences. However, while invasive and native species may respond differently to stressful environments, there is limited understanding of the patterns in reaction norms of populations from these sites. Here, we use phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis to assess the performance of populations under stress and non-stress conditions. We ask whether stress populations of natives and invasives differ in the magnitude of lowered performance under non-stress conditions and if they vary in the degree of performance advantage under stress. We also assessed whether these distinctions differ with stress intensity. Our findings revealed that natives not only have greater adaptive advantages but also more performance reductions than invasives. Populations from very stressful sites had more efficient adaptations, and performance costs increased with stress intensity in natives only. Overall, the results support the notion that adaptation is frequently costless. Reproductive output was most closely associated with adaptive costs and benefits. Our study characterized the adaptive strategies used by invasive and native plants under stressful conditions, thereby providing important insights into the limitations of adaptation to extreme sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S H Wan
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanic Science, Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen P Bonser
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clara K Pang
- PlantClinic, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Susan Rutherford
- Center for Sustainable Environmental and Ecosystem Research, Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, The Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Le H, Zhao C, Xiong G, Shen G, Xu W, Deng Y, Xie Z. Disentangling the role of environmental filtering and biotic resistance on alien invasions in a reservoir area. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2835. [PMID: 36890673 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale water conservancy projects benefit human life but have modified the landscape and provided opportunities for alien plant invasions. Understanding the environmental (e.g., climate), human-related (e.g., population density, proximity to human activities), and biotic (e.g., native plant, community structure) factors driving invasions is essential in the management of alien plants and biodiversity conservation in areas with intense human pressure. To this end, we investigated the spatial patterns of alien plant species distribution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) of China and distinguished the role of the external environment and community characteristics in determining the occurrence of alien plants with differing levels of known invasion impacts in China using random forest analyses and structural equation models. A total of 102 alien plant species belonging to 30 families and 67 genera were recorded, the majority being annual and biennial herbs (65.7%). The results showed a negative diversity-invasibility relationship and supported the biotic resistance hypothesis. Moreover, percentage coverage of native plants was found to interact with native species richness and had a predominant role in resisting alien plant species. We found alien dominance was mainly the result of disturbance (e.g., changes in hydrological regime), which drove native plant loss. Our results also demonstrated that disturbance and temperature were more important for the occurrence of malignant invaders than all alien plants. Overall, our study highlights the importance of restoring diverse and productive native communities in resistance to invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Le
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Gaoming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lau JA, Funk JL. How ecological and evolutionary theory expanded the 'ideal weed' concept. Oecologia 2023; 203:251-266. [PMID: 37340279 PMCID: PMC10684629 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Since Baker's attempt to characterize the 'ideal weed' over 50 years ago, ecologists have sought to identify features of species that predict invasiveness. Several of Baker's 'ideal weed' traits are well studied, and we now understand that many traits can facilitate different components of the invasion process, such as dispersal traits promoting transport or selfing enabling establishment. However, the effects of traits on invasion are context dependent. The traits promoting invasion in one community or at one invasion stage may inhibit invasion of other communities or success at other invasion stages, and the benefits of any given trait may depend on the other traits possessed by the species. Furthermore, variation in traits among populations or species is the result of evolution. Accordingly, evolution both prior to and after invasion may determine invasion outcomes. Here, we review how our understanding of the ecology and evolution of traits in invasive plants has developed since Baker's original efforts, resulting from empirical studies and the emergence of new frameworks and ideas such as community assembly theory, functional ecology, and rapid adaptation. Looking forward, we consider how trait-based approaches might inform our understanding of less-explored aspects of invasion biology ranging from invasive species responses to climate change to coevolution of invaded communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Lau
- Department of Biology and the Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jennifer L Funk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hassan MO, Mohamed HY, Okla MK, Kiani BH, Amro A. Dense Cover, but Not Allelopathic Potential, of Naturalized Alien Cenchrus echinatus L. Threatens the Native Species in Urban Vegetation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3736. [PMID: 37960091 PMCID: PMC10648999 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Exotic plants usually exhibit problems for native species where they coexist. This study evaluated the effect of naturalized alien Cenchrus echinatus L. on native plants in urban vegetation. A field trial was conducted to assess the effect of this species on the cover and diversity of the native vegetation. The allelopathic potential of such species was examined. Sites comprising C. echinatus had a lower cover than some native species. Lower floristic diversity was observed at higher densities of this plant. The soil under this plant attained lower N, P, and K contents. This soil had no effect on the germination and growth of native species. It also comprised germinable seeds of some species which were absent from the standing vegetation. Exotic C. echinatus may exert negative effects on the native vegetation of the urban plant communities. A dense cover of this species may inhibit the germination of native species, leading to a reduction in their cover. Reduction in cover and diversity of native species may not be attributed to allelopathy. These results suggest that naturalized C. echinatus may be more competitive than the native ones, particularly at higher densities. Furthermore, it may represent a threat to the native plants in the urban vegetation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud O. Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef E-62511, Egypt;
| | - Howida Y. Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef E-62511, Egypt;
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bushra Hafeez Kiani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;
| | - Ahmed Amro
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang J, You WH, Li NN, Du DL. Invasive clonal plants possess greater capacity for division of labor than natives in high patch contrast environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1210070. [PMID: 37492774 PMCID: PMC10363633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1210070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Invasion success of clonal plants is closely related to their unique clonal life history, and clonal division of labor is a crucial clonal trait. However, so far, it is unclear whether invasive alien clonal species generally possess a greater capacity for division of labor than native species and whether this pattern is affected by environmental conditions. To test whether patch contrast affects the differences in the capacity for division of labor between invasive alien and native clonal plants, we selected five pairs of exotic invasive and native clonal plant species that are congeneric and co-occurring in China as experimental materials. We grew the clonal fragment pairs of these invasive and native plants under high, low, or no contrast of reciprocal patchiness of light and nutrient, respectively, with ramet connections either severed (division of labor prevented) or kept intact (division of labor allowed). The results showed that connection significantly decreased the proportion of biomass allocated to roots in distal (younger) ramets, whereas it increased in proximal (older) ramets of all studied plants under high -contrast treatments. This clear pattern strongly indicated the occurrence of division of labor. Furthermore, the connection had a more pronounced effect on the pattern of biomass allocation of invasive alien plants, resulting in a greater increase in biomass for invasive alien plants compared to native plants. These findings suggest that the invasive alien plants possess a greater capacity for division of labor, which may confer a competitive advantage to them over natives, thus facilitating their invasion success in some heterogeneous habitats such as forest edges where light and soil nutrients show a high negative correlation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo X, Hu Y, Ma JY, Wang H, Wang KL, Wang T, Jiang SY, Jiao JB, Sun YK, Jiang XL, Li MY. Nitrogen Deposition Effects on Invasive and Native Plant Competition: Implications for Future Invasions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115029. [PMID: 37216867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has increased dramatically in recent decades, which is significantly affecting the invasion and growth of exotic plants. Whether N deposition leads to invasive alien species becoming competitively superior to native species remains to be investigated. In the present study, an invasive species (Oenothera biennis L.) and three co-occurring native species (Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant., Inula japonica Thunb., and Chenopodium album L.) were grown in a monoculture (two seedlings of the same species) or mixed culture (one seedling of O. biennis and one seedling of a native species) under three levels of N deposition (0, 6, and 12 g∙m-2∙year-1). Nitrogen deposition had no effect on soil N and P content. Nitrogen deposition enhanced the crown area, total biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, and leaf N to phosphorus ratio in both invasive and native plants. Oenothera biennis dominated competition with C. album and I. japonica due to its high resource acquisition and absorption capacity (greater height, canopy, leaf chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b ratio, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf N content, leaf mass fraction, and lower root-to-shoot ratio). However, the native species A. argyi exhibited competitive ability similar to O. biennis. Thus, invasive species are not always superior competitors of native species; this depends on the identities of the native species. High N deposition enhanced the competitive dominance of O. biennis over I. japonica by 15.45% but did not alter the competitive dominance of O. biennis over C. album. Furthermore, N deposition did not affect the dominance of O. biennis or A. argyi. Therefore, the species composition of the native community must be considered when preparing to resist future biological invasions. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the invasion mechanisms of alien species under N-loading conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, PR China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, PR. China
| | - Yi Hu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jin-Ye Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Kui-Ling Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Si-Yu Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ji-Bo Jiao
- Shandong Territorial Spatial Planning Institute, No. 5948 Erhuandong Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ying-Kun Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ming-Yan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo X, Ma JY, Liu LL, Li MY, Wang H, Sun YK, Wang T, Wang KL, Meyerson LA. Effects of salt stress on interspecific competition between an invasive alien plant Oenothera biennis and three native species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144511. [PMID: 37025129 PMCID: PMC10070839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions and soil salinization have become increasingly severe environmental problems under global change due to sea-level rise and poor soil management. Invasive species can often outcompete native species, but few studies focus on whether invasive alien species are always superior competitors under increasing stressors. We grew an invasive grass species, Oenothera biennis L., and three native grass species (Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant., Chenopodium album L., and Inula japonica Thunb.) as a monoculture (two seedlings of each species) or mixture (one seedling of O. biennis and one native species seedling) under three levels of salt treatments (0, 1, and 2 g/kg NaCl) in a greenhouse. We found that invasive O. biennis exhibited greater performance over native C. album and I. japonica, but lower performance compared to A. argyi, regardless of the soil salinity. However, salinity did not significantly affect the relative dominance of O. biennis. Interspecific competition enhanced the growth of O. biennis and inhibited the growth of I. japonica. Although O. biennis seedlings always had growth dominance over C. album seedlings, C. album was not affected by O. biennis at any salt level. At high salt levels, O. biennis inhibited the growth of A. argyi, while A. argyi did not affect the growth of O. biennis. Salt alleviated the competitive effect of O. biennis on I. japonica but did not mitigate the competition between O. biennis and the other two native species. Therefore, our study provides evidence for a better understanding of the invasive mechanisms of alien species under various salinity conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Ye Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Le-Le Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming-Yan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying-Kun Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kui-Ling Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Science, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun JK, Liu MC, Tang KQ, Tang EX, Cong JM, Lu XR, Liu ZX, Feng YL. Advantages of growth and competitive ability of the invasive plant Solanum rostratum over two co-occurring natives and the effects of nitrogen levels and forms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1169317. [PMID: 37143880 PMCID: PMC10151799 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1169317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has often been considered as a driver of exotic plant invasions. However, most related studies focused on the effects of soil N levels, and few on those of N forms, and few related studies were conducted in the fields. Methods In this study, we grew Solanum rostratum, a notorious invader in arid/semi-arid and barren habitats, and two coexisting native plants Leymus chinensis and Agropyron cristatum in mono- and mixed cultures in the fields in Baicheng, northeast China, and investigated the effects of N levels and forms on the invasiveness of S. rostratum. Results Compared with the two native plants, S. rostratum had higher aboveground and total biomass in both mono- and mixed monocultures under all N treatments, and higher competitive ability under almost all N treatments. N addition enhanced the growth and competitive advantage of the invader under most conditions, and facilitated invasion success of S. rostratum. The growth and competitive ability of the invader were higher under low nitrate relative to low ammonium treatment. The advantages of the invader were associated with its higher total leaf area and lower root to shoot ratio compared with the two native plants. The invader also had a higher light-saturated photosynthetic rate than the two native plants in mixed culture (not significant under high nitrate condition), but not in monoculture. Discussion Our results indicated that N (especially nitrate) deposition may also promote invasion of exotic plants in arid/semi-arid and barren habitats, and the effects of N forms and interspecific competition need to be taken into consideration when studying the effects of N deposition on invasion of exotic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kun Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming-Chao Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai-Qi Tang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - En-Xiong Tang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Min Cong
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Taizhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu-Rong Lu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Xiang Liu, ; Yu-Long Feng,
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Xiang Liu, ; Yu-Long Feng,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Li W, Sui X, Li A, Li K, Gong Y. An exotic plant successfully invaded as a passenger driven by light availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1047670. [PMID: 36570959 PMCID: PMC9767969 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1047670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Invasive exotic plant species (IEPs) are widely distributed across the globe, but whether IEPs are drivers or passengers of habitat change in the invaded spaces remains unclear. Here, we carried out a vegetation and soil survey in 2018 and two independent field experiments (Pedicularis kansuensis removal in 2014 and 2015, and fertilization experiment since 2012) and found that the invasive annual P. kansuensis was at a disadvantage in light competition compared with perennial native grasses, but the successful invasion of P. kansuensis was due to the sufficient light resources provided by the reduced coverage of the native species. Conversely, nitrogen enrichment can effectively inhibit P. kansuensis invasion by increasing the photocompetitive advantage of the native species. sP. kansuensis invasion did not reduce species richness, but did increase plant community coverage, productivity and soil nutrients. Furthermore, the removal of P. kansuensis had little effect on the plant community structure and soil properties. Our results suggest that the passenger model perfectly explains the benign invasive mechanism of P. kansuensis. The invasion "ticket" of P. kansuensis is a spare ecological niche for light resources released by overgrazing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Bayinbuluk Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaolin Sui
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Airong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kaihui Li
- Bayinbuluk Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanming Gong
- Bayinbuluk Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chiquillo KL, Barber PH, Vasquez MI, Cruz‐Rivera E, Willette DA, Winters G, Fong P. An invasive seagrass drives its own success in two invaded seas by both negatively affecting native seagrasses and benefiting from those costs. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelcie L. Chiquillo
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Paul H. Barber
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Marlen I. Vasquez
- Dept of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus Univ. of Technology Limassol Cyprus
| | - Edwin Cruz‐Rivera
- Dept of Biology and Bioenvironmental Science Program, Morgan State Univ. Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Gidon Winters
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada National Park Masada Israel
- Eilat Campus, Ben‐Gurion Univ. of the Negev Eilat Israel
| | - Peggy Fong
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang B, Cui M, Du Y, Ren G, Li J, Wang C, Li G, Dai Z, Rutherford S, Wan JSH, Du D. Influence of multiple global change drivers on plant invasion: Additive effects are uncommon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020621. [PMID: 36452088 PMCID: PMC9702074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants threaten biodiversity and cause huge economic losses. It is thought that global change factors (GCFs) associated with climate change (including shifts in temperature, precipitation, nitrogen, and atmospheric CO2) will amplify their impacts. However, only few studies assessed mixed factors on plant invasion. We collated the literature on plant responses to GCFs to explore independent, combined, and interactive effects on performance and competitiveness of native and invasive plants. From 176 plant species, our results showed that: (1) when native and invasive plants are affected by both independent and multiple GCFs, there is an overall positive effect on plant performance, but a negative effect on plant competitiveness; (2) under increased precipitation or in combination with temperature, most invasive plants gain advantages over natives; and (3) interactions between GCFs on plant performance and competitiveness were mostly synergistic or antagonistic. Our results indicate that native and invasive plants may be affected by independent or combined GCFs, and invasive plants likely gain advantages over native plants. The interactive effects of factors on plants were non-additive, but the advantages of invasive plants may not increase indefinitely. Our findings show that inferring the impacts of climate change on plant invasion from factors individually could be misleading. More mixed factor studies are needed to predict plant invasions under global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - MiaoMiao Cui
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - YiZhou Du
- School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - GuangQian Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - CongYan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - GuanLin Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - ZhiCong Dai
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Susan Rutherford
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Justin S. H. Wan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - DaoLin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yin D, Meiners SJ, Ni M, Ye Q, He F, Cadotte MW. Positive interactions of native species melt invasional meltdown over
long‐term
plant succession. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2584-2596. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- South China National Botanical Garden Guangzhou China
| | - Scott J. Meiners
- Department of Biological Sciences Eastern Illinois University Charleston Illinois USA
| | - Ming Ni
- Département de Biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- South China National Botanical Garden Guangzhou China
| | - Fangliang He
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- ECNU‐Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto Ontario Canada
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Z, Liu Y, Hardrath A, Jin H, van Kleunen M. Increases in multiple resources promote competitive ability of naturalized non-native plants. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1150. [PMID: 36310319 PMCID: PMC9618556 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion by non-native plants is frequently attributed to increased resource availability. Still, our understanding is mainly based on effects of single resources and on plants grown without competition despite the fact that plants rely on multiple resources and usually grow in competition. How multiple resources affects competition between native and non-native plants remains largely unexplored. Here, with two similar common garden experiments, one in China and one in Germany, we tested whether nutrient and light availabilities affected the competitive outcomes, in terms of biomass production, between native and naturalized non-native plants. We found that under low resource availability or with addition of only one type of resource non-natives were not more competitive than natives. However, with a joint increase of nutrients and light intensity, non-natives were more competitive than natives. Our finding indicates that addition of multiple resources could greatly reduce the niche dimensionality (i.e. number of limiting factors), favoring dominance of non-native species. It also indicates that habitats experiencing multiple global changes might be more vulnerable to plant invasion. Comparing how light and nutrient availability affect biomass production in garden experiments in China and Germany shows that with a joint increase of nutrients and light intensity, non-native plants outcompete natives.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu S, Jin C, Huang L, Huang J, Luo M, Qian S, Jim CY, Song K, Chen S, Lin D, Zhao L, Yang Y. Characterizing composition profile and diversity patterns of spontaneous urban plants across China's major cities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115445. [PMID: 35751255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous urban plants (SUPs) constitute an important component of urban vegetation, but they have received less attention in urban biodiversity and ecological research, especially at the regional scale. We comprehensively reviewed the occurrence records of SUPs in 59 major cities across China's geographical regions. We systematically analyzed floristic composition profiles and diversity patterns of SUPs at the regional scale and explored their influencing factors. The study identified 1211 SUP species through an extensive search of existing field research studies and fieldwork. The species composition pattern of SUPs, displaying a spatial association with climatic zones, was mainly affected by climatic factors and also anthropogenic factors. At different geographic scales, the life-form characteristics revealed some patterns, with more diverse perennials at the regional scale. The abundance of SUPs and the high proportion of native species suggested that limited urban habitats can still contribute to the enrichment and accumulation of urban biodiversity. However, in the context of globalization, continual species exchanges between neighboring regions at different scales may significantly exacerbate urban-biota homogenization. In conclusion, our study provided a regional-scale case of a synoptic SUP profile. The results furnished a scientific basis for understanding the general patterns of SUPs. The findings could inform sustainable solutions for urban ecological planning and management of spontaneous nature in cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Cheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Junlong Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Min Luo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Shenhua Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - C Y Jim
- Department of Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Kun Song
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Shengbin Chen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Dunmei Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Building and Built Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Differential effects of transgenerational plasticity on morphological and photosynthetic properties between an invasive plant and its congeneric native one. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
20
|
Boyd JN, Anderson JT, Brzyski J, Baskauf C, Cruse-Sanders J. Eco-evolutionary causes and consequences of rarity in plants: a meta-analysis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1272-1286. [PMID: 35460282 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Species differ dramatically in their prevalence in the natural world, with many species characterized as rare due to restricted geographic distribution, low local abundance and/or habitat specialization. We investigated the ecoevolutionary causes and consequences of rarity with phylogenetically controlled metaanalyses of population genetic diversity, fitness and functional traits in rare and common congeneric plant species. Our syntheses included 252 rare species and 267 common congeners reported in 153 peer-reviewed articles published from 1978 to 2020 and one manuscript in press. Rare species have reduced population genetic diversity, depressed fitness and smaller reproductive structures than common congeners. Rare species also could suffer from inbreeding depression and reduced fertilization efficiency. By limiting their capacity to adapt and migrate, these characteristics could influence contemporary patterns of rarity and increase the susceptibility of rare species to rapid environmental change. We recommend that future studies present more nuanced data on the extent of rarity in focal species, expose rare and common species to ecologically relevant treatments, including reciprocal transplants, and conduct quantitative genetic and population genomic analyses across a greater array of systems. This research could elucidate the processes that contribute to rarity and generate robust predictions of extinction risks under global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nagel Boyd
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Avenue, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA
| | - Jill T Anderson
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, 120 Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jessica Brzyski
- Department of Biology, Seton Hill University, 1 Seton Hill Drive, Greensburg, PA, 15601, USA
| | - Carol Baskauf
- Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, PO Box 4718, Clarksville, TN, 37044, USA
| | - Jennifer Cruse-Sanders
- State Botanical Garden of Georgia, University of Georgia, 2450 S. Milledge Avenue, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Speißer B, Knop E, van Kleunen M. The Matthew effect: Common species become more common and rare ones become more rare in response to artificial light at night. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3674-3682. [PMID: 35152520 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been and still is rapidly spreading and has become an important component of global change. Although numerous studies have tested its potential biological and ecological impacts on animals, very few studies have tested whether it affects alien and native plants differently. Furthermore, common plant species, and particularly common alien species, are often found to benefit more from additional resources than rare native and rare alien species. Whether this is also the case with regard to increasing light due to ALAN is still unknown. Here, we tested how ALAN affected the performance of common and rare alien and native plant species in Germany directly, and indirectly via flying insects. We grew five common alien, six rare alien, five common native, and four rare native plant species under four combinations of two ALAN (no ALAN vs. ALAN) and two insect-exclusion (no exclusion vs. exclusion) treatments, and compared their biomass production. We found that common plant species, irrespective of their origin, produced significantly more biomass than rare species and that this was particularly true under ALAN. Furthermore, alien species tended to show a slightly stronger positive response to ALAN than native species did (p = .079). Our study shows that common plant species benefited more from ALAN than rare ones. This might lead to competitive exclusion of rare species, which could have cascading impacts on other trophic levels and thus have important community-wide consequences when ALAN becomes more widespread. In addition, the slightly more positive response of alien species indicates that ALAN might increase the risk of alien plant invasions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Speißer
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Eva Knop
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Du Y, Zhou Q, Peng Z, Peng F, Xi L, Li Y. Does a Widespread Species Have a Higher Competitive Ability Than an Endemic Species? A Case Study From the Dongting Lake Wetlands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:864316. [PMID: 35685024 PMCID: PMC9171367 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The distribution range of plants is usually related to their competitiveness. The competitive ability between common widespread, which are generally considered to be invasive, and common endemic species, is still not very clear. Five plant communities were monitored in the field to compare the competitive abilities of widespread species, Phragmites australis, and endemic species, Triarrhena lutarioriparia, in the Dongting Lake wetlands. The ratios of individual numbers of T. lutarioriparia to P. australis per square meter were found to be 9:0, 14:1, 10:5, 7:6, and 0:11 in the five respective communities. A manipulation experiment was then performed with five planting modes (T. lutarioriparia: P. australis was 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3, and 0:4, respectively). Results from field monitoring showed that the two plant species exhibited similar decreased survival percentages during flooding. P. australis had higher aboveground biomass before the flooding and a higher relative elongation rate, whereas T. lutarioriparia had higher aboveground biomass after flooding and a higher relative growth rate (RGR). P. australis had a higher competitive ability than T. lutarioriparia before and after the flooding. The manipulation experiment revealed that P. australis had a higher survival percentage than T. lutarioriparia, with no differences in plant biomass, RGR, and the relative elongation rate between the two species. P. australis was found to have a higher competitive ability than T. lutarioriparia in the early growing stage and a lower competitive ability in the middle and later stages. The relative yield total in the field monitoring and manipulation experiment was 1, indicating that T. lutarioriparia and P. australis occupied different niches in the experimental conditions. It was concluded that, compared with T. lutarioriparia, P. australis has a higher competitive ability in submerged habitats and a lower competitive ability in the non-submerged habitat. The niche differences between the two species enabled their coexistence in the Dongting Lake wetlands with seasonal flooding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zenghui Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangcheng Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianlian Xi
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen D, van Kleunen M. Competitive effects of plant invaders on and their responses to native species assemblages change over time. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.73.80410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Alien plant invaders are often considered to be more competitive than natives, and species-rich plant communities are often considered to be more resistant to invaders than species-poor communities. However, the competitive interactions between invaders and assemblages of different species richness are unlikely to be static over time (e.g. during a growth season). To test this, we grew five alien and five native species as invaders in a total of 21 artificial assemblages of one, two or four native competitor species. To test for temporal changes in the reciprocal effects of invaders and the competitor assemblages on each other, and how these depend on the species richness of the assemblages, we harvested plants at three growth stages (weeks 4, 8 and 12). We found that the invaders and competitor assemblages had negative effects on each other. Aboveground biomass of invaders was reduced by the presence of a competitor assemblage, irrespective of its species richness, and this difference gradually increased over time. Alien invaders accumulated more aboveground biomass than the native invaders, but only after 12 weeks of growth. Meanwhile, the invaders also negatively affected the biomass of the competitor assemblages. For multi-species assemblages, the increase in the negative effect of the presence of the invader occurred mainly between weeks 4 and 8, whereas it happened mainly between weeks 8 and 12 for the one-species assemblages. Our results suggest that although alien invaders are more competitive than native invaders, the competitive effects of the invaders on and their responses to native competitor assemblages changed over time, irrespective of the origin of the invaders.
Collapse
|
24
|
Reeve S, Deane DC, McGrannachan C, Horner G, Hui C, McGeoch M. Rare, common, alien and native species follow different rules in an understory plant community. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8734. [PMID: 35356560 PMCID: PMC8938312 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Reeve
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - David C. Deane
- School of Life Sciences Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environment La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | | | - Gillis Horner
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences University of Melbourne Richmond Victoria Australia
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Mathematical Sciences Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
- Biodiversity Informatics Unit African Institute for Mathematical Sciences Cape Town South Africa
- International Initiative for Theoretical Ecology London UK
| | - Melodie McGeoch
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- School of Life Sciences Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environment La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu MC, Dong TF, Feng WW, Qu B, Kong DL, van Kleunen M, Feng YL. Leaf trait differences between 97 pairs of invasive and native plants across China: effects of identities of both the invasive and native species. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.71.71385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have attempted to test whether certain leaf traits are associated with invasive plants, resulting in discrepant conclusions that may be due to species-specificity. However, no effort has been made to test for effects of species identity on invasive-native comparisons. Here, we compared 20 leaf traits between 97 pairs of invasive and native plant species in seven disturbed sites along a southwest-to-northeast transect in China using phylogenetically controlled within-study meta-analyses. The invasive relative to the native species on average had significantly higher leaf nutrients concentrations, photosynthetic rates, photosynthetic nutrients- and energy-use efficiencies, leaf litter decomposition rates, and lower payback time and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios. However, these differences disappeared when comparing weakly invasive species with co-occurring natives and when comparing invasives with co-occurring widespread dominant natives. Furthermore, the magnitudes of the differences in some traits decreased or even reversed when a random subset of strongly to moderately invasive species was excluded from the species pool. Removing rare to common natives produced the same effect, while exclusion of weakly to moderately invasives and dominant to common natives enhanced the differences. Our study indicates that the results of invasive-native comparisons are species-specific, providing a possible explanation for discrepant results in previous studies, such that we may be unable to detect general patterns regarding traits promoting exotic plant invasions through multi-species comparisons.
Collapse
|
26
|
Diversity of resident plant communities could weaken their allelopathic resistance against alien and native invaders. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractElton’s classic diversity-invasibility hypothesis posits that diversity of resident communities increases resistance against invaders. We tested whether the diversity-invasibility relationsip might be mediated by allelopathic effects of the resident species. In a large germination experiment, we exposed seeds of six alien and six native test species to leachates of one, three, six or twelve species. The leachates tended to slightly delay germination, and almost all single-species leachates reduced the proportion of germinated seeds. Nevertheless, the overall effect of the plant leachate mixtures on the proportion of germinated seeds was not significant. This was because a higher diversity of the leachates increased the proportion of germinated seeds, particularly for native test species. Among the six alien test species, it was only the most invasive one that benefited from increased diversity of the leachates, just like the natives did. Overall, our findings suggest that allelopathy of diverse communities does not provide resistance but could actually facilitate the germination of invaders.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ferenc V, Merkert C, Zilles F, Sheppard CS. Native and alien species suffer from late arrival, while negative effects of multiple alien species on natives vary. Oecologia 2021; 197:271-281. [PMID: 34410489 PMCID: PMC8445876 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing globalisation and climate change are causing plant species to invade new habitats and thereby alter biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Since numbers of plant invasions continue to increase globally, it is crucial to investigate the effects of multiple co-occurring alien species on native communities. Furthermore, priority effects due to the earlier emergence of certain species affecting fitness of later arriving species can shape community structure and affect native species performance. We investigate in a common garden pot experiment the interactions among five alien-native species pairs. First we focus on the effect of growing with either one or two alien neighbour species on a native plant, second we alter the arrival time of the alien or native neighbour by 3 weeks. Generally, native species performance decreased when surrounded by two alien species compared to only one, although the magnitude of this effect varied depending on species, with one species even performing better with alien neighbours than in monoculture. Species performance greatly decreased when arriving second in the pot, for both native and alien species. In contrast, alien species tended to benefit more from arriving early. Given that we studied annual ruderal species, their potentially lower competitive ability might explain why we detected negative effects of late arrival. We highlight the need to further elucidate underlying mechanisms of small-scale invasion dynamics to achieve generalisations concerning the response of multiple alien and native plants given their species-specific differences in response to neighbour species and arrival time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Ferenc
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christian Merkert
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frederik Zilles
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christine S Sheppard
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang X, Cheng J, Yao B, Lu H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Song X, Sowndhararajan K, Qiang S. Polyploidy‐promoted phenolic metabolism confers the increased competitive ability of
Solidago canadensis. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Yang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Jiliang Cheng
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Beibei Yao
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Huan Lu
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | | | - Sheng Qiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sheppard CS, Brendel MR. Competitive ability of native and alien plants: effects of residence time and invasion status. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.65.63179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Competition is commonly thought to underlie the impact of plant invasions. However, competitive effects of aliens and competitive response of natives may also change over time. Indeed, as with time, the novelty of an invader decreases, the accumulated eco-evolutionary experience of resident species may eventually limit invasion success. We aimed to gain insights on whether directional changes in biotic interactions over time or more general differences between natives and aliens, for instance, resulting from an introduction bias, are relevant in determining competitive ability. We conducted a pairwise competition experiment in a target-neighbour design, using 47 Asteraceae species with residence times between 8 years-12,000 years in Germany. We first tested whether there are differences in performance in intraspecific competition amongst invasion status groups, that is casual and established neophytes, archaeophytes or native species. We then evaluated whether competitive response and effects depend on residence time or invasion status. Lastly, we assessed whether competitive effects influence range sizes. We found only limited evidence that native target species tolerate neighbours with longer potential co-existence times better, whereas differences in competitive ability were mostly better explained by invasion status than residence time. Although casual neophytes produced most biomass in intraspecific competition, they had the weakest per-capita competitive effects on natives. Notably, we did not find differences between established neophytes and natives, both of which ranked highest in interspecific competitive ability. This lack of differences might be explained by a biased selection of highly invasive or rare native species in previous studies or because invasion success may result from mechanisms other than interspecific competitive superiority. Accordingly, interspecific per-capita competitive effects did not influence range sizes. Further studies across a broader range of environmental conditions, involving other biotic interactions that indirectly influence plant-plant interactions, may clarify when eco-evolutionary adaptations to new invaders are a relevant mechanism.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yuan L, Li JM, Yu FH, Oduor AMO, van Kleunen M. Allelopathic and competitive interactions between native and alien plants. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02565-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe novel-weapons and homeland-security hypotheses are based on the idea that aliens and natives are not adapted to each other’s allelochemicals as they did not co-evolve. However, as only a few studies have tested this, it remains unclear how important co-evolutionary history is in determining the strength of allelopathic interactions between aliens and natives. Here, we tested for potential pairwise allelopathic effects on each other of five alien and five native herbaceous species in China. We did a germination experiment and a competition experiment. In the germination experiment, we tested whether aqueous extracts of the ten study species had allelopathic effects on each other’s seed germination. In the competition experiment, we tested whether the alien and native species differed in their competitive effects and responses, and whether these were changed by the presence of activated carbon—a presumed allelopathy neutralizer– in the soil. Plant extracts had negative allelopathic effects on seed germination. This was particularly the case for extracts from the native species. Moreover, aqueous extracts had slightly stronger negative effects on germination of the aliens than on germination of the natives. In the competition experiment, on the other hand, the natives suffered more from competition than the alien species did, but we could not relate this to allelopathy. Alien plants had negative competitive and allelopathic effects on native plants, but the reverse was also true. These alien-native interactions, however, were not consistently stronger or weaker than native-native or alien-alien interactions.
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Y, Oduor AMO, Dai Z, Gao F, Li J, Zhang X, Yu F. Suppression of a plant hormone gibberellin reduces growth of invasive plants more than native plants. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Inst. of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Ayub M. O. Oduor
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou PR China
| | - Zhi‐Cong Dai
- Dept of Applied Biology, Technical Univ. of Kenya Nairobi Kenya
- Inst. of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Univ. Zhenjiang PR China
| | - Fang‐Lei Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou PR China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou Univ. Binzhou PR China
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Inst. of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Fei‐Hai Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou PR China
- Inst. of Wetland Ecology and Clone Ecology, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou PR China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Höckendorff S, Peintinger M, Fiedler F, Stift M, van Kleunen M. Declines in occurrence of plants characteristic for a nutrient-poor meadow habitat are partly explained by their responses to nutrient addition and competition. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4058-4070. [PMID: 33976794 PMCID: PMC8093689 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species losses and local extinctions are alarmingly common, frequently as a consequence of habitat destruction. Nevertheless, many intact habitats also face species losses, most likely due to environmental changes. However, the exact drivers, and why they affect some species more than others in apparently intact habitats, are still poorly understood. Addressing these questions requires data on changes in occurrence frequency of many species, and comparisons of the responses of those species to experimental manipulations of the environment. Here, we use historic (1911) and contemporary (2017) data on the presence-absence of 42 plant species in 14 seemingly intact Molinia meadows around Lower Lake Constance to quantify changes in occurrence frequency. Then, we performed a common-garden experiment to test whether occurrence frequencies in 1911 and changes therein by 2017 could be explained by responses of the 42 species to nutrient addition and competition with the acquisitive generalist grass Poa pratensis. Within the 14 still intact Molinia meadows, 36 of the 42 species had declined since 1911. As expected, nutrient addition generally led to increased biomass production of the 42 target species, and competition with P. pratensis had a negative effect. The latter was stronger at high nutrient availability. The more frequent species were in 1911 and the more they declined in frequency between 1911 and 2017, the less above-ground biomass they produced in our experiment. Competition with P. pratensis magnified this effect. Our work highlights that environmental change can contribute to local extinction of species in otherwise intact habitat remnants. Specifically, we showed that increased nutrient availability negatively affected formerly widespread Molinia-meadow species in competition with P. pratensis. Our study thus identified a likely mechanism for the decline in occurrence frequency of species in the remaining Molinia meadows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Peintinger
- Arbeitsgruppe Bodenseeufer (AGBU)RadolfzellGermany
- WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Marc Stift
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Thakur MP, van der Putten WH, Wilschut RA, Veen GFC, Kardol P, van Ruijven J, Allan E, Roscher C, van Kleunen M, Bezemer TM. Plant-Soil Feedbacks and Temporal Dynamics of Plant Diversity-Productivity Relationships. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:651-661. [PMID: 33888322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) and diversity-productivity relationships are important research fields to study drivers and consequences of changes in plant biodiversity. While studies suggest that positive plant diversity-productivity relationships can be explained by variation in PSF in diverse plant communities, key questions on their temporal relationships remain. Here, we discuss three processes that change PSF over time in diverse plant communities, and their effects on temporal dynamics of diversity-productivity relationships: spatial redistribution and changes in dominance of plant species; phenotypic shifts in plant traits; and dilution of soil pathogens and increase in soil mutualists. Disentangling these processes in plant diversity experiments will yield new insights into how plant diversity-productivity relationships change over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhav P Thakur
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO- KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger A Wilschut
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO- KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Roscher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Physiological Diversity - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO- KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Phenotypic plasticity of invasive Carpobrotus edulis modulates tolerance against herbivores. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
35
|
Albano PG, Steger J, Bošnjak M, Dunne B, Guifarro Z, Turapova E, Hua Q, Kaufman DS, Rilov G, Zuschin M. Native biodiversity collapse in the eastern Mediterranean. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202469. [PMID: 33402072 PMCID: PMC7892420 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming causes the poleward shift of the trailing edges of marine ectotherm species distributions. In the semi-enclosed Mediterranean Sea, continental masses and oceanographic barriers do not allow natural connectivity with thermophilic species pools: as trailing edges retreat, a net diversity loss occurs. We quantify this loss on the Israeli shelf, among the warmest areas in the Mediterranean, by comparing current native molluscan richness with the historical one obtained from surficial death assemblages. We recorded only 12% and 5% of historically present native species on shallow subtidal soft and hard substrates, respectively. This is the largest climate-driven regional-scale diversity loss in the oceans documented to date. By contrast, assemblages in the intertidal, more tolerant to climatic extremes, and in the cooler mesophotic zone show approximately 50% of the historical native richness. Importantly, approximately 60% of the recorded shallow subtidal native species do not reach reproductive size, making the shallow shelf a demographic sink. We predict that, as climate warms, this native biodiversity collapse will intensify and expand geographically, counteracted only by Indo-Pacific species entering from the Suez Canal. These assemblages, shaped by climate warming and biological invasions, give rise to a 'novel ecosystem' whose restoration to historical baselines is not achievable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo G. Albano
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Steger
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marija Bošnjak
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Beata Dunne
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zara Guifarro
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elina Turapova
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Quan Hua
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Darrell S. Kaufman
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa 3108001, Israel
| | - Martin Zuschin
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fei M, Kong X. Prey preference of top predators manipulates the functioning and stability of multi-trophic ecosystems. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2021.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Zhang Z, Liu Y, Brunel C, van Kleunen M. Evidence for Elton's diversity-invasibility hypothesis from belowground. Ecology 2020; 101:e03187. [PMID: 32893873 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sixty year ago, Charles Elton posed that species-rich communities should be more resistant to biological invasion. Still, little is known about which processes could drive the diversity-invasibility relationship. Here we examined whether soil-microbe-mediated apparent competition on alien invaders is more negative when the soil originates from multiple native species. We trained soils with five individually grown native species and used amplicon sequencing to analyze the resulting bacterial and fungal soil communities. We mixed the soils to create trained soils from one, two or four native species. We then grew four alien species separately on these differently trained soils. In the soil-conditioning phase, the five native species built species-specific bacterial and fungal communities in their rhizospheres. In the test phase, it did not matter for biomass of alien plants whether the soil had been trained by one or two native species. However, the alien species achieved 11.7% (95% CI: 3.7-20.1%) less aboveground biomass when grown on soils trained by four native species than on soils trained by two native species. Our results revealed soil-microbes-mediated apparent competition as a mechanism underlying the negative relationship between diversity and invasibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Caroline Brunel
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.,IRD, IPME, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang Z, Liu Y, Brunel C, van Kleunen M. Soil-microorganism-mediated invasional meltdown in plants. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1612-1621. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
39
|
Zhang X, Yu H, Yu H, Liu C, Fan S, Yu D. Highly competitive native aquatic species could suppress the growth of invasive aquatic species with similar traits. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Bai J, Guan Y, Liu P, Zhang L, Cui B, Li X, Liu X. Assessing the safe operating space of aquatic macrophyte biomass to control the terrestrialization of a grass-type shallow lake in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 266:110479. [PMID: 32310127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As an important type of aquatic ecosystem, lake ecosystems play an irreplaceable role in providing water resources, controlling floods, regulating the regional climate, and maintaining the regional ecological balance. However, multiple lake ecosystems have been threatened by the expansion of aquatic macrophytes and the resulting bioaccumulation, which accelerates the process of lake terrestrialization. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the safe operating space of macrophyte biomass in order to control the terrestrialization of shallow lakes. In this study, we investigated the biomasses of dominant species and community types at different growth stages in different terrestrialized zones for a typical shallow lake in North China. Then, we developed a suitable method for estimating the safe operating space for the aquatic macrophyte biomass in different terrestrialization stages. Our results showed that the aquatic macrophyte biomass generally increased with the increasing terrestrialization stage. In addition, the biomass in September was lower than that in May. On the community scale, the biomass of Phragmites australis, Phragmites australis - Ceratophyllum demersum, and Nelumbo nucifera - Ceratophyllum demersum - Typha orientalis communities was significantly higher than that of Potamogeton pectinatus and Potamogeton pectinatus - Nelumbo nucifera communities. Terrestrialization exhibited lower impacts on plant biomass in May, whereas a greater impact of terrestrialization was observed in September. Generally, single-species communities had higher plant biomass than mixed communities. The target management years for different terrestrialized zones were established to calculate the safe operating space of macrophyte biomass. The current biomass values were much higher than those calculated for the safe operating space, especially in September and for the P. australis and P. australis - C. demersum communities, indicating that there is high pressure to manage these communities. The approach proposed in the study provides a scientific reference for macrophyte management to control the terrestrialization status of grass-type shallow lakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yanan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; College of Chemistry and Material Science, Heibei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050020, China.
| | - Peipei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|