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Munné-Bosch S, Santos JAS. The dramatic effects of well-intentioned but ill-designed management strategies in plant biological invasions. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:1148-1152. [PMID: 39060424 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jessyca Adelle Silva Santos
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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2
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Wang X, Ge W, Zhang M, Fernández-Pascual E, Moles A, Saatkamp A, Rosbakh S, Bu H, Panahi P, Ma M. Large and non-spherical seeds are less likely to form a persistent soil seed bank. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232764. [PMID: 38864324 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
There is some evidence that seed traits can affect the long-term persistence of seeds in the soil. However, findings on this topic have differed between systems. Here, we brought together a worldwide database of seed persistence data for 1474 species to test the generality of seed mass-shape-persistence relationships. We found a significant trend for low seed persistence to be associated with larger and less spherical seeds. However, the relationship varied across different clades, growth forms and species ecological preferences. Specifically, relationships of seed mass-shape-persistence were more pronounced in Poales than in other order clades. Herbaceous species that tend to be found in sites with low soil sand content and precipitation have stronger relationships between seed shape and persistence than in sites with higher soil sand content and precipitation. For the woody plants, the relationship between persistence and seed morphology was stronger in sites with high soil sand content and low precipitation than in sites with low soil sand content and higher precipitation. Improving the ability to predict the soil seed bank formation process, including burial and persistence, could benefit the utilization of seed morphology-persistence relationships in management strategies for vegetation restoration and controlling species invasion across diverse vegetation types and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Ge
- Institute of Soil Eco-environment, School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Pascual
- IMIB Biodiversity Research Institute (University of Oviedo - CSIC - Principality of Asturias), University of Oviedo , Oviedo, E-33600 Mieres, Spain
| | - Angela Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Arne Saatkamp
- Aix Marseille Université, Université d'Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Facultés St Jérôme, case 421 , 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Sergey Rosbakh
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Haiyan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Parisa Panahi
- National Botanical Garden of Iran, Botany Research Division, Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) , Tehran, Iran
| | - Miaojun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China
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3
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Wang AB, Baskin CC, Baskin JM, Ding J. Environmental and seed-position effects on viability and germination of buried seeds of an invasive diaspore-heteromorphic annual grass. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14353. [PMID: 38801018 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Environmental factors, such as temperature and moisture, and plant factors, such as seed position on the mother plant, can affect seed viability and germination. However, little is known about the viability and germination of seeds in different positions on the mother plant after burial in soil under natural environmental conditions. Here, diaspores from three positions on a compound spike and seeds from two/three positions in a diaspore of the invasive diaspore-heteromorphic annual grass Aegilops tauschii were buried at four depths for more than 2 years (1-26 months) under natural conditions and viability and germination monitored monthly. Viability of seeds in each diaspore/seed position decreased as burial depth and duration increased and was associated with changes in soil temperature and moisture. Germination was highest at 2 cm and lowest at 10 cm soil depths, with peaks and valleys in autumn/spring and winter/summer, respectively. Overall, seeds in distal diaspore and distal seed positions had higher germination percentages than those in basal diaspore and basal seed positions, but basal ones lived longer than distal ones. Chemical content of fresh diaspores/seeds was related to diaspore/seed position effects on seed germination and viability during burial. We conclude that seeds in distal diaspores/seed positions have a 'high risk' strategy and those in basal positions a 'low risk' strategy. The two risk strategies may act as a bet-hedging strategy that spreads risks of germination failure in the soil seed bank over time, thereby facilitating the survival and invasiveness of A. tauschii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jerry M Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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4
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Kharel N, Dangol A, Shrestha A, Airi H, Devkota A, Thapa LB, Shrestha BB. Germination patterns and seedling growth of congeneric native and invasive Mimosa species: Implications for risk assessment. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11312. [PMID: 38651163 PMCID: PMC11033625 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparisons of plant traits between native and invasive congeners are useful approaches for identifying characteristics that promote invasiveness. We compared germination patterns and seedling growth of locally sympatric populations of native Mimosa himalayana and two varieties of invasive M. diplotricha (var. diplotricha and var. inermis) growing in southeastern Nepal. Seeds were germinated under a 12-h photoperiod or complete dark, low (25/15°C day/night) and high (30/20°C) temperatures, different water stress levels (0, -0.1, -0.25, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa), and soil depths (0, 2, and 4 cm). Plant height, biomass allocations, and relative growth rate (RGR) of seedlings were measured. Invasive M. diplotricha had higher germination percentage, rate, and shorter germination time compared with the native species. Germination of both congeners declined as water stress increased, but the decline was more pronounced in native species. Seedling emergence declined with increasing depth in all taxa. The seedlings of invasive species were taller with higher leaf number and allocated greater proportion of biomass to shoot, whereas the native congener allocated greater biomass to root. The RGR was nearly twice as high in invasive species as it was in the native congener. Seedling height and number of leaves were always higher in invasive than in native species, and the native-invasive differences increased over time. Better germination and higher growth performance of invasive species than the congeneric native one suggests that seed germination and seedling growth can be useful traits for the prediction of species' invasiveness in their introduced range during risk assessment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kharel
- Central Department of BotanyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu, KirtipurNepal
| | - Anuj Dangol
- Central Department of BotanyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu, KirtipurNepal
| | - Ashmita Shrestha
- Central Department of BotanyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu, KirtipurNepal
| | - Hemanti Airi
- Central Department of BotanyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu, KirtipurNepal
| | - Anjana Devkota
- Central Department of BotanyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu, KirtipurNepal
| | - Lal Bahadur Thapa
- Central Department of BotanyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu, KirtipurNepal
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Chen M, Hussain S, Liu Y, Mustafa G, Hu B, Qin Z, Wang X. Responses of soil seed bank and its above-ground vegetation to various reclamation patterns. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106436. [PMID: 38479293 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Coastal land reclamation has become a primary strategy for alleviating conflicts between human development and land resource utilization. However, anthropogenic activities associated with land reclamation inevitably result in significant changes to coastal wetland ecosystems. Previous studies have mainly focused on the ecological consequences of land reclamation on above-ground vegetation, while overlooking the distinctions between different reclamation patterns and the critical role of soil seed bank in maintaining ecosystem stability. In this study, the responses of soil seed bank and vegetation to various reclamation patterns, as well as the factors influencing changes in seed bank characteristics, were analyzed in a natural coastal wetland (NCW), a reclaimed wetland with sea embankments constructed on native wetland (SEW), and another reclaimed wetland formed through land reclamation from the sea (LRW). These findings suggest that seed banks and their vegetation adopt different adaptation strategies under various reclamation patterns. In the NCW, the proportion of non-halophytes (1.39%), diversity, and density of the seed bank were at their lowest levels, whereas the species compositions derived from the seed bank and vegetation were very similar (similarity coefficient = 0.67). Conversely, the seed bank in the SEW demonstrated the highest species diversity, which differed significantly from the species composition of its above-ground vegetation (similarity coefficient = 0.21). However, the highest proportion of non-halophytes (36.60%), vegetation diversity, and seed bank density occurred in LRW. Furthermore, differences in seed bank characteristics under different reclamation patterns may be related to changes in soil salinity and plant reproductive strategies after reclamation. Adjusting reclamation patterns and restoring soil properties could potentially optimize the types of local plant species and their distribution in reclaimed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Sarfraz Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Bingtao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhirui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Guo K, Pyšek P, van Kleunen M, Kinlock NL, Lučanová M, Leitch IJ, Pierce S, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Lenzner B, Pergl J, Weigelt P, Guo WY. Plant invasion and naturalization are influenced by genome size, ecology and economic use globally. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1330. [PMID: 38351066 PMCID: PMC10864296 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Human factors and plant characteristics are important drivers of plant invasions, which threaten ecosystem integrity, biodiversity and human well-being. However, while previous studies often examined a limited number of factors or focused on a specific invasion stage (e.g., naturalization) for specific regions, a multi-factor and multi-stage analysis at the global scale is lacking. Here, we employ a multi-level framework to investigate the interplay between plant characteristics (genome size, Grime's adaptive CSR-strategies and native range size) and economic use and how these factors collectively affect plant naturalization and invasion success worldwide. While our findings derived from structural equation models highlight the substantial contribution of human assistance in both the naturalization and spread of invasive plants, we also uncovered the pivotal role of species' adaptive strategies among the factors studied, and the significantly varying influence of these factors across invasion stages. We further revealed that the effects of genome size on plant invasions were partially mediated by species adaptive strategies and native range size. Our study provides insights into the complex and dynamic process of plant invasions and identifies its key drivers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Nicole L Kinlock
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Lučanová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Evolutionary Plant Biology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ilia J Leitch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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Salomé-Díaz J, Golubov J, Eguiarte LE, Búrquez A. Difference in Germination Traits between Congeneric Native and Exotic Species May Affect Invasion. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:478. [PMID: 38498464 PMCID: PMC10892991 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Germination traits are components of invasion potential, and comparing seed traits in sympatric native and invasive species can offer insights into the invasion process. We characterized seed germination traits and how they influenced the success of Eragrostis mexicana, a native species, and Eragrostis tenuifolia, an exotic species (Poaceae) in Mexico, in the context of their potential for biological invasion. Seeds from both species were collected from four sites in a natural protected area in Mexico City, and the germination of seeds of different ages was conducted in experiments at different temperatures. E. tenuifolia exhibited higher germination percentages than the native E. mexicana across all treatments. Seed age had differential effects, with older seeds of the native E. mexicana germinating better, while E. tenuifolia performed better with younger seeds. Temperature positively impacted germination for both species, although E. mexicana was limited at lower temperatures. Exotic E. tenuifolia can germinate over a wider temperature range with earlier germination rates, and generate a seed bank lasting several years, which may contribute to naturalization. The importance of germination traits in the context of invasive species establishment underscores the potential role of seed banks in facilitating biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Salomé-Díaz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Plant Taxonomy and Systematics Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | - Jordan Golubov
- Plant Taxonomy and Systematics Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Eguiarte
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Búrquez
- Estación Regional Noroeste, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hermosillo 83250, Mexico;
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Hall RM, Urban B, Durec N, Renner-Martin K, Kaul HP, Wagentristl H, Karrer G. Heat Treatment of Seeds to Control Invasive Common Ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia), Narrow-Leaved Ragwort ( Senecio inaequidens) and Giant Hogweed ( Heracleum mantegazzianum). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:341. [PMID: 38337874 PMCID: PMC10856870 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The intended or unintentional transport of soil material contaminated with weed seeds is one of the most important drivers in the spreading dynamics of invasive alien plants (IAPs). This phenomenon can be observed at any kind of construction site. Typical transfer of soil contaminated with IAP seeds can be observed along with road construction (soil translocation) or road maintenance services (deposit of mown plant biomass). Thus, an effective inactivation of these seeds by heating can avoid the spread of IAPs substantially. In the present study, the effects of various thermal control techniques (dry air heating and wet heating with hot steam, hot water, and hot foam) on seed survival of the widespread European IAPs common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), narrow-leaved ragwort (Senecio inaequidens), and giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) are discussed. Dry and wet seeds which were either uncovered or covered with soil were tested for survival at different treatment temperatures and different exposure times. Results revealed that particularly dry seeds of all three species could withstand temperatures of 100 °C for at least 6 h in climate chambers. Dry seeds of common ragweed and narrow-leaved ragwort survived exposure times of up to 48 h. Wet seeds were significantly more susceptible to heat treatments. Giant hogweed seeds were completely killed after 12 h at 70 °C. The exposure of IAP seeds to hot water was generally more effective than the treatment with hot steam. The treatment with hot foam was only effective when seeds were lying unprotected on the soil surface. Dry seeds of all the three species survived hot foam application in the field when they were covered by vegetation and leaf litter or soil. Due to the robustness of the seeds, a preventive management of IAPs by an efficient control before seeds formation is substantial to avoid their further dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea Maria Hall
- Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria (H.-P.K.)
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Bernhard Urban
- Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria (H.-P.K.)
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Nora Durec
- Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria (H.-P.K.)
| | - Katharina Renner-Martin
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Kaul
- Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria (H.-P.K.)
| | - Helmut Wagentristl
- Experimental Farm, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 2301 Groß-Enzersdorf, Austria;
| | - Gerhard Karrer
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria;
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Jia P, Qu G, Jia J, Li D, Sun Y, Liu L. Long-term Spartina alterniflora invasion simplified soil seed bank and regenerated community in a coastal marsh wetland. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2754. [PMID: 36177771 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The coastal wetland is easily invaded by alien species due to locating in the land and sea transitional area. As a potential driving regeneration force, the soil seed bank is vital to the community restoration and species diversity protection. To reveal the long-term Spartina alterniflora invasion impact on the soil seed banks and regenerated communities, we investigated the seed banks under the different vegetation types (S. alterniflora, Phragmites australis, Scirpus mariqueter, ruderal and unvegetated site) and soil depths (0-5 and 5-10 cm) in the coastal salt marsh wetland, Chongming island, eastern China. The results showed that the soil seed bank richness and species density under different vegetation types were higher than the aboveground vegetation, and those of 0-5 cm seed banks were higher than 5-10 cm, except for the unvegetated site. The species richness and S. alterniflora seed proportion in the seed banks under S. alterniflora communities (S.AS) were lower and larger respectively than those of other sites. The species composition between S.AS and the aboveground communities showed high similarity with aggregation phylogenetic structures in two soil depths. The seed bank variations at 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths were interpreted 3.03% and 2.25% by the aboveground communities, while 4.92% and 5.55% were interpreted by the soil microbial biomass. The SEM model explained 98.1% and 91.8% of the seed banks richness at the 0-5 cm depth and 5-10 cm depth, respectively, and explained 98.8% and 46.1% of the seed banks species density at the 0-5 cm depth and 5-10 cm depth, respectively. The aboveground vegetation biomass and abundance directly affected the 0-5 cm seed banks richness and species density, while its height and biomass only affected the 5-10 cm seed banks species density. The 0-10 cm soil depth microbial biomass indirectly affected the 0-5 cm seed banks richness and species density, while affected the 5-10 cm seed banks richness. Soil physical and chemical properties only indirectly affected the 0-5 cm seed banks species density. The results provided a reference for the ecological evaluation of the impacts of S. alterniflora invasion into the coastal salt marsh wetland of eastern China, and guidance for the protection and restoration of the native plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojuan Qu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jia
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Soil seed banks along a woody plant removal gradient in a semi-arid savanna of South Africa: Implications for restoration. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2023.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Adams LD, Giovannoni D, Clark VR, Steenhuisen SL, Martin GD. Reproductive Ecology of the Invasive Alien Shrub Pyracantha angustifolia in the Grassland Biome, South Africa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1308. [PMID: 36986995 PMCID: PMC10058135 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on reproductive traits of problematic invasive alien plants, such as the woody invasive shrub Pyracantha angustifolia of temperate Chinese origin, can help better manage invasive species. To determine factors contributing to its invasion, we investigated floral visitors and pollen loads, self-compatibility, seed set, seed rain, soil seed banks, and seed longevity in the soil. Generalist insects were recorded visiting flowers and all carried pollen loads of high purity (>70%). Floral visitor exclusion experiments showed that P. angustifolia can set seed (66%) without pollen vectors, although natural pollination resulted in higher fruit set (91%). Fruit count surveys and seed set showed an exponentially increased relationship between seed set and plant size with high natural seed yield (±2 million seeds m-2). Soil core samples revealed a high seed density of 46,400 ± (SE) 8934 m-2 under shrubs, decreasing with distance away from the shrub. Bowl traps stationed under trees and fences confirmed that seeds were efficiently dispersed by animals. Buried seeds survived for less than six months in the soil. Due to high seed production, self-compatibility augmented by generalist pollen vectors, and effective seed dispersal by local frugivores, it is difficult to manage the spread manually. Management of this species should focus on the short life span of seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehlohonolo D. Adams
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
- Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
| | - Dino Giovannoni
- Department of Physics, Rhodes University, Makhanda (Grahamstown) 6139, South Africa
| | - Vincent R. Clark
- Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
| | - Sandy-Lynn Steenhuisen
- Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
| | - Grant D. Martin
- Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Entomology and Zoology, Rhodes University, Makhanda (Grahamstown) 6139, South Africa
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Liu Y, Li W, Sui X, Li A, Li K, Gong Y. An exotic plant successfully invaded as a passenger driven by light availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1047670. [PMID: 36570959 PMCID: PMC9767969 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1047670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Invasive exotic plant species (IEPs) are widely distributed across the globe, but whether IEPs are drivers or passengers of habitat change in the invaded spaces remains unclear. Here, we carried out a vegetation and soil survey in 2018 and two independent field experiments (Pedicularis kansuensis removal in 2014 and 2015, and fertilization experiment since 2012) and found that the invasive annual P. kansuensis was at a disadvantage in light competition compared with perennial native grasses, but the successful invasion of P. kansuensis was due to the sufficient light resources provided by the reduced coverage of the native species. Conversely, nitrogen enrichment can effectively inhibit P. kansuensis invasion by increasing the photocompetitive advantage of the native species. sP. kansuensis invasion did not reduce species richness, but did increase plant community coverage, productivity and soil nutrients. Furthermore, the removal of P. kansuensis had little effect on the plant community structure and soil properties. Our results suggest that the passenger model perfectly explains the benign invasive mechanism of P. kansuensis. The invasion "ticket" of P. kansuensis is a spare ecological niche for light resources released by overgrazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Bayinbuluk Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaolin Sui
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Airong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kaihui Li
- Bayinbuluk Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanming Gong
- Bayinbuluk Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi, China
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Humphries T, Florentine S. Assessing Seedbank Longevity and Seed Persistence of the Invasive Tussock Grass Nassella trichotoma Using in-Field Burial and Laboratory-Controlled Ageing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2377. [PMID: 36145778 PMCID: PMC9505095 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to produce highly dense and persistent seedbanks is a major contributor to the successful widespread establishment of invasive plants. This study seeks to identify seed persistence and seedbank longevity for the invasive tussock grass Nassella trichotoma (Nees.) Hack. ex Arechav in order to recommend management strategies for preventing re-emergence from the seedbank. To determine the seedbank longevity and persistence, two experiments were conducted: (i) seeds were buried at four depths (0, 1, 2, and 4 cm) and collected and assessed for viability, seed decay, and in-field germination after 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months of field burial; and (ii) seeds were exposed to artificial ageing conditions (60% RH and 45 °C) for 1, 2, 5, 9, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100, and 120 days, and viability was determined through germination tests and tetrazolium tests. Less than 10% of the seeds collected after 12 months of in-field burial were viable. The artificial ageing treatment found germination declined to 50% after 5.8 days, further suggesting that N. trichotoma seeds are short lived. The results from both experiments indicate that N. trichotoma has a transient seedbank, with less than 10% of the seeds demonstrating short-term persistence. It is likely the persistent seeds beyond 12 months were exhibiting secondary dormancy as viable seeds did not germinate under optimal germination conditions. The "Best Practice Guidelines" recommend monitoring for seedbank recruitment for at least three years after treating N. trichotoma infestations. The results of this study support this recommendation as a small proportion of the seeds demonstrated short-term persistence.
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Šerá B, Žarnovičan H, Hodálová I. Plants along roads in Slovakia: a review of Atriplex tatarica L. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Carta A, Fernández-Pascual E, Gioria M, Müller JV, Rivière S, Rosbakh S, Saatkamp A, Vandelook F, Mattana E. Climate shapes the seed germination niche of temperate flowering plants: a meta-analysis of European seed conservation data. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:775-786. [PMID: 35303062 PMCID: PMC9292614 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Interactions between ecological factors and seed physiological responses during the establishment phase shape the distribution of plants. Yet, our understanding of the functions and evolution of early-life traits has been limited by the scarcity of large-scale datasets. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the germination niche of temperate plants is shaped by their climatic requirements and phylogenetic relatedness, using germination data sourced from a comprehensive seed conservation database of the European flora (ENSCOBASE). METHODS We performed a phylogenetically informed Bayesian meta-analysis of primary data, considering 18 762 germination tests of 2418 species from laboratory experiments conducted across all European geographical regions. We tested for the interaction between species' climatic requirements and germination responses to experimental conditions including temperature, alternating temperature, light and dormancy-breaking treatments, while accounting for between-study variation related to seed sources and seed lot physiological status. KEY RESULTS Climate was a strong predictor of germination responses. In warm and seasonally dry climates the seed germination niche includes a cold-cued germination response and an inhibition determined by alternating temperature regimes and cold stratification, while in climates with high temperature seasonality opposite responses can be observed. Germination responses to scarification and light were related to seed mass but not to climate. We also found a significant phylogenetic signal in the response of seeds to experimental conditions, providing evidence that the germination niche is phylogenetically constrained. Nevertheless, phylogenetically distant lineages exhibited common germination responses under similar climates. CONCLUSION This is the first quantitative meta-analysis of the germination niche at a continental scale. Our findings showed that the germination niches of European plants exhibit evolutionary convergence mediated by strong pressures at the macroclimatic level. In addition, our methodological approach highlighted how large datasets generated by conservation seed banking can be valuable sources to address questions in plant macroecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margherita Gioria
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Sergey Rosbakh
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arne Saatkamp
- Aix Marseille Université, Université d’Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
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Moravcová L, Carta A, Pyšek P, Skálová H, Gioria M. Long-term seed burial reveals differences in the seed-banking strategies of naturalized and invasive alien herbs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8859. [PMID: 35614334 PMCID: PMC9132925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil seed viability and germinability dynamics can have a major influence on the establishment and spread of plants introduced beyond their native distribution range. Yet, we lack information on how temporal variability in these traits could affect the invasion process. To address this issue, we conducted an 8-year seed burial experiment examining seed viability and germinability dynamics for 21 invasive and 38 naturalized herbs in the Czech Republic. Seeds of most naturalized and invasive species persisted in the soil for several years. However, naturalized herbs exhibited greater seed longevity, on average, than invasive ones. Phylogenetic logistic models showed that seed viability (but not germinability) dynamics were significantly related to the invasion status of the study species. Seed viability declined earlier and more sharply in invasive species, and the probability of finding viable seeds of invasive species by the end of the experiment was low. Our findings suggest that invasive herbs might take advantage of high seed viability in the years immediately after dispersal, while naturalized species benefit from extended seed viability over time. These differences, however, are not sufficiently strong to explain the invasiveness of the species examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Moravcová
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Angelino Carta
- Botany Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Skálová
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Margherita Gioria
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
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