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Li Z, Yang H, Zhang W, Wang J, Zhao Y, Cheng J. Prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in Chinese patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: a cross-sectional study on 653 patients. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042926. [PMID: 33931408 PMCID: PMC8098992 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and identify predictive factors of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) in Southern Chinese patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 653 patients with PAD admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2014 to July 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The degree of carotid stenosis was assessed by Duplex ultrasound and classified as normal (no stenosis), mild (<50% stenosis), moderate (50%-69% stenosis), severe (≥70% stenosis or near occlusion) and total occlusion. Patients with stenosis ≥50% were classified as having significant ACAS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the risk associated with concomitant factors of ACAS. RESULTS The mean age was 71.5±5.5 years, and 55.9% of the patients were men. Significant ACAS stenosis accounted for 128 (19.6%) cases, including 68 (10.4%) cases of moderate stenosis (50%-69%), 46 (7.0%) cases of severe stenosis (70%-99%) and 14 (2.1%) cases of total occlusion. Multivariable analysis revealed that age ≥70 years (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.18), an ankle brachial index (ABI) ≤0.5 (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.34 to 8.55), an ABI ≤0.4 (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.47 to 10.06) and Fontaine stage IV (OR 4.53, 95% CI 1.47 to 13.88) are predictive factors of significant ACAS. CONCLUSION The prevalence of significant ACAS (stenosis ≥50%) in patients with PAD was approximately 19.6%. Significant ACAS was more common in patients with PAD older than 70 years, particularly in patients with an ABI <0.5 and those classified as Fontaine stage IV. Selective carotid screening may be more worthwhile in these high-risk patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhui Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Departments of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- Departments of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Departments of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Poorthuis MHF, Halliday A, Massa MS, Sherliker P, Clack R, Morris DR, Clarke R, de Borst GJ, Bulbulia R, Lewington S. Validation of Risk Prediction Models to Detect Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014766. [PMID: 32310014 PMCID: PMC7428515 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Significant asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) is associated with higher risk of strokes. While the prevalence of moderate and severe ACS is low in the general population, prediction models may allow identification of individuals at increased risk, thereby enabling targeted screening. We identified established prediction models for ACS and externally validated them in a large screening population. Methods and Results Prediction models for prevalent cases with ≥50% ACS were identified in a systematic review (975 studies reviewed and 6 prediction models identified [3 for moderate and 3 for severe ACS]) and then validated using data from 596 469 individuals who attended commercial vascular screening clinics in the United States and United Kingdom. We assessed discrimination and calibration. In the validation cohort, 11 178 (1.87%) participants had ≥50% ACS and 2033 (0.34%) had ≥70% ACS. The best model included age, sex, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, vascular and cerebrovascular disease, measured blood pressure, and blood lipids. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for this model was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.74-0.75) for ≥50% ACS and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.77-0.79) for ≥70% ACS. The prevalence of ≥50% ACS in the highest decile of risk was 6.51%, and 1.42% for ≥70% ACS. Targeted screening of the 10% highest risk identified 35% of cases with ≥50% ACS and 42% of cases with ≥70% ACS. Conclusions Individuals at high risk of significant ACS can be selected reliably using a prediction model. The best-performing prediction models identified over one third of all cases by targeted screening of individuals in the highest decile of risk only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel H. F. Poorthuis
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Alison Halliday
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - M. Sofia Massa
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sherliker
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Clack
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Dylan R. Morris
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Richard Bulbulia
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lewington
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
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Liu H, Yao Y, Wang Y, Ma L, Liu X, Guo S, Feng X, Chen Y, Chen X, Liu Z, Ji L, Li D, Zhou Y. Ideal cardiovascular health metrics and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study in northern China. Liver Int 2019; 39:950-955. [PMID: 30712318 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The components of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics have been shown to be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to determine the association between ideal CVH metrics and NAFLD. METHODS A total of 10,511 participants (47.26% men) aged 18 to 92 years were selected from the Jidong and Kailuan communities. Ideal CVH was based on 7 ideal CVH metrics: smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose. NAFLD was determined by abdominal ultrasonography. All participants underwent questionnaire assessments and clinical and laboratory examinations. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the relationship of CVH metrics and the number of ideal CVH metrics with NAFLD. RESULTS The prevalence rates of NAFLD by CVH summary score quartiles were 64.38% (2,015/3,130), 50.16% (786/1,567), 33.28% (1,194/3,588) and 20.89% (465/2,226). Participants in the highest quartile showed a lower odds ratio (OR) than those in the lowest quartile (fully adjusted OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.17-0.20, P < 0.001). Similar results were observed in subjects stratified by sex and age (45 years). The ORs were progressively decreased with an increased number of ideal CVH metrics (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD was significantly associated with both the summary score of CVH metrics and the number of ideal CVH metrics. The combined evaluation of ideal CVH may contribute to the prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Liu
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Likun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xuezhen Liu
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shasha Guo
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xia Feng
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xueyu Chen
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhongni Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Long Ji
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Sanbo Brain Institute, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics Associated with Reductions in the Risk of Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis: a Population-based Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12277. [PMID: 30115933 PMCID: PMC6095842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics are closely related to the risk of stroke. Extracranial carotid artery stenosis (ECAS) represents an important risk factor for ischemic stroke. The present study aims to explore the longitudinal effect of the baseline CVH metrics on the development of ECAS. Totally 5,440 participants were randomly enrolled in the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study from 2010 to 2011. Information regarding the seven CVH metrics was collected at baseline. ECAS was assessed by performing carotid duplex sonography at baseline (2010-2011) and during the follow-up (2012-2013). Finally 3,487 subjects were included, and 976 participants developed ECAS during the 2-year follow-up. The optimum CVH status was associated with a 42% (95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.85) decreased risk of the incidence of ECAS after adjusting for age, sex, weight, education, income, alcohol use, waist-hip ratio, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, homocysteine, and C-reactive protein. Ideal physical activity, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose were independent protective factors of ECAS. In this cohort study, the ideal baseline CVH status was negatively associated with the occurrence of ECAS during the follow-up. This study provides practical insight for further developing effective screening strategies or implementing the best medical treatment.
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Schapira AHV. Advances and insights into neurological practice 2016−17. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1425-1434. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kupaev V, Borisov O, Marutina E, Yan YX, Wang W. Integration of suboptimal health status and endothelial dysfunction as a new aspect for risk evaluation of cardiovascular disease. EPMA J 2016; 7:19. [PMID: 27621756 PMCID: PMC5018938 DOI: 10.1186/s13167-016-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suboptimal health status (SHS) is recognized as a subclinical, reversible stage of chronic disease. Association has been confirmed between SHS and cardiovascular risk factors, indicating that SHS may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. This study explored integrated risk assessment of cardiovascular disease by combining SHS questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25) and indicators of endothelial dysfunction. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 459 residents of Samara, Russia, who had no history of clinical diagnosed disease and did not receive any treatment in the last 2 weeks. The SHS score was derived from the data collected in the SHSQ-25. Blood pressure, body mass index, and glucose and lipid levels (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, cholesterol and triglycerides) were measured by physical examination and laboratory performance. The relationship between SHS and endothelial dysfunction was examined using Pearson's correlation linear regression analysis. Cluster analysis was performed to identify systemic patterns arising from exposure to a variety of risk factors. RESULTS Significant correlations were observed between index of endothelial function and the overall performance of SHS (r = -0.31, p < 0.05), and individual scales of the questionnaire SHSQ-25: fatigue (r = -0.36, p < 0.05), mental (r = -0.29, p < 0.05), and the cardiovascular system (r = -0.36). Based on cluster analysis, all subjects were grouped into five clusters: (1) optimal health status, (2) SHS at low risk of disease states, (3) SHS with a high risk of non-cardiac pathologies profile, (4) SHS of low risk of cardiovascular disease, and (5) SHS with high risk of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS SHS is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Integration of suboptimal health status and endothelial dysfunction provides a novel tool to allow people to get a more holistic picture of both subjective and objective health measures, and also can be applied to routine screening for risks of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Kupaev
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Borisov
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation
| | | | - Yu-Xiang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ; Postgraduate Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
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