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Morris DR, Singh TP, Zaman T, Velu R, Quigley F, Jenkins J, Golledge J. Rates of Stroke in Patients With Different Presentations of Carotid Artery Stenosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2023; 66:484-491. [PMID: 37295600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carotid artery stenosis may present without the classical symptoms of transient ischaemic attack or stroke but the rates of stroke for these presentations is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the rates of stroke in patients with different presentations of carotid artery stenosis. METHODS A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across three Australian vascular centres with low rates of surgical treatment of patients without transient ischaemic attack or stroke. Patients with a 50 - 99% carotid artery stenosis presenting with non-focal symptoms (e.g., dizziness or syncope; n = 47), prior contralateral carotid endarterectomy (n = 71), prior ipsilateral symptoms more than six months earlier (n = 82), and no symptoms (n = 304) were recruited. The primary outcome was ipsilateral ischaemic stroke. Secondary outcomes were any ischaemic stroke and cardiovascular death. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazard and Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2020, 504 patients were enrolled (mean age 71 years, 30% women) and followed for a median of 5.1 years (interquartile range 2.5, 8.8; 2 981 person years). Approximately 82% were prescribed antiplatelet therapy, 84% were receiving at least one antihypertensive drug, and 76% were prescribed a statin at entry. After five years the incidence of ipsilateral stroke was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3 - 9.5). There were no statistically significant differences in the annual rate of ipsilateral stroke among people with non-focal symptoms (2.1%; 95% CI 0.8 - 5.7), prior contralateral carotid endarterectomy (0.2%; 0.03 - 1.6) or ipsilateral symptoms > 6 months prior (1.0%; 0.4 - 2.5) compared with those with no symptoms (1.2%; 0.7 - 1.8; p = .19). There were no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes across groups. CONCLUSION This cohort study showed no large differences in stroke rates among people with different presentations of carotid artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Morris
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tejas P Singh
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tahmid Zaman
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ramesh Velu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jason Jenkins
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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Morris DR, Jones GT, Holmes MV, Bown MJ, Bulbulia R, Singh TP, Golledge J. Genetic Predisposition to Diabetes and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Two Stage Mendelian Randomisation Study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2022; 63:512-519. [PMID: 34916110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies demonstrate an inverse association between type II diabetes and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) for reasons that are unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the causal association between type II diabetes predisposition and AAA using Mendelian randomisation. METHODS Effect estimates for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with diabetes were obtained from the DIAbetes Meta-ANalysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) consortium to construct a genetic instrumental variable. Corresponding effect estimates for associations of these SNPs with AAA were obtained from the International Aneurysm Consortium comprising six separate AAA genomewide association studies (4 972 cases and 99 858 controls). Mendelian randomisation estimates were calculated using inverse variance, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods, and compared against recently published observational estimates. RESULTS A genetic risk score was constructed from 206 SNPs associated with diabetes. All three Mendelian randomisation models showed no effect of genetic liability to diabetes and risk of AAA (inverse variance: odds ratio 1.04 per unit higher log odds, 95% 0.98 - 1.11, p = .19; MR-Egger slope p = .33; weighted median p = .50). Results were similar after excluding the TCF7L2 locus (inverse variance p = .075). Findings from the Mendelian randomisation analysis differed from previous observational reports of an inverse association (pdif < .001). CONCLUSION Lifelong genetic predisposition to diabetes does not appear to protect against AAA. These findings differ from traditional epidemiological studies showing an inverse association between diabetes and AAA, for reasons that remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Morris
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory T Jones
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Bown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute of Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard Bulbulia
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tejas P Singh
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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Poorthuis MHF, Morris DR, de Borst GJ, Bots ML, Greving JP, Visseren FLJ, Sherliker P, Clack R, Clarke R, Lewington S, Bulbulia R, Halliday A. Detection of asymptomatic carotid stenosis in patients with lower-extremity arterial disease: development and external validations of a risk score. Br J Surg 2021; 108:960-967. [PMID: 33876207 PMCID: PMC10364916 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recommendations for screening patients with lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD) to detect asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) are conflicting. Prediction models might identify patients at high risk of ACS, possibly allowing targeted screening to improve preventive therapy and compliance. METHODS A systematic search for prediction models for at least 50 per cent ACS in patients with LEAD was conducted. A prediction model in screened patients from the USA with an ankle : brachial pressure index of 0.9 or less was subsequently developed, and assessed for discrimination and calibration. External validation was performed in two independent cohorts, from the UK and the Netherlands. RESULTS After screening 4907 studies, no previously published prediction models were found. For development of a new model, data for 112 117 patients were used, of whom 6354 (5.7 per cent) had at least 50 per cent ACS and 2801 (2.5 per cent) had at least 70 per cent ACS. Age, sex, smoking status, history of hypercholesterolaemia, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, coronary heart disease and measured systolic BP were predictors of ACS. The model discrimination had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.71 (95 per cent c.i. 0.71 to 0.72) for at least 50 per cent ACS and 0.73 (0.72 to 0.73) for at least 70 per cent ACS. Screening the 20 per cent of patients at greatest risk detected 12.4 per cent with at least 50 per cent ACS (number needed to screen (NNS) 8] and 5.8 per cent with at least 70 per cent ACS (NNS 17). This yielded 44.2 and 46.9 per cent of patients with at least 50 and 70 per cent ACS respectively. External validation showed reliable discrimination and adequate calibration. CONCLUSION The present risk score can predict significant ACS in patients with LEAD. This approach may inform targeted screening of high-risk individuals to enhance the detection of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H F Poorthuis
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D R Morris
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M L Bots
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J P Greving
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P Sherliker
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Clack
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Lewington
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Bulbulia
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Halliday
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Golledge J, Pinchbeck J, Tomee SM, Rowbotham SE, Singh TP, Moxon JV, Jenkins JS, Lindeman JH, Dalman RL, McDonnell L, Fitridge R, Morris DR. Efficacy of Telmisartan to Slow Growth of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2020; 5:1374-1381. [PMID: 32845283 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance Currently there is no drug therapy for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Objective To test the efficacy of the angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan in slowing AAA growth in the Telmisartan in the Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (TEDY) trial. Design, Setting, and Participants A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial recruited participants between September 6, 2011, and October 5, 2016, to evaluate the efficacy of telmisartan treatment in patients with AAA. Participants with 35- to 49-mm AAAs recruited from Australia, the Netherlands, and the US were randomized 1:1 to receive telmisartan, 40 mg, or identical placebo. Analyses were conducted according to intention-to-treat principles. Final follow-up was conducted on October 11, 2018, and data analysis was performed between June and November 2019. Intervention Telmisartan, 40 mg, or identical placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome of the difference in AAA growth, assessed on core imaging laboratory-read ultrasonographic scanning, was tested with linear mixed-effects models. Other outcomes included effects on blood pressure, computed tomographic (CT)-measured AAA diameter and volume, time to AAA-related events (AAA repair or mortality due to AAA rupture), and health-related quality of life. Results Of 300 intended participants, 210 were enrolled and randomized to receive telmisartan (n = 107) or placebo (n = 103). Of patients included in the intention-to-treat analysis (telmisartan: n = 106, placebo: n = 101), 183 were men (88%); mean (SD) age was 73.5 (7.9) years. At 1 year, participants receiving telmisartan had mean lower systolic (8.9; 95% CI, 4.1-13.8 mm Hg; P < .001) and diastolic (7.0; 4.3-9.8 mm Hg; P < .001) blood pressure levels compared with participants receiving placebo. A total of 188 participants (91%) received at least 2 ultrasonographic scans and 133 participants (64%) had at least 2 CT scans. There was no significant difference in ultrasonographic-assessed AAA growth rates among those assigned telmisartan (1.68 mm/y) or placebo (1.78 mm/y): mean difference, -0.11 mm/y (95% CI, -0.60 to 0.38 mm/y; P = .66). Telmisartan had no significant effects on AAA growth assessed by CT-measured AAA diameter (mean difference, -0.01 mm/y; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.01 mm/y; P = .23) or volume (mean difference, -0.02 cm3/y; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.00 cm3/y; P = .11), AAA-related events (relative risk, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.54-3.35; P = .52), or health-related quality of life (mean difference in physical component score at 24 months, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.4-0.4; P = .80). Hypotensive symptoms (eg, syncope) were twice as common among participants receiving telmisartan compared with placebo (28 [26%] vs 13 [13%]; P = .02), but overall adverse event rates were otherwise similar for both groups. Conclusions and Relevance This underpowered study did not show a treatment effect for telmisartan on small AAA growth. Future trials will need to ensure adequate sample size and duration of follow-up. Trial Registrations anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12611000931976; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01683084.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenna Pinchbeck
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Tomee
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie E Rowbotham
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tejas P Singh
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joseph V Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason S Jenkins
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jan H Lindeman
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald L Dalman
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Lori McDonnell
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Robert Fitridge
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dylan R Morris
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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5
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Poorthuis MHF, Halliday A, Massa MS, Sherliker P, Clack R, Morris DR, Clarke R, de Borst GJ, Bulbulia R, Lewington S. Validation of Risk Prediction Models to Detect Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014766. [PMID: 32310014 PMCID: PMC7428515 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Significant asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) is associated with higher risk of strokes. While the prevalence of moderate and severe ACS is low in the general population, prediction models may allow identification of individuals at increased risk, thereby enabling targeted screening. We identified established prediction models for ACS and externally validated them in a large screening population. Methods and Results Prediction models for prevalent cases with ≥50% ACS were identified in a systematic review (975 studies reviewed and 6 prediction models identified [3 for moderate and 3 for severe ACS]) and then validated using data from 596 469 individuals who attended commercial vascular screening clinics in the United States and United Kingdom. We assessed discrimination and calibration. In the validation cohort, 11 178 (1.87%) participants had ≥50% ACS and 2033 (0.34%) had ≥70% ACS. The best model included age, sex, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, vascular and cerebrovascular disease, measured blood pressure, and blood lipids. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for this model was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.74-0.75) for ≥50% ACS and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.77-0.79) for ≥70% ACS. The prevalence of ≥50% ACS in the highest decile of risk was 6.51%, and 1.42% for ≥70% ACS. Targeted screening of the 10% highest risk identified 35% of cases with ≥50% ACS and 42% of cases with ≥70% ACS. Conclusions Individuals at high risk of significant ACS can be selected reliably using a prediction model. The best-performing prediction models identified over one third of all cases by targeted screening of individuals in the highest decile of risk only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel H. F. Poorthuis
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Alison Halliday
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - M. Sofia Massa
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sherliker
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Clack
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Dylan R. Morris
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Richard Bulbulia
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lewington
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford,United Kingdom
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Poorthuis MHF, Bulbulia R, Morris DR, Pan H, Rothwell PM, Algra A, Becquemin JP, Bonati LH, Brott TG, Brown MM, Calvet D, Eckstein HH, Fraedrich G, Gregson J, Greving JP, Hendrikse J, Howard G, Jansen O, Mas JL, Lewis SC, de Borst GJ, Halliday A. Timing of procedural stroke and death in asymptomatic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: individual patient analysis from four RCTs. Br J Surg 2020; 107:662-668. [PMID: 32162310 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for stroke prevention depends on low procedural risks. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and timing of procedural complications after CEA, which may clarify underlying mechanisms and help inform safe discharge policies. METHODS Individual-patient data were obtained from four large carotid intervention trials (VACS, ACAS, ACST-1 and GALA; 1983-2007). Patients undergoing CEA for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis directly after randomization were used for the present analysis. Timing of procedural death and stroke was divided into intraoperative day 0, postoperative day 0, days 1-3 and days 4-30. RESULTS Some 3694 patients were included in the analysis. A total of 103 patients (2·8 per cent) had serious procedural complications (18 fatal strokes, 68 non-fatal strokes, 11 fatal myocardial infarctions and 6 deaths from other causes) [Correction added on 20 April, after first online publication: the percentage value has been corrected to 2·8]. Of the 86 strokes, 67 (78 per cent) were ipsilateral, 17 (20 per cent) were contralateral and two (2 per cent) were vertebrobasilar. Forty-five strokes (52 per cent) were ischaemic, nine (10 per cent) haemorrhagic, and stroke subtype was not determined in 32 patients (37 per cent). Half of the strokes happened on the day of CEA. Of all serious complications recorded, 44 (42·7 per cent) occurred on day 0 (20 intraoperative, 17 postoperative, 7 with unclear timing), 23 (22·3 per cent) on days 1-3 and 36 (35·0 per cent) on days 4-30. CONCLUSION At least half of the procedural strokes in this study were ischaemic and ipsilateral to the treated artery. Half of all procedural complications occurred on the day of surgery, but one-third after day 3 when many patients had been discharged.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H F Poorthuis
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R Bulbulia
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D R Morris
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Pan
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P M Rothwell
- Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Algra
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J-P Becquemin
- Vascular Institute of Paris East, Hôpital Paul D Egine, Champigny-sur-Marne, France
| | - L H Bonati
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital, University of Basle, Basle, Switzerland
| | - T G Brott
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - M M Brown
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Calvet
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris-Descartes, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Neurovasc Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U894, Paris, France
| | - H-H Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery - Vascular Centre, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Fraedrich
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Gregson
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - J P Greving
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Hendrikse
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, UAB School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - O Jansen
- Clinic for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J-L Mas
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris-Descartes, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Neurovasc Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U894, Paris, France
| | - S C Lewis
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Halliday
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Carter JL, Morris DR, Sherliker P, Clack R, Lam KBH, Halliday A, Clarke R, Lewington S, Bulbulia R. Sex-Specific Associations of Vascular Risk Factors With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Findings From 1.5 Million Women and 0.8 Million Men in the United States and United Kingdom. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014748. [PMID: 32063115 PMCID: PMC7070225 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Large studies are required for reliable estimates of important risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This could guide targeted AAA screening programs, particularly in subgroups like women who are currently excluded from such programs. Method and Results In a cross‐sectional study, 1.5 million women and 0.8 million men without known vascular disease attended commercial screening clinics in the United Kingdom or United States from 2008 to 2013. Measurements of vascular risk factors were related to AAA using logistic regression with correction for regression dilution bias. Screening detected 12 729 new AAA cases (0.6%). Compared with never smoking, current smoking was associated with 15 times the risk of AAA among women (risk ratio 15.0, 95% CI 13.2–17.0) and 7 times among men (7.3, 6.4–8.2). In women aged <75 years, the risk of AAA was nearly 30 times greater in current smokers (26.4, 20.3–34.2). In every age group, the prevalence of AAA in female smokers was greater than in male never‐smokers. Positive log‐linear associations with AAA for women and men were also observed for usual body mass index, usual systolic blood pressure, height, usual low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and usual triglycerides. Conclusions Log‐linear increases in the risks of AAA with traditional vascular risk factors should be considered when evaluating populations that may be at‐risk for the development of AAA, and when considering potential treatments. However, at any given age, female smokers are at higher risk of AAA than male never‐smokers, and a policy of screening male never‐smokers but not higher‐risk female smokers is questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Carter
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Dylan R Morris
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery The Townsville Hospital Queensland Australia
| | - Paul Sherliker
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford United Kingdom.,MRC Population Health Research Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Clack
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Kin Bong Hubert Lam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Alison Halliday
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lewington
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford United Kingdom.,MRC Population Health Research Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Richard Bulbulia
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford United Kingdom
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Knappich C, Kuehnl A, Haller B, Salvermoser M, Algra A, Becquemin JP, Bonati LH, Bulbulia R, Calvet D, Fraedrich G, Gregson J, Halliday A, Hendrikse J, Howard G, Jansen O, Malas MB, Ringleb PA, Brown MM, Mas JL, Brott TG, Morris DR, Lewis SC, Eckstein HH. Associations of Perioperative Variables With the 30-Day Risk of Stroke or Death in Carotid Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis. Stroke 2019; 50:3439-3448. [PMID: 31735137 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- This analysis was performed to assess the association between perioperative and clinical variables and the 30-day risk of stroke or death after carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Methods- Individual patient-level data from the 5 largest randomized controlled carotid trials were pooled in the Carotid Stenosis Trialists' Collaboration database. A total of 4181 patients who received carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic stenosis per protocol were included. Determinants of outcome included carotid endarterectomy technique, type of anesthesia, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, shunting, antiplatelet medication, and clinical variables. Stroke or death within 30 days after carotid endarterectomy was the primary outcome. Adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) were estimated in multilevel multivariable analyses using a Poisson regression model. Results- Mean age was 69.5±9.2 years (70.7% men). The 30-day stroke or death rate was 4.3%. In the multivariable regression analysis, local anesthesia was associated with a lower primary outcome rate (versus general anesthesia; aRR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.50-0.99]). Shunting (aRR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.05-1.95]), a contralateral high-grade carotid stenosis or occlusion (aRR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.02-2.47]), and a more severe neurological deficit (mRS, 3-5 versus 0-2: aRR, 2.51 [95% CI, 1.30-4.83]) were associated with higher primary outcome rates. None of the other characteristics were significantly associated with the perioperative stroke or death risk. Conclusions- The current results indicate lower perioperative stroke or death rates in patients operated upon under local anesthesia, whereas a more severe neurological deficit and a contralateral high-grade carotid stenosis or occlusion were identified as potential risk factors. Despite a possible selection bias and patients not having been randomized, these findings might be useful to guide surgeons and anesthetists when treating patients with symptomatic carotid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Knappich
- From the Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.K., A.K., M.S., H.-H.E.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kuehnl
- From the Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.K., A.K., M.S., H.-H.E.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (B.H.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Salvermoser
- From the Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.K., A.K., M.S., H.-H.E.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Ale Algra
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (A.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Becquemin
- Vascular Institute Paris East, Private Hospital Paul D'Egine, Ramsay Group, Champigny sur Marne, France (J.-P.B.)
| | - Leo H Bonati
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (L.H.B.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research (L.H.B.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom (L.H.B., M.M.B.)
| | - Richard Bulbulia
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (R.B., D.R.M.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (R.B.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gustav Fraedrich
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (G.F.)
| | - John Gregson
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (J.G.)
| | - Alison Halliday
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.H.)
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Department of Radiology (J.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL (G.H.)
| | - Olav Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, UKSH Campus Kiel, Germany (O.J.)
| | - Mahmoud B Malas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California San Diego, Health System (M.B.M.)
| | - Peter A Ringleb
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Germany (P.A.R.)
| | - Martin M Brown
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom (L.H.B., M.M.B.)
| | | | - Thomas G Brott
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (T.G.B.)
| | - Dylan R Morris
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (R.B., D.R.M.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steff C Lewis
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (S.C.L.)
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- From the Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.K., A.K., M.S., H.-H.E.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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9
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Morris DR, Skalina TA, Singh TP, Moxon JV, Golledge J. Association of Computed Tomographic Leg Muscle Characteristics With Lower Limb and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e009943. [PMID: 30371256 PMCID: PMC6474956 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Poor lower extremity physical performance is an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome in patients with peripheral artery disease ( PAD ); however, few studies have assessed muscle characteristics on imaging directly. Method and Results A novel 3-dimensional semi-automated protocol was developed to estimate leg muscle volume and density (mean attenuation) from computed tomography images. Patients with PAD who underwent a lower extremity computed tomography scan at a tertiary vascular surgery center were included, and were followed up using hospital records and linked data as part of a retrospective cohort study. The primary outcomes were lower limb events (major amputation or peripheral revascularization) and cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death). Two hundred and twenty-three patients with PAD were included (median age 69.0 years; 73% men) and followed for a median of 4.9 [2.6-7.0] years. During this time there were 99 index lower limb events and 97 cardiovascular events. Low leg muscle density was associated with increased risk of lower limb (rate ratio 1.41 [1.11-1.80] per SD reduction) and cardiovascular events (rate ratio 1.60 [1.29-1.99] per SD reduction). Low muscle density remained an independent predictor of cardiovascular (but not lower limb) events, after adjusting for age, sex, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and angiographic PAD severity (rate ratio 1.39 [1.09-1.77] per lower SD ). In contrast, leg muscle volume was not associated with outcomes after adjusting for risk factors and PAD severity. Conclusions Low leg muscle density, but not volume, is a strong, independent predictor of major cardiovascular events among people with PAD . Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Morris
- 1 Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Tristan A Skalina
- 1 Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Tejas P Singh
- 1 Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Joseph V Moxon
- 1 Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- 1 Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia.,2 Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery The Townsville Hospital Townsville Queensland Australia
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10
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Golledge J, Singh TP, Alahakoon C, Pinchbeck J, Yip L, Moxon JV, Morris DR. Meta-analysis of clinical trials examining the benefit of structured home exercise in patients with peripheral artery disease. Br J Surg 2019; 106:319-331. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Supervised exercise is recommended for the management of peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, the uptake is limited. Structured home exercise programmes may be more feasible, but their effectiveness is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the benefit of structured home exercise programmes for treating PAD in comparison to controls not receiving an exercise programme.
Methods
A literature search was conducted to identify RCTs comparing structured home exercise with controls not receiving an exercise programme among patients with PAD. To be included, studies had to report outcomes from treadmill or corridor walking tests, or objective assessment of physical activity. Inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis was performed to compare changes in maximum walking distance and intermittent claudication onset distance in treadmill tests, walking distance during a 6-min walking test, and physical activity measured using a pedometer or accelerometer. Summarized results are presented in terms of standard deviation differences.
Results
Eleven randomized trials involving 807 patients were included. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 24 months; only one trial included follow-up beyond 12 months. Meta-analyses showed that structured home exercise programmes led to significant improvements in maximum walking distance (mean difference (MD) 0·32, 95 per cent c.i. 0·15 to 0·50; P < 0·001), intermittent claudication onset distance (MD 0·45, 0·27 to 0·62; P < 0·001), walking distance in a 6-min walking test (MD 0·28, 0·09 to 0·47; P = 0·004) and physical activity (MD 0·27, 0·11 to 0·43; P = 0·001).
Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggests that structured home exercise programmes are effective at improving walking performance and physical activity in the short term for patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - T P Singh
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Alahakoon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Pinchbeck
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Yip
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - J V Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - D R Morris
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Golledge J, Morris DR, Pinchbeck J, Rowbotham S, Jenkins J, Bourke M, Bourke B, Norman PE, Jones R, Moxon JV. Editor's Choice - Metformin Prescription is Associated with a Reduction in the Combined Incidence of Surgical Repair and Rupture Related Mortality in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2018; 57:94-101. [PMID: 30174271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently there is no drug therapy for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and most previous investigations have focused on imaging rather than clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether AAA related clinical events were lower in patients prescribed metformin. METHODS This was a prospective cohort observational study performed in three cities in Australia, which was designed to study risk factors for clinical events not simply to focus on metformin. Patients with an asymptomatic unrepaired AAA of any diameter ≥30 mm were recruited from hospital outpatient clinics and surveillance programs run at four centres. The main outcome was the requirement for AAA repair or AAA related mortality (AAA events). The association between metformin prescription and AAA events was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS Patients (1,080) with a mean (SD) initial AAA diameter of 46.1 (11.3) mm were followed for a mean (SD) of 2.5 (3.1) years until an AAA event (n = 454), death (n = 176), loss to follow up (n = 128), or completion of current follow up (n = 322). Patients with diabetes who were prescribed metformin (adjusted HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44-0.93), but not patients with diabetes who were not prescribed metformin (adjusted HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.83-1.59), had a lower incidence of AAA events compared with those without diabetes. Findings were similar in sensitivity analyses restricted to patients with an initial AAA diameter ≤50 mm and patients with a minimum follow up of six months before an AAA event. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that clinically important AAA events may be reduced in patients with diabetes who are prescribed metformin, but not those with diabetes receiving other treatments. A randomised controlled trial is needed to definitively test whether metformin reduces AAA related clinical events in patients with small AAAs who do not have diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Dylan R Morris
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenna Pinchbeck
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sophie Rowbotham
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Jenkins
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Bourke
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Gosford Vascular Clinic, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernard Bourke
- Gosford Vascular Clinic, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul E Norman
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rhonda Jones
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joseph V Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Golledge J, Maarij K, Moxon JV, Beard JD, Girold S, Wrang H, Morris DR. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials Examining the Benefit of Exercise Programmes Using Nordic Walking in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2018; 56:534-543. [PMID: 30017508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An exercise programme is part of the initial management of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Nordic walking uses poles and a core-focused walking technique to reduce the load on the legs, which may have advantages as an exercise programme for PAD. This systematic review examined the benefit of a Nordic walking programme for treating PAD compared with other programmes. METHODS A systematic approach was used to identify clinical trials comparing Nordic walking and control programmes in PAD patients. For inclusion, studies had to report maximum walking distance (MWD) measured with a treadmill test or corridor walking test both at entry and follow up. Study quality was appraised using the Cochrane collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias. An inverse variance weighted meta-analysis was performed to compare improvements in MWD. RESULTS Five independent trials involving 294 patients were identified. In three trials, supervised Nordic walking programmes were compared with supervised standard walking. One trial compared a home based Nordic walking programme with a similar standard walking programme. One trial compared a partly supervised Nordic walking programme with best medical management. Meta-analysis of all data suggested that MWD improvements were similar for patients treated by Nordic and standard walking programmes (standardised mean difference, SMD = 1.31, 95% CI -1.28 to 3.91; p = .322). Findings for completely supervised programmes were similar to the primary analysis (SMD = -0.79, 95% CI -2.81 to 1.24; p = .446) while those from partially supervised or home based programmes favoured Nordic walking (SMD = 4.46, 95% CI 3.39, 5.53; p < .001), mainly due to results from one home based trial. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests no benefit of Nordic over standard walking as supervised exercise for PAD. Favourable results were reported for one home based Nordic walking programme. A larger trial is needed to assess whether this finding can be replicated or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Khyber Maarij
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joseph V Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Sebastien Girold
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Cebazat, France; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Physiotherapy Training Institute, Vichy, France
| | - Hans Wrang
- Nordic Walking Australia, Newport, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan R Morris
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Golledge J, Moxon JV, Rowbotham S, Pinchbeck J, Yip L, Velu R, Quigley F, Jenkins J, Morris DR. Risk of major amputation in patients with intermittent claudication undergoing early revascularization. Br J Surg 2018; 105:699-708. [PMID: 29566427 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Revascularization is being used increasingly for the treatment of intermittent claudication and yet few studies have reported the long-term outcomes of this strategy. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of patients with intermittent claudication who underwent revascularization compared with a group initially treated without revascularization. METHODS Patients with symptoms of intermittent claudication and a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease were recruited from outpatient clinics at three hospitals in Queensland, Australia. Based on variation in the practices of different vascular specialists, patients were either treated by early revascularization or received initial conservative treatment. Patients were followed in outpatient clinics using linked hospital admission record data. The primary outcome was the requirement for major amputation. Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression and competing risks analyses were used to compare major amputation rates. RESULTS Some 456 patients were recruited; 178 (39·0 per cent) underwent early revascularization and 278 (61·0 per cent) had initial conservative treatment. Patients were followed for a mean(s.d.) of 5·00(3·37) years. The estimated 5-year major amputation rate was 6·2 and 0·7 per cent in patients undergoing early revascularization and initial conservative treatment respectively (P = 0·003). Early revascularization was associated with an increased requirement for major amputation in models adjusted for other risk factors (relative risk 5·40 to 4·22 in different models). CONCLUSION Patients presenting with intermittent claudication who underwent early revascularization appeared to be at higher risk of amputation than those who had initial conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mater Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - J V Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Rowbotham
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Pinchbeck
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Yip
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Velu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mater Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - F Quigley
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mater Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Jenkins
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - D R Morris
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Singh TP, Morris DR, Smith S, Moxon JV, Golledge J. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between C-Reactive Protein and Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017; 54:220-233. [PMID: 28666785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at substantial risk of cardiovascular events. There is interest in using blood markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), to monitor prognosis and treatment efficacy in PAD patients. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between CRP and major cardiovascular events in PAD patients. METHOD Studies evaluating the association between CRP and major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac revascularisation and mortality) were identified using MEDLINE and the Cochrane library. Studies that did not include participants with PAD, measure CRP, or follow-up patients for cardiovascular events were excluded. Meta-analyses of published adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were conducted using an inverse variance-weighted random effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 index. RESULTS A total of 16 studies involving 5041 participants met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Eight studies were included in the meta-analyses. Summary effect estimates were reported as HR comparing higher and lower quantiles, and HR per unit increase in logeCRP. PAD patients with higher CRP had a significantly greater risk of major cardiovascular events compared with those with lower CRP (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.65-3.09, p < 0.001). The HR for major cardiovascular events was 1.38 (95% CI 1.16-1.63, p < 0.001) per unit increase in logeCRP. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that high circulating CRP is predictive of major cardiovascular events in PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Singh
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - D R Morris
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - S Smith
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - J V Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - J Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
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15
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Morris DR, Ayabe K, Inoue T, Sakai N, Bulbulia R, Halliday A, Goto S. Evidence-Based Carotid Interventions for Stroke Prevention: State-of-the-art Review. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:373-387. [PMID: 28260723 PMCID: PMC5392474 DOI: 10.5551/jat.38745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis is responsible for between 10–20% of all ischaemic strokes. Interventions, such as carotid end-arterectomy and carotid stenting, effectively reduce the risk of stroke in selected individuals. This review describes the history of carotid interventions, and summarises reliable evidence on the safety and efficacy of these interventions gained from large randomised clinical trials. Early trials comparing carotid endarterectomy to medical therapy alone in symptomatic patients, and asymptomatic patients, demonstrated that endarterectomy halved the risk of stroke and perioperative death in these two unique populations. The absolute risk reduction was smaller in the asymptomatic carotid trials, consistent with their lower absolute stroke risk. More recent trials in symptomatic patients, suggest that carotid stenting has similar long term durability to carotid endarterectomy, but possibly has higher procedural hazards dominated by non-disabling strokes. The Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial-2, along with individual patient data meta-analysis of all asymptomatic trials, will provide reliable evidence for the choice of intervention in asymptomatic patients in whom a decision has been made for carotid revascularisation. Given improvements in effective cardiovascular medical therapy, in particular lipid-lowering medications, there is renewed uncertainty as to whether carotid interventions still provide meaningful net reductions in stroke risk in asymptomatic populations. Four large trials in Europe and the US are currently underway, and are expected to report longterm results in the next decade. It is essential that surgeons, interventionalists, and physicians continue to randomise large numbers of patients from around the world to clarify current uncertainty around the management of asymptomatic carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Morris
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford
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Morris DR, Singh TP, Moxon JV, Smith A, Stewart F, Jones RE, Golledge J. Assessment and validation of a novel angiographic scoring system for peripheral artery disease. Br J Surg 2017; 104:544-554. [PMID: 28140457 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiography is used routinely in the assessment of lower-limb arteries, but there are few well validated angiographic scoring systems. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel angiographic scoring system for peripheral artery disease. METHODS An angiographic scoring system (the ANGIO score) was developed and applied to a sample of patients from a single vascular surgical department who underwent CT angiography of the lower limbs. The reproducibility of the ANGIO score was compared with those of the Bollinger and Trans-Atlantic inter-Society Consensus (TASC) IIb systems in a series of randomly selected patients. Associations between the ANGIO score and lower-limb ischaemia, as measured by the ankle : brachial pressure index (ABPI), and outcome events (major lower-limb amputations and cardiovascular events - myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death) were assessed. RESULTS Some 256 patients undergoing CT angiography were included. The interobserver reproducibility of the ANGIO score was better than that of the other scoring systems examined (κ = 0·90, P = 0·002). There was a negative correlation between the ANGIO score and ABPI (ρ = -0·33, P = 0·008). A higher ANGIO score was associated with an increased risk of major lower-limb amputation (hazard ratio (HR) for highest versus lowest tertile 9·30, 95 per cent c.i. 1·95 to 44·38; P = 0·005) and cardiovascular events (HR 2·73, 1·31 to 5·70; P = 0·007) following adjustment for established risk factors. CONCLUSION The ANGIO score provided a reproducible and valid assessment of the severity of lower-limb ischaemia and risk of major amputation and cardiovascular events in these patients with peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Morris
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Queensland, Australia
| | - T P Singh
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Queensland, Australia
| | - J V Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Smith
- Department of Anatomy, School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F Stewart
- Department of Anatomy, School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R E Jones
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Morton SK, Rodríguez AJ, Morris DR, Bhandari AP, Moxon JV, Golledge J. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Circulating Biomarkers Associated with Failure of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Haemodialysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159963. [PMID: 27458819 PMCID: PMC4961283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure is a significant cause of morbidity and expense in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD). Circulating biomarkers could be valuable in detecting patients at risk of AVF failure and may identify targets to improve AVF outcome. Currently there is little consensus on the relationship between circulating biomarkers and AVF failure. The aim of this systematic review was to identify circulating biomarkers associated with AVF failure. METHODS Studies evaluating the association between circulating biomarkers and the presence or risk of AVF failure were systematically identified from the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. No restrictions on the type of study were imposed. Concentrations of circulating biomarkers of routine HD patients with and without AVF failure were recorded and meta-analyses were performed on biomarkers that were assessed in three or more studies with a composite population of at least 100 participants. Biomarker concentrations were synthesized into inverse-variance random-effects models to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Thirteen studies comprising a combined population of 1512 participants were included after screening 2835 unique abstracts. These studies collectively investigated 48 biomarkers, predominantly circulating molecules which were assessed as part of routine clinical care. Meta-analysis was performed on twelve eligible biomarkers. No significant association between any of the assessed biomarkers and AVF failure was observed. CONCLUSION This paper is the first systematic review of biomarkers associated with AVF failure. Our results suggest that blood markers currently assessed do not identify an at-risk AVF. Further, rigorously designed studies assessing biological plausible biomarkers are needed to clarify whether assessment of circulating markers can be of any clinical value. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016033845.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K. Morton
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Alexander J. Rodríguez
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Bone and Muscle Health Research Group, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dylan R. Morris
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Abhishta P. Bhandari
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Joseph V. Moxon
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Morris DR, Cunningham MA, Ahimastos AA, Kingwell BA, Pappas E, Bourke M, Reid CM, Stijnen T, Dalman RL, Aalami OO, Lindeman JH, Norman PE, Walker PJ, Fitridge R, Bourke B, Dear AE, Pinchbeck J, Jaeggi R, Golledge J. Erratum to: 'TElmisartan in the management of abDominal aortic aneurYsm (TEDY): The study protocol for a randomized controlled trial'. Trials 2016; 17:43. [PMID: 26791257 PMCID: PMC4721016 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Morris
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Anna A Ahimastos
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute and The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute and The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elise Pappas
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Bourke
- Gosford Vascular Services, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Theo Stijnen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald L Dalman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oliver O Aalami
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan H Lindeman
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul E Norman
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Philip J Walker
- University of Queensland School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery and Centre for Clinical Research, and Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Fitridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bernie Bourke
- Gosford Vascular Services, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony E Dear
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jenna Pinchbeck
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Rene Jaeggi
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. .,The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
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19
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Nsengiyumva V, Fernando ME, Moxon JV, Krishna SM, Pinchbeck J, Omer SM, Morris DR, Jones RE, Moran CS, Seto SW, Golledge J. The association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with peripheral arterial disease: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:645-51. [PMID: 26554715 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association of vitamin D deficiency with cardiovascular disease is controversial. The present meta-analysis was performed to examine if circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were lower in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) when compared to non-PAD controls. METHODS A comprehensive database search was conducted in Web of science, Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library to identify observational studies reporting 25(OH)D concentrations in PAD patients and non-PAD participants. Data extraction and study quality assessments were conducted independently. A random-effects model was used to meta-analyse extracted data and generate standardized mean differences (SMDs) in circulating 25(OH)D levels between PAD patients and non-PAD controls. Subgroup analyses were conducted focussing on patients presenting with intermittent claudication (IC) and critical limb ischaemia (CLI). RESULTS Six case-control studies assessing 6418 individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two studies were considered to be of moderate methodological quality and four were considered to be of high quality. A meta-analysis of data from 1217 PAD patients and 5201 non-PAD participants showed that circulating 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in PAD patients compared with non-PAD participants (SMD = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.58, -0.05; P = 0.02). Subgroup analyses showed that 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower among PAD patients with CLI, but not IC, when compared to non-PAD controls (SMD = -1.29, 95% CI: -1.66, -0.91; P < 0.001 and SMD = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.15, 0.13; P=0.88, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that low levels of circulating 25(OH)D are associated with PAD presence, particularly in patients presenting with CLI. These data suggest the possibility that vitamin D insufficiency may contribute to the development of more advanced PAD although this remains to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianne Nsengiyumva
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Arterial Diseases, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Malindu E Fernando
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Arterial Diseases, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph V Moxon
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Arterial Diseases, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Smriti M Krishna
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Arterial Diseases, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenna Pinchbeck
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Arterial Diseases, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Safraz M Omer
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Arterial Diseases, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Dylan R Morris
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Arterial Diseases, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Rhondda E Jones
- Division of Medicine, Health and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Arterial Diseases, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sai W Seto
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Arterial Diseases, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
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20
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Ng E, Morris DR, Golledge J. The association between plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentration and endoleak after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair: A meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:535-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Morris DR, Cunningham MA, Ahimastos AA, Kingwell BA, Pappas E, Bourke M, Reid CM, Stijnen T, Dalman RL, Aalami OO, Lindeman JH, Norman PE, Walker PJ, Fitridge R, Bourke B, Dear AE, Pinchbeck J, Jaeggi R, Golledge J. TElmisartan in the management of abDominal aortic aneurYsm (TEDY): The study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:274. [PMID: 26081587 PMCID: PMC4482315 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies suggest that angiotensin II plays a central role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of the angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan in limiting the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm. METHODS/DESIGN Telmisartan in the management of abdominal aortic aneurysm (TEDY) is a multicentre, parallel-design, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an intention-to-treat analysis. We aim to randomly assign 300 participants with small abdominal aortic aneurysm to either 40 mg of telmisartan or identical placebo and follow patients over 2 years. The primary endpoint will be abdominal aortic aneurysm growth as measured by 1) maximum infra-renal aortic volume on computed tomographic angiography, 2) maximum orthogonal diameter on computed tomographic angiography, and 3) maximum diameter on ultrasound. Secondary endpoints include change in resting brachial blood pressure, abdominal aortic aneurysm biomarker profile and health-related quality of life. TEDY is an international collaboration conducted from major vascular centres in Australia, the United States and the Netherlands. DISCUSSION Currently, no medication has been convincingly demonstrated to limit abdominal aortic aneurysm progression. TEDY will examine the potential of a promising treatment strategy for patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysms. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and Leiden study centres: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611000931976 , registered on 30 August 2011; Stanford study centre: clinicaltrials.gov NCT01683084 , registered on 5 September 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Morris
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | | | - Anna A Ahimastos
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute and The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute and The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Elise Pappas
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | - Michael Bourke
- Gosford Vascular Services, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Theo Stijnen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald L Dalman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Oliver O Aalami
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jan H Lindeman
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul E Norman
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Philip J Walker
- University of Queensland School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery and Centre for Clinical Research, and Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Robert Fitridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Bernie Bourke
- Gosford Vascular Services, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Anthony E Dear
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jenna Pinchbeck
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | - Rene Jaeggi
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
- The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
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22
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Morris DR, Moxon JV, Golledge J. Letter by Morris et al Regarding Article, "Improved Quality of Life After 1 Year With an Invasive Versus a Noninvasive Treatment Strategy in Claudicants: One-Year Results of the Invasive Revascularization or Not in Intermittent Claudication (IRONIC) Trial". Circulation 2015; 131:e508. [PMID: 26015470 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Morris
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Joseph V Moxon
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
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Gresle MM, Liu Y, Dagley LF, Haartsen J, Pearson F, Purcell AW, Laverick L, Petzold A, Lucas RM, Van der Walt A, Prime H, Morris DR, Taylor BV, Shaw G, Butzkueven H. Serum phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy chain levels in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:1209-13. [PMID: 24639436 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-306789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether the measurement of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNF-H) titre is likely to be a valid biomarker of axonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Serum pNF-H concentrations were measured by ELISA in cases with relapsing-remitting (RR)-MS (n=81), secondary progressive (SP) MS (n=13) and primary progressive (PP)-MS; n=6) MS; first demyelinating event (FDE; n=82); and unaffected controls (n=135). A subset of MS cases (n=45) were re-sampled on one or multiple occasions. The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) and MRI measures were used to evaluate associations between serum pNF-H status, disease severity and cerebral lesion load and activity. RESULTS We confirmed the presence of pNF-H peptides in serum by ELISA. We showed that a high serum pNF-H titre was detectable in 9% of RR-MS and FDE cases, and 38.5% of SP-MS cases. Patients with a high serum pNF-H titre had higher average MSSS scores and T2 lesion volumes than patients with a low serum pNF-H titre. Repeated sampling of a subset of MS cases showed that pNF-H levels can fluctuate over time, likely reflecting temporal dynamics of axonal injury in MS. CONCLUSIONS A subset of FDE/MS cases was found to have a high serum pNF-H titre, and this was associated with changes in clinical outcome measures. We propose that routine measurement of serum pNF-H should be further investigated for monitoring axonal injury in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Gresle
- The Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L F Dagley
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Haartsen
- Eastern Clinical Research Unit Box-Hill Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Pearson
- Eastern Clinical Research Unit Box-Hill Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - A W Purcell
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Laverick
- The Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Petzold
- Department of Neuroimmunology, UCL institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - R M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - A Van der Walt
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Prime
- Eastern Clinical Research Unit Box-Hill Hospital, Victoria, Australia MRI services, MIA, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - D R Morris
- The Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - B V Taylor
- The Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - G Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA EnCor Biotechnology Inc. Gainesville, Florida
| | - H Butzkueven
- The Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Eastern Clinical Research Unit Box-Hill Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Moxon JV, Liu D, Moran CS, Crossman DJ, Krishna SM, Yonglitthipagon P, Emeto TI, Morris DR, Padula MP, Mulvenna JP, Rush CM, Golledge J. Proteomic and genomic analyses suggest the association of apolipoprotein C1 with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:762-72. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph V. Moxon
- Vascular Biology Unit; Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease; School of Medicine and Dentistry; James Cook University; Townsville Australia
| | - Dawei Liu
- Vascular Biology Unit; Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease; School of Medicine and Dentistry; James Cook University; Townsville Australia
| | - Corey S. Moran
- Vascular Biology Unit; Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease; School of Medicine and Dentistry; James Cook University; Townsville Australia
| | - David J. Crossman
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences; Department of Physiology; the University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Smriti M. Krishna
- Vascular Biology Unit; Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease; School of Medicine and Dentistry; James Cook University; Townsville Australia
| | | | - Theophilus I. Emeto
- Vascular Biology Unit; Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease; School of Medicine and Dentistry; James Cook University; Townsville Australia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department; School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Australia
| | - Dylan R. Morris
- Vascular Biology Unit; Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease; School of Medicine and Dentistry; James Cook University; Townsville Australia
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility; University of Technology; Sydney Australia
| | - Jason P. Mulvenna
- Infectious Disease and Cancer; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; Brisbane Australia
| | - Catherine M. Rush
- Vascular Biology Unit; Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease; School of Medicine and Dentistry; James Cook University; Townsville Australia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department; School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Vascular Biology Unit; Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease; School of Medicine and Dentistry; James Cook University; Townsville Australia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery; The Townsville Hospital; Townsville Australia
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25
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Morris DR, Rodriguez AJ, Moxon JV, Cunningham MA, McDermott MM, Myers J, Leeper NJ, Jones RE, Golledge J. Association of lower extremity performance with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:jah3642. [PMID: 25122666 PMCID: PMC4310407 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with impaired mobility and a high rate of mortality. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether reduced lower extremity performance was associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality in people with PAD. Methods and Results A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted. Studies assessing the association between measures of lower extremity performance and cardiovascular or all‐cause mortality in PAD patients were included. A meta‐analysis was conducted combining data from commonly assessed performance tests. The 10 identified studies assessed lower extremity performance by strength tests, treadmill walking performance, 6‐minute walk, walking velocity, and walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ). A meta‐analysis revealed that shorter maximum walking distance was associated with increased 5‐year cardiovascular (unadjusted RR=2.54, 95% CI 1.86 to 3.47, P<10−5, n=1577, fixed effects) and all‐cause mortality (unadjusted RR=2.23 95% CI 1.85 to 2.69, P<10−5, n=1710, fixed effects). Slower 4‐metre walking velocity, a lower WIQ stair‐climbing score, and poor hip extension, knee flexion, and plantar flexion strength were also associated with increased mortality. No significant associations were found for hip flexion strength, WIQ distance score, or WIQ speed score with mortality. Conclusions A number of lower extremity performance measures are prognostic markers for mortality in PAD and may be useful clinical tools for identifying patients at higher risk of death. Further studies are needed to determine whether interventions that improve measures of lower extremity performance reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Morris
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (D.R.M., A.J.R., J.V.M., J.G.)
| | - Alexander J Rodriguez
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (D.R.M., A.J.R., J.V.M., J.G.)
| | - Joseph V Moxon
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (D.R.M., A.J.R., J.V.M., J.G.)
| | | | - Mary M McDermott
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA (M.M.M.D.)
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (J.M.)
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Rhondda E Jones
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (R.E.J.)
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (D.R.M., A.J.R., J.V.M., J.G.) Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia (J.G.)
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Khosla S, Morris DR, Moxon JV, Walker PJ, Gasser TC, Golledge J. Meta-analysis of peak wall stress in ruptured, symptomatic and intact abdominal aortic aneurysms. Br J Surg 2014; 101:1350-7; discussion 1357. [PMID: 25131598 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an important cause of sudden death; however, there are currently incomplete means to predict the risk of AAA rupture. AAA peak wall stress (PWS) can be estimated using finite element analysis (FEA) methods from computed tomography (CT) scans. The question is whether AAA PWS can predict AAA rupture. The aim of this systematic review was to compare PWS in patients with ruptured and intact AAA. METHODS The MEDLINE database was searched on 25 May 2013. Case-control studies assessing PWS in asymptomatic intact, and acutely symptomatic or ruptured AAA from CT scans using FEA were included. Data were extracted independently. A random-effects model was used to calculate standard mean differences (SMDs) for PWS measurements. RESULTS Nine studies assessing 348 individuals were identified and used in the meta-analysis. Results from 204 asymptomatic intact and 144 symptomatic or ruptured AAAs showed that PWS was significantly greater in the symptomatic/ ruptured AAAs compared with the asymptomatic intact AAAs (SMD 0·95, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·71 to 1·18; P < 0·001). The findings remained significant after adjustment for mean systolic blood pressure, standardized at 120 mmHg (SMD 0·68, 0·39 to 0·96; P < 0·001). Minimal heterogeneity between studies was noted (I(2) = 0 per cent). CONCLUSION This study suggests that PWS is greater in symptomatic or ruptured AAA than in asymptomatic intact AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khosla
- Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Sahebkar A, Morris DR, Biros E, Golledge J. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 with the risk of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res 2013; 132:227-33. [PMID: 23906939 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) gene have been proposed as predisposing factors for myocardial infarction (MI) but published reports have given conflicting findings. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to clarify the association between SNPs in PECAM-1 and MI using a meta-analysis of published studies. METHODS Medline, HuGE Navigator and SCOPUS Library databases were searched to identify case-control studies which examined the association of SNPs in PECAM-1 and MI. Data were extracted using standardized methods. Combined odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of SNPs with MI were calculated using a random effect approach and under additive, dominant and recessive models of inheritance. RESULTS A total of 7 studies comprising 3886 cases and 4097 controls fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Three SNPs in PECAM-1 were investigated, namely rs668 (Leu125Val), rs12953 (Ser563Asn) and rs1131012 (Arg670Gly). The GG genotype of rs1131012 was associated with a reduced risk of MI under a recessive (OR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.69-0.94; p=0.010), but not additive and dominant models (p>0.05). This association was robust in sensitivity analyses and not subject to heterogeneity. No significant association was detected between rs668 and rs12953 with MI under any of the inheritance models. CONCLUSION The results of the current meta-analysis suggest that homozygous polymorphic genotype (GG) of the rs1131012 SNP may confer protection against MI. The impact of this variant on the expression and function of PECAM-1 needs to be elucidated in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Morris DR, Biros E, Cronin O, Kuivaniemi H, Golledge J. The association of genetic variants of matrix metalloproteinases with abdominal aortic aneurysm: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2013; 100:295-302. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Morris DR, Moxon JV, Biros E, Krishna SM, Golledge J. Meta-analysis of the association between transforming growth factor-beta polymorphisms and complications of coronary heart disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37878. [PMID: 22662243 PMCID: PMC3360665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between common transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and significant complications of coronary heart disease (CHD). Method We performed a meta-analysis of published case-control studies assessing the association of TGF-β SNPs with a range of CHD complications. A random effects model was used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals. Analyses were conducted for additive, dominant and recessive modes of inheritance. Results Six studies involving 5535 cases and 2970 controls examining the association of common SNPs in TGF-β1 with CHD were identified. Applying a dominant model of inheritance, three TGF-β1 SNPs were significantly associated with CHD complications: The T alleles of rs1800469 (OR = 1.125, 95% CI 1.016–1.247, p = 0.031) and rs1800470 (OR = 1.146, 95% CI 1.026–1.279, p = 0.021); and the C allele of rs1800471 (OR = 1.207, 95% CI 1.037–1.406, p = 0.021). Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that common genetic polymorphisms in TGF-β1 are associated with complications of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R. Morris
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Joseph V. Moxon
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Erik Biros
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Smriti M. Krishna
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- * E-mail:
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LaFramboise WA, Petrosko P, Krill-Burger JM, Morris DR, McCoy AR, Scalise D, Malehorn DE, Guthrie RD, Becich MJ, Dhir R. Proteins secreted by embryonic stem cells activate cardiomyocytes through ligand binding pathways. J Proteomics 2010; 73:992-1003. [PMID: 20045494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) underlie embryogenesis but paracrine signals associated with the process are unknown. This study was designed to 1) profile native proteins secreted by undifferentiated hESC and 2) determine their biological effects on primary neonatal cardiomyocytes. We utilized multi-analyte, immunochemical assays to characterize media conditioned by undifferentiated hESC versus unconditioned media. Expression profiling was performed on cardiomyocytes subjected to these different media conditions and altered transcripts were mapped to critical pathways. Thirty-two of 109 proteins were significantly elevated in conditioned media ranging in concentration from thrombospondin (57.2+/-5.0 ng/ml) to nerve growth factor (7.4+/-1.2pg/ml) and comprising chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and proteins involved in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling. Conditioned media induced karyokinesis, cytokinesis and proliferation in mono- and binucleate cardiomyocytes. Pathway analysis revealed comprehensive activation of the ROCK 1 and 2 G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway associated with cytokinesis, and the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and JAK/STAT-cytokine pathway involved in cell cycle progression. These results provide a partial database of proteins secreted by pluripotent hESC that potentiate cell division in cardiomyocytes via a paracrine mechanism suggesting a potential role for these stem cell factors in cardiogenesis and cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A LaFramboise
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Shadyside Hospital, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, United States.
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Schneider R, Agol VI, Andino R, Bayard F, Cavener DR, Chappell SA, Chen JJ, Darlix JL, Dasgupta A, Donzé O, Duncan R, Elroy-Stein O, Farabaugh PJ, Filipowicz W, Gale M, Gehrke L, Goldman E, Groner Y, Harford JB, Hatzglou M, He B, Hellen CU, Hentze MW, Hershey J, Hershey P, Hohn T, Holcik M, Hunter CP, Igarashi K, Jackson R, Jagus R, Jefferson LS, Joshi B, Kaempfer R, Katze M, Kaufman RJ, Kiledjian M, Kimball SR, Kimchi A, Kirkegaard K, Koromilas AE, Krug RM, Kruys V, Lamphear BJ, Lemon S, Lloyd RE, Maquat LE, Martinez-Salas E, Mathews MB, Mauro VP, Miyamoto S, Mohr I, Morris DR, Moss EG, Nakashima N, Palmenberg A, Parkin NT, Pe'ery T, Pelletier J, Peltz S, Pestova TV, Pilipenko EV, Prats AC, Racaniello V, Read GS, Rhoads RE, Richter JD, Rivera-Pomar R, Rouault T, Sachs A, Sarnow P, Scheper GC, Schiff L, Schoenberg DR, Semler BL, Siddiqui A, Skern T, Sonenberg N, Sossin W, Standart N, Tahara SM, Thomas AA, Toulmé JJ, Wilusz J, Wimmer E, Witherell G, Wormington M. New ways of initiating translation in eukaryotes. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:8238-46. [PMID: 11710333 PMCID: PMC99989 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.23.8238-8246.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Law GL, Raney A, Heusner C, Morris DR. Polyamine regulation of ribosome pausing at the upstream open reading frame of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:38036-43. [PMID: 11489903 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105944200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC), a key regulated enzyme in the pathway of polyamine biosynthesis, is feedback-controlled at the level of translation by spermidine and spermine. The peptide product of an upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the mRNA is solely responsible for polyamine regulation of AdoMetDC translation. Using a primer extension inhibition assay and in vitro protein synthesis reactions, we found ribosomes paused at or close to the termination codon of the uORF. This pause was greatly diminished with the altered uORFs' sequences that abolish uORF regulation in vivo. The half-life of the ribosome pause was related to the concentration of polyamines present but was unaffected by magnesium concentration. Furthermore, inhibition of translation initiation at a reporter gene placed downstream of the AdoMetDC uORF directly correlated with the stability of the ribosome pause at the uORF. These observations are consistent with a model in which regulation of ribosome pausing at the uORF by polyamines controls ribosome access to the downstream AdoMetDC reading frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Law
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-7350, USA
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Abstract
A 17 kDa polypeptide found in association with actin in cellular extracts of Dictyostelium discoideum was identified as a proteolytic fragment of eEF1beta. Antibody elicited against the 17 kDa protein reacted with a single 29 kDa polypeptide in Dictyostelium, indicating that the 17 kDa peptide arises from degradation of a larger precursor. The cDNA isolated from a Dictyostelium library using this antibody as a probe encodes Dictyostelium elongation factor 1beta. Amino acid degradation of the 17 kDa protein fragment confirmed the identity of the protein as eEF1beta. Direct interaction of eEF1beta with actin in vitro was further demonstrated in mixtures of actin with the 17 kDa protein fragment of Dictyostelium eEF1beta, recombinant preparations of Dictyostelium eEF1beta expressed in Escherichia coli, and the intact eEF1betagamma complex purified from wheat germ. Localization of eEF1beta in Dictyostelium by immunofluorescence microscopy reveals both diffuse cytoplasmic staining, and some concentration in the cortical and hyaline cytoplasm. The results support the existence of physical and functional interactions of the translation apparatus with the cytoskeleton, and suggest that eEF1beta may function in a dual role both to promote the elongation phase of protein synthesis, and to interact with cytoplasmic actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Furukawa
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, 724 Biological Science Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Abstract
In mammals, control of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) translation is one component of a feedback network that regulates intracellular levels of the polyamines, spermidine, and spermine. AdoMetDC mRNA from mammals contains a highly conserved upstream open reading frame (uORF) within its leader sequence that confers polyamine-regulated suppression of translation on the associated downstream cistron. This regulation is mediated through an interaction that depends on the amino acid sequence of the uORF-encoded hexapeptide. It remains to be shown whether polyamines participate directly in this interaction or indirectly through a specialized signal transduction pathway. We show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not have a uORF associated with its AdoMetDC gene (SPE2) and that ribosome loading on the SPE2 mRNA is not positively influenced by polyamine depletion, as it is in mammalian cells. Nevertheless, the mammalian AdoMetDC uORF, when introduced into a polyamine auxotroph of yeast, conferred polyamine regulation of both translational efficiency and ribosome loading on the associated mRNA. This regulatory activity depended on the amino acid sequence encoded by the fourth and fifth codons of the uORF, as in mammalian cells. The fact that the regulatory properties of this mammalian translational control element are quite similar in both mammalian and yeast cells suggests that a specialized signal transduction pathway is not required. Rather, it seems likely that polyamines may be directly participating in an interaction between the uORF-encoded peptide and a constitutive component of the translation machinery, which leads to inhibition of ribosome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Mize
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7350, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Morris
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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Raney A, Baron AC, Mize GJ, Law GL, Morris DR. In vitro translation of the upstream open reading frame in the mammalian mRNA encoding S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:24444-50. [PMID: 10829027 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003364200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the mRNA encoding S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is a polyamine-responsive element that suppresses translation of the associated downstream cistron in vivo. In this paper, we provide the first direct evidence of peptide synthesis from the S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase uORF using an in vitro translation system. We examine both the influence of cation concentration on peptide synthesis and the effect of altering the uORF sequence on peptide synthesis. Synthesis of wild type and altered peptides was similar at all concentrations of magnesium tested. In contrast, synthesis of the wild type peptide was more sensitive than that of altered peptides to elevated concentrations of the naturally occurring polyamines, spermidine and spermine, as well as several polyamine analogs. The sensitivity of in vitro synthesis to spermidine was influenced by both the amino acid sequence and the length of the peptide product of the uORF. Findings from the present study correlate with the effects of the uORF and polyamines on translation of a downstream cistron in vivo and support the hypothesis that polyamines and the structure of the nascent peptide create a rate-limiting step in uORF translation, perhaps through a ribosome stalling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, USA
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Abstract
Overexpression of oncoprotein MDM2 has been found in a significant number of human soft tissue tumors. In a subset of these tumors, overexpression is a result of enhanced translation of mdm2 mRNA. There are two transcripts from the mdm2 gene that differ only in their 5' leaders: a long form (L-mdm2) and a short form (S-mdm2) that arise from the use of different promoters. L-mdm2 mRNA contains two upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and this mRNA was loaded with ribosomes inefficiently in comparison with S-mdm2. The 5' leader of L-mdm2 was sufficient to transfer translational repression to a reporter gene and the two uORFs acted synergistically to achieve full suppression. In contrast, the 5' leader of S-mdm2 allowed efficient translation of an attached reporter gene in the tumor cells. These results are consistent with a model in which overexpression of MDM2 in certain tumors results from a change in mRNA structure due to a switch in promoter usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA 98195-7350, USA
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Abstract
Technological advances over the past 10 years have generated powerful tools for parallel analysis of complex biological problems. Among these new technologies, DNA arrays have provided an important experimental approach for identifying changes in the levels of individual mRNA molecules during important cellular transitions. However, cellular behavior is dictated not by mRNA levels, but by the proteins translated from the individual mRNA species. We report a high-throughput method for simultaneously monitoring the translation state and level of individual mRNA species. Messenger RNAs from resting and mitogenically activated fibroblasts were separated, according to degree of ribosome loading, into well-translated and under-translated pools. cDNA probes generated from these fractions were used to interrogate cDNA arrays. Among approximately 1,200 genes analyzed, less than 1% were found to be translationally regulated in response to mitogenic activation, demonstrating the strong selectivity of this regulatory mechanism. This high-throughput approach is shown to be an effective tool for superimposing translation profile on mRNA level for large numbers of genes, as well as for identifying translationally regulated genes for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zong
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7350, USA
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Link AJ, Eng J, Schieltz DM, Carmack E, Mize GJ, Morris DR, Garvik BM, Yates JR. Direct analysis of protein complexes using mass spectrometry. Nat Biotechnol 1999; 17:676-82. [PMID: 10404161 DOI: 10.1038/10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1539] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe a rapid, sensitive process for comprehensively identifying proteins in macromolecular complexes that uses multidimensional liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to separate and fragment peptides. The SEQUEST algorithm, relying upon translated genomic sequences, infers amino acid sequences from the fragment ions. The method was applied to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosome leading to the identification of a novel protein component of the yeast and human 40S subunit. By offering the ability to identify >100 proteins in a single run, this process enables components in even the largest macromolecular complexes to be analyzed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Link
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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Abstract
The product of the Wilm's tumor suppressor gene, WT1, is a zinc-finger DNA-binding protein, which is thought to be a transcription factor. Two genes, those encoding epidermal growth factor receptor and syndecan-1, are known to be endogenous targets of WT1. Previous studies had identified binding sites for WT1 in the promoter of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene. In this paper, we tested whether the endogenous ODC gene might be a target of WT1 by establishing lines of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells that expressed WT1 isoform A under control of a tetracycline-regulated expression system. When expression of WT1 was activated in BHK cells, the cellular level of ODC mRNA declined, with kinetics that correlated with the increase in WT1 level, demonstrating that the endogenous ODC gene was indeed responsive to cellular level of WT1. WT1 isoforms A and B inhibited the activity of the ODC promoter by approximately fivefold in transiently transfected BHK cells, while isoforms C and D, which have altered DNA binding domains, had no significant effect. The sequence CTCCCCCGC, located at nucleotides -106 to -98 relative to the site of transcriptional initiation in the ODC gene, interacted with the zinc-finger domain of isoforms A and B of WT1 with high affinity and specificity. A mutation in the binding site that disrupted this interaction partially removed the inhibition of ODC promoter activity by WT1, as did mutation of the two E-box sequences in intron I of the ODC gene. Simultaneous mutation of the WT1-binding motif and the two E-boxes completely abolished inhibition by WT1 of ODC promoter activity. These results, taken together, implicate the ODC gene as a downstream target of the tumor suppressor WT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
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Mize GJ, Ruan H, Low JJ, Morris DR. The inhibitory upstream open reading frame from mammalian S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase mRNA has a strict sequence specificity in critical positions. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:32500-5. [PMID: 9829983 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.49.32500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the 5' leader of the mammalian mRNA encoding S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) serves as a negative regulatory element by suppressing translation of the associated downstream cistron. Certain changes in the amino acid sequence of the hexapeptide (sequence MAGDIS) encoded by the uORF destroy suppressive activity, implying specific interaction with a cellular target. In this paper, we examine the extent of alterations that can be tolerated in this uORF. The mammalian AdoMetDC uORF inhibits downstream translation when placed into the 5' leader of a yeast mRNA with characteristics resembling those in mammalian cells, suggesting that the encoded peptide has a similar target across species. Using yeast for the initial screen, we tested the specificity of the critical three codons at the 3' end of the uORF by saturation mutagenesis. Altered uORFs selected from the primary yeast screen were then retested in mammalian cells. The requirements at codons 4 and 5 were quite stringent; only aspartic acid at codon 4 yielded a fully suppressive peptide, and only valine could substitute productively for isoleucine at codon 5. The specificity at codon 6 was much looser, with many substitutions retaining suppressive activity in both yeast and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Mize
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, USA
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Law GL, Itoh H, Law DJ, Mize GJ, Merchant JL, Morris DR. Transcription factor ZBP-89 regulates the activity of the ornithine decarboxylase promoter. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:19955-64. [PMID: 9685330 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.32.19955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate cellular levels of polyamines are required for cell growth and differentiation. Ornithine decarboxylase is a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, and precise regulation of the expression of this enzyme is required, according to cellular growth state. A variety of mitogens increase the level of ornithine decarboxylase activity, and, in most cases, this elevation is due to increased levels of mRNA. A GC box in the proximal promoter of the ornithine decarboxylase gene is required for basal and induced transcriptional activity, and two proteins, Sp1 and NF-ODC1, bind to this region in a mutually exclusive manner. Using a yeast one-hybrid screening method, ZBP-89, a DNA-binding protein, was identified as a candidate for the protein responsible for NF-ODC1 binding activity. Three lines of evidence verified this identification; ZBP-89 copurified with NF-ODC1 binding activity, ZBP-89 antibodies specifically abolished NF-ODC1 binding to the GC box, and binding affinities of 12 different double-stranded oligonucleotides were indistinguishable between NF-ODC1, in nuclear extract, and in vitro translated ZBP-89. ZBP-89 inhibited the activation of the ornithine decarboxylase promoter by Sp1 in Schneider's Drosophila line 2, consistent with properties previously attributed to NF-ODC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Law
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Morris DR. Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda. Scalpel Tongs 1998; 42:29-31. [PMID: 11619931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Abstract
The biological consequences of radiation leukaemia virus (RadLV) infection include the stimulation of H-2 antigen expression soon after injection of the virus. Early studies demonstrated that resistance to RadLV-induced leukaemia in certain mouse strains is mediated by genes in the H-2D region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Recent studies have shown that elevated H-2Dd expression on the thymocyte cell surface of resistance mouse strains results from increased mRNA transcription and is correlated with elevated levels of a DNA-binding activity that recognizes a short DNA sequence 5' of the start of transcription for the H-2Dd gene. This binding activity has been termed H-2 binding factor 1 (H-2 BF1) and is found exclusively in the thymus. In an effort to examine the H-2 genes of RadLV-susceptible mice for the presence of the H-2 BF1 binding target, we have cloned class I genes from the highly susceptible B10.S mouse strain and have identified both the Ds and the Ks genes. The entire genomic sequence for the Ds gene has been determined and is reported here. In addition, the 5' regulatory region of the previously cloned Dq gene has been sequenced; mice of the Dq haplotype are also susceptible to RadLV-induced leukaemia. In this report, we show that the H-2 BF1 DNA binding sequence is present 5' of each of these three class I genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Brown
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA
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Ruan H, Shantz LM, Pegg AE, Morris DR. The upstream open reading frame of the mRNA encoding S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is a polyamine-responsive translational control element. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:29576-82. [PMID: 8939886 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.47.29576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is a key enzyme in the pathway of polyamine biosynthesis. The cellular levels of the polyamines specifically regulate AdoMetDC translation through the 5'-leader of the mRNA, which contains a small upstream open reading frame (uORF) 14 nucleotides from the cap. Mutating the initiation codon of the uORF, which encodes a peptide product with the sequence MAGDIS, abolished regulation. In addition, the uORF is sufficient, by itself, to provide polyamine regulation when inserted into the 5'-leader of the human growth hormone mRNA. Changing the amino acid sequence at the carboxyl terminus of the peptide product of the uORF abolished polyamine regulation. In contrast, altering the nucleotide sequence of the uORF at degenerate positions, without changing the amino acid sequence of the peptide, did not affect regulation. Extending the distance between cap and uORF, thereby changing the rate of initiation at the initiator AUG of the uORF, did not alter polyamine regulation. When the uORF was extended so as to overlap, out of frame, the downstream major cistron, polyamine regulation was abolished. We propose that polyamines do not modulate the rate of recognition of the uORF but rather regulate interaction of the peptide product of the uORF with its target.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Morris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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Chatta GS, Spies AG, Chang S, Mize GJ, Linsley PS, Ledbetter JA, Morris DR. Differential regulation of proto-oncogenes c-jun and c-fos in T lymphocytes activated through CD28. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.153.12.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The T cell surface molecule CD28 binds to ligands on accessory cells and APCs, playing an important costimulatory role in the response of T cells to Ags. Our knowledge of the intracellular signaling pathways coupled to this receptor is incomplete. In addition to activation of phospholipase C gamma 1, ligation of this receptor also seems to activate a calcium-independent, CD28-specific pathway. In this paper, we report that cross-linking of CD28 (but not CD2, CD5, LFA-1, or CD7) leads to an elevation of c-jun mRNA, with only minimal activation of c-fos expression. CD28-dependent induction of c-jun expression requires protein tyrosine kinase activity, but does not depend on activation of a phorbol ester-responsive protein kinase C or elevation of cytosolic calcium. Furthermore, CD28-dependent elevation of c-jun mRNA does not appear to be mediated at the level of mRNA stability. A mechanism is suggested whereby expression of c-jun and junB, in the absence of members of the fos family, can prevent inappropriate activation of T cells caused by ligation of CD28 in the absence of a specific antigenic stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Chatta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | - A G Spies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | - S Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | - G J Mize
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | - P S Linsley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | - J A Ledbetter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | - D R Morris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Chatta GS, Spies AG, Chang S, Mize GJ, Linsley PS, Ledbetter JA, Morris DR. Differential regulation of proto-oncogenes c-jun and c-fos in T lymphocytes activated through CD28. J Immunol 1994; 153:5393-401. [PMID: 7989745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The T cell surface molecule CD28 binds to ligands on accessory cells and APCs, playing an important costimulatory role in the response of T cells to Ags. Our knowledge of the intracellular signaling pathways coupled to this receptor is incomplete. In addition to activation of phospholipase C gamma 1, ligation of this receptor also seems to activate a calcium-independent, CD28-specific pathway. In this paper, we report that cross-linking of CD28 (but not CD2, CD5, LFA-1, or CD7) leads to an elevation of c-jun mRNA, with only minimal activation of c-fos expression. CD28-dependent induction of c-jun expression requires protein tyrosine kinase activity, but does not depend on activation of a phorbol ester-responsive protein kinase C or elevation of cytosolic calcium. Furthermore, CD28-dependent elevation of c-jun mRNA does not appear to be mediated at the level of mRNA stability. A mechanism is suggested whereby expression of c-jun and junB, in the absence of members of the fos family, can prevent inappropriate activation of T cells caused by ligation of CD28 in the absence of a specific antigenic stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Chatta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Ruan H, Hill JR, Fatemie-Nainie S, Morris DR. Cell-specific translational regulation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase mRNA. Influence of the structure of the 5' transcript leader on regulation by the upstream open reading frame. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:17905-10. [PMID: 8027046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A small upstream open reading frame (uORF), located 14 nucleotides from the cap in the 5' transcript leader (5' TL) of the mRNA encoding S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC), suppresses translation of the downstream cistron in normal T cells and T cell lines. In the present study, we examined the structural features of the 5' TL that overcome this suppressive influence in cells of nonlymphoid origin. Initiation at the downstream cistron in nonlymphoid cells is by a cap-dependent mechanism that requires ribosome scanning along the 5' TL and does not involve an internal ribosome entry site. Extending the uORF so that it overlapped the major cistron by 101 nucleotides had no effect on translation of the downstream cistron in either HeLa or Jurkat cells. When the distance between the uORF and the cap was extended to 47 nucleotides, using sequence previously found to be neutral, translation of the major cistron was inhibited 5-fold in HeLa cells and the mRNA was moved from polysomes to monosomes, a location identical to that of the wild type mRNA in Jurkat cells. Therefore, in contrast to T cells, initiation at the uORF seems to be relatively infrequent in non-lymphoid cells due to its proximity to the cap, allowing efficient translation of the downstream cistron.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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50
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Abstract
Heparin is a potent inhibitor of the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. This agent selectively inhibits the transcription of tissue-type plasminogen activator and interstitial collagenase, probably by decreasing the binding of activator protein-1 (AP-1) to phorbol ester-responsive elements in the promoters of these genes. Decreased AP-1 binding is not due to a direct inhibition by heparin, since heparinase digestion of nuclear extracts prepared from heparin-treated smooth muscle cells does not restore AP-1 binding activity. Treatment of cells with heparin suppresses the expression of Jun B, one of the components of AP-1. The major effect of heparin is at the level of posttranslational modification of Jun B. Results from pulse-chase labeling experiments show that the newly synthesized Jun B is rapidly converted to a higher-molecular-weight form and that conversion is suppressed by heparin. Evidence is presented suggesting that the heparin-inhibited event is phosphorylation of Jun B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Au
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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