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Westphal LP, Widmer R, Held U, Steigmiller K, Hametner C, Ringleb P, Curtze S, Martinez-Majander N, Tiainen M, Nolte CH, Scheitz JF, Erdur H, Polymeris AA, Traenka C, Eskandari A, Michel P, Heldner MR, Arnold M, Zini A, Vandelli L, Coutinho JM, Groot AE, Padjen V, Jovanovic DR, Bejot Y, Brenière C, Turc G, Seners P, Pezzini A, Magoni M, Leys D, Gilliot S, Scherrer MJ, Kägi G, Luft AR, Gensicke H, Nederkoorn P, Tatlisumak T, Engelter ST, Wegener S. Association of prestroke metformin use, stroke severity, and thrombolysis outcome. Neurology 2020; 95:e362-e373. [PMID: 32601121 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether pretreatment with metformin (MET) is associated with less stroke severity and better outcome after IV thrombolysis (IVT), we analyzed a cohort of 1,919 patients with stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a multicenter exploratory analysis. METHODS Data from patients with diabetes and ischemic stroke treated with IVT were collected within the European Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaboration. We applied propensity score matching (PSM) to obtain balanced baseline characteristics of patients treated with and without MET. RESULTS Of 1,919 patients with stroke with type 2 diabetes who underwent IVT, 757 (39%) had received MET before stroke (MET+), whereas 1,162 (61%) had not (MET-). MET+ patients were younger with a male preponderance. Hypercholesterolemia and pretreatment with statins, antiplatelets, or antihypertensives were more common in the MET+ group. After PSM, the 2 groups were well balanced with respect to demographic and clinical aspects. Stroke severity on admission (NIH Stroke Scale 10.0 ± 6.7 vs 11.3 ± 6.5), 3-month degree of independence on modified Rankin Scale (2 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.0-4.0] vs 3 [IQR 1.0-4.0]), as well as mortality (12.5% vs 18%) were significantly lower in the MET+ group. The frequency of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages did not differ between groups. HbA1c levels were well-balanced between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with stroke and diabetes on treatment with MET receiving IVT had less severe strokes on admission and a better functional outcome at 3 months. This suggests a protective effect of MET resulting in less severe strokes as well as beneficial thrombolysis outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Westphal
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roni Widmer
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Held
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Steigmiller
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hametner
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Ringleb
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sami Curtze
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Martinez-Majander
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marjaana Tiainen
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian H Nolte
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan F Scheitz
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hebun Erdur
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandros A Polymeris
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Traenka
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Eskandari
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam R Heldner
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Zini
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Vandelli
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan M Coutinho
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrien E Groot
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Visnja Padjen
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dejana R Jovanovic
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Bejot
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Céline Brenière
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Turc
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Seners
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Magoni
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Didier Leys
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sixtine Gilliot
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Scherrer
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas R Luft
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Gensicke
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Nederkoorn
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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