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Wang F, Zhao D, Xu WY, Liu Y, Sun H, Lu S, Ji Y, Jiang J, Chen Y, He Q, Gong C, Liu R, Su Z, Dong Y, Yan Z, Liu L. Blood leukocytes as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2024; 22:147. [PMID: 38561764 PMCID: PMC10986011 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodule (TN) patients in China are subject to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The implementation of existing technologies such as thyroid ultrasonography has indeed contributed to the improved diagnostic accuracy of TNs. However, a significant issue persists, where many patients undergo unnecessary biopsies, and patients with malignant thyroid nodules (MTNs) are advised to undergo surgery therapy. METHODS This study included a total of 293 patients diagnosed with TNs. Differential methylation haplotype blocks (MHBs) in blood leukocytes between MTNs and benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) were detected using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). Subsequently, an artificial intelligence blood leukocyte DNA methylation (BLDM) model was designed to optimize the management and treatment of patients with TNs for more effective outcomes. RESULTS The DNA methylation profiles of peripheral blood leukocytes exhibited distinctions between MTNs and BTNs. The BLDM model we developed for diagnosing TNs achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.858 in the validation cohort and 0.863 in the independent test cohort. Its specificity reached 90.91% and 88.68% in the validation and independent test cohorts, respectively, outperforming the specificity of ultrasonography (43.64% in the validation cohort and 47.17% in the independent test cohort), albeit with a slightly lower sensitivity (83.33% in the validation cohort and 82.86% in the independent test cohort) compared to ultrasonography (97.62% in the validation cohort and 100.00% in the independent test cohort). The BLDM model could correctly identify 89.83% patients whose nodules were suspected malignant by ultrasonography but finally histological benign. In micronodules, the model displayed higher specificity (93.33% in the validation cohort and 92.00% in the independent test cohort) and accuracy (88.24% in the validation cohort and 87.50% in the independent test cohort) for diagnosing TNs. This performance surpassed the specificity and accuracy observed with ultrasonography. A TN diagnostic and treatment framework that prioritizes patients is provided, with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy performed only on patients with indications of MTNs in both BLDM and ultrasonography results, thus avoiding unnecessary biopsies. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the potential of non-invasive blood leukocytes in diagnosing TNs, thereby making TN diagnosis and treatment more efficient in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihang Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wang-Yang Xu
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiying Liu
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huiyi Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiye He
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | | | - Rui Liu
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhixi Su
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhiping Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lingxiao Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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NKX6-2 Disease in Two Unrelated Patients with Early Onset Spastic Quadriplegia and Diffuse Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy. BRAIN DISORDERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2023.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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3
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Kim J, Lee J, Nam K, Lee S. Investigation of genetic variants and causal biomarkers associated with brain aging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1526. [PMID: 36707530 PMCID: PMC9883521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta age is a biomarker of brain aging that captures differences between the chronological age and the predicted biological brain age. Using multimodal data of brain MRI, genomics, and blood-based biomarkers and metabolomics in UK Biobank, this study investigates an explainable and causal basis of high delta age. A visual saliency map of brain regions showed that lower volumes in the fornix and the lower part of the thalamus are key predictors of high delta age. Genome-wide association analysis of the delta age using the SNP array data identified associated variants in gene regions such as KLF3-AS1 and STX1. GWAS was also performed on the volumes in the fornix and the lower part of the thalamus, showing a high genetic correlation with delta age, indicating that they share a genetic basis. Mendelian randomization (MR) for all metabolomic biomarkers and blood-related phenotypes showed that immune-related phenotypes have a causal impact on increasing delta age. Our analysis revealed regions in the brain that are susceptible to the aging process and provided evidence of the causal and genetic connections between immune responses and brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Kim
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeong Lee
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisung Nam
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggeun Lee
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Aldosary M, Alsagob M, AlQudairy H, González-Álvarez AC, Arold ST, Dababo MA, Alharbi OA, Almass R, AlBakheet A, AlSarar D, Qari A, Al-Ansari MM, Oláhová M, Al-Shahrani SA, AlSayed M, Colak D, Taylor RW, AlOwain M, Kaya N. A Novel Homozygous Founder Variant of RTN4IP1 in Two Consanguineous Saudi Families. Cells 2022; 11:3154. [PMID: 36231115 PMCID: PMC9563936 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic architecture of mitochondrial disease continues to expand and currently exceeds more than 350 disease-causing genes. Bi-allelic variants in RTN4IP1, also known as Optic Atrophy-10 (OPA10), lead to early-onset recessive optic neuropathy, atrophy, and encephalopathy in the afflicted patients. The gene is known to encode a mitochondrial ubiquinol oxidoreductase that interacts with reticulon 4 and is thought to be a mitochondrial antioxidant NADPH oxidoreductase. Here, we describe two unrelated consanguineous families from the northern region of Saudi Arabia harboring a missense variant (RTN4IP1:NM_032730.5; c.475G
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhor Aldosary
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers for Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan AlQudairy
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana C. González-Álvarez
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Biology Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Biology Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Mohammad Anas Dababo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A. Alharbi
- Radiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of Medical Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - AlBandary AlBakheet
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia AlSarar
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alya Qari
- Department of Medical Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mysoon M. Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monika Oláhová
- Welcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Saif A. Al-Shahrani
- Department of Medical Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moeenaldeen AlSayed
- Department of Medical Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Welcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- NHS Highly Specialized Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Mohammed AlOwain
- Department of Medical Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namik Kaya
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Nowacki JC, Fields AM, Fu MM. Emerging cellular themes in leukodystrophies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902261. [PMID: 36003149 PMCID: PMC9393611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a broad spectrum of neurological disorders that are characterized primarily by deficiencies in myelin formation. Clinical manifestations of leukodystrophies usually appear during childhood and common symptoms include lack of motor coordination, difficulty with or loss of ambulation, issues with vision and/or hearing, cognitive decline, regression in speech skills, and even seizures. Many cases of leukodystrophy can be attributed to genetic mutations, but they have diverse inheritance patterns (e.g., autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X-linked) and some arise from de novo mutations. In this review, we provide an updated overview of 35 types of leukodystrophies and focus on cellular mechanisms that may underlie these disorders. We find common themes in specialized functions in oligodendrocytes, which are specialized producers of membranes and myelin lipids. These mechanisms include myelin protein defects, lipid processing and peroxisome dysfunction, transcriptional and translational dysregulation, disruptions in cytoskeletal organization, and cell junction defects. In addition, non-cell-autonomous factors in astrocytes and microglia, such as autoimmune reactivity, and intercellular communication, may also play a role in leukodystrophy onset. We hope that highlighting these themes in cellular dysfunction in leukodystrophies may yield conceptual insights on future therapeutic approaches.
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6
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Aboheimed GI, AlRasheed MM, Almudimeegh S, Peña-Guerra KA, Cardona-Londoño KJ, Salih MA, Seidahmed MZ, Al-Mohanna F, Colak D, Harvey RJ, Harvey K, Arold ST, Kaya N, Ruiz AJ. Clinical, genetic, and functional characterization of the glycine receptor β-subunit A455P variant in a family affected by hyperekplexia syndrome. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102018. [PMID: 35526563 PMCID: PMC9241032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperekplexia is a rare neurological disorder characterized by exaggerated startle responses affecting newborns with the hallmark characteristics of hypertonia, apnea, and noise or touch-induced nonepileptic seizures. The genetic causes of the disease can vary, and several associated genes and mutations have been reported to affect glycine receptors (GlyRs); however, the mechanistic links between GlyRs and hyperekplexia are not yet understood. Here, we describe a patient with hyperekplexia from a consanguineous family. Extensive genetic screening using exome sequencing coupled with autozygome analysis and iterative filtering supplemented by in silico prediction identified that the patient carries the homozygous missense mutation A455P in GLRB, which encodes the GlyR β-subunit. To unravel the physiological and molecular effects of A455P on GlyRs, we used electrophysiology in a heterologous system as well as immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, and cellular biochemistry. We found a reduction in glycine-evoked currents in N2A cells expressing the mutation compared to WT cells. Western blot analysis also revealed a reduced amount of GlyR β protein both in cell lysates and isolated membrane fractions. In line with the above observations, coimmunoprecipitation assays suggested that the GlyR α1-subunit retained coassembly with βA455P to form membrane-bound heteromeric receptors. Finally, structural modeling showed that the A455P mutation affected the interaction between the GlyR β-subunit transmembrane domain 4 and the other helices of the subunit. Taken together, our study identifies and validates a novel loss-of-function mutation in GlyRs whose pathogenicity is likely to cause hyperekplexia in the affected individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada I Aboheimed
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maha M AlRasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Almudimeegh
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Karla A Peña-Guerra
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kelly J Cardona-Londoño
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Z Seidahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Futwan Al-Mohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert J Harvey
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia; Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan T Arold
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arnaud J Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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7
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Sener H, Gulmez Sevim D, Gultekin M, Simsir G, Basak AN. Ophthalmic Features in SPA-8 with a Homozygous Missense Variant in the Homeobox Domain of the NKX6‐2. TURKISH JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/tnd.2022.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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8
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Aldhalaan H, AlBakheet A, AlRuways S, AlMutairi N, AlNakiyah M, AlGhofaili R, Cardona-Londoño KJ, Alahmadi KO, AlQudairy H, AlRasheed MM, Colak D, Arold ST, Kaya N. A Novel GEMIN4 Variant in a Consanguineous Family Leads to Neurodevelopmental Impairment with Severe Microcephaly, Spastic Quadriplegia, Epilepsy, and Cataracts. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010092. [PMID: 35052432 PMCID: PMC8774908 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in GEMIN4 contribute to a hereditary disorder characterized by neurodevelopmental features, microcephaly, cataracts, and renal abnormalities (known as NEDMCR). To date, only two homoallelic variations have been linked to the disease. Moreover, clinical features associated with the variants have not been fully elucidated yet. Here, we identified a novel variant in GEMIN4 (NM_015721:exon2:c.440A>G:p.His147Arg) in two siblings from a consanguineous Saudi family by using whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequence verification. We comprehensively investigated the patients’ clinical features, including brain imaging and electroencephalogram findings, and compared their phenotypic characteristics with those of previously reported cases. In silico prediction and structural modeling support that the p.His147Arg variant is pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Aldhalaan
- Neurosciences Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Albandary AlBakheet
- Translational Genomic Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (R.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Sarah AlRuways
- Translational Genomic Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (R.A.); (H.A.)
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nouf AlMutairi
- Translational Genomic Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (R.A.); (H.A.)
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha AlNakiyah
- Translational Genomic Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (R.A.); (H.A.)
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reema AlGhofaili
- Translational Genomic Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (R.A.); (H.A.)
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kelly J. Cardona-Londoño
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.C.-L.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Khalid Omar Alahmadi
- Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hanan AlQudairy
- Translational Genomic Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (R.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Maha M. AlRasheed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.C.-L.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Namik Kaya
- Translational Genomic Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (R.A.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-11-4647272 (ext. 39612)
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9
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Salih MA, Hamad MH, Savarese M, Alorainy IA, Al-Jarallah AS, Alkhalidi H, AlQudairy H, Albader A, Alotaibi AJ, Alsagob M, Al-Bakheet A, Colak D, Udd B, Kaya N. Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel TTN Variants in Saudi Patients with Congenital Titinopathies. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:757-764. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A. Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muddathir H. Hamad
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Savarese
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ibrahim A. Alorainy
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Al-Jarallah
- Pediatric Cardiology Division, Cardiac Science Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Alkhalidi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan AlQudairy
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anoud Albader
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Jahz Alotaibi
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandary Al-Bakheet
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing Department, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Tampere Neuromuscular Research Unit, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Namik Kaya
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Muhaizea MA, Aldeeb H, Almass R, Jaber H, Binhumaid F, Alquait L, Abukhalid M, Aldhalaan H, Alsagob M, Al-Bakheet A, Aldosary M, Alkofide H, Alrasheed MM, Colak D, Kaya N. Genetics of ataxia telangiectasia in a highly consanguineous population. Ann Hum Genet 2021; 86:34-44. [PMID: 34582042 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystemic disorder. It usually presents in toddler years with progressive ataxia and oculomotor apraxia, or less commonly, in the late-first or early-second decade of life with mixed movement disorders. Biallelic mutations in ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM) cause AT phenotype, a disease not well documented in Saudi Arabia, a highly consanguineous society. We studied several Saudi AT patients, identified ATM variants, and investigated associated clinical features. We included 17 patients from 12 consanguineous families. All patients had comprehensive clinical and radiological assessment, and most were examined through whole-exome sequencing (WES). Selected individuals were analyzed using various genetic approaches. We identified five different ATM variants in our patients: three previously reported mutations, and two novel variants. Nearly all patients had classical AT presentation except for two patients with a milder phenotype. Among the three known variants, a deletion causing truncation (c.381delA resulting in p.(Val128Ter)) was identified in 13 patients. Two patients harboured the other two truncating variants, (c.9001_9002delAG resulting in p.Ser3001Phefs*6) and (c.9066delA resulting in p.Glu3023Alafs*10) and two patients had novel compound heterozygous variants (NM_000051.3:Paternal Allele:c.8762C > G;p.Thr2921Arg and Maternal Allele:c.1057T > C;p.Cys353Arg). We speculate that c.381delA is a founder mutation in our population. This study provides a genotype-phenotype relationship in a previously unstudied consanguineous population. Our findings contribute to improve local clinical care, therapy, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Al-Muhaizea
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanouf Aldeeb
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Jaber
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Felwa Binhumaid
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Alquait
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Abukhalid
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Aldhalaan
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandary Al-Bakheet
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazhor Aldosary
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Alkofide
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Alrasheed
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Aldosary M, Baselm S, Abdulrahim M, Almass R, Alsagob M, AlMasseri Z, Huma R, AlQuait L, Al‐Shidi T, Al‐Obeid E, AlBakheet A, Alahideb B, Alahaidib L, Qari A, Taylor RW, Colak D, AlSayed MD, Kaya N. SLC25A42-associated mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: Report of additional founder cases and functional characterization of a novel deletion. JIMD Rep 2021; 60:75-87. [PMID: 34258143 PMCID: PMC8260478 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC25A42 is the main transporter of coenzyme A (CoA) into mitochondria. To date, 15 individuals have been reported to have one of two bi-allelic homozygous missense variants in the SLC25A42 as the cause of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, of which 14 of them were of Saudi origin and share the same founder variant, c.871A > G:p.Asn291Asp. The other subject was of German origin with a variant at canonical splice site, c.380 + 2 T > A. Here, we describe the clinical manifestations and the disease course in additional six Saudi patients from four unrelated consanguineous families. While five patients have the Saudi founder p.Asn291Asp variant, one subject has a novel deletion. Functional analyses on fibroblasts obtained from this patient revealed that the deletion causes significant decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, extracellular acidification rate revealed significantly reduced glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, and glycolytic reserve as compared to control individuals. There were no changes in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content of patient fibroblasts. Immunoblotting experiments revealed significantly diminished protein expression due to the deletion. In conclusion, we report additional patients with SLC25A42-associated mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Our study expands the molecular spectrum of this condition and provides further evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction as a central cause of pathology. We therefore propose that this disorder should be included in the differential diagnosis of any patient with an unexplained motor and speech delay, recurrent encephalopathy with metabolic acidosis, intermittent or persistent dystonia, lactic acidosis, basal ganglia lesions and, especially, of Arab ethnicity. Finally, deep brain stimulation should be considered in the management of patients with life altering dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhor Aldosary
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Baselm
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulrahim
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Medical GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and TechnologyRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Zainab AlMasseri
- Department of Medical GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Rozeena Huma
- Department of Medical GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Laila AlQuait
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Tarfa Al‐Shidi
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Eman Al‐Obeid
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Albandary AlBakheet
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Basma Alahideb
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Lujane Alahaidib
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Alya Qari
- Department of Medical GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic LaboratoryNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific ComputingKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Moeenaldeen D. AlSayed
- Department of Medical GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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12
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Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy – NKX6–2 gene variant as a cause. BRAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Al-Bakheet A, Tohary M, Khan S, Chedrawi A, Edrees A, Tous E, Al-Mousa H, Al-Otaibi L, AlShahrani S, Alsagob M, Al-Quait L, Almass R, Al-Joudi H, Monies D, Al-Semari A, Aldosary M, Daghestani M, Colak D, Kaya N, Al-Owain M. Hematological findings associated with tubulin-folding cofactors D-related encephalopathy: Expanding the phenotype. Clin Genet 2021; 99:724-731. [PMID: 33506509 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dysfunction of microtubules (α/β-tubulin polymers) underlies a wide range of nervous system genetic abnormalities. Defects in TBCD, a tubulin-folding cofactor, cause diseases highlighted with early-onset encephalopathy with or without neurodegeneration, intellectual disability, seizures, microcephaly and tetraparaperesis. Utilizing various molecular methods, we describe nine patients from four unrelated families with two novel exon 18 variants in TBCD exhibiting the typical neurological phenotype of the disease. Interestingly, all the investigated patients had previously unreported hematological findings in the form of neutropenia and mild degree of anemia and thrombocytopenia. In addition to delineating the neurological phenotype in several patients with TBCD variants, our study stresses on the new association of neutropenia, in particular, with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albandary Al-Bakheet
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Tohary
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameena Khan
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza Chedrawi
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Edrees
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Tous
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamoud Al-Mousa
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lefian Al-Otaibi
- Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif AlShahrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al-Quait
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Al-Joudi
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Semari
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazhor Aldosary
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Daghestani
- Division of Genetics, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies constitute a subset of genetic white matter disorders characterized by a primary lack of myelin deposition. Most patients with severe hypomyelination present in infancy or early childhood and develop severe neurological deficits, but the clinical presentation can also be mild with onset of symptoms in adolescence or adulthood. MRI can be used to visualize the process of myelination in detail, and MRI pattern recognition can provide a clinical diagnosis in many patients. Next-generation sequencing provides a definitive diagnosis in 80-90% of patients. Genes associated with hypomyelination include those that encode structural myelin proteins but also many that encode proteins involved in RNA translation and some lysosomal proteins. The precise pathomechanisms remain to be elucidated. Improved understanding of the process of myelination, the metabolic axonal support functions of myelin and the proposed contribution of myelin to CNS plasticity provide possible explanations as to why almost all patients with hypomyelination experience slow clinical decline after a long phase of stability. In this Review, we provide an overview of the hypomyelinating leukodystrophies, the advances in our understanding of myelin biology and of the genes involved in these disorders, and the insights these advances have provided into their clinical presentations and evolution.
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15
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Seidahmed MZ, Hamad MH, AlBakheet A, Elmalik SA, AlDrees A, Al-Sufayan J, Alorainy I, Ghozzi IM, Colak D, Salih MA, Kaya N. Ancient founder mutation in RUBCN: a second unrelated family confirms Salih ataxia (SCAR15). BMC Neurol 2020; 20:207. [PMID: 32450808 PMCID: PMC7249383 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homozygous frameshift mutation in RUBCN (KIAA0226), known to result in endolysosomal machinery defects, has previously been reported in a single Saudi family with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia (Salih ataxia, SCAR15, OMIM # 615705). The present report describes the clinical, neurophysiologic, neuroimaging, and genetic findings in a second unrelated Saudi family with two affected children harboring identical homozygous frameshift mutation in the gene. It also explores and documents an ancient founder cerebellar ataxia mutation in the Arabian Peninsula. Case presentation The present family has two affected males (aged 6.5 and 17 years) with unsteady gait apparent since learning to walk at 2.5 and 3 years, respectively. The younger patient showed gait ataxia and normal reflexes. The older patient had saccadic eye movement, dysarthria, mild upper and lower limb and gait ataxia (on tandem walking), and enhanced reflexes in the lower limbs. Cognitive abilities were mildly impaired in the younger sibling (IQ 67) and borderline in the older patient (IQ 72). Nerve conduction studies were normal in both patients. MRI was normal at 2.5 years in the younger sibling. Brain MRI showed normal cerebellar volume and folia in the older sibling at the age of 6 years, and revealed minimal superior vermian atrophy at the age of 16 years. Autozygome and exome analysis showed both affected have previously reported homoallelic mutation in RUBCN (NM_014687:exon18:c.2624delC:p.A875fs), whereas the parents are carriers. Autozygosity mapping focused on smallest haplotype on chromosome 3 and mutation age analysis revealed the mutation occurred approximately 1550 years ago spanning about 62 generations. Conclusions Our findings validate the slowly progressive phenotype of Salih ataxia (SCAR15, OMIM # 615705) by an additional family. Haplotype sharing attests to a common founder, an ancient RUBCN mutation in the Arab population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Seidahmed
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muddathir H Hamad
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandary AlBakheet
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah A Elmalik
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed AlDrees
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumanah Al-Sufayan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alorainy
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Ghozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Almatrafi A, Umair M, Eldardear A, Al-Luqmani M, Hashmi JA, Albalawi AM, Alfadhel M, Ramzan K, Basit S. A homozygous missense variant in the homeobox domain of the NKX6-2 results in progressive spastic ataxia type 8 associated with lower limb weakness and neurological manifestations. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3196. [PMID: 32246862 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive spastic ataxia is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia and limb spasticity associated with other severe neurological complications. Spastic ataxia is classified into pure and complex types, inherited in both an autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant manner. It is caused by pathogenic variants in at least eight different genes, including NKX6-2 (MIM 607063) located on chromosome 10q26.3. The present study aimed to identify the genetic variant(s) underlying progressive spastic ataxia and to establish the genotype-phenotype correlation. METHODS We collected a large consanguineous family having four affected individuals segregating progressive spastic ataxia in an autosomal recessive manner. To investigate the molecular cause of the disease, genomic DNA of three affected individuals underwent whole exome sequencing. RESULTS All of the affected individuals showed progressive clinical features such as spastic ataxia, lower limb weakness and other mild neurological abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing data were analyzed using different filters. Filtering of rare and shared homozygous variants revealed a novel homozygous missense variant (c.545C>T; p.Ala182Val) in a highly conserved homeobox domain of the NKX6-2 protein. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study add a novel variant to the NKX6-2 mutation spectrum and provide evidence that homozygous variants in the NKX6-2 cause progressive spastic ataxia associated with other abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almatrafi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Eldardear
- College of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Al-Luqmani
- College of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamil A Hashmi
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia M Albalawi
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khushnooda Ramzan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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