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Wu Y, Deng J, Ma J, Chen Y, Hu N, Hao S, Wang B. Unraveling the Pathogenesis of Post-Stroke Depression in a Hemorrhagic Mouse Model through Frontal Lobe Circuitry and JAK-STAT Signaling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402152. [PMID: 38946585 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression is a common complication that imposes significant burdens and challenges on patients. The occurrence of depression is often associated with frontal lobe hemorrhage, however, current understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Here, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with the circuitry connectivity, electrophysiological alterations, and molecular characteristics are investigated related to the frontal lobe in adult male mice following unilateral injection of blood in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). It is demonstrated that depression is a specific neurological complication in the unilateral hematoma model of the mPFC, and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) shows a higher percentage of connectivity disruption compared to the lateral habenula (LHb) and striatum (STR). Additionally, long-range projections originating from the frontal lobe demonstrate higher damage percentages within the connections between each region and the mPFC. mPFC neurons reveal reduced neuronal excitability and altered synaptic communication. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis identifies the involvement of the Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, and targeting the JAK-STAT pathway significantly alleviates the severity of depressive symptoms. These findings improve the understanding of post-hemorrhagic depression and may guide the development of efficient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jia Deng
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jinsong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
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2
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Lu W, Wen J. Neuroinflammation and Post-Stroke Depression: Focus on the Microglia and Astrocytes. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0214-1. [PMID: 38421829 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD), a frequent and disabling complication of stroke, has a strong impact on almost thirty percent of stroke survivors. The pathogenesis of PSD is not completely clear so far. Neuroinflammation following stroke is one of underlying mechanisms that involves in the pathophysiology of PSD and plays an important function in the development of depression and is regarded as a sign of depression. During the neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke onset, both astrocytes and microglia undergo a series of morphological and functional changes and play pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effect in the pathological process of stroke. Importantly, astrocytes and microglia exert dual roles in the pathological process of PSD due to the phenotypic transformation. We summarize the latest evidence of neuroinflammation involving in PSD in this review, focus on the phenotypic transformation of microglia and astrocytes following ischemic stroke and reveal the dual roles of both microglia and astrocytes in the PSD via modulating the neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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3
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Chen X, Shen J, Zhou Q, Jin X, Liu H, Gao R. Astragaloside VI Ameliorates Post-Stroke Depression via Upregulating the NRG-1-Mediated MEK/ERK Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121551. [PMID: 36559001 PMCID: PMC9784132 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke depression (PSD) has been identified as one of the most commonly occurring complications attributed to stroke. Astragaloside VI (AsVI), which is an active Radix Astragali (AR)-derived compound, has been reported to be a potential drug for post-stroke therapy, but its effects on PSD and the underlying mechanisms remain uncovered. METHODS In this study, healthy male SD rats underwent a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model. To create a PSD model, these rats were then kept in isolated houses and subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress. The rats were examined every five days for a series of behavioral tests of depression. The antidepressant properties of AsVI were also investigated in vitro in a corticosterone (CORT)-induced major depression model using a CCK-8 assay. The release of neurotransmitters dopamine (DA)/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was measured using HPLC. The expression of the neurotrophic factor Neuregulin 1 (NRG-1) in rat brain tissues was detected by immunostaining. The protein expression of NRG-1, p-MEK1, and p-ERK1/2 was analyzed utilizing western blotting. RESULTS AsVI treatment significantly reduced depression-like behaviors in PSD rats and attenuated the CORT-induced apoptotic cell death in neuronal PC-12 cells. Besides, AsVI treatment remarkably prevented the decrease of the levels of DA and 5-HT in the PSD rat brains and in CORT-induced PC-12 cells. Furthermore, AsVI treatment upregulated the NRG-1-mediated MEK/ERK pathway, which is associated with the improvement of PSD. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that AsVI could improve PSD at least partially by upregulating NRG-1-mediated MEK/ERK pathway. AsVI could be a novel therapeutic option for treating PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, The People’s Hospital of Bao-an, Shenzhen 518000, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-0247-5452; Fax: +86-2778-8311
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Core Facility, The People’s Hospital of Bao-an, Shenzhen 518000, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haosheng Liu
- Department of Core Facility, The People’s Hospital of Bao-an, Shenzhen 518000, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ran Gao
- Department of Core Facility, The People’s Hospital of Bao-an, Shenzhen 518000, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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4
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Cheng HM, Gao CS, Lou QW, Chen Z, Wang Y. The diverse role of the raphe 5-HTergic systems in epilepsy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2777-2788. [PMID: 35614227 PMCID: PMC9622810 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The raphe nuclei comprise nearly all of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HTergic) neurons in the brain and are widely acknowledged to participate in the modulation of neural excitability. "Excitability-inhibition imbalance" results in a variety of brain disorders, including epilepsy. Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by hypersynchronous epileptic seizures accompanied by many psychological, social, cognitive consequences. Current antiepileptic drugs and other therapeutics are not ideal to control epilepsy and its comorbidities. Cumulative evidence suggests that the raphe nuclei and 5-HTergic system play an important role in epilepsy and epilepsy-associated comorbidities. Seizure activities propagate to the raphe nuclei and induce various alterations in different subregions of the raphe nuclei at the cellular and molecular levels. Intervention of the activity of raphe nuclei and raphe 5-HTergic system with pharmacological or genetic approaches, deep brain stimulation or optogenetics produces indeed diverse and even contradictory effects on seizure and epilepsy-associated comorbidities in different epilepsy models. Nevertheless, there are still many open questions left, especially regarding to the relationship between 5-HTergic neural circuit and epilepsy. Understanding of 5-HTergic network in a circuit- and molecule-specific way may not only be therapeutically relevant for increasing the drug specificity and precise treatment in epilepsy, but also provide critical hints for other brain disorders with abnormal neural excitability. In this review we focus on the roles of the raphe 5-HTergic system in epilepsy and epilepsy-associated comorbidities. Besides, further perspectives about the complexity and diversity of the raphe nuclei in epilepsy are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chen-Shu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qiu-Wen Lou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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5
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Grinevich VP, Zakirov AN, Berseneva UV, Gerasimova EV, Gainetdinov RR, Budygin EA. Applying a Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry to Explore Dopamine Dynamics in Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091533. [PMID: 35563838 PMCID: PMC9100021 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in the development of technologies for the real-time monitoring of neurotransmitter dynamics has provided researchers with effective tools for the exploration of etiology and molecular mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders. One of these powerful tools is fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), a technique which has progressively been used in animal models of diverse pathological conditions associated with alterations in dopamine transmission. Indeed, for several decades FSCV studies have provided substantial insights into our understanding of the role of abnormal dopaminergic transmission in pathogenetic mechanisms of drug and alcohol addiction, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, etc. Here we review the applications of FSCV to research neuropsychiatric disorders with particular attention to recent technological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P. Grinevich
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Amir N. Zakirov
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Uliana V. Berseneva
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Elena V. Gerasimova
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and St. Petersburg State University Hospital, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7-9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Budygin
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Patodia S, Somani A, Liu J, Cattaneo A, Paradiso B, Garcia M, Othman M, Diehl B, Devinsky O, Mills JD, Foong J, Thom M. Serotonin transporter in the temporal lobe, hippocampus and amygdala in SUDEP. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13074. [PMID: 35478467 PMCID: PMC9425018 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence link deficient serotonin function and SUDEP. Chronic treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) reduces ictal central apnoea, a risk factor for SUDEP. Reduced medullary serotonergic neurones, modulators of respiration in response to hypercapnia, were reported in a SUDEP post‐mortem series. The amygdala and hippocampus have high serotonergic innervation and are functionally implicated in seizure‐related respiratory dysregulation. We explored serotonergic networks in mesial temporal lobe structures in a surgical and post‐mortem epilepsy series in relation to SUDEP risk. We stratified 75 temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE/HS) into high (N = 16), medium (N = 11) and low risk (N = 48) groups for SUDEP based on generalised seizure frequency. We also included the amygdala in 35 post‐mortem cases, including SUDEP (N = 17), epilepsy controls (N = 10) and non‐epilepsy controls (N = 8). The immunohistochemistry labelling index (LI) and axonal length (AL) of serotonin transporter (SERT)‐positive axons were quantified in 13 regions of interest with image analysis. SERT LI was highest in amygdala and subiculum regions. In the surgical series, higher SERT LI was observed in high risk than low risk cases in the dentate gyrus, CA1 and subiculum (p < 0.05). In the post‐mortem cases higher SERT LI and AL was observed in the basal and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala and peri‐amygdala cortex in SUDEP compared to epilepsy controls (p < 0.05). Patients on SRI showed higher SERT in the dentate gyrus (p < 0.005) and CA4 (p < 0.05) but there was no difference in patients with or without a psychiatric history. Higher SERT in hippocampal subfields in TLE/HS cases with SUDEP risk factors and higher amygdala SERT in post‐mortem SUDEP cases than epilepsy controls supports a role for altered serotonergic networks involving limbic regions in SUDEP. This may be of functional relevance through reduced 5‐HT availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Patodia
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alyma Somani
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Joan Liu
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alice Cattaneo
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Beatrice Paradiso
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Maria Garcia
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Othman
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Beate Diehl
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Departments of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - James D Mills
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK.,Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jackie Foong
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Departments of Psychiatry, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Maria Thom
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Departments of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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7
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Yang L. Nano-Hydrogel for the Treatment of Depression and Epilepsy. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:1097-1105. [PMID: 35854439 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article first combines nano-carrier technology, the electrophysiological mechanism of seizures, and brain targeting technology to prepare new nano-hydrogels. Secondly, through the discharge information generated during the seizure and the electric field responsiveness of the nano-hydrogel, the free drug concentration in the brain area related to the seizure is increased, thereby, limiting the abnormal discharge of the focus to the local area and suppressing it in time. Finally, this article examines the impact of nano-hydrogel on the epilepsy and depression using relevant studies. The experimental observations revealed that the yield of the nano-hydrogel synthesized after 24 h of sapon-free emulsion polymerization was 50 to 70%, the swelling rate was 400 to 1700%, and the viscosity of the 20 mg/mL nano-hydrogel dispersion was 3.9 to 17.0 mPa· s. Furthermore, because the total efficiency was 0.952, the nano-hydrogels have a reduced recurrence rate and a better effect on the depression improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, P. R. China
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8
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Zan GY, Sun X, Wang YJ, Liu R, Wang CY, Du WJ, Guo LB, Chai JR, Li QL, Liu ZQ, Liu JG. Amygdala dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system modulates depressive-like behavior in mice following chronic social defeat stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:577-587. [PMID: 34035484 PMCID: PMC8888759 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression disorder is a severe and recurrent neuropsychological disorder characterized by lowered mood and social activity and cognitive impairment. Owing to unclear molecular mechanisms of depression, limited interventions are available in clinic. In this study we investigated the role of dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system in the development of depression. Mice were subjected to chronic social defeat stress for 14 days. Chronic social defeat stress induced significant social avoidance in mice characterized by decreased time duration in the interaction zone and increased time duration in the corner zone. Pre-administration of a κ opioid receptor antagonist norBNI (10 mg/kg, i.p.) could prevent the development of social avoidance induced by chronic social defeat stress. Social avoidance was not observed in κ opioid receptor knockout mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress. We further revealed that social defeat stress activated c-fos and ERK signaling in the amygdala without affecting the NAc, hippocampus and hypothalamus, and ERK activation was blocked by systemic injection of norBNI. Finally, the expression of dynorphin A, the endogenous ligand of κ opioid receptor, was significantly increased in the amygdala following social defeat stress; microinjection of norBNI into the amygdala prevented the development of depressive-like behaviors caused by social defeat stress. The present study demonstrates that upregulated dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system in the amygdala leads to the emergence of depression following chronic social defeat stress, and sheds light on κ opioid receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of depression following chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-ying Zan
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China ,grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yu-jun Wang
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Chen-yao Wang
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-jia Du
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Liu-bin Guo
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing-rui Chai
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing-lin Li
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jing-gen Liu
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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9
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Bidirectional Relations Among Depression, Migraine, and Epilepsy: Do They Have an Impact on Their Response to Treatment? Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 55:251-265. [PMID: 34964936 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation and treatment of patients with epilepsy is not limited to the type of epilepsy, but it must incorporate the common comorbid neurologic, psychiatric, and medical disorders, as the latter can bare an impact on the course and response to treatment of the seizure disorder and vice versa. In this article we review the bidirectional relations among epilepsy and two of its most common comorbidities, mood disorders and migraine and examine the implications of these relations on the selection of therapies of these three disorders and their response to treatment. We also review the most salient common pathogenic mechanisms that may explain such relations.
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10
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Holland N, Robbins TW, Rowe JB. The role of noradrenaline in cognition and cognitive disorders. Brain 2021; 144:2243-2256. [PMID: 33725122 PMCID: PMC8418349 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of cognition and behaviour are regulated by noradrenergic projections to the forebrain originating from the locus coeruleus, acting through alpha and beta adrenoreceptors. Loss of these projections is common in neurodegenerative diseases and contributes to their cognitive and behavioural deficits. We review the evidence for a noradrenergic modulation of cognition in its contribution to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other cognitive disorders. We discuss the advances in human imaging and computational methods that quantify the locus coeruleus and its function in humans, and highlight the potential for new noradrenergic treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Holland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
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11
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Alharbi KS. Anticonvulsant effects of desvenlafaxine on modulating brain monoamine and oxidative stress in mice. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246194. [PMID: 34468514 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Desvenlafaxine succinate (DVS) inhibits serotonin reuptake selectively and is approved for major depressive disorders. This research investigated influence of DVS on modulating brain monoamine and oxidative stress in mice. The antiepileptic potential of DVS (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg/i.p.) in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 85 mg/kg) with i.p. route of administration, strychnine (STR; 75 mg/kg) with i.p. route, pilocarpine (400 mg/kg) with s.c. route and maximal electroshock MES-induced convulsion in mouse models. The activities of oxidative stress, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brains of PTZ-induced convulsive mice. Treatment with DVS increased the latency to develop siezures and declined mortalities in rodents against PTZ, STR and pilocarpine-induced convulsions. Results of MES-leaded siezures revealed that DVS reduced tonic hind limb extension duration and mortalities significantly. Brain, SOD, GSH and GABA level were significantly (P<0.01) increased and LPO reduced significantly (P<0.01) after DVS treatment. Furthermore, the DVS did not show any motor coordination signs in the rotarod test. We demonstrated that the role of DVS in convulsion genesis in mice under control condition and attenuate the PTZ-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, 72341, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Role of Quercetin in Depressive-Like Behaviors: Findings from Animal Models. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11157116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depressive-like behavior is a highly prevalent worldwide neuropsychiatric disorder that owns a complex pathophysiologic mechanism. The available pharmacotherapy is ineffective for most patients and shown several adverse effects. Therefore, it is important to find efficacy and safe antidepressive compounds. Some phytochemicals compounds regulate the same genes and pathways targeted by drugs; therefore, diets rich in fruits and vegetables could be considered novel treatment approaches. Currently, the functional properties of quercetin acquired great interest, due to its beneficial effects on health. Quercetin is a flavonoid ubiquitously present in vegetables and fruits, interestingly for its strong antioxidant properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize the preclinical studies present in the literature, in the last ten years, aimed at illustrating the effects of quercetin pre-treatment in depressive-like behaviors. Quercetin resulted in antidepressant-like actions due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. This pointed out the usefulness of this flavonoid as a nutraceutical compound against the development of psychological stress-induced behavioral perturbation. Therefore, quercetin or a diet containing it may become a prospective supplementation or an efficient adjuvant therapy for preventing stress-mediated depressive-like behavior.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The serotonergic system is implicated in multiple aspects of epilepsy, including seizure susceptibility, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), and comorbid depression. Despite the complexity of serotonin's effects on various neuronal networks, ongoing research provides considerable insight into the role of serotonin in human epilepsy. This review explores the potential roles of serotonergic therapies to improve clinical outcomes in epilepsy. RECENT FINDINGS In recent decades, research has markedly increased our knowledge of the diverse effects of serotonin on brain function. Animal models of epilepsy have identified the influence of serotonin on seizure threshold in specific brain regions, serotoninergic augmentation's protective effects on terminal apnea and mortality in SUDEP, and mechanisms underlying behavioral improvement in some models of comorbid depression. Human clinical studies are largely consistent with animal data but the translation into definitive treatment decisions has moved less rapidly. SUMMARY Evidence for serotonergic therapy is promising for improvement in seizure control and prevention of SUDEP. For some epilepsies, such as Dravet syndrome, basic research on serotonin receptor agonists has translated into a positive clinical trial for fenfluramine. The cumulative results of safety and efficacy studies support the routine use of SSRIs for comorbid depression in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew S. Gentry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky
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Kayacan Y, Ghojebeigloo BE, Çerit G, Kocacan SE, Ayyıldız M. Physical exercise and 5-hydroxytryptophan, a precursor for serotonin synthesis, reduce penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107403. [PMID: 32950765 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies have shown that 5- hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and exercise play an important role in the synthesis of serotonin independently. The effects of the treadmill exercise and 5- hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on seizure mechanisms created by epileptiform activity with penicillin model were investigated in rats. METHOD A total of 28 male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: exercise (Ex), Control (Cnt), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5htp) and 5-hydroxytryptophan + exercise (5htpEx) groups. Treadmill exercise and gavage (25 mg/kg/day) were administered five days a week for ten weeks. Electrocorticogram data were recorded for 3 h at the end of the protocol using the Power-Lab data acquisition system. Spike frequency, amplitude, and latency time were analyzed offline. The significant differences among the groups were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Spike frequency was observed at the highest level from the 20th minute in the Cnt group, and this continued until the end of the recording. The 5-HTP alone group did not affect epileptiform activity. At the 80th minute of penicillin injection, the epileptiform activity in the 5htpEx group decreased significantly compared with the Cnt, and this significance continued until the 110th minute. There was no statistical difference in the amplitude values of the groups. The 5htpEx group was significantly higher than both the Cnt and Ex group in the seizure latency times. CONCLUSIONS It was determined that exercise reduced the spike number and delayed seizure significantly by potentiating the effect of 5-HTP. Given that 5-HTP used in combination with exercise can perform useful actions such as reducing seizure sensitivity and consequently improving the quality of life for individuals with epilepsy, it may be a potential candidate for the treatment of epilepsy in nonpharmacological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildirim Kayacan
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Samsun, Turkey.
| | | | - Günay Çerit
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Emre Kocacan
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ayyıldız
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Samsun, Turkey
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Xi XJ, Tang JH, Zhang BB, Xiao X, Hu XY, Wan Y, Zhou C, Lin H. Dlg4 and Vamp2 are involved in comorbid epilepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A microarray data study. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 110:107192. [PMID: 32580088 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with epilepsy exhibit a significantly higher risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is often associated with lower quality of life. In this study, we aimed to identify molecular mechanisms associated with both epilepsy and ADHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression profiles of GSE12457 and GSE47752 were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were separately screened in epilepsy and ADHD samples and compared with controls. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify candidate modules associated with the two disorders. Functional annotation and analysis of hub genes and molecular complex detection (MCODE) was also performed. RESULTS Three modules closely related to epilepsy and ADHD were screened using WGCNA; DEGs in this module were involved in the synaptic vesicle cycle, axon and neuron regeneration, and neurotransmission. The Dlg4 and Vamp2 genes were selected as common candidate factors in epilepsy and ADHD pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Dlg4 and Vamp2 could play essential roles in comorbidity between epilepsy and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Xi
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ji-Hong Tang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bing-Bing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurology, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
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Irvine KA, Sahbaie P, Ferguson AR, Clark JD. Loss of diffuse noxious inhibitory control after traumatic brain injury in rats: A chronic issue. Exp Neurol 2020; 333:113428. [PMID: 32745472 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most challenging and debilitating symptoms to manage after traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The disruption of normal endogenous pain control mechanisms has been linked to several forms of chronic pain and may play a role in pain after TBI. We hypothesized therefore that dysfunctional descending noradrenergic and serotonergic pain control circuits may contribute to the loss of diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC), a critical endogenous pain control mechanism, weeks to months after TBI. For these studies, the rat lateral fluid percussion model of mild TBI was used along with a DNIC paradigm involving a capsaicin-conditioning stimulus. We observed sustained failure of the DNIC response up to 180-days post injury. We confirmed, that descending α2 adrenoceptor-mediated noradrenergic signaling was critical for endogenous pain inhibition in uninjured rats. However, augmenting descending noradrenergic signaling using reboxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, failed to restore DNIC after TBI. Furthermore, blocking serotonin-mediated descending signaling using selective spinal serotonergic fiber depletion with 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine was also unsuccessful at restoring endogenous pain modulation after TBI. Unexpectedly, increasing descending serotonergic signaling using the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram and the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor duloxetine restored the DNIC response in TBI rats at both 49- and 180- days post injury. Consistent with these observations, spinal serotonergic fiber depletion with 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine eliminated the effects of escitalopram. Intact α2 adrenoceptor signaling, however, was not required for the serotonin-mediated restoration of DNIC after TBI. These results suggest that TBI causes maladaptation of descending nociceptive signaling mechanisms and changes in the function of both adrenergic and serotonergic circuits. Such changes could predispose those with TBI to chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen-Amanda Irvine
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave (E4-220), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave (E4-220), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Adam R Ferguson
- University of California San Francisco, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department Neurosurgery, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - J David Clark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave (E4-220), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Depression and anxiety substantially contribute to interictal disability in patients with epilepsy (PWE). This review summarizes current studies that shed light on mechanisms of comorbidity. RECENT FINDINGS Mounting epidemiological data implicate shared risk factors for anxiety/depression and seizure propensity, but these remain largely elusive and probably vary by epilepsy type. Within PWE, these symptoms appear to be associated with unique genetic, neuropathological, and connectivity profiles. Temporal lobe epilepsy has received enormous emphasis particularly in preclinical studies of comorbidity, where candidate neurobiological mechanisms underlying bidirectionality have been tested without psychopharmacological confounds. Depression and anxiety in epilepsy reflect dysfunction within broadly distributed limbic networks that may be the cause or consequence of epileptogenesis. In refractory epilepsy, seizures and/or certain anticonvulsants may distort central emotional homeostatic mechanisms that perpetually raise seizure risk. Developing future safe and effective combined anticonvulsant-antidepressant treatments will require a detailed understanding of anatomical and molecular nodes that pleiotropically enhance seizure risk and negatively alter emotionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnav Krishnan
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza St., MS: NB302, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Jieyu Anshen Granule, a Chinese Herbal Formulation, Exerts Effects on Poststroke Depression in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7469068. [PMID: 32184899 PMCID: PMC7060433 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7469068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Jieyu Anshen granule (JY) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating depression and anxiety. The aim of the study was to observe the effects of JY on poststroke depression (PSD) and investigate the underlying mechanism. PSD rat model was developed by middle cerebral artery occlusion following chronic unpredictable mild stress in conjunction with isolation rearing. We performed behavioral tests, Western blot, ELISA, and BrdU/NeuN staining. Treatment with JY showed significant antidepressant effect in open-field and sucrose preference tests, as well as significant improvement in beam-walking, cylinder, grip strength, and water maze tests. In addition, treatment with JY could restore the levels of neurotransmitters and decrease the levels of hormone and inflammation cytokines in serum and brain. Treatment with JY also showed significant regulation in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors and NF-κB/IκB-α signaling in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, the numbers of newborn neurons in the hippocampus were increased by treatment with JY. Our results suggest that JY could ameliorate PSD and improve the neurological and cognitive functions. The antidepressive effect may be associated with the modulation of JY on monoamine system, neuroendocrine, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis.
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Mazarati A. Can we and should we use animal models to study neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy? Epilepsy Behav 2019; 101:106566. [PMID: 31699663 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal systems have been widely used to examine mechanisms of neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy and to help in developing their effective therapies. Despite the progress made in the field, animal studies have their limitations stemming both from issues with modeling neuropsychiatric disorders in the laboratory and from drawbacks of animal models of epilepsy themselves. This review discusses advantages and weaknesses of experimental paradigms and approaches used to model and to analyze neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy, from the perspectives of their needs, interpretation, ways of improvement, and clinical relevance. Developmental studies are required to adequately address age-specific aspects of the comorbidities. The deployment of preclinical Common Data Elements (pCDEs) for epilepsy research should facilitate the standardization and the harmonization of studies in question, while the application of Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) to characterize neurobehavioral disorders in animals with epilepsy should help in closing the bench-to-bedside gap. Special Issue: Epilepsy & Behavior's 20th Anniversary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Mazarati
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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20
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Novais F, Pestana LC, Loureiro S, Andrea M, Figueira ML, Pimentel J. Psychiatric disorders as predictors of epilepsy surgery outcome. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 100:106513. [PMID: 31639645 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine if a history of a mental disorder predicts a worst neurological outcome for patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. METHODS We conducted an ambispective observational study including people with refractory epilepsy who underwent resective surgery. Demographic, psychiatric, and neurological data were collected, before and one year after surgery. Presurgical interviews included a psychiatric evaluation and the determination of prevalent and lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. The one-year postsurgical outcome was classified according to the Engel Outcome Scale. Predictors of postsurgical Engel class were determined using an ordered logistic regression model. RESULTS A lifetime history of any mental disorder was a significant predictor of a higher Engel Class (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION This study shows that psychiatric lifetime diagnoses are associated with worse surgical outcome and highlighted the importance of the inclusion of these diagnoses in the evaluation of the potential success of the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Novais
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Psychiatry Department, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN), Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Luís Câmara Pestana
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Psychiatry Department, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN), Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Psychiatry Department, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN), Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Andrea
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Psychiatry Department, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN), Portugal
| | - Maria Luísa Figueira
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Psychiatry Department, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN), Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Pimentel
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN), Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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Matsushita GHG, Sugi AH, Costa YMG, Gomez-A A, Da Cunha C, Oliveira LS. Phasic dopamine release identification using convolutional neural network. Comput Biol Med 2019; 114:103466. [PMID: 31568974 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine has a major behavioral impact related to drug dependence, learning and memory functions, as well as pathologies such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Phasic release of dopamine can be measured in vivo with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. However, even for a specialist, manual analysis of experiment results is a repetitive and time consuming task. This work aims to improve the automatic dopamine identification from fast-scan cyclic voltammetry data using convolutional neural networks (CNN). The best performance obtained in the experiments achieved an accuracy of 98.31% using a combined CNN approach. The end-to-end object detection system using YOLOv3 achieved an accuracy of 97.66%. Also, a new public dopamine release dataset was presented, and it is available at https://web.inf.ufpr.br/vri/databases/phasicdopaminerelease/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam H Sugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Yandre M G Costa
- Department of Informatics, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexander Gomez-A
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claudio Da Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz S Oliveira
- Department of Informatics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Gruenbaum SE, Chen EC, Sandhu MRS, Deshpande K, Dhaher R, Hersey D, Eid T. Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Seizures: A Systematic Review of the Literature. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:755-770. [PMID: 31313139 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 40% of patients with epilepsy experience seizures despite treatment with antiepileptic drugs; however, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has shown promise in treating refractory epilepsy. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate all published studies that investigated the effects of BCAAs on seizures, emphasizing therapeutic efficacy and possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS On 31 January, 2017, the following databases were searched for relevant studies: MEDLINE (OvidSP), EMBASE (OvidSP), Scopus (Elsevier), the Cochrane Library, and the unindexed material in PubMed (National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health). The searches were repeated in all databases on 18 February, 2019. We only included full-length preclinical and clinical studies that were published in the English language that examined the effects of BCAA administration on seizures. RESULTS Eleven of 2045 studies met our inclusion criteria: ten studies were conducted in animal models and one study in human subjects. Seven seizure models were investigated: the strychnine (one study), pentylenetetrazole (two studies), flurothyl (one study), picrotoxin (two studies), genetic absence epilepsy in rats (one study), kainic acid (two studies), and methionine sulfoximine (one study) paradigms. Three studies investigated the effect of a BCAA mixture whereas the other studies explored the effects of individual BCAAs on seizures. In most animal models and in humans, BCAAs had potent anti-seizure effects. However, in the methionine sulfoximine model, long-term BCAA supplementation worsened seizure propagation and caused neuron loss, and in the genetic absence epilepsy in rats model, BCAAs exhibited pro-seizure effects. CONCLUSIONS The contradictory effects of BCAAs on seizure activity likely reflect differences in the complex mechanisms that underlie seizure disorders. Some of these mechanisms are likely mediated by BCAA's effects on glucose, glutamate, glutamine, and ammonia metabolism, activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway, and their effects on aromatic amino acid transport and neurotransmitter synthesis. We propose that a better understanding of mechanisms by which BCAAs affect seizures and neuronal viability is needed to advance the field of BCAA supplementation in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun E Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Eric C Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ketaki Deshpande
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roni Dhaher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Denise Hersey
- Lewis Science Library, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tore Eid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Chen F, He X, Luan G, Li T. Role of DNA Methylation and Adenosine in Ketogenic Diet for Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy: Focus on Epileptogenesis and Associated Comorbidities. Front Neurol 2019; 10:119. [PMID: 30863356 PMCID: PMC6399128 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by a long term propensity to produce unprovoked seizures and by the associated comorbidities including neurological, cognitive, psychiatric, and impairment the quality of life. Despite the clinic availability of several novel antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with different mechanisms of action, more than one-third of patients with epilepsy suffer with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Until now, no AEDs have been proven to confer the efficacy in alteration of disease progression or inhibition of the development of epilepsy. The ketogenic diet, the high-fat, low-carbohydrate composition is an alternative metabolic therapy for epilepsy, especially for children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Recently clinical and experimental results demonstrate its efficacy in ameliorating both seizures and comorbidities associated with epilepsy, such as cognitive/psychiatric concerns for the patients with refractory epilepsy. Of importance, ketogenic diet demonstrates to be a promising disease-modifying or partial antiepileptogenesis therapy for epilepsy. The mechanisms of action of ketogenic diet in epilepsy have been revealed recently, such as epigenetic mechanism for increase the adenosine level in the brain and inhibition of DNA methylation. In the present review, we will focus on the mechanisms of ketogenic diet therapies underlying adenosine system in the prevention of epileptogenesis and disease modification. In addition, we will review the role of ketogenic diet therapy in comorbidities associated epilepsy and the underlying mechanisms of adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghui He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoming Luan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Esen M, Aygun H. The effect of duloxetine on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. Neurol Res 2018; 41:298-305. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1560642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Esen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hatice Aygun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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25
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Deal AL, Mikhailova MA, Grinevich VP, Weiner JL, Gainetdinov RR, Budygin EA. In vivo voltammetric evidence that locus coeruleus activation predominantly releases norepinephrine in the infralimbic cortex: Effect of acute ethanol. Synapse 2018; 73:e22080. [PMID: 30447016 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry paired with pharmacology, the authors show that infralimbic catecholamine release following locus coeruleus stimulation is noradrenergic, but not dopaminergic, and not affected by acute ethanol. With previous work, these data suggest differential effects of ethanol on prefrontal norepinephrine and dopamine, a region important in addiction-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex L Deal
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Maria A Mikhailova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valentina P Grinevich
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jeff L Weiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Budygin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Kanner AM, Ribot R, Mazarati A. Bidirectional relations among common psychiatric and neurologic comorbidities and epilepsy: Do they have an impact on the course of the seizure disorder? Epilepsia Open 2018; 3:210-219. [PMID: 30564780 PMCID: PMC6293067 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of epilepsy is not limited to the achievement of a seizure‐free state. It must also incorporate the management of common psychiatric and neurologic comorbidities, affecting on average between 30 and 50% of patients with epilepsy, which have a significant impact on their lives at various levels, including quality of life and the prognosis of the seizure disorder. Mood and anxiety disorders are the most frequent psychiatric comorbidities, whereas stroke and migraine are among the more common neurologic comorbidities, migraine among the younger patients and stroke among the older patients. Not only do these psychiatric and neurologic comorbidities each have a bidirectional relation with epilepsy, but primary mood disorders have a bidirectional relation with these 2 neurologic disorders. Furthermore, depression and migraine have been each associated with a more severe epilepsy course, whereas depression has been associated with a more severe course of stroke and migraines. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical implications of the complex relations among epilepsy and these 3 comorbid disorders, and to identify any clinical and/or experimental evidence that may suggest that having more than one of these comorbid disorders may increase the risk of and course of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres M Kanner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center and Epilepsy Division Department of Neurology Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami Florida U.S.A
| | - Ramses Ribot
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center and Epilepsy Division Department of Neurology Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami Florida U.S.A
| | - Andrey Mazarati
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute D. Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California U.S.A
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Ye W, Pitlock MD, Javors MA, Thompson BJ, Lechleiter JD, Hensler JG. The long-term effect of maternal dietary protein restriction on 5-HT 1A receptor function and behavioral responses to stress in adulthood. Behav Brain Res 2018; 349:116-124. [PMID: 29660440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition impacts fetal development, and may play a role in determining resilience to stress and vulnerability to stress-precipitated psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In this study, we examined the effect of a reduction in maternal dietary protein during pregnancy on the brain neurochemistry and behavior of offspring. We focused specifically on the serotonin system, the 5-HT1A receptor and the responsivity of offspring as adults to stress. Dams were fed either a low protein diet (10% protein by weight) or isocaloric control diet (20% protein by weight). The low protein diet did not alter maternal food intake and body weight, or litter size and the average birth weight of male or female littermates. 5-HT1A receptor function, as measured by quantitative autoradiography of 8-OH-DPAT (1 μM)-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding, was markedly reduced in hippocampus of weanling female, but not male offspring (postnatal day, PND 21) of dams fed the low protein diet. The number of serotonergic cell bodies in the rostral raphe, and 5-HT metabolism in the limbic system of weanling offspring was not altered by maternal low protein diet. The deficit in hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor function observed in weanling female offspring persisted into adulthood (PND 112), and was accompanied by an increased sensitivity to stress, specifically increased immobility during a 15-minute forced swim challenge and increased anorexia following 30-minute restraint (PND 97-100). The present work begins to uncover important future directions for understanding the early developmental origins of resilience to stress, and factors that may put individuals at greater risk for stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Ye
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael Duffy Pitlock
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Martin A Javors
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Brent J Thompson
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - James D Lechleiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Julie G Hensler
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Medel-Matus JS, Shin D, Sankar R, Mazarati A. Kindling epileptogenesis and panic-like behavior: Their bidirectional connection and contribution to epilepsy-associated depression. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 77:33-38. [PMID: 29107199 PMCID: PMC5705456 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most common comorbidities of epilepsy, which has major detrimental effects on the quality of life. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) associated with epilepsy has been receiving most attention. However, several other forms of anxiety reportedly present in patients with epilepsy, including panic disorder (PD). In this study, using an animal model of limbic epilepsy, we examined the interplay between epilepsy and panic-like behavior (PLB). Further, considering the high degree of comorbidity between depression on the one hand, and both epilepsy and PD on the other hand, we studied whether and how the presence of PLB in animals with epilepsy would affect their performance in depression-relevant tests. Fifty-day-old male Wistar rats were subjected to repeated alternating electrical stimulations of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to induce kindling of limbic seizures, and the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG) to induce panic-like episodes. Seizure susceptibility and panic reaction threshold were examined before the first and 24h after the last stimulation. At the end of the stimulations, the rats were examined in depression-relevant tests: saccharin preference test (SPT) for anhedonia and forced swimming test (FST) for despair/hopelessness. With regard to kindling, BLA+DPAG stimulation induced more profound increase of seizure susceptibility than BLA stimulation alone (evident as the reduction of the afterdischarge threshold and the increase of the afterdischarge duration). With regard to PLB, the BLA+DPAG stimulation exacerbated the severity of panic-like episodes, as compared with the DPAG stimulation alone. Basolateral amygdala stimulation alone had no effects on panic-like reactions, and DPAG stimulation alone did not modify kindling epileptogenesis. Combined stimulation of BLA and DPAG induced depressive-like behavioral impairments. This is the first experimental study showing bidirectional, mutually exacerbating effect of epilepsy and PLB, and the precipitation of depressive-like state by the epilepsy-PLB comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Don Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raman Sankar
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrey Mazarati
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hesse S, Müller U, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Bresch A, Becker GA, Zientek F, Patt M, Meyer PM, Blüher M, Strauß M, Fenske W, Hankir M, Ding YS, Hilbert A, Sabri O. The association between in vivo central noradrenaline transporter availability and trait impulsivity. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 267:9-14. [PMID: 28675825 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The brain noradrenaline (NA) system, particularly NA transporters (NAT), are thought to play an important role in modulating impulsive behavior. Impaired impulsivity is implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions; however, an in vivo link between central NAT availability and human impulsivity has not been shown. Using positron emission tomography (PET) and S,S-[11C]O-methylreboxetine (MRB), we tested whether NAT availability is associated with this basic behavioral trait based on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) in twenty healthy individuals (12 females, 33.8±9.3, 21-52 years of age) with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 21.7kg/m2 to 47.8kg/m2. Applying both voxel-wise and volume-of-interest (VOI) based analyses, we found that distribution volume ratios (DVR) used as PET outcome measures negatively correlated with BIS-11 total scores in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and in the hippocampus as well as in parts of the cerebellar cortex. These associations however did not remain after correction for multiple testing. Thus, although it appears that low NAT availability is associated with greater scores of impaired behavioral control, this needs to be confirmed in a larger series of individuals with highly impulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swen Hesse
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg-Alexander Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Zientek
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp M Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Strauß
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Fenske
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohammed Hankir
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yu-Shin Ding
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York 10016, USA
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Medel-Matus JS, Shin D, Sankar R, Mazarati A. Inherent vulnerabilities in monoaminergic pathways predict the emergence of depressive impairments in an animal model of chronic epilepsy. Epilepsia 2017; 58:e116-e121. [PMID: 28597913 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine whether the depression comorbid with epilepsy could be predicted based on inherent premorbid patterns of monoaminergic transmission. In male Wistar rats, despair-like and anhedonia-like behaviors were examined using forced swimming and taste preference tests, respectively. Serotonergic raphe nucleus (RN)-prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA)-nucleus accumbens (NAcc) pathways were interrogated by fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). The assays were performed before and 2 months after pilocarpine status epilepticus. In a subset of naive rats, FSCV, coupled with the intensity-dependent stimulation paradigm, detected specific deviations in each pathway (six rats for RN-PFC and seven rats for VTA-NAcc, with overlap in two, of 19 total subjects) in the absence of behavioral impairments. During epilepsy, animals with preexisting deviations in RN-PFC invariably developed despair, and rats with deviations in VTA-NAcc developed anhedonia. Serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways, respectively, showed signs of explicit deterioration. We suggest that epilepsy triggers decompensations in the already vulnerable depression-relevant neuronal circuits, which culminate in depression. The established connection between the identified specific signatures in monoamine transmission in naive rats and specific symptoms of epilepsy-associated depression may help in understanding causes of comorbidity and in developing its early biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Don Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Raman Sankar
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Andrey Mazarati
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
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Galanin contributes to monoaminergic dysfunction and to dependent neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2016; 289:64-72. [PMID: 28013000 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) in rats, along with chronic epilepsy, leads to the development of behavioral impairments resembling depressive disorder and/or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), thus reflecting respective comorbidities in epilepsy patients. Suppressed neurotransmitter tone in the raphe nucleus (RN)-prefrontal cortex (PFC) serotonergic pathway and in the locus coeruleus (LC)-PFC noradrenergic pathway underlies depressive- and impulsive-like behavioral deficits respectively. We examined possible mechanisms leading to the monoamine dysfunction in brainstem efferents, namely modulatory effects of the neuropeptide galanin on serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) signaling. SE was induced in young adult male Wistar rats by LiCl and pilocarpine. Epileptic rats were categorized vis-à-vis behavioral deficits as not impaired, "depressed" and "impulsive". Depressive- and impulsive-like behaviors were examined in the forced swimming test (FST). The strength of serotonergic transmission in RN-PFC and of noradrenergic transmission in LC-PFC was analyzed using in vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry. Galanin receptor type 1 (GalR1)/type 2 (GalR2) antagonist M40, and a preferential GalR2 antagonist M871 were administered over 3days locally into either RN or LC by means of ALZET osmotic minipumps connected to locally implanted infusion cannulas. Intra-RN injection of M40 improved serotonergic tone and depressive-like behavior in epileptic "depressed" rats. Intra-LC injection of M40 improved noradrenergic tone and impulsive-like behavior in epileptic "impulsive" rats. The effects of M40 were only observed in impaired subjects. The treatment did not modify neurotransmission and behavior in naïve and epileptic not impaired rats; in "depressed" rats the effects were limited to serotonergic transmission and immobility, while in "impulsive" rats - to noradrenergic transmission and struggling behavior. Intra-RN administration of M871 exacerbated depressive-like behavior, but had no effects on any other of the examined parameters in any category of animals. These findings suggest that endogenous galanin, acting through GalR1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy-associated depression and ADHD via inhibiting RN-PFC serotonergic and LC-PFC noradrenergic transmissions respectively.
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Antidepressant drugs in convulsive seizures: Pre-clinical evaluation of duloxetine in mice. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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