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Li X, Guo S, Sun Y, Ding J, Chen C, Wu Y, Li P, Sun T, Wang X. GABRG2 mutations in genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus: structure, roles, and molecular genetics. J Transl Med 2024; 22:767. [PMID: 39143639 PMCID: PMC11323400 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is a genetic epilepsy syndrome characterized by a marked hereditary tendency inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Patients with GEFS+ may develop typical febrile seizures (FS), while generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) with fever commonly occur between 3 months and 6 years of age, which is generally followed by febrile seizure plus (FS+), with or without absence seizures, focal seizures, or GTCSs. GEFS+ exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity, with polymerase chain reaction, exon sequencing, and single nucleotide polymorphism analyses all showing that the occurrence of GEFS+ is mainly related to mutations in the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma 2 subunit (GABRG2) gene. The most common mutations in GABRG2 are separated in large autosomal dominant families, but their pathogenesis remains unclear. The predominant types of GABRG2 mutations include missense (c.983A → T, c.245G → A, p.Met199Val), nonsense (R136*, Q390*, W429*), frameshift (c.1329delC, p.Val462fs*33, p.Pro59fs*12), point (P83S), and splice site (IVS6+2T → G) mutations. All of these mutations types can reduce the function of ion channels on the cell membrane; however, the degree and mechanism underlying these dysfunctions are different and could be linked to the main mechanism of epilepsy. The γ2 subunit plays a special role in receptor trafficking and is closely related to its structural specificity. This review focused on investigating the relationship between GEFS+ and GABRG2 mutation types in recent years, discussing novel aspects deemed to be great significance for clinically accurate diagnosis, anti-epileptic treatment strategies, and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengnan Guo
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, The Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, The Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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Jafarian M, Modarres Mousavi SM, Rahimi S, Ghaderi Pakdel F, Lotfinia AA, Lotfinia M, Gorji A. The effect of GABAergic neurotransmission on the seizure-related activity of the laterodorsal thalamic nuclei and the somatosensory cortex in a genetic model of absence epilepsy. Brain Res 2021; 1757:147304. [PMID: 33524378 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the alterations of the GABAergic system in the laterodorsal nucleus (LDN) of the thalamus and the somatosensory cortex (SC) in an experimental model of absence seizure. The effects of pharmacological manipulation of both GABAA and GABAB receptor subunits in the LDN on the generation of spike-wave discharges (SWD) were evaluated. The experiments were carried out in four groups of both WAG/Rij and Wistar rats with 2 and 6 months of age. The expressions of various GABA receptor subunits were studied in the LDN and SC. Furthermore, recordings of unit activity from the LDN and electrocorticography were simultaneously monitored before, during, and after the application of GABAA and GABAB antagonists in the LDN. The generation of SWD in the older WAG/Rij rats was associated with significant alterations in the expression of GABAARα1, GABAARβ3, and GABABR2 subunits in the LDN as well as GABAARα1, GABAARβ3, GABAARγ2, and GABABR2 subunits in the SC. Furthermore, the occurrence of SWD was associated with a significant reduction of gene expression of GABAARα1 and increase of GABAARβ3 in the LDN as well as reduction of GABAARα1, GABAARβ3, GABAARγ2, and GABABR2 in the SC. The microionthophoretic application of the GABAA antagonist bicuculline resulted in a significant increase in the population firing rate of LDN neurons as well as the mean number and duration of SWD. The application of the GABAB antagonist CGP35348 significantly increased the population firing rate of LDN neurons but decreased the mean number of SWD. Our data indicate the regulatory effect of the GABAergic system of the LDN and SC in absence seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jafarian
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mostafa Modarres Mousavi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Rahimi
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Firuze Ghaderi Pakdel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Lotfinia
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Lotfinia
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universitat Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Pedersen M, Kowalczyk M, Omidvarnia A, Perucca P, Gooley S, Petrou S, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, Jackson GD. Human GABRG2 generalized epilepsy: Increased somatosensory and striatothalamic connectivity. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2019; 5:e340. [PMID: 31321301 PMCID: PMC6563517 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To map functional MRI (fMRI) connectivity within and between the somatosensory cortex, putamen, and ventral thalamus in individuals from a family with a GABAergic deficit segregating with febrile seizures and genetic generalized epilepsy. Methods We studied 5 adults from a family with early-onset absence epilepsy and/or febrile seizures and a GABAA receptor subunit gamma2 pathogenic variant (GABRG2[R43Q]) vs 5 age-matched controls. We infer differences between participants with the GABRG2 pathogenic variant and controls in resting-state fMRI connectivity within and between the somatosensory cortex, putamen, and ventral thalamus. Results We observed increased fMRI connectivity within the somatosensory cortex and between the putamen and ventral thalamus in all individuals with the GABRG2 pathogenic variant compared with controls. Post hoc analysis showed less pronounced changes in fMRI connectivity within and between the primary visual cortex and precuneus. Conclusions Although our sample size was small, this preliminary study suggests that individuals with a GABRG2 pathogenic variant, raising risk of febrile seizures and generalized epilepsy, display underlying increased functional connectivity both within the somatosensory cortex and in striatothalamic networks. This human network model aligns with rodent research and should be further validated in larger cohorts, including other individuals with generalized epilepsy with and without known GABA pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangor Pedersen
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.P., M.K., A.O., S.P., I.E.S., G.D.J.), Parkville; Department of Neurology (I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neuroscience (P.P.), Central Clinical School, Monash University; Department of Neurology (P.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neurology (P.P.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Department of Medicine (P.P., S.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville; Epilepsy Research Centre (S.G., I.E.S., S.F.B., G.D.J.), Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg; and Department of Pediatrics (I.E.S.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Kowalczyk
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.P., M.K., A.O., S.P., I.E.S., G.D.J.), Parkville; Department of Neurology (I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neuroscience (P.P.), Central Clinical School, Monash University; Department of Neurology (P.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neurology (P.P.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Department of Medicine (P.P., S.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville; Epilepsy Research Centre (S.G., I.E.S., S.F.B., G.D.J.), Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg; and Department of Pediatrics (I.E.S.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Amir Omidvarnia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.P., M.K., A.O., S.P., I.E.S., G.D.J.), Parkville; Department of Neurology (I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neuroscience (P.P.), Central Clinical School, Monash University; Department of Neurology (P.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neurology (P.P.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Department of Medicine (P.P., S.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville; Epilepsy Research Centre (S.G., I.E.S., S.F.B., G.D.J.), Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg; and Department of Pediatrics (I.E.S.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Piero Perucca
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.P., M.K., A.O., S.P., I.E.S., G.D.J.), Parkville; Department of Neurology (I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neuroscience (P.P.), Central Clinical School, Monash University; Department of Neurology (P.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neurology (P.P.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Department of Medicine (P.P., S.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville; Epilepsy Research Centre (S.G., I.E.S., S.F.B., G.D.J.), Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg; and Department of Pediatrics (I.E.S.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel Gooley
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.P., M.K., A.O., S.P., I.E.S., G.D.J.), Parkville; Department of Neurology (I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neuroscience (P.P.), Central Clinical School, Monash University; Department of Neurology (P.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neurology (P.P.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Department of Medicine (P.P., S.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville; Epilepsy Research Centre (S.G., I.E.S., S.F.B., G.D.J.), Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg; and Department of Pediatrics (I.E.S.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.P., M.K., A.O., S.P., I.E.S., G.D.J.), Parkville; Department of Neurology (I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neuroscience (P.P.), Central Clinical School, Monash University; Department of Neurology (P.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neurology (P.P.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Department of Medicine (P.P., S.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville; Epilepsy Research Centre (S.G., I.E.S., S.F.B., G.D.J.), Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg; and Department of Pediatrics (I.E.S.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.P., M.K., A.O., S.P., I.E.S., G.D.J.), Parkville; Department of Neurology (I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neuroscience (P.P.), Central Clinical School, Monash University; Department of Neurology (P.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neurology (P.P.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Department of Medicine (P.P., S.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville; Epilepsy Research Centre (S.G., I.E.S., S.F.B., G.D.J.), Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg; and Department of Pediatrics (I.E.S.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.P., M.K., A.O., S.P., I.E.S., G.D.J.), Parkville; Department of Neurology (I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neuroscience (P.P.), Central Clinical School, Monash University; Department of Neurology (P.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neurology (P.P.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Department of Medicine (P.P., S.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville; Epilepsy Research Centre (S.G., I.E.S., S.F.B., G.D.J.), Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg; and Department of Pediatrics (I.E.S.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme D Jackson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (M.P., M.K., A.O., S.P., I.E.S., G.D.J.), Parkville; Department of Neurology (I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neuroscience (P.P.), Central Clinical School, Monash University; Department of Neurology (P.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Department of Neurology (P.P.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Department of Medicine (P.P., S.P.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville; Epilepsy Research Centre (S.G., I.E.S., S.F.B., G.D.J.), Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg; and Department of Pediatrics (I.E.S.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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