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Iwińska K, Wirowska M, Borowski Z, Boratyński Z, Solecki P, Ciesielski M, Boratyński JS. Energy allocation is revealed while behavioural performance persists after fire disturbance. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247114. [PMID: 38323432 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic physiology and animal behaviour are often considered to be linked, positively or negatively, according to either the performance or allocation models. Performance seems to predominate over allocation in natural systems, but the constraining environmental context may reveal allocation limitations to energetically expensive behaviours. Habitat disturbance, such as the large-scale fire that burnt wetlands of Biebrza National Park (NE Poland), degrades natural ecosystems. It arguably reduces food and shelter availability, modifies predator-prey interactions, and poses a direct threat for animal survival, such as that of the wetland specialist root vole Microtus oeconomus. We hypothesized that fire disturbance induces physiology-behaviour co-expression, as a consequence of changed environmental context. We repeatedly measured maintenance and exercise metabolism, and behavioural responses to the open field, in a root voles from post-fire and unburnt locations. Highly repeatable maintenance metabolism and distance moved during behavioural tests correlated positively, but relatively labile exercise metabolism did not covary with behaviour. At the same time, voles from a post-fire habitat had higher maintenance metabolism and moved shorter distances than voles from unburnt areas. We conclude there is a prevalence of the performance mechanism, but simultaneous manifestation of context-dependent allocation constraints of the physiology-behaviour covariation after disturbance. The last occurs at the within-individual level, indicating the significance of behavioural plasticity in the context of environmental disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Iwińska
- University of Białystok Doctoral School in Exact and Natural Sciences, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Martyna Wirowska
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Systematic Zoology, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Zbyszek Boratyński
- BIOPOLIS, CIBIO/InBio, Research Center in Biodiversity & Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Paweł Solecki
- Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jan S Boratyński
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
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Maskrey DK, Killen SS, Sneddon LU, Arnold KE, Wolfenden DCC, Thomson JS. Differential metabolic responses in bold and shy sea anemones during a simulated heatwave. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb244662. [PMID: 38235786 PMCID: PMC10912810 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
As climate change-induced heatwaves become more common, phenotypic plasticity at multiple levels is a key mitigation strategy by which organisms can optimise selective outcomes. In ectotherms, changes to both metabolism and behaviour can help alleviate thermal stress. Nonetheless, no study in any ectotherm has yet empirically investigated how changing temperatures affect among-individual differences in the associations between these traits. Using the beadlet anemone (Actinia equina), an intertidal species from a thermally heterogeneous environment, we investigated how individual metabolic rates, linked to morphotypic differences in A. equina, and boldness were related across changing temperatures. A crossed-over design and a temporal control were used to test the same individuals at a non-stressful temperature, 13°C, and under a simulated heatwave at 21°C. At each temperature, short-term repeated measurements of routine metabolic rate (RMR) and a single measurement of a repeatable boldness-related behaviour, immersion response time (IRT), were made. Individual differences, but not morphotypic differences, were highly predictive of metabolic plasticity, and the plasticity of RMR was associated with IRT. At 13°C, shy animals had the highest metabolic rates, while at 21°C, this relationship was reversed. Individuals that were bold at 13°C also exhibited the highest metabolic rates at 21°C. Additional metabolic challenges during heatwaves could be detrimental to fitness in bold individuals. Equally, lower metabolic rates at non-stressful temperatures could be necessary for optimal survival as heatwaves become more common. These results provide novel insight into the relationship between metabolic and behavioural plasticity, and its adaptive implications in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Maskrey
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, Nicholson Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - Shaun S. Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lynne U. Sneddon
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathryn E. Arnold
- Department of Environment and Geography, Wentworth Way, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, UK
| | - David C. C. Wolfenden
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jack S. Thomson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, Nicholson Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
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3
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Qu J, Wang Y, Kong Y, Zhu H, Yu Y, Zhong L. Effect of chronic traffic noise on behavior and physiology of plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1065966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, numerous studies have shown the effects of traffic noise on animal vocal communication. However, studies on the influences of traffic noise on wildlife behavior and physiology are scarce. In the present study, we experimentally manipulated the traffic noise exposure of plateau pika, a native small mammal widely distributed in the alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, to explore the effects of traffic noise exposure on its behavior and physiology. We showed that noise exposure increased the pika’s exploration and cortisol concentration (CORT) but decreased the resting metabolic rate (RMR). In addition, the relationships between RMR and exploration or CORT appeared under traffic noise treatment. This study suggests that traffic noise plays a large role in the behavior and physiology of plateau pikas and may have a long-term negative effect on the fitness of rodent populations. Generalizing these non-lethal effects to different taxa is crucial for the conservation and management of biodiversity in this increasingly noisy world.
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Beukeboom R, Morel A, Phillips JS, Ólafsdóttir GÁ, Benhaïm D. Activity vs exploration: Locomotion in a known and unknown environment differs in Atlantic cod juveniles (Gadus morhua). Behav Processes 2022; 202:104736. [PMID: 36028060 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Individuals within a population often behave differently and these differences can be consistent over time and/or context, also termed "animal personality". Animal personality has been commonly classified into five axes with studies aiming to validate these axes. One subject that has surprisingly not received full attention yet is the difference between the two personality axes "activity" and "exploration-avoidance", i.e. behaviour in a known vs an unknown environment. Despite this clear difference in definition, many studies measure activity in an unknown environment and term it activity, while underlying motivations between the two environments are different. This study aimed to detect the two personality traits "activity" and "exploration" in Atlantic cod juveniles, and to investigate whether they support the distinctive definitions proposed by previous authors. This study showed significant consistency in locomotion variation in both environments, i.e. personality. In addition, the two environments clearly elicited different behaviours; Atlantic cod juvenile behaviour was more repeatable and they moved more in the known vs the unknown environment, and no correlation of the proportional locomotion between the two was found. This demonstrates that locomotion in both environments, i.e. the personality axes "activity" and "exploration", should not be confused nor treated as if they reflect the same personality trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Beukeboom
- University of Iceland, Research Centre of the Westfjords, Bolungarvik, Iceland; Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Saudárkrókur, Iceland.
| | - Antoine Morel
- University of Iceland, Research Centre of the Westfjords, Bolungarvik, Iceland
| | - Joseph S Phillips
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Saudárkrókur, Iceland
| | | | - David Benhaïm
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Saudárkrókur, Iceland
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Arumäe K, Mõttus R, Vainik U. Beyond BMI: Personality traits' associations with adiposity and metabolic rate. Physiol Behav 2022; 246:113703. [PMID: 35031345 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various personality traits are known to correlate with body mass index (BMI). However, this index of adiposity conflates fat mass with lean body mass and may therefore lead to biased estimates of correlations. Yet, rarely have studies looked beyond BMI to understand how adiposity and other physiological characteristics relate to these psychological traits. Using previously validated formulas, we calculated an improved measure of adiposity (relative fat mass, RFM), as well as basal metabolic rate (BMR); explored their associations with various personality traits; and assessed how personality traits' associations with RFM differ from their associations with BMI. In a subsample of the Estonian Biobank (N = 3535), we compared how the five domains and 30 facets of NEO Personality Inventory-3 correlated with RFM, BMI, and BMR. Various traits, notably Openness to Experience and its facets, were associated with RFM above and beyond BMI; these traits may relate to lower adiposity through eating habits. Assertiveness, a facet of Extraversion, correlated more strongly with BMI than with RFM and also correlated with BMR. These correlations mirror associations of metabolic rate with conceptually similar traits in non-human animals and are consistent with Assertiveness being based on biological processes. Finally, BMI-personality trait correlations appeared to conflate personality traits' associations with fat mass and lean mass; the use of BMI as an indicator of adiposity can lead to both attenuated and inflated estimates of personality trait-adiposity associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Arumäe
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - René Mõttus
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
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Abdeen A, Agnani P, Careau V. The active mouse rests within: Energy management among and within individuals. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aly Abdeen
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Paul Agnani
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Vincent Careau
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
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Yarwood E, Drees C, Niven JE, Schuett W. Sex-specific covariance between metabolic rate, behaviour and morphology in the ground beetle Carabus hortensis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12455. [PMID: 35003913 PMCID: PMC8684319 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals within the same species often differ in their metabolic rates, which may covary with behavioural traits (such as exploration), that are consistent across time and/or contexts, and morphological traits. Yet, despite the frequent occurrence of sexual dimorphisms in morphology and behaviour, few studies have assessed whether and how sexes differ in metabolic trait covariances. METHODS We investigated sex-specific relationships among resting or active metabolic rate (RMR and AMR, respectively) with exploratory behaviour, measured independently of metabolic rate in a novel environment, body size and body mass, in Carabus hortensis ground beetles. RESULTS RMR, AMR and exploratory behaviour were repeatable among individuals across time, except for male RMR which was unrepeatable. Female RMR neither correlated with exploratory behaviour nor body size/body mass. In contrast, AMR was correlated with both body size and exploratory behaviour. Males with larger body sizes had higher AMR, whereas females with larger body sizes had lower AMR. Both male and female AMR were significantly related to exploratory behaviour, though the relationships between AMR and exploration were body mass-dependent in males and temperature-dependent in females. DISCUSSION Differences between sexes exist in the covariances between metabolic rate, body size and exploratory behaviour. This suggests that selection acts differently on males and females to produce these trait covariances with potentially important consequences for individual fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Yarwood
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Drees
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
- Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy E. Niven
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Schuett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
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Meta-analysis reveals that resting metabolic rate is not consistently related to fitness and performance in animals. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:1097-1110. [PMID: 33721034 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Explaining variation in the fitness of organisms is a fundamental goal in evolutionary ecology. Maintenance energy metabolism is the minimum energy required to sustain biological processes at rest (resting metabolic rate: RMR) and is proposed to drive or constrain fitness of animals; however, this remains debated. Hypotheses have been proposed as to why fitness might increase with RMR (the 'increased intake' or 'performance' hypothesis), decrease with RMR (the 'compensation' or 'allocation' hypothesis), or vary among species and environmental contexts (the 'context dependent' hypothesis). Here, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, finding 114 studies with 355 relationships between RMR and traits that may be related to fitness. We show that individuals with relatively high RMR generally have high fitness overall, which might be supported by an increased energy intake. However, fitness proxies are not interchangeable: the nature of the RMR-fitness relationship varied substantially depending on the specific trait in question, and we found no consistent relationship between RMR and those traits most closely linked with actual fitness (i.e., lifetime reproductive success). We hypothesise that maintaining high RMR is not costly when resources are unlimited, and we propose ideas for future studies to identify mechanisms underlying RMR-fitness relationships.
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9
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Oliveira FG, Mathias MDL, Rychlik L, Tapisso JT, von Merten S. Metabolic and behavioral adaptations of greater white-toothed shrews to urban conditions. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The global trend of urbanization is creating novel challenges for many animal species. Studies investigating behavioral differences between rural and urban populations often report a general increase in risk-taking behaviors in urban populations. According to the most common energy management model (the performance model), behaviors that increase access to resources, such as aggression and boldness, and behaviors that consume net energy, like locomotion and stress responses, are both positively correlated to resting metabolic rate (RMR). Thus, we expect urban populations to not only exhibit a higher level of risk-taking behavior but also a higher RMR. However, these interactions remain poorly investigated. Our main goal was to analyze the relationship between RMR and risk-taking behaviors in the greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) in rural versus urban populations. Trapped shrews were brought to captivity where we measured RMR, boldness, and exploration rate three times in each individual. Our findings revealed that urban shrews were indeed bolder and more exploratory, but contrary to our expectations, their RMR was lower than that of rural shrews. This is likely explained by differences in the environmental conditions of these two habitats, such as higher ambient temperatures and/or lower prey availability in cities. When looking at each population separately, this relationship remained similar: urban shrews with a higher RMR were less bold, and rural shrews with a higher RMR showed a lower exploration rate. We conclude that the energetic strategy of C. russula is dependent on the environmental and observational context and cannot be explained by the performance model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio G Oliveira
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leszek Rychlik
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joaquim T Tapisso
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sophie von Merten
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
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Cozzoli F, Shokri M, Ligetta G, Ciotti M, Gjoni V, Marrocco V, Vignes F, Basset A. Relationship between individual metabolic rate and patch departure behaviour: evidence from aquatic gastropods. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cozzoli
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
- Res. Inst. on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) – National Research Council of Italy (CNR) via Salaria km 29.3 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma) Italy
| | - Milad Shokri
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Giovanna Ligetta
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Mario Ciotti
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Vojsava Gjoni
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Vanessa Marrocco
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Fabio Vignes
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Alberto Basset
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
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