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Page HN, McCoy S, Spencer RGM, Burnham KA, Hewett C, Johnson M. Effects of ocean acidification on growth and photophysiology of two tropical reef macroalgae. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286661. [PMID: 37976304 PMCID: PMC10655979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae can modify coral reef community structure and ecosystem function through a variety of mechanisms, including mediation of biogeochemistry through photosynthesis and the associated production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Ocean acidification has the potential to fuel macroalgal growth and photosynthesis and alter DOC production, but responses across taxa and regions are widely varied and difficult to predict. Focusing on algal taxa from two different functional groups on Caribbean coral reefs, we exposed fleshy (Dictyota spp.) and calcifying (Halimeda tuna) macroalgae to ambient and low seawater pH for 25 days in an outdoor experimental system in the Florida Keys. We quantified algal growth, calcification, photophysiology, and DOC production across pH treatments. We observed no significant differences in the growth or photophysiology of either species between treatments, except for lower chlorophyll b concentrations in Dictyota spp. in response to low pH. We were unable to quantify changes in DOC production. The tolerance of Dictyota and Halimeda to near-future seawater carbonate chemistry and stability of photophysiology, suggests that acidification alone is unlikely to change biogeochemical processes associated with algal photosynthesis in these species. Additional research is needed to fully understand how taxa from these functional groups sourced from a wide range of environmental conditions regulate photosynthesis (via carbon uptake strategies) and how this impacts their DOC production. Understanding these species-specific responses to future acidification will allow us to more accurately model and predict the indirect impacts of macroalgae on coral health and reef ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N. Page
- Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Mote Marine Laboratory, Summerland Key, FL, United States of America
- Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA, United States of America
| | - Sophie McCoy
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Katherine A. Burnham
- Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Mote Marine Laboratory, Summerland Key, FL, United States of America
| | - Clay Hewett
- Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Mote Marine Laboratory, Summerland Key, FL, United States of America
- Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Fl, United States of America
| | - Maggie Johnson
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
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2
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Donham EM, Flores I, Hooper A, O’Brien E, Vylet K, Takeshita Y, Freiwald J, Kroeker KJ. Population-specific vulnerability to ocean change in a multistressor environment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2365. [PMID: 36662849 PMCID: PMC9858493 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Variation in environmental conditions across a species' range can alter their responses to environmental change through local adaptation and acclimation. Evolutionary responses, however, may be challenged in ecosystems with tightly coupled environmental conditions, where changes in the covariance of environmental factors may make it more difficult for species to adapt to global change. Here, we conduct a 3-month-long mesocosm experiment and find evidence for local adaptation/acclimation in populations of red sea urchins, Mesocentrotus franciscanus, to multiple environmental drivers. Moreover, populations differ in their response to projected concurrent changes in pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Our results highlight the potential for local adaptation/acclimation to multivariate environmental regimes but suggest that thresholds in responses to a single environmental variable, such as temperature, may be more important than changes to environmental covariance. Therefore, identifying physiological thresholds in key environmental drivers may be particularly useful for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Donham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Iris Flores
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Alexis Hooper
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Evan O’Brien
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kate Vylet
- Reef Check Foundation, Marina del Rey, CA 90929, USA
| | | | - Jan Freiwald
- Reef Check Foundation, Marina del Rey, CA 90929, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kristy J. Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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3
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Rodríguez‐Romero A, Gaitán‐Espitía JD, Opitz T, Lardies MA. Heterogeneous environmental seascape across a biogeographic break influences the thermal physiology and tolerances to ocean acidification in an ecosystem engineer. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Rodríguez‐Romero
- Departamento de Ciencias Facultad de Artes Liberales Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Peñalolén, Santiago Chile
- Green Engineering and Resources Group (GER) Department of Chemistry and Process & Resource Engineering ETSIIT Universidad de Cantabria Santander Spain
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz Cádiz Spain
| | - Juan Diego Gaitán‐Espitía
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Tania Opitz
- Departamento de Ciencias Facultad de Artes Liberales Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Peñalolén, Santiago Chile
- Dirección de Investigación y Publicaciones Universidad Finis Terrae Santiago
| | - Marco A. Lardies
- Departamento de Ciencias Facultad de Artes Liberales Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Peñalolén, Santiago Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Socio‐Ecología Costera “SECOS” Santiago Chile
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4
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Cornwall CE, Harvey BP, Comeau S, Cornwall DL, Hall-Spencer JM, Peña V, Wada S, Porzio L. Understanding coralline algal responses to ocean acidification: Meta-analysis and synthesis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:362-374. [PMID: 34689395 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is a major threat to the persistence of biogenic reefs throughout the world's ocean. Coralline algae are comprised of high magnesium calcite and have long been considered one of the most susceptible taxa to the negative impacts of OA. We summarize these impacts and explore the causes of variability in coralline algal responses using a review/qualitative assessment of all relevant literature, meta-analysis, quantitative assessment of critical responses, and a discussion of physiological mechanisms and directions for future research. We find that most coralline algae experienced reduced abundance, calcification rates, recruitment rates, and declines in pH within the site of calcification in laboratory experiments simulating OA or at naturally elevated CO2 sites. There were no other consistent physiological responses of coralline algae to simulated OA (e.g., photo-physiology, mineralogy, and survival). Calcification/growth was the most frequently measured parameters in coralline algal OA research, and our meta-analyses revealed greater declines in seawater pH were associated with significant decreases in calcification in adults and similar but nonsignificant trends for juveniles. Adults from the family Mesophyllumaceae also tended to be more robust to OA, though there was insufficient data to test similar trends for juveniles. OA was the dominant driver in the majority of laboratory experiments where other local or global drivers were assessed. The interaction between OA and any other single driver was often additive, though factors that changed pH at the surface of coralline algae (light, water motion, epiphytes) acted antagonistically or synergistically with OA more than any other drivers. With advances in experimental design and methodological techniques, we now understand that the physiology of coralline algal calcification largely dictates their responses to OA. However, significant challenges still remain, including improving the geographic and life-history spread of research effort and a need for holistic assessments of physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Cornwall
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ben P Harvey
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Steeve Comeau
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Daniel L Cornwall
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Viviana Peña
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Shigeki Wada
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Lucia Porzio
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan
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5
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Effect of environmental history on the habitat-forming kelp Macrocystis pyrifera responses to ocean acidification and warming: a physiological and molecular approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2510. [PMID: 33510300 PMCID: PMC7843619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of marine organisms to adapt and/or acclimate to climate change might differ among distinct populations, depending on their local environmental history and phenotypic plasticity. Kelp forests create some of the most productive habitats in the world, but globally, many populations have been negatively impacted by multiple anthropogenic stressors. Here, we compare the physiological and molecular responses to ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW) of two populations of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera from distinct upwelling conditions (weak vs strong). Using laboratory mesocosm experiments, we found that juvenile Macrocystis sporophyte responses to OW and OA did not differ among populations: elevated temperature reduced growth while OA had no effect on growth and photosynthesis. However, we observed higher growth rates and NO3- assimilation, and enhanced expression of metabolic-genes involved in the NO3- and CO2 assimilation in individuals from the strong upwelling site. Our results suggest that despite no inter-population differences in response to OA and OW, intrinsic differences among populations might be related to their natural variability in CO2, NO3- and seawater temperatures driven by coastal upwelling. Further work including additional populations and fluctuating climate change conditions rather than static values are needed to precisely determine how natural variability in environmental conditions might influence a species' response to climate change.
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Galloway AWE, von Dassow G, Schram JB, Klinger T, Hill TM, Lowe AT, Chan F, Yoshioka RM, Kroeker KJ. Ghost Factors of Laboratory Carbonate Chemistry Are Haunting Our Experiments. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2020; 239:183-188. [PMID: 33347796 DOI: 10.1086/711242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFor many historical and contemporary experimental studies in marine biology, seawater carbonate chemistry remains a ghost factor, an uncontrolled, unmeasured, and often dynamic variable affecting experimental organisms or the treatments to which investigators subject them. We highlight how environmental variability, such as seasonal upwelling and biological respiration, drive variation in seawater carbonate chemistry that can influence laboratory experiments in unintended ways and introduce a signal consistent with ocean acidification. As the impacts of carbonate chemistry on biochemical pathways that underlie growth, development, reproduction, and behavior become better understood, the hidden effects of this previously overlooked variable need to be acknowledged. Here we bring this emerging challenge to the attention of the wider community of experimental biologists who rely on access to organisms and water from marine and estuarine laboratories and who may benefit from explicit considerations of a growing literature on the pervasive effects of aquatic carbonate chemistry changes.
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Guy-Haim T, Silverman J, Wahl M, Aguirre J, Noisette F, Rilov G. Epiphytes provide micro-scale refuge from ocean acidification. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105093. [PMID: 32798779 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coralline algae, a major calcifying component of coastal shallow water communities, have been shown to be one of the more vulnerable taxonomic groups to ocean acidification (OA). Under OA, the interaction between corallines and epiphytes was previously described as both positive and negative. We hypothesized that the photosynthetic activity and the complex structure of non-calcifying epiphytic algae that grow on corallines ameliorate the chemical microenvironmental conditions around them, providing protection from OA. Using mesocosm and microsensor experiments, we showed that the widespread coralline Ellisolandia elongata is less susceptible to the detrimental effects of OA when covered with non-calcifying epiphytic algae, and its diffusive boundary layer is thicker than when not covered by epiphytes. By modifying the microenvironmental carbonate chemistry, epiphytes, facilitated by OA, create micro-scale shield (and refuge) with more basic conditions that may allow the persistence of corallines associated with them during acidified conditions. Such ecological refugia could also assist corallines under near-future anthropogenic OA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Guy-Haim
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel; The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, Marine Biology Department, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel; GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Experimental Ecology, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, 24105, Germany.
| | - Jacob Silverman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel
| | - Martin Wahl
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Experimental Ecology, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Julio Aguirre
- Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, University of Granada, Fuentenueva S/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
| | - Fanny Noisette
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gil Rilov
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel; The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, Marine Biology Department, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel
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8
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Page TM, Diaz-Pulido G. Plasticity of adult coralline algae to prolonged increased temperature and pCO2 exposure but reduced survival in their first generation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235125. [PMID: 32574214 PMCID: PMC7310705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are vital to coral reefs worldwide, providing structural integrity and inducing the settlement of important invertebrate larvae. CCA are known to be impacted by changes in their environment, both during early development and adulthood. However, long-term studies on either life history stage are lacking in the literature, therefore not allowing time to explore the acclimatory or potential adaptive responses of CCA to future global change scenarios. Here, we exposed a widely distributed, slow growing, species of CCA, Sporolithon cf. durum, to elevated temperature and pCO2 for five months and their first set of offspring (F1) for eleven weeks. Survival, reproductive output, and metabolic rate were measured in adult S. cf. durum, and survival and growth were measured in the F1 generation. Adult S. cf. durum experienced 0% mortality across treatments and reduced their O2 production after five months exposure to global stressors, indicating a possible expression of plasticity. In contrast, the combined stressors of elevated temperature and pCO2 resulted in 50% higher mortality and 61% lower growth on germlings. On the other hand, under the independent elevated pCO2 treatment, germling growth was higher than all other treatments. These results show the robustness and plasticity of S. cf. durum adults, indicating the potential for them to acclimate to increased temperature and pCO2. However, the germlings of this species are highly sensitive to global stressors and this could negatively impact this species in future oceans, and ultimately the structure and stability of coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa M. Page
- Griffth University School of Environment and Science and Australia Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
- Griffth University School of Environment and Science and Australia Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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9
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Griffiths JS, Pan TCF, Kelly MW. Differential responses to ocean acidification between populations of Balanophyllia elegans corals from high and low upwelling environments. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2715-2730. [PMID: 30770604 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA), the global decrease in surface water pH from absorption of anthropogenic CO2 , may put many marine taxa at risk. However, populations that experience extreme localized conditions, and are adapted to these conditions predicted in the global ocean in 2,100, may be more tolerant to future OA. By identifying locally adapted populations, researchers can examine the mechanisms used to cope with decreasing pH. One oceanographic process that influences pH is wind-driven upwelling. Here we compare two Californian populations of the coral Balanophyllia elegans from distinct upwelling regimes, and test their physiological and transcriptomic responses to experimental seawater acidification. We measured respiration rates, protein and lipid content, and gene expression in corals from both populations exposed to pH levels of 7.8 and 7.4 for 29 days. Corals from the population that experiences lower pH due to high upwelling maintained the same respiration rate throughout the exposure. In contrast, corals from the low upwelling site had reduced respiration rates, protein content and lipid-class content at low pH exposure, suggesting they have depleted their energy reserves. Using RNA-Seq, we found that corals from the high upwelling site upregulated genes involved in calcium ion binding and ion transport, most likely related to pH homeostasis and calcification. In contrast, corals from the low upwelling site downregulated stress response genes at low pH exposure. Divergent population responses to low pH observed in B. elegans highlight the importance of multi-population studies for predicting a species' response to future OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Tien-Chien Francis Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Morgan W Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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10
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Barner AK, Chan F, Hettinger A, Hacker SD, Marshall K, Menge BA. Generality in multispecies responses to ocean acidification revealed through multiple hypothesis testing. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4464-4477. [PMID: 30047188 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have demonstrated that many calcifying species are negatively affected by ocean acidification, a major anthropogenic threat in marine ecosystems. However, even closely related species may exhibit different responses to ocean acidification and less is known about the drivers that shape such variation in different species. Here, we examine the drivers of physiological performance under ocean acidification in a group of five species of turf-forming coralline algae. Specifically, quantitating the relative weight of evidence for each of ten hypotheses, we show that variation in coralline calcification and photosynthesis was best explained by allometric traits. Across ocean acidification conditions, larger individuals (measured as noncalcified mass) had higher net calcification and photosynthesis rates. Importantly, our approach was able to not only identify the aspect of size that drove the performance of coralline algae, but also determined that responses to ocean acidification were not dependent on species identity, evolutionary relatedness, habitat, shape, or structural composition. In fact, we found that failure to test multiple, alternative hypotheses would underestimate the generality of physiological performances, leading to the conclusion that each species had different baseline performance under ocean acidification. Testing among alternative hypotheses is an essential step toward determining the generalizability of experiments across taxa and identifying common drivers of species responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Barner
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Francis Chan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Annaliese Hettinger
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Sally D Hacker
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Kelsey Marshall
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Bruce A Menge
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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Guenther R, Miklasz K, Carrington E, Martone PT. Macroalgal spore dysfunction: ocean acidification delays and weakens adhesion. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:153-158. [PMID: 29288535 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Early life stages of marine organisms are predicted to be vulnerable to ocean acidification. For macroalgae, reproduction and population persistence rely on spores to settle, adhere and continue the algal life cycle, yet the effect of ocean acidification on this critical life stage has been largely overlooked. We explicitly tested the biomechanical impact of reduced pH on early spore adhesion. We developed a shear flume to examine the effect of reduced pH on spore attachment time and strength in two intertidal rhodophyte macroalgae, one calcified (Corallina vancouveriensis) and one noncalcified (Polyostea robusta). Reduced pH delayed spore attachment of both species by 40%-52% and weakened attachment strength in C. vancouveriensis, causing spores to dislodge at lower flow-induced shear forces, but had no effect on the attachment strength of P. robusta. Results are consistent with our prediction that reduced pH disrupts proper curing and gel formation of spore adhesives (anionic polysaccharides and glycoproteins) via protonation and cation displacement, although experimental verification is needed. Our results demonstrate that ocean acidification negatively, and differentially, impacts spore adhesion in two macroalgae. If results hold in field conditions, reduced ocean pH has the potential to impact macroalgal communities via spore dysfunction, regardless of the physiological tolerance of mature thalli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Guenther
- Botany Department and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, 98250, USA
| | - Kevin Miklasz
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, 98250, USA
| | - Emily Carrington
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, 98250, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - Patrick T Martone
- Botany Department and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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12
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Gaitán-Espitia JD, Marshall D, Dupont S, Bacigalupe LD, Bodrossy L, Hobday AJ. Geographical gradients in selection can reveal genetic constraints for evolutionary responses to ocean acidification. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2016.0784. [PMID: 28148831 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographical gradients in selection can shape different genetic architectures in natural populations, reflecting potential genetic constraints for adaptive evolution under climate change. Investigation of natural pH/pCO2 variation in upwelling regions reveals different spatio-temporal patterns of natural selection, generating genetic and phenotypic clines in populations, and potentially leading to local adaptation, relevant to understanding effects of ocean acidification (OA). Strong directional selection, associated with intense and continuous upwellings, may have depleted genetic variation in populations within these upwelling regions, favouring increased tolerances to low pH but with an associated cost in other traits. In contrast, diversifying or weak directional selection in populations with seasonal upwellings or outside major upwelling regions may have resulted in higher genetic variances and the lack of genetic correlations among traits. Testing this hypothesis in geographical regions with similar environmental conditions to those predicted under climate change will build insights into how selection may act in the future and how populations may respond to stressors such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, The Sven Loven Centre for Marine Sciences, 45178 Fiskebackskil, Sweden
| | - Leonardo D Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Levente Bodrossy
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, 7001 Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alistair J Hobday
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, 7001 Tasmania, Australia
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13
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Gaitán-Espitia JD, Villanueva PA, Lopez J, Torres R, Navarro JM, Bacigalupe LD. Spatio-temporal environmental variation mediates geographical differences in phenotypic responses to ocean acidification. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2016.0865. [PMID: 28179409 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is expected to play a major adaptive role in the response of species to ocean acidification (OA), by providing broader tolerances to changes in pCO2 conditions. However, tolerances and sensitivities to future OA may differ among populations within a species because of their particular environmental context and genetic backgrounds. Here, using the climatic variability hypothesis (CVH), we explored this conceptual framework in populations of the sea urchin Loxechinus albus across natural fluctuating pCO2/pH environments. Although elevated pCO2 affected the morphology, physiology, development and survival of sea urchin larvae, the magnitude of these effects differed among populations. These differences were consistent with the predictions of the CVH showing greater tolerance to OA in populations experiencing greater local variation in seawater pCO2/pH. Considering geographical differences in plasticity, tolerances and sensitivities to increased pCO2 will provide more accurate predictions for species responses to future OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Gaitán-Espitia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart 7001 Tasmania, Australia .,Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paola A Villanueva
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jorge Lopez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistema de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Jorge M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Leonardo D Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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O'Leary JK, Barry JP, Gabrielson PW, Rogers-Bennett L, Potts DC, Palumbi SR, Micheli F. Calcifying algae maintain settlement cues to larval abalone following algal exposure to extreme ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5774. [PMID: 28720836 PMCID: PMC5515930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) increasingly threatens marine systems, and is especially harmful to calcifying organisms. One important question is whether OA will alter species interactions. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) provide space and chemical cues for larval settlement. CCA have shown strongly negative responses to OA in previous studies, including disruption of settlement cues to corals. In California, CCA provide cues for seven species of harvested, threatened, and endangered abalone. We exposed four common CCA genera and a crustose calcifying red algae, Peyssonnelia (collectively CCRA) from California to three pCO2 levels ranging from 419–2,013 µatm for four months. We then evaluated abalone (Haliotis rufescens) settlement under ambient conditions among the CCRA and non-algal controls that had been previously exposed to the pCO2 treatments. Abalone settlement and metamorphosis increased from 11% in the absence of CCRA to 45–69% when CCRA were present, with minor variation among CCRA genera. Though all CCRA genera reduced growth during exposure to increased pCO2, abalone settlement was unaffected by prior CCRA exposure to increased pCO2. Thus, we find no impacts of OA exposure history on CCRA provision of settlement cues. Additionally, there appears to be functional redundancy in genera of CCRA providing cues to abalone, which may further buffer OA effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K O'Leary
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Monterey, Pacific Grove, United States of America. .,California Sea Grant, Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, United States of America.
| | - James P Barry
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, United States of America
| | - Paul W Gabrielson
- Biology Department, Herbarium, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura Rogers-Bennett
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America.,California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Region, Bodega Bay, California, United States of America
| | - Donald C Potts
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen R Palumbi
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Monterey, Pacific Grove, United States of America
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Monterey, Pacific Grove, United States of America
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15
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Gibbin EM, Chakravarti LJ, Jarrold MD, Christen F, Turpin V, Massamba N'Siala G, Blier PU, Calosi P. Can multi-generational exposure to ocean warming and acidification lead to the adaptation of life history and physiology in a marine metazoan? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 220:551-563. [PMID: 27903701 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.149989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification are concomitant global drivers that are currently threatening the survival of marine organisms. How species will respond to these changes depends on their capacity for plastic and adaptive responses. Little is known about the mechanisms that govern plasticity and adaptability or how global changes will influence these relationships across multiple generations. Here, we exposed the emerging model marine polychaete Ophryotrocha labronica to conditions simulating ocean warming and acidification, in isolation and in combination over five generations to identify: (i) how multiple versus single global change drivers alter both juvenile and adult life-history traits; (ii) the mechanistic link between adult physiological and fitness-related life-history traits; and (iii) whether the phenotypic changes observed over multiple generations are of plastic and/or adaptive origin. Two juvenile (developmental rate; survival to sexual maturity) and two adult (average reproductive body size; fecundity) life-history traits were measured in each generation, in addition to three physiological (cellular reactive oxygen species content, mitochondrial density, mitochondrial capacity) traits. We found that multi-generational exposure to warming alone caused an increase in juvenile developmental rate, reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial density, decreases in average reproductive body size and fecundity, and fluctuations in mitochondrial capacity, relative to control conditions. Exposure to ocean acidification alone had only minor effects on juvenile developmental rate. Remarkably, when both drivers of global change were present, only mitochondrial capacity was significantly affected, suggesting that ocean warming and acidification act as opposing vectors of stress across multiple generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Gibbin
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland .,Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Leela J Chakravarti
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD4811, Australia
| | - Michael D Jarrold
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD4811, Australia
| | - Felix Christen
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Vincent Turpin
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Gloria Massamba N'Siala
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5L 3A1
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16
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Calosi P, De Wit P, Thor P, Dupont S. Will life find a way? Evolution of marine species under global change. Evol Appl 2016; 9:1035-1042. [PMID: 27695513 PMCID: PMC5039318 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Projections of marine biodiversity and implementation of effective actions for its maintenance in the face of current rapid global environmental change are constrained by our limited understanding of species’ adaptive responses, including transgenerational plasticity, epigenetics and natural selection. This special issue presents 13 novel studies, which employ experimental and modelling approaches to (i) investigate plastic and evolutionary responses of marine species to major global change drivers; (ii) ask relevant broad eco‐evolutionary questions, implementing multiple species and populations studies; (iii) show the advantages of using advanced experimental designs and tools; (iv) construct novel model organisms for marine evolution; (v) help identifying future challenges for the field; and (vi) highlight the importance of incorporating existing evolutionary theory into management solutions for the marine realm. What emerges is that at least some populations of marine species have the ability to adapt to future global change conditions. However, marine organisms’ capacity for adaptation appears finite, due to evolutionary trade‐offs and possible rapid losses in genetic diversity. This further corroborates the idea that acquiring an evolutionary perspective on how marine life will respond to the selective pressure of future global changes will guide us in better identifying which conservation efforts will be most needed and most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie Chimie et Géographie Universitè du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski QC Canada
| | - Pierre De Wit
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Peter Thor
- Norwegian Polar Institute Fram Centre Tromsø Norway
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Fiskebäckskil Sweden
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